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a) steam at P=0.20 Mpa and s=7.3 kJ/kg‐K
find bracketing s values at 0.20 MPa in steam table
s h T
low 7.281 2769.1 150
desired 7.3 2777.6 154.1832 =((h high) ‐ (h low))*frac +(h low)
high 7.5081 2870.7 200
Check using thermo add‐in
h_check 2777.194 kJ/kg =h_ps_H2O(200, (s desired) )
b) steam at P=0.40 Mpa and s=6.9 kJ/kg‐K
this is same as before except now one of the points is the sat vap value
=((h_b high_b) ‐ (h_b low_b))*frac_b +(h_b low_b)
s_b h_b T_b
low_b 6.8955 2738.1 143.61
desired_b 6.9 270338.1 ‐68382.4
high_b 6.9306 3273.3 6.5579
Check using thermo add‐in
h_check_b 2739.97 kJ/kg =h_ps_H2O(400, (s_b desired_b) )
Problem 2
find properties entering the turbine ‐ interpolate to 480C at 8 Mpa
set up "live" interpolator at right and copy/paste resulting values
Find h and s at the initial state by interpolation:
T h s
low 450 3273.3 6.5579
desired 480 3349.02 6.65912
high 500 3399.5 6.7266
frac 0.6
find the exit condition at P_2 = 6 kPa. Interpolate to find saturation properties at 6 kPa
P h_f h_fg s_f s_fg
low 5 137.75 2423 0.4762 7.9176
actual 6 150.15 2415.92 0.51624 7.82008
high 7.5 168.75 2405.3 0.5763 7.6738
frac 0.4
for the isentropic process 1 ‐ 2s, s_1 = s_2s. Note s_1 < s_g at P_2 so find x_2s
x_2s 78.55% =(s_1 ‐ actual s_f)/(actual s_fg) <== (b)
calculate the corresponding h_2s
h_2s 2047.9192 kJ/kg =(actual h_f) + x_2s * (actual h_fg)
So the power output of the ideal turbine is
w_1_2s 1301.1008 kJ/kg =h_1 ‐ h_2s
Wdot_1_2s 2,602.2 kW =mdot * w_1_2s <== (a)
b) quality was found above
c) isentropic efficiency is now 87%. Find the power
eta_is 87%
w_1_2_ci 1132.0 kJ/kg =w_1_2s*eta_is
Wdot_1_2_ci 2263.9 kW =Wdot_1_2s*eta_is <== (c)
ci) if the process is adiabatic, what is the outlet state?
compute the enthalpy h_2 from the First Law for the actual process
h_2_ci 2217.1 kJ/kg =h_1 ‐ w_1_2
compare this to the h_g value ‐ note it is less than h_fg and so must be less than h_g
x_2_ci 85.55% <== (ci)
cii) find the outlet state if steam LOSES 20 kJ/kg during process
note this is a NEGATIVE heat flow
q_1_2 ‐20 kJ/kg given
Now compute h_2 as before but account for the heat loss
h_2_cii 2197.1 kJ/kg =h_1 ‐ w_1_2 + q_1_2
This is lower than before and so the quality will be lower still
x_2_cii 84.73% =(h_2_cii ‐ actual h_f)/(actual h_fg) <== (cii)