Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Revised July 2011
THIS APPLIES TO ALL PERSONS ON THE SCHOOL CAMPUS
In cases of emergency (e.g. fire), find the nearest teacher who will:
send a messenger at full speed to the Office OR inform the Office via phone ext. 99.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
6 Each class teacher will count up his or her students and mark ……………….. .
Community Education
Business Basics
Gain foundation knowledge for employment in an accounts position with
bookkeeping and business basics through to intermediate level; suitable for anyone
requiring knowledge from the ground up.
Code B/ED011
16th or 24th April 9am–4pm
Cost $420
Bookkeeping
This course will provide students with a comprehensive understanding of
bookkeeping and a great deal of hands-on experience.
Code B/ED020
19th April 9am–2.30pm (one session only so advance bookings essential)
Cost $250
Communication
Take the fear out of talking to large gatherings of people. Gain the public-speaking
experience that will empower you with better communication skills and confidence.
Code B/ED401
12th or 13th or 14th July 6pm–9pm
Cost $90
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
12 The New Enterprise Module can help your business become more profitable.
Questions 15–21
The text on the next page has seven sections, A–G.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i–x, in boxes 15–21 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i How can reflection problems be avoided?
ii How long should I work without a break?
iii What if I experience any problems?
iv When is the best time to do filing chores?
v What makes a good seat?
vi What are the common health problems?
vii What is the best kind of lighting to have?
viii What are the roles of management and workers?
ix Why does a VDU create eye fatigue?
x Where should I place the documents?
15 Section A
16 Section B
17 Section C
18 Section D
19 Section E
20 Section F
21 Section G
B It is vital that the employer pays attention to the physical setting such as
workplace design, the office environment, and placement of monitors as well as the
organisation of the work and individual work habits. Operators must be able to
recognise work-related health problems and be given the opportunity to participate in
the management of these. Operators should take note of and follow the preventive
measures outlined below.
E While keying, it is advisable to have frequent but short pauses of around thirty
to sixty seconds to proofread. When doing this, relax your hands. After you have been
keying for sixty minutes, you should have a ten minute change of activity. During this
spell it is important that you do not remain seated but stand up or walk around. This
period could be profitably used to do filing or collect and deliver documents.
F Generally, the best position for a VDU is at right angles to the window. If this
is not possible then glare from the window can be controlled by blinds, curtains or
movable screens. Keep the face of the VDU vertical to avoid glare from overhead
lighting.
Workplace dismissals
Before the dismissal
If an employer wants to dismiss an employee, there is a process to be followed.
Instances of minor misconduct and poor performance must first be addressed through
some preliminary steps.
Firstly, you should be given an improvement note. This will explain the
problem, outline any necessary changes and offer some assistance in correcting the
situation. Then, if your employer does not think your performance has improved, you
may be given a written warning. The last step is called a final written warning which
will inform you that you will be dismissed unless there are improvements in
performance. If there is no improvement, your employer can begin the dismissal
procedure.
The dismissal procedure begins with a letter from the employer setting out the
charges made against the employee. The employee will be invited to a meeting to
discuss these accusations. If the employee denies the charges, he is given the
opportunity to appear at a formal appeal hearing in front of a different manager. After
this, a decision is made as to whether the employee will be let go or not.
Dismissals
Of the various types of dismissal, a fair dismissal is the best kind if an
employer wants an employee out of the workplace. A fair dismissal is legally and
contractually strong and it means all the necessary procedures have been correctly
followed. In cases where an employee’s misconduct has been very serious, however,
an employer may not have to follow all of these procedures. If the employer can prove
that the employee’s behaviour was illegal, dangerous or severely wrong, the employee
can be dismissed immediately: a procedure known as summary dismissal.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
22 If an employee receives a ……………….. , this means he will lose his job if his
work does not get better.
23 If an employee does not accept the reasons for his dismissal, a ………………..
can be arranged.
Questions 24–28
Look at the following descriptions (Questions 24–28) and the list of terms in the box
below.
Match each description with the correct term A–E.
Write the appropriate letter A–E in boxes 24–28 on your answer sheet.
25 An employee is pressured to leave his job unless he accepts conditions that are
very different from those agreed to in the beginning.
28 The reasons for an employee’s dismissal are acceptable by law and the terms of
the employment contract.
A Fair dismissal
B Summary dismissal
C Unfair dismissal
D Wrongful dismissal
E Constructive dismissal
CALISTHENICS
The world’s oldest form of
resistance training
A From the very first caveman to scale a tree or hang from a cliff face, to the
mighty armies of the Greco-Roman empires and the gymnasiums of modern
American high schools, calisthenics has endured and thrived because of its simplicity
and utility. Unlike strength training which involves weights, machines or resistance
bands, calisthenics uses only the body’s own weight for physical development.
B Calisthenics enters the historical record at around 480 B.C., with Herodotus’
account of the Battle of Thermopolylae. Herodotus reported that, prior to the battle,
the god-king Xerxes sent a scout party to spy on his Spartan enemies. The scouts
informed Xerxes that the Spartans, under the leadership of King Leonidas, were
practicing some kind of bizarre, synchronised movements akin to a tribal dance.
Xerxes was greatly amused. His own army was comprised of over 120,000 men,
while the Spartans had just 300. Leonidas was informed that he must retreat or face
annihilation. The Spartans did not retreat, however, and in the ensuing battle they
managed to hold Xerxes’ enormous army at bay for some time until reinforcements
arrived. It turns out their tribal dance was not a superstitious ritual but a form of
calisthenics by which they were building awe-inspiring physical strength and
endurance.
C The Greeks took calisthenics seriously not only as a form of military discipline
and strength, but also as an artistic expression of movement and an aesthetically ideal
physique. Indeed, the term calisthenics itself is derived from the Greek words for
beauty and strength. We know from historical records and images from pottery,
mosaics and sculptures of the period that the ancient Olympians took calisthenics
training seriously. They were greatly admired – and still are, today – for their
combination of athleticism and physical beauty. You may have heard a friend
whimsically sigh and mention that someone ‘has the body of a Greek god’. This
expression has travelled through centuries and continents, and the source of this envy
and admiration is the calisthenics method.
D Calisthenics experienced its second golden age in the 1800s. This century saw
E In the 1950s, Angelo Siciliano – who went by the stage name Charles Atlas –
was crowned “The World’s Most Perfectly Developed Man”. Atlas’s own approach
stemmed from traditional calisthenics, and through a series of mail order comic books
he taught these methods to hundreds of thousands of children and young adults
through the 1960s and 1970s. But Atlas was the last of a dying breed. The tides were
turning, fitness methods were drifting away from calisthenics, and no widely-regarded
proponent of the method would ever succeed him.
F In the 1960s and 1970s calisthenics and the goal of functional strength combined
with physical beauty was replaced by an emphasis on huge muscles at any cost. This
became the sport of body building. Although body building’s pioneers were drawn
from the calisthenics tradition, the sole goal soon became an increase in muscle size.
Body building icons, people such as Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sergio Oliva, were
called mass monsters because of their imposing physiques. Physical development of
this nature was only attainable through the use of anabolic steroids, synthetic
hormones which boosted muscle development while harming overall health. These
body builders also relied on free weights and machines, which allowed them to target
and bloat the size of individual muscles rather than develop a naturally proportioned
body. Calisthenics, with its emphasis on physical beauty and a balance in proportions,
had little to offer the mass monsters.
H In recent years, however, fitness trends have been shifting back toward the use
of calisthenics. Bodybuilding approaches that promote excessive muscle development
frequently lead to joint pain, injuries, unbalanced physiques and weak cardiovascular
health. As a result, many of the newest and most popular gyms and programmes
emphasise calisthenics-based methods instead. Modern practices often combine
elements from a number of related traditions such as yoga, Pilates, kettle-ball training,
gymnastics and traditional Greco-Roman calisthenics. Many people are keen to
Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes, 29–35 on your answer sheet.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
During the sixties and seventies, attaining huge muscles became more important than
this new sport of body building had a background in calisthenics but the most famous
of their muscles. Drugs and mechanical devices were used to develop individual
Calisthenics then became the domain of ‘weaker’ people: females, children and those
calisthenics was lost and the method was subsequently downgraded to the status of a
simple, user-friendly activity. Once a person became skilled at this, he would progress
to 39 ……………….. .
Currently a revival of calisthenics is under way as extreme muscle building can harm
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
Volunteers
Thank you for volunteering to work one-on-one with some of the students at our
school who need extra help.
Smoking policy
Smoking is prohibited by law in the classrooms and anywhere on the school grounds.
Sign-in
A sign-in book is located at office reception. Please sign this register every time you
come to the school. This is important for insurance purposes and emergency situations.
After signing the book, collect a Visitor’s badge from the office. This must be worn at
all times when you are on school premises. Remember to return the badge afterwards.
Messages
Teachers will communicate with volunteers via telephone, email or messages left at
the office. Always ask for messages. You may communicate with teachers in the same
way – the preferred method is to leave a memo in the relevant teacher’s pigeonhole.
These can be found at the end of the corridor in the staffroom block.
Work hours
We understand that your time commitment is entirely voluntary and therefore flexible.
If your personal schedule should change and this affects your availability, please
contact the Co-ordinator for Volunteers at the school on extension 402; alternatively,
you could drop in to her office situated in F block.
Planning
Good planning is the key to safe and successful camping trips. Obtaining a camping
permit in advance of leaving to camp out overnight in a national park is obligatory.
Bookings are also compulsory for some parks. There could be limits on group sizes
in some parks. Occasionally campsites may be closed owing to bushfire danger or
for other reasons. Always obtain permission from the owner prior to crossing private
property.
Equipment
As well as your usual bushwalking gear, you will need the right equipment for
camping.
A fuel stove and fuel for cooking is essential: not only is it safer, faster and cleaner;
but it is easier to use in wet weather. It is recommended that you pitch a free-
standing tent which requires few pegs and therefore has less ecological impact. Take
a sleeping mat, if you have one, to put your sleeping bag on for a more comfortable
night’s sleep. You will also need a hand trowel to bury human waste – for proper
sanitation and hygiene.
Campfires
The traditional campfire actually causes a huge amount of environmental damage. If
you gather firewood, you are removing the vital habitat of insects, reptiles, birds and
small mammals. When campfires lead to bushfires, they create enormous danger to
native bush inhabitants and bushwalkers alike and result in destruction of the
environment. Under no circumstances should you light a fire in the bush.
Campsites
Erect your tent at an existing site if possible; otherwise try to find a spot where you
won’t damage vegetation. Never cut branches or move rocks or disturb the soil
unnecessarily. Aim to leave your campsite as you found it or even cleaner.
Rubbish
Remove all rubbish – carry it out with you. Don’t attempt to burn or bury rubbish
because this creates a fire hazard and/or disturbs the soil. Animals can dig up buried
rubbish and scatter it about. Never feed the local wildlife – carry out all food scraps
as these disturb the natural nutrient balance and can create weed problems.
Walk safely
Keep on the track. Wear footwear suitable for the terrain. Take a map.
A Must do
B May do
C Must not do
Conditions of employment
Weekly hours of work – 40 hours per week at the ordinary hourly rate of pay for
most full-time employees, plus reasonable additional hours (penalty rates1 apply).
Part-time employees work a regular number of hours and days each week, but fewer
hours than full-time workers. Casual employees are employed on an hourly or daily
basis.
Sick leave – up to 10 days’ paid sick leave per year; more than 4 continuous days
requires a medical certificate.
Annual leave – 4 weeks’ paid leave per annum, plus an additional week for shift
workers.
Public holidays – a paid day off on a public holiday, except where reasonably
requested to work. Employees working on public holidays are entitled to 15% above
their normal hourly rate.
Note:
The entitlements you receive will depend on whether you are employed on a full-time,
part-time or casual basis.
If you work part-time, you should receive all the entitlements of a full-time employee
but on a pro-rata or proportional basis.
If you are a casual worker, you do not have rights to any of the above entitlements nor
penalty payments. Casual workers have no guarantee of hours to be worked and they
do not have to be given advance notice of termination.
1
Penalty rate = a higher rate of pay to compensate for working overtime or outside normal hours e.g.
night-time or on public holidays.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
15 Part-time workers are entitled to a higher rate of pay if they work more than
their usual number of hours per week.
17 A full-timer who takes a year off to have a baby can return to the same
employer.
Choose the correct heading for each section, A–F, from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i–x, in boxes 22–27 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Written communication
ii Clarity
iii Style
iv Research
v End of message
vi One point per email
vii Relevance
viii Specify the response you want
ix The subject line
x Internal emails
22 Section A
23 Section B
24 Section C
25 Section D
26 Section E
27 Section F
Follow these simple rules to make a point. The purpose of the message
positive impression and get an should be outlined in the first paragraph
appropriate response. and the body should contain all of the
relevant information.
A
Like a headline in a newspaper: it should D
grab the recipient’s attention and specify Be sure to include a ‘call to action’ – a
what the message is about – use a few phone call or a follow-up appointment
well-chosen words. If the email is one of perhaps. To ensure a prompt reply,
a series e.g. a weekly newsletter, include incorporate your contact information –
the date in the subject line. Never leave name, title, company, phone/fax
it blank. numbers or extensions, even your
business address if necessary. Even
B internal messages must have contact
If you need to email someone about information.
several different issues, write a separate
email for each subject. This allows the E
recipient to reply to each one Only use this technique for very short
individually in a timely manner. For messages or reminders where all the
instance, one subject might be dealt with relevant information can fit in the
quickly while another could involve subject line. Write EOM at the end of
some research. If you have several the line to indicate that the recipient
related points, put them all in the same doesn’t have to open the email.
email but present each point in a
numbered or bulleted paragraph. F
Emails, even internal ones, should not be
C too informal – after all, they are written
Your email should be clear and concise. forms of communication. Use your spell-
Sentences should be short and to the check and avoid slang.
Most films and many important scenes within them open with an establishing
shot. Typically this shot precedes our introduction to the main characters by
presenting us with the locale in which the scene’s action or dialogue is about to occur.
Occasionally, however, a director will use an establishing shot with another goal in
mind. An opening view of a thousand soldiers parading in synchronized fashion might
have little to reveal about the film’s geography, for example, but it does inform the
audience that ideas about discipline and conformity are likely to arise in the material
that follows. In this way, establishing shots can also introduce a film’s theme.
From here the door is wide open for directors to choose whichever shots will
enhance the narration. Close-up shots are popular in suspense sequences – a handgun
being loaded, a doorknob being turned, the startled expression of someone freshly
roused from sleep. Confining the visual field in this way adds to the viewer’s
apprehension. Dramatic films will probably want to emphasise character interaction.
The third-person shot – in which a third of the frame consists of a rear view of a
person’s upper torso and head – can be effectively utilised here. This shot encourages
But more affordable shots can also add an interesting twist to the story. The
Dutch tilt can depict a character in a state of psychological unease by shooting them
from a jaunty angle. In this way they appear literally and metaphorically unbalanced.
A trunk shot often shows a small group of characters peering into the trunk of a
vehicle. It is filmed from a perspective within the trunk itself, although frequently to
avoid camera damage directors will simply place a detached piece of trunk door in the
corner of the frame. This shot was a favourite of Quentin Tarantino and has been used
in many crime and gangster films, often as a first-person shot through the eyes of
someone who is tied up and lying inside the vehicle. A shot that has gained traction in
avant-garde circles is the extreme close-up. This is when a single detail of the subject
fills up the entire frame. Alfred Hitchcock famously used an extreme close-up in
‘Psycho’, when he merged a shot of a shower drain into a view of a victim’s eye. It
has also been used in Westerns to depict tension between duelling gunmen eyeing
each other up before a shoot out.
Not all types of shots are used in order to enhance the narrative. Sometimes
financial restrictions or technical limitations are a more pressing concern, especially
for low-budget film makers. In the early murder mysteries of the 1920s and 1930s, the
American shot – which acquired its name from French critics who referred to a “plan
américain” – was used widely for its ability to present complex dialogue scenes
without alterations in camera position. Using the American shot, directors have their
cast assemble in single file while discussing key plot points. The result is an
efficiently produced scene that conveys all relevant information, but the trade off is a
natural tone. Because few people in real life would ever associate in such an awkward
manner, American shots tend to result in a hammy, stiff feel to the production.
Look at the following descriptions (Questions 28–33) and the list of terms below.
Write the correct letter, A–J, in boxes 28–33 on your answer sheet.
29 Two people, only one facing camera, head and shoulders shot
List of Terms
A Trunk shot
B Dutch tilt
C Establishing shot
D Money shot
E American shot
F Long shot
G Extreme close-up
H Third-person shot
I First-person shot
J Close-up
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Questions 38–40
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
Some shots are not used very often. Money shots have a high
38 ………………… considering that they only last for a few seconds. The money
shot brings in a lot of money, however, and is an important part of the film’s
39 ………………….
Other, less expensive shots can still be fascinating: a character can be made to
seem 40 ………………… in both mind and body when filmed with a Dutch tilt, for
instance.
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
Who can enrol? Any permanent or temporary migrant (anyone on a student visa
is only eligible if an individual exemption is granted).
Where to enrol? The Advance School of English
4th floor, J Block, Main Campus
120 Portsmith Road, PORTSMITH
How to enrol? Ask at the ESOL Enquiries Counter (Room 404, 4th floor, J
Block)
What does it cost? $0.50 per hour for holders of concession cards
$1.00 per hour for permanent visas (casual)
$5.00 per hour for temporary visas (casual)
How many hours? You can choose how many hours per week or per month you
attend. A concession card is issued to anyone on a permanent
visa who wishes to pay for a minimum of 50 hours in advance
(50 hours x 50c = $25). All other visitors to the SAC are
charged the higher casual fee.
What does enrolment in the SAC give access to?
All books, CDs, DVDs, and CALL materials (CALL = computer assisted
language learning). A booking system is used with resources in high demand.
Speaking practice with Conversation Tutors:
Monday–Thursday: 11.30 a.m.–1.30 p.m. / Friday: 12.30–3 p.m.
Word processing – a self-paced, internet-based program
Tuesday: 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.
Wednesday: 1 p.m. – 3 p.m.
Thursday: 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.
Who can help? The SAC Manager and SAC facilitators (who are all ESOL
teachers) are on duty every day from 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.
Procedure: First, enrol (as above).
Register your attendance at the SAC Information Desk when
you arrive – please note: you pay for a minimum of 2 hours
each time.
Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 1–4 on your answer sheet.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
Home appliances
Refrigerator
Turn the thermostat down so that your refrigerator temperature is around 3 degrees C
and the freezer is as close to minus 16 degrees as possible. Check the door seals for a
tight fit and leave the door open for no longer than absolutely necessary. These
appliances account for about 20% of household electricity.
Water cylinder
Turn down the thermostat to 60o (or even 50o is usually sufficient). This is also a
much safer temperature for water – it reduces the likelihood of a household member
getting scalded when using a hot tap.
Washing machine
Use cold water – around 20 degrees. Anything less than 15 degrees is too cold and
won’t get your laundry clean. Only start the machine when it is full and when possible
hang your laundry outside instead of using a dryer.
Dishwasher
Only use it when it is full and turn off the drying cycle – allowing the contents to air
dry will save 20% of the dishwasher’s total energy use.
A small investment
Compact fluorescent lights
These cost more initially but they use only 25% of the energy of an incandescent light
bulb and they last ten times longer.
11 You can get your clothes clean quite economically by washing them in
water no hotter than ………………… degrees C.
12 On a cold night you can save energy and still stay warm by setting your
heater’s thermostat at ………………… degrees C.
In the Laboratory
- Long-sleeved shirts and trousers offer the best protection. Shorts and short skirts
do not give adequate protection to your legs.
- Loose-fitting clothing and long hair may create a fire hazard when burners are in
use: loose-fitting clothing is unacceptable but long hair can be secured with a
rubber band.
- Sandals and open-toed shoes are not suitable footwear.
- Clothing such as ties, scarves or long jewelry, which could droop in chemicals or
a flame, should be removed.
- Hair spray is highly flammable and should not be used before entering the lab.
- Synthetic fingernails are also highly flammable and therefore not permissible.
In the Warehouse
- Dress codes for warehouse employees are also based on safety concerns: thus the
requirement for steel-toed boots and durable trousers (jeans are acceptable) or
overalls. Workers may wear T-shirts as long as they conform to the rules.
All employees of the company should adhere to the dress code policy at all times.
21 Employees who come into contact with customers must not have visible
tattoos.
State your name clearly because customers are tired of automated answer-
phone menu systems and anonymous voices at the end of the line. You should also
provide the customer with your direct line so that he feels he can make contact with
you quickly and easily in the future. Establishing fast personal responsibility in this
way is another positive step.
Explain to the customer that you will deal with the issue until it is resolved.
Your making a personal commitment to do this lightens the pressure on a frustrated
customer. Once you have done this, just listen – be sure to listen with empathy and
feeling – and let the customer unload his problem. He is most likely feeling very
angry and exasperated and you can help him calm down and make him feel better by
listening patiently and trying to understand how he feels.
Take notes – get the facts and write them down, even if it takes time. The
customer will appreciate this as it shows you are treating his problem seriously and
with respect. Asking the person to focus on the facts can also help defuse an
emotional situation.
If the complaint is justified and shows that our company’s product is defective
or our service is to blame, then you should immediately acknowledge the problem and
unreservedly apologise. Finally, quickly move on to settling the issue. However, it is a
mistake to guarantee remedial action or compensation that you or the company will be
unable to deliver.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
Walking on Water
The main point of concern now is whether or not a groundwater source can
deliver a sustainable yield. This relies on a proper management of discharge (outflow)
and recharge (inflow) rates. Discharge occurs when humans extract water, as well as
through vegetation and evaporation into the atmosphere. Sustainable use therefore
depends on more than keeping within the recharge rate; if humans use water at
precisely the recharge rate, discharge through other ways can be adversely affected.
Queensland has been one of the most active states in managing groundwater
supplies. This is because the territory sits atop the Great Artesian Basin (GAB), an
expansive underwater aquifer1 that covers nearly one-fifth of the Australian continent.
This resource has long been used by indigenous people and outback communities,
particularly in times of drought (when surface water could dry up for hundreds of
kilometres on end). Since farmers at Kerribee pioneered the use of bores2 in the
country, the number has spiralled beyond sustainable levels and caused water pressure
and flow rates across the region to decline. Furthermore, estimates indicate that 80 per
cent of GAB outflow is wasted because of inefficient and out-dated delivery systems.
Open drains used to keep livestock hydrated are a particular scourge – much water is
lost due to seepage and evaporation.
1
A layer of rock, sand or gravel through which groundwater flows
2
Holes drilled deep into the ground
Aside from more judicious use of groundwater, many experts also believe that
we need to look at harnessing other potential sources in order to meet our water needs.
During rainy seasons, for example, urban areas are inundated with storm water and
flash flooding that can bring cities to a standstill. Better storm water control
mechanisms could potentially capture and preserve this rainwater for use at a later
date.
3
A stop, postponement or delay
Write the correct letter, A–J, in boxes 28–31 on your answer sheet.
Which FOUR of the following uses are mentioned by the writer of the text?
Questions 32-35
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
35 Using water at the recharge rate or lower will ensure sustainable use.
Write the correct letter, A–J, in boxes 36–40 on your answer sheet.
36 Outback communities
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
Neighbourhood Support
Neighbourhood Support aims for a safer, more caring community by encouraging
neighbours to talk to each other and by educating and empowering people to take
responsibility for their own safety. Sharing information can reduce the risk and fear of
crime. A local group is formed to provide a means for residents to meet and develop a
supportive and secure environment for everyone, particularly the young, elderly and
disadvantaged. The group tries to prevent the occurrences of crime in the
neighbourhood by erecting signs to inform likely criminals that neighbours watch over
one another’s properties. Enhancing the safety features and appearance of the
neighbourhood can be an effective way to minimise burglaries and car crime in the local
area.
Neighbourhood Support provides a common voice for dealing with local issues such as
graffiti, traffic problems, play areas and street lighting issues. Of course, not everyone in
the street will want to join. Only those who want protection and support are included.
Groups vary in size from three to ten homes within sight of one another. There is no cost
involved and the area coordinator keeps everyone up to date with what is happening in
the community. Information kits are provided to help set up each group. Usually one
member is nominated to be the group contact but this role can be shared.
Neighbourhood Support can also help people to deal with and survive a civil emergency,
such as an earthquake or a flood, by being prepared as a group.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
2 … ………… and old people. Usually, 3 …………… are put up and the safety aspects of the
neighbourhood are improved.
An organised group of Neighbourhood Support residents are also better able to cope with
various types of 7…………… .
Three
types
of
behaviour
can
result
in
the
suspension
of
a
student
from
school.
Often
it
may
be
a
combination
of
two
or
even
all
three:
v Gross
misconduct
that
is
damaging
or
dangerous
–
a
very
serious
one-‐off
incident
v A
pattern
of
disobedience
that
is
a
harmful
or
dangerous
example
to
other
students
v There
is
the
likelihood
of
someone
being
seriously
hurt
if
the
offending
student
is
not
removed
When
a
student
has
misbehaved,
the
disciplinary
process
gets
underway
with
an
investigation
by
the
principal
of
what
actually
happened.
Suspension
does
not
inevitably
follow,
even
if
school
rules
have
been
violated.
It
depends
on
whether
any
of
the
points
mentioned
above
can
be
proven.
The
outcome
of
the
enquiry
could
be
that
the
student
stays
at
school,
but
with
some
form
of
punishment
such
as
cleaning
the
grounds
or
detention.
However,
students
cannot
be
detained
outside
school
hours
without
parental
consent.
For
serious
misdemeanours,
there
are
several
options.
The
first
is
a
stand-‐down:
removal
from
school
for
a
fixed
period
of
not
more
than
five
days
per
school
term
or
ten
days
per
year.
The
parents
have
to
be
notified
and
given
the
reasons
in
writing.
The
second
option
is
suspension.
The
principal
decides
to
suspend
the
student
from
school
until
the
board
of
governors
meets
to
discuss
the
case.
Parents
must
be
kept
fully
informed
and
will
be
given
all
the
information
that
the
board
will
consider.
Generally,
the
board
will
meet
within
ten
days
and
the
parents
have
the
right
to
be
at
the
meeting,
with
or
without
a
support
person,
and
to
be
heard
by
the
board
before
a
decision
is
made.
If
the
board
decides
to
exclude
a
student
who
is
under
sixteen,
the
principal
must
try
to
arrange
for
enrolment
in
another
school.
Expulsion
is
the
harshest
punishment,
but
it
can
only
apply
to
students
aged
sixteen
or
over.
In
such
cases,
there
is
no
obligation
on
the
principal
to
find
another
school.
It
should
be
noted
that
school
discipline
is
not
confined
to
misbehaviour
in
the
school
itself,
but
can
extend
to
school
trips,
school
buses,
even
downtown
–
if
the
student
is
in
school
uniform.
Questions 8–14
9 A student can be suspended even if no one has actually been harmed yet.
Congratulations! You’ve made it to the interview stage! Now is your opportunity to show
that you have the skills, experience and personal attributes necessary for the job. Before
the interview, do your research. Learn more about the public profile of the organisation
and its products or services. You could do this through the internet, company brochures
or business publications. Talk to anyone you know who has worked for the organisation.
Predict what the interviewer might ask and prepare possible answers by reviewing the
application form, the information package (if one was supplied) and the job description.
Boost your self-assurance by practising mock interviews with a friend or family member.
Have your physical evidence organised and ready to show the employer. He or she will
want to sight original documents: diplomas and certificates (with official translations),
work or residence visas (if applicable), etc.
Finally, prepare a neat and tidy outfit and decide how you will get to the interview on the
day. It is a good idea to make a contingency plan for unforeseen events – in any case,
allow for extra time so that you are not rushed. Avoid becoming flustered at the actual
interview by anticipating all sorts of eventualities. For example, you may be asked to take
a test of some kind (a skills or aptitude test for instance); you may be asked to solve a
hypothetical problem, take part in a group activity or confront a whole panel of
interviewers instead of just one.
Good luck!
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Research:
• Find out more about the company by using 15 ……………, reading published
material or talking to people.
• Set up 16 …………… to see the workplace. Present yourself well.
• How will you answer questions? Arrange 18 …………… to gain more confidence.
• Sort out all your 19 …………… for the employer to inspect.
On the day:
• Dress neatly.
• Set off for the interview with plenty of time to spare and have a 20 …………… in case
something unexpected happens.
• Stay calm – anticipate possible requests
Work Emails
A
Email
is
extensively
used
as
a
tool
for
communication
at
work.
However,
the
number
of
emails
office
workers
receive
every
day
is
overwhelming.
Therefore,
consider
firstly
whether
the
email
you
are
about
to
write
is
necessary
or
even
the
best
way
to
communicate.
A
telephone
call
or
instant
messaging
is
more
appropriate
for
a
back-‐and-‐forth
dialogue,
and
reports
of
a
potentially
distressing
nature
should
always
be
delivered
in
person
if
possible.
B A
well-‐written
subject
line
should
be
concise,
ideally
no
more
than
6–8
words
(so
that
the
entire
subject
line
can
be
read
on
a
mobile
device
as
well
as
an
ordinary
computer
screen).
It
should
highlight
the
most
important
information.
A
quick
glance
at
their
inbox
will
be
enough
for
the
addressee
to
get
your
message
–
if
they
do
not
need
to
waste
time
opening
the
email,
use
EOM
(End
of
Message)
to
indicate
all
the
information
is
in
the
subject
line.
Example:
Marketing
meeting
9.00
a.m.
Friday
13th
EOM.
C
If
you
do
need
to
write
a
message,
keep
it
straightforward
and
to
the
point.
If
you
must
communicate
several
different
but
related
items,
consider
using
numbered
paragraphs
or
bullet
points
where
you
can
chunk
information
into
separate,
well-‐structured
segments.
A
different
topic
is
best
covered
in
a
separate
email
permitting
the
recipient
to
respond
to
one
topic
at
a
time.
If
you
want
the
recipient
to
do
something,
make
this
clear.
If
you
are
merely
informing
the
reader
of
something,
use
FYI
(For
Your
Information)
in
the
subject
or
as
a
preface
to
the
first
sentence.
D
Emails
are
not
necessarily
less
formal
than
traditional
letters
–
they
will
reflect
your
professionalism,
so
be
polite.
They
could
also
be
printed
and
distributed
to
colleagues;
therefore,
avoid
informal
language,
slang,
emoticons
and
inappropriate
abbreviations,
such
as
LOL
and
others
commonly
used
in
casual
text
messages.
Although
it
is
good
to
be
succinct,
pay
attention
to
your
choice
of
words
and
sentence
length
or
your
intention
might
be
misinterpreted.
You
could
unwittingly
convey
a
tone
of
annoyance
by
appearing
terse
when
you
are
aiming
to
appear
concise
and
economical.
E
Begin
your
email
with
a
greeting.
Choose
a
level
of
formality
to
reflect
your
relationship
with
the
reader.
Intra-‐company
or
peer-‐to-‐peer
communications
are
generally
less
formal
than
messages
to
outside
businesses.
It
is
also
polite
to
finish
with
an
appropriate
closing
and
signature.
Use
your
full
name
and
title
for
formal
emails.
A
first
name
only
is
sufficient
for
colleagues
with
whom
you
are
familiar.
You
may
also
want
to
include
contact
information
–
this
can
be
part
of
your
customised
automatic
signature.
Finally,
carefully
proofread
your
emails
before
you
hit
the
‘send’
button.
Write the correct letter, A–E, in boxes 21–27 on your answer sheet.
26 a time-saving tip
LIE DETECTION –
How to spot a liar
Native English speakers all have their own style of speech, influenced by factors such
as where they live and their socioeconomic status. Yet Pamela Myer reveals in her
book Liespotting that when people tell lies, their verbal and non-verbal behaviours are
nearly universal.
Liars reveal themselves through various verbal tactics. They will use statement
structure to avoid answering questions or to deflect suspicion. A parrot statement,
repeating a question verbatim, is used to stall for time in order to think up a suitable
response. If someone genuinely wants to clarify a question, she might choose to repeat
a key word or two but rarely the entire question. Beware, also, the dodgeball statement
– the suspect ignores the question just asked and, instead, tosses one straight back at
you. Then there is what Myer calls the guilt-trip statement, a device that puts the
enquirer on the defensive. The liar feigns offence and hopes that you will forget the
question while you defend yourself against his accusation of unfairness or prejudice.
Another tactic for deception is the protest statement. This is when the suspect avoids a
direct response to a question by listing his favourable assets and deeds so that you will
think he is incapable of wrongdoing. The too little or too much statement is just that.
The culprit will attempt to skirt the question by offering too little information or by
being effusive – offering a wordy explanation but managing to avoid answering the
question.
A bolstering statement contains a phrase that adds emphasis in an attempt to sound
more credible and sincere: “To be honest, I have no idea how the item got damaged.”
Listen also for the qualifying phrase that people use to protect themselves from
reproach or responsibility: “As far as I recall, …”. If a religious phrase is used to
bolster a statement, for instance: “Honest to God, I didn’t touch her purse”, the
speaker is most likely a hypocrite, because an honest person does not need to appeal to
God or religion for support.
Distancing statements are highly characteristic of deceptive speech. A deceiver will
avoid using first person pronouns (I, me, myself) in order to literally keep himself
completely out of the statement. He will also avoid using first names and, where
possible, use language that depersonalises another person, for example: “I don’t know
what that woman said.” Euphemism, substituting a mild or vague term for a harsher
one, is another means of distancing the speaker from the action. “I did not pocket the
money" instead of “I didn’t steal the money”.
Verbal leaks are said to occur when the mental burden of sustaining a lie becomes too
much. The liar may ‘um’ and ‘ah’ too much or make grammar mistakes and other
Write the correct letter, A–I, in boxes 28–32 on your answer sheet.
D to clarify a question
F to delay answering
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on the previous
pages?
33 Liars would rather give too little than too much information.
34 Liars use qualifying statements if they need to take responsibility for their mistakes.
35 Truthful people are less likely to bolster their statements with religious phrases.
36 A slip of the tongue is an accidental error that could expose a hidden belief.
37 The statement: “I was not in the office after hours” contains which of the following
verbal clues?
A a filler
B impersonal language
C a non-contracted denial
D a euphemism
A vocal quality
B verbal leaks
C attitude
D body language
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
• Preferential regular-user rates — once you have used our service 10 times, you
become a “loyal customer” and enjoy an 8% discount on all bookings
• A $5 rebate on all online bookings (accommodation only)
• Guaranteed fixed prices (non-members must pay a higher ‘casual’ rate which
can change without notice)
• Deals and discounts on transport and activities (if booked through our website)
Remember: Registration is free — there are no hidden fees or commissions.
However, there is a $20 processing fee for replacement of a lost or stolen card.
Working holiday: BPA can assist you with this. We can advise you on travel,
insurance, what to pack and what to expect. We can also help you find work close to
the hostel of your choice by setting up interviews with local employers. We’ll also
arrange for you to attend at least one social event where you can meet fellow
travellers and some of the residents from the area.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on the previous
page?
5 BPA members who frequently use the hostels pay less than the normal fee.
All applicants will have to show two forms of identification and pass an eye exam. There also
is a compulsory driving course, the cost of which must be borne by the driver.
Special licences of this class include:
o Provisional Licence: For ages 16 to 18. Drivers on this licence are subject to
several restrictions. Drivers must not drive after 8 pm, and are required to have
a fully-licensed adult in the car at all times. The driver may apply to transfer to
a full licence after attaining 18 years of age, provided he or she has a clean
record.
• Commercial Licences
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
8. People who want a personal vehicle licence must pay for a ……………. .
10. Motorcycle drivers who attend a special class can get a discount on their
……………………………….
11. People who ride ……………………. on back roads or off-road do not need a
licence.
13. Anyone who charges money for driving people in a private car must show a
special ……………….
14. Commercial drivers have to wait for a ………………….. to get their full licence.
Questions 15–20
Becoming an employer
Running a small business is a rewarding but challenging endeavour, and one of the major
challenges is hiring staff once your business starts to grow.
What kind of employee would suit your business needs? You’ll need to evaluate the typical
workload your business operates under, and whether this work is steady. Permanent staff
can be employed full or part time, but you’ll need to ensure that there is ongoing work into
the foreseeable future and that your business can take on the further cost of entitlements
such as sick leave, annual leave and parental leave. As an employer, you’ll be legally
required to provide these, as well as health and safety training. You’ll need to specify their
hours of work, wages and details of their role in advance, and prepare a contract for both
parties to sign.
Your business may not be ready to take on such a long-term responsibility, especially if you
only require help during big projects or holiday rushes. In this case, you might consider hiring
a fixed-term employee. Remember, though, that after a certain number of fixed-term
contracts with the same employee, the law requires you to make the position permanent. If
you are not sure how long the term of employment will be, construct the contract carefully to
ensure you can terminate the employee at any time, allowing the legally-required two weeks’
notice, of course.
Alternatively, you could take on a casual worker, who can be employed on an ad-hoc basis,
covering just the days that you cannot manage alone, though you’ll need to offer a higher
hourly rate, called casual loading, to compensate for the lack of regularity.
If your current budget does not permit hiring another member of staff, you could consider
using an intern. However, interns are not just a source of free labour. You must be able to
provide experience that benefits them in some way, such as by learning a new skill.
Agreements of this sort can legally extend to 12 months, but while you will have to stipulate
the duration of the internship, the interns themselves are permitted to resign at any time
without giving notice.
All workers must be given a contract, no matter whether they are permanent, fixed-term,
casual or even interns.
Look at the following statements and the list of employee types below.
15 They cannot work for more than one year.
Employee types
A permanent employees
B fixed-term employees
C casual employees
D interns
Questions 21–27
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i–x, in boxes 21–27 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
21 Section A _____
22 Section B _____
23 Section C _____
24 Section D _____
25 Section E _____
26 Section F _____
27 Section G _____
D Protesters argue that the culling is extreme and unnecessary because the
actual risk of death by shark is very slim, and the practice of tagging sharks and
equipping them with transmitters is enough to alert swimmers when sharks are
near. When a tagged shark comes within one kilometre of a beach it ‘tweets’ a
message (via the Surf Lifesaving WA Twitter feed) giving its type (e.g. bull shark),
location, date and time.
G Once the science was converted into practical wetsuit design, two ideas
emerged. The first model, using the banding concept, presents a highly disruptive
profile to the shark, and depicts the wearer as dangerous and unpalatable. This one
is suitable for swimmers/surfers on the surface where they would otherwise provide
a tempting, backlit silhouette. The second model, the cryptic wetsuit, consists of
three panels on the suit, one or more matching the reflective spectra of the water
and the other creating a confusing profile. This one is better suited to scuba
enthusiasts, making them virtually indiscernible in the water column.
H It was very difficult to test these wetsuits because, for obvious reasons, the
researchers could not use humans or even humanoid shapes as bait. Therefore, they
wrapped perforated drums full of bait in the newly designed neoprene skins and
used underwater cameras to watch how the sharks interacted with the prototype. As
a control model, they used a rig wrapped in plain black neoprene just like a normal
wetsuit. They were able to record a tiger shark circling and hunting the test rig for
six minutes, trying to find what it could smell and sense but not see. Then the shark
gave up and ripped into the control rig as soon as it encountered it. They watched a
great white shark encounter a control rig, go to the bottom, then come straight up
and strike it, whereas it was more apprehensive and reluctant to go for the test rig.
Write the correct letter, A–I, in boxes 28–36 on your answer sheet.
28 an example of water sport equipment that can use the new wetsuit design
Questions 37–40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on the previous
page?
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
• Know
your
rights.
Before
you
complain,
find
out
your
legal
rights
–
the
Citizens
Advice
Bureau
(CAB)
is
a
good
source
for
this
kind
of
information.
• If
possible
and
practical,
talk
to
the
same
person
you
dealt
with
in
the
first
place
–
the
problem
could
just
be
the
result
of
a
misunderstanding
or
an
honest
mistake
that
might
be
settled
without
too
much
effort.
• Act
now
while
the
facts
are
fresh
in
your
memory.
There
may
be
a
time
limit
for
making
a
complaint.
• Be
fair
and
reasonable
when
you
ask
for
the
situation
to
be
put
right
–
make
your
request
proportionate
to
the
problem.
• Collect
the
evidence,
especially
any
faulty
merchandise
or
parts.
Keep
a
paper
trail,
i.e.
all
the
written
records
of
any
transactions,
correspondence,
receipts,
quotes,
accounts,
contracts,
etc.,
while
waiting
for
the
issue
to
be
resolved.
• Prepare
your
tactics.
Practise
what
you
want
to
say.
Consider
taking
a
support
person
along
in
the
case
of
a
face-‐to-‐face
encounter.
Above
all,
remain
composed.
• Be
polite.
Do
not
get
drawn
into
a
heated
quarrel
–
either
withdraw
or
ask
to
speak
to
a
higher
authority
(perhaps
a
manager
or
supervisor).
• If
the
matter
is
still
not
resolved,
write
a
formal
letter
of
complaint
and
pass
it
to
a
third
party
such
as
a
complaints
service.
The
CAB
can
direct
you
to
the
most
appropriate
service
for
your
complaint.
• Exchange
contact
details
so
the
other
parties
involved
can
get
in
touch
with
you
to
follow
up
on
the
matter
and
so
that
you
can
contact
them
again
if
necessary.
• Always
obtain
the
final
decision
in
writing
if
it
was
made
over
the
phone
or
in
person.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Making a complaint
⎯ Speak to the same person – he or she may have made 1……………….. that
⎯ Keep track of poor quality goods and save all 3 ……………….. until the problem
is sorted.
IDENTITY CRIME
Identity crime is a generic term used to describe offences in which someone uses a
fabricated or fictitious identity, a manipulated identity (the alteration of one’s own identity)
or a stolen identity to commit a crime. The third of these, identity theft, knows no
geographical boundaries and is on the increase as more people conduct business and social
interactions over the internet. This type of crime produces substantial profits for criminals
and causes extensive economic losses to governments, private corporations and individuals.
Much of the money lost by individuals stems from credit card fraud, identity theft and scams.
However, what worries law enforcement agencies the most is how identity crime facilitates
serious and organised crime, with distressing effects on society as a whole. Identity crime is a
major problem, made more difficult to investigate and solve as the offender can be on one
side of the world and the victim on the other.
There are some simple steps you can take to reduce the risk of having your personal
information stolen or misused. Only give out personal information over the phone or internet
if you have initiated the call or the transaction and can verify that the person or organisation
is legitimate. Never record PIN numbers for bankcards anywhere inside your purse or wallet.
Secure your letterbox with a lock and clear your mail regularly. Burn or shred documents
with personal information or store them in a secure place, and wipe your computer hard drive
if you are selling it. Make sure the virus and security software on your computer or mobile
device is up-to-date and don’t use public computers or unsecured wireless hotspots (such as
those at a library or internet café) for internet banking. Always check bank and credit card
statements for unauthorised transactions and report any discrepancies to the bank promptly.
Don’t respond to scam emails or letters that promise a prize or reward if you provide bank
account details to the senders to enable them to ‘deposit’ the money.
Always use the most secure settings and keep a tight rein on how much private
information you post on publicly accessible networking sites. Remember, also, that
information on the internet can remain accessible even if the original posting is removed.
9 Individuals lose more money through identity crime than businesses or governments.
When
you
make
a
business
presentation
using
PowerPoint
or
a
flip
chart,
the
audience’s
attention
will
mostly
be
on
the
slides
or
chart.
When
you
give
a
talk
without
props,
the
only
visual
you
have
is
yourself.
Obviously,
the
content
is
a
key
part
of
the
presentation,
and
you
will
work
on
that
until
it
is
word
perfect.
However,
a
successful
delivery
is
also
governed
by
your
body
language.
Body
language
(gesture,
stance
and
facial
expression)
is
a
key
element
in
generating
interest
and
building
credibility.
It
helps
you
connect
with
your
listeners
and
helps
them
focus
on
your
message.
Use
body
language
with
purpose
to
accentuate
key
points
of
your
talk
and
to
project
authenticity
and
enthusiasm.
Use
eye
contact
to
quickly
establish
a
close
bond,
by
focusing
on
one
person
at
a
time
rather
than
sweeping
the
audience
as
a
whole.
Hand
gestures
should
either
be
open
and
neutral
(relaxed
at
your
sides)
or
defined
and
strong
to
intensify
what
you
say.
Interestingly,
research
has
shown
that
gesture
is
intrinsically
linked
to
speech
and
that
by
incorporating
appropriate
gestures
we
can
express
ourselves
more
powerfully
verbally.
Effective
gestures
come
from
the
shoulders
rather
than
wrists
or
elbows
and
have
a
twofold
advantage:
not
only
do
they
project
further
across
the
audience
but
they
also
release
tension
in
the
presenter’s
upper
body.
Your
stance
is
an
open
book:
the
audience
can
read
whether
you
are
confident
and
comfortable
or
anxious
and
afraid.
Balance
your
weight
evenly
with
feet
slightly
apart
and
pointing
straight
ahead.
Stillness
projects
calmness,
whereas
constant
movement
or
swaying
about
is
an
annoying
distraction.
You
can
occasionally
move
around
in
the
space
available
to
you
as
long
as
you
do
so
confidently
and
purposefully,
to
highlight
a
change
in
topic
for
instance.
Lean
slightly
towards
the
audience
when
asking
a
question
or
offering
a
revelation.
Facial
expressions
are
vital
to
effective
communication.
Unfortunately,
public
speaking
can
cause
a
face
to
freeze,
but
the
audience
relies
on
facial
expressions
to
amplify
the
meaning
of
what
you
say.
Voice,
too,
is
a
flexible
tool
that
can
be
used
to
great
advantage.
Before
your
presentation,
practise
relaxing
the
voice
and
finding
a
lower,
more
authoritative
pitch.
Avoid
rising
intonation
at
the
ends
of
sentences
as
it
lacks
authority
–
rather
it
sounds
as
if
you
are
unsure
or
seeking
approval
–
not
at
all
the
impression
you
want
to
give.
Breathe
deeply
and
enunciate
clearly.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
15 A successful presentation without props depends on both ……………….. and delivery.
16 Body language must have clear objectives – to highlight ……………….. of the discussion
and show that you are keen and sincere.
19 Movement of the ……………….. is more easily seen and it makes the speaker more
relaxed.
21 Use facial expressions to reinforce meaning and lower the pitch of your voice in order to
sound ……………….. .
.
• Identify principal clients and stakeholders and determine the most effective means of
transmitting promotional information to them.
• Write press releases; make information available for media kits; develop and keep company
internet and intranet pages up to date.
• Write speeches for company executives and set up interviews for them with the media.
• Coordinate special events including sponsorships and promotion of new products with a
view to gaining media and public attention.
Activities:
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Duties/tasks include:
Activities include:
• gathering information
• maintaining positive relationships
• interacting with others in person, in writing, or by way of 25 ………………..
• computing
Skills/Abilities include:
Experience/education includes:
• University degree
• English and a foreign language
• Media – all types
• Administration and office systems
Bioremediation
A Global energy needs will probably increase by 30% over the next ten years and, at
present, 40% of the world’s energy is consumed by buildings. One way to make buildings
more energy efficient is to insulate them and minimise fresh air exchange. However, reduced
air circulation causes a phenomenon known as Sick Building Syndrome when combined with
the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by modern materials used in office blocks,
furnishings and high-tech equipment, along with human bio-effluents. Eye irritation, skin
rashes, sinus and respiratory problems, headaches and drowsiness are common symptoms.
The VOCs are not only noxious but carcinogenic, with long-term exposure heightening one’s
risk of cancer.
C Wolverton found that, apart from absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen as
all plants do, some plants are able remove considerable amounts of VOCs. They do this by
absorption through tiny openings (stomata) on their leaves, but roots and microorganisms
living in the potting soil or other growing medium are also important in the removal of toxins
from the air. Most of the plants used by Wolverton originated in the understory of subtropical
or tropical forests, with their particular leaf composition enabling them to photosynthesise in
reduced sunlight. This ability is what allows them to thrive indoors away from direct
sunshine. One largish plant for approximately every ten square metres of home or office
space is suggested as an operational ratio.
D The strategy of using indoor plants as air purifiers has not been widely endorsed
because of a lack of quantifiable outcomes. This could be changing, however. Recent studies
at the University of Technology in Sydney have shown that certain plants on Wolverton’s
list, namely Dracaena deremensis ‘Janet Craig’ and the peace lily Spathiphyllum wallisii,
reduced pollution levels to negligible levels when placed in offices with high quantities of
VOCs.
E Building on the NASA experiments and with the help of the Indian Institutes of
Technology and The Energy and Resources Institute, Kamal Meattle of New Delhi has trialed
several of Wolverton’s recommended plant species at his workplace. He used 1,200 plants for
300 occupants (four waist- to shoulder-high plants per person) in a twenty-year-old building
measuring some 4,600 square metres. Results of this experiment showed elevated blood
oxygen levels in the occupants and reduced incidences of eye irritation, as well as a marked
reduction in respiratory system disorders and headaches. Since the installation of the plants,
the labour force has increased productivity by over 20% and energy requirements for the
F The areca palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens), native to the island of Madagascar, has
a smooth silver-green trunk and feathery-shaped fronds. A sensitive plant, it needs year-round
care with the right amount of bright but indirect light. The soil should be kept a little moist in
spring and summer but allowed to dry slightly in autumn and winter. The areca favours a
snug container – the crowded root system will limit the size of the palm; if unrestricted, it
may grow as tall as six metres. The areca palm has been proven effective in the removal of
toluene (in new carpet, paints and varnishes) and xylene (a potent neurotoxin found in marker
pens, paints and varnishes).
I Popular minimalist architecture mostly did away with indoor plants but, as a result of
research by Dr Wolverton and others, they are making a comeback. After all, in the words of
Margaret Burchett of the University of Technology in Sydney: “Potted plants can provide an
efficient, self-regulating, low-cost, sustainable bioremediation system for indoor air
pollution.” Plants have even more in their favour: they balance indoor humidity, are pleasing
on the eye and, according to a recently published article, “plants relieve physiological stress
and negative psychological symptoms”.1
1
Journal of Physiological Anthropology 2015, 34:21
30 research which tested the bioremediation effects of two different plant species
37 It is delicate
A Areca palm
B Snake plant
C Money plant
Question 40
Which of the following ideas is NOT mentioned in the last paragraph of the passage?
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
Questions 1–7
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, on your answer sheet for questions 1-7.
List of Headings
5. Why they are becoming popular with folks from other cities / countries.
A. Fighting back against the growing popularity in online shopping, malls are attracting
customers to physically come to them for more than the shopping experience itself.
The attraction of great food to be tried is one way of doing so.
B. Food Courts are almost always located on the top floor of the mall, accessed by a trio
of elevators, lifts and stairwells. From time to time however, these may be located in
the basement of the shopping centre.
C These modern eating areas are typically an open-plan layout whereby the multitude
of food outlets are located along the outside walls of a large open space, with
plentiful tables and chairs placed in the spacious interior.
D The food choices range from Korean barbecue bars to Japanese sushi stalls, from
boiled dumplings and steamed filled buns to bubbling hot pots and soup vendors.
More often than not nowadays, Western style options are available too offering
sumptuous steaks.
E The process of purchasing your meal is straightforward. Firstly, purchase a food card
from the cashier topped up with the amount of money you intend to spend and then
make your order directly at the specific food vendor who will swipe your card. Wait
patiently, then they will shout out your receipt number and you collect the delicious
delights cooked up from the vendor once again.
F Foreign visitors and out-of-town day-trippers are easily drawn to these eating
establishments for a couple of reasons; firstly being they offer up a wide range of
eating options to try at affordable prices; and secondly that they are extremely simple
to use for those who cannot comprehend the local language.
G There may be one or two drawbacks of using these places of course; one of which
being they are often bustling and boisterous places packed with numerous diners;
secondly, food hygiene cannot always be guaranteed.
H Overall, it is safe to say that the benefits of these food courts far outweigh some
potential and occasional drawbacks, and that the popularity of these eating
establishments are certain to grow in the future.
1. Compose Slides
Keep the design very basic and simple so that it shall not be distracting.
2. Use Consistency
Consistently use the same font face and sizes on all slides and also match colours.
You may use your company logo, highlight headers, or create a special frame for
figures/images.
3. Use Contrast
Black text on a white background will always be the best but also the most boring
choice.
If you want to play with colours, keep it easy on the eyes and always keep good
contrast in mind so that your readers do not have to strain.
4. Apply Brilliance
Match colours for design and good contrast to highlight your message.
Keywords only are required, and there is no real need for sentences!
Remember that your slides are only there to support, not to replace your talk!
7. Add Images
8. Don’t Be Silly
Animations can draw attention precisely to a certain point that needs clarification.
Your target i.e. your audience, defines the content of your presentation.
Consider carefully their needs and simplify your slides down to the very essentials.
In your talk, describe the essentials colourfully and choose your tools appropriately
i.e. text, images and animations wisely.
If you lose the attention of your audience, everything will be pointless— it won’t
matter how clever your design is or how brilliantly you picked colours and keywords.
10. Practice
A well-prepared and enthusiastic talk will help you convince your audience and
maintain their attention.
Please indicate:
A. May
B. Must
C. Must not
Write your answers in the boxes provided on your answer sheet for questions 8-13
13. Keep eye contact at all times with the members in the room
Questions 14-20
Read the text below and state what activity session each of the individuals should choose
based on the information given in the table.
Followed by fruit.
Benny is fan of all kinds of music. He is not so keen on listening to recorded music however,
and prefers to enjoy a performance delivered by musicians in person.
Justin loves nothing more than catching a classic from the early days of the big screen with
other like-minded enthusiasts. People who are keen to discuss what was seen afterwards
over snacks.
Brenda has a keen interest in baked goods of all kinds including desserts. She is competitive
and loves to show off her skills.
Sally is really an early bird, who is keen to remain in great shape doing gentle activities that
are good for her health, ones that keep her mind and body both sharp and toned.
Benjamin really is a guy who loves to compete and test his wits against others as part of a
group of friends. He likes to keep his brain sharp. His specialist knowledge is history and
geography.
Martin is fascinated and addicted to all games involving nets. He’ll be looking to play with his
lovely wife against other like-minded couples.
Tim is an avid follower of eating well, eating regularly and eating well-balanced nutritious
meals. He is however often pressed for time and would love to find ways to counter that.
Daniel loves nothing more than knowledge. He cannot get enough of learning new things
about the area where he is. In particular, he has a strong interest in birds and going hiking.
14. Justin.
15. Brenda.
16. Sally.
17. Benjamin.
18. Martin.
19. Tim.
20. Daniel.
Questions 21-26
Follow these simple rules to safely enjoy your experience at the Wildlife Park.
- You are advised to read carefully the safety instructions on the back of your ticket;
these include all fire exits and first aid stations.
- Never touch any animals unless accompanied by a park ranger on a guided tour.
- Guests are reminded that it is strictly forbidden for any animals to be given food or
drink under any circumstance, unless on a guided ranger tour.
- Food and drink brought in to the park by visitors can only be enjoyed in the clearly
marked picnic areas
- It is a requirement that all uneaten food items are disposed of in the yellow bins clearly
provided. Alternatively, you are required take them away with you.
- Double gate entrance points are to be used one gate at a time. (When one gate is
open, the other gate has to be closed, so as to prevent animals escaping from their
enclosure)
- Place all recyclable litter in the clearly marked purple circular bins and other litter can
be discarded in the brown square bins located beside them.
- Upon hearing the park fire alarm, follow the signs and immediately walk to the
nearest fire exit.
- It is essential to then remain in the fire assembly point outside of that exit gate.
- Running is not allowed in the park at any time, as it can be both hazardous and
distracting.
- Mobile phones must be set to a low ringing tone at all times so as to not panic any of
the animals.
21. Young children are welcomed in to the park provided that they are supervised by a
.
22. Apart from when under official guidance, the giving of edible items to any animals is
.
24. If guests do not use the coloured bin for disposing of their food waste, they have the option to
.
25. If medical assistance is required, one can approach a staff member, or one can find one of the
plentiful .
26. Next to the square brown trash cans, in the round ones available, people are supposed to
dispose of their .
Wind turbines are popping up around the world as an alternative source of energy, but
residents who live near them say the machines are making them sick.
Imagine the sound of a train going over a bridge, or a jet engine propeller slicing through the
air, even a bee stuck inside your ear.
These are the descriptions given by residents from New Zealand, Australia, and Great Britain,
all living near wind farms. What is seen by many people as a solution to the world’s growing
need for electricity has become, for these residents, a force so disruptive that they have had
to uproot their lives to find relief.
Wind turbine farms are quickly becoming a popular green energy alternative for many
countries, including the United States, Germany, and China. There are more than 3,000
onshore turbines in Britain alone, which increased its wind power capacity by nearly 25 percent
in 2011. During the same time period, Australia expanded its wind production capacity by more
than 11 percent. While organizations such as the World Wind Energy Association praise this
increase in wind farms as a positive development in “community energy,” those who live close
enough to them to hear their constant drone disagree.
One of those residents, Andreas, lived in Waterloo, South Australia, until last year. In October
2010, the gas and electricity provider TruEnergy installed a 37-turbine wind farm on a ridge
skirting his hometown. At the time, he says he was in favor of wind energy. “I was actually a
firm believer that wind turbines were going to be a good idea,” he says. “We were all for wind
power.”
However, his opinion changed when the blades started to spin at the Waterloo Wind Farm.
Within weeks, he says he and his family began to experience everything from heart problems
and sleep disturbances to a constant ringing in their ears. However, he didn’t immediately
associate his health problems with the new wind farm near his home.
It wasn’t until a conversation with his brother, who lived nearby, that he started to link the two.
“He got so angry with me for asking how he slept,” Andreas remembers. “I asked my sister-
in-law, and she said, ‘I haven’t slept for a week.’ I asked another neighbor, and he said the
same thing. At that point, I thought, ‘it’s not just me.’”
Looking for answers, he searched the Internet for information about the possible side effects
of wind turbines, and that’s when he came across the Web site of Dr. Nina Pierpont, a doctor
He and his neighbors erupted into stories of night sweats and constant headaches, revealing
that they had all experienced similar symptoms. After everyone was finished, she put her book
on the table and said, ‘This is happening in Victoria, too. But not just in Victoria. It’s happening
all over the world.’
That book was Wind Turbine Syndrome: A Report on a Natural Experiment. Pierpont, first
introduced the term “wind turbine syndrome” in 2006; she later published a book about it—the
same one on Andreas’s table—in 2009.
Pierpont’s research involved 38 residents in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom,
Ireland, and Italy. Her presentations on wind turbine syndrome have been widely debated
within the research and medical communities. The wind energy associations of Canada, the
United States, and Britain have all criticized her work, and a study conducted by a group of
researchers from The University of Salford in Manchester, England, concluded that there is
no such thing as wind turbine syndrome.
Dr. Hünerbein, who specializes in the study of wind profiles and acoustic technology, was one
of the five researchers who prepared that Salford University report, Research into
Aerodynamic Modulation of Wind Turbine Noise, which was commissioned by the British
Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs.
“There is no scientific evidence to date that there is a direct physiological connection between
wind turbine noise and health,” she explains. “Having said that, there are effects, and one is
sleep disturbance. The thing to point out here very strongly is the sleep disturbance and
annoyance can arise from any other noise just as well as wind turbine noise.”
Whether it can be scientifically proven that the noise from wind farms is detrimental to human
health is a debate that is likely to continue as wind energy increases globally. The Global Wind
Energy Council reports that by 2030 half of all the wind energy produced in the world will come
from countries that have just begun to embrace turbine-produced power.
Questions 31-36
31. The figures for Britain on its own from a few years ago, showed that a quarter of turbines were
constructed on wind farms in the sea off the coast.
32. All those who live near these wind farms have been affected and have set up roots elsewhere in
order to find a new peace.
33. Andreas immediately linked his new health issues with the nearby recently constructed wind farm.
34. Research was conducted by Andreas on the web in an attempt to discover potential negative
effects attributed to wind generating technology.
35. Criticism on the concept of wind turbine syndrome has come from many countries, including the
USA, Germany, Italy, Australia, New Zealand and China.
36. Approximately just over a decade later, 50% of energy from wind will be produced in those
locations just starting to use this technology.
Questions 35-40
Multiple Choice: Choose the most suitable option from the 4-options given.
Write the letter on your answer sheet for questions 39-40
39. When telling their stories, the symptoms felt by all those spoken to were described as
A. Immediate.
B. Changeable.
C. Consistent.
D. Similar.
40. Within the health industry and academic communities, her (Pierpont) findings at first were widely
A. Discussed.
B. Denied.
C. Studied.
D. Expanded.
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
A. Seaview BnB
Charming, quiet little bed and breakfast hotel directly opposite the beach.
Warm welcome from local husband and wife proprietors Bill and Jenny Pearce
guaranteed. Just £85 per room per night. Price includes half-board (2 meals).
B. Cosy Cottages
17th century cottages with thatched roof. Perfect for a genuine old-English
experience. Set in beautiful countryside on the outskirts of the town. Peaceful
environment. Self-catering. Available from just £400 per week.
Opportunities to get to know local people. 3-7 day stays in rooms in the homes
of local families at great rates. Be treated as one of the family. From just £30
per night. Meals available upon request at an additional rate.
No-frills hotel chain, great value for money. Clean, quiet, comfortable place to
relax after a long day of seeing the sights. Single, Double and 3-bed rooms.
Rooms available from £25 per night. Advance booking advisable. No breakfast.
Something for all ages! Wide range of clubs and activities, sports, fishing, even
a golf course. Only 10 minutes’ walk from the beach. Great value - from just
£300 per week for a 4-bed holiday trailer. Call us today!
F. Hostel Planet
Voted coolest place to stay in town by a national website last year. Great place
to get to know people from all over the world. Tours of the town and a whole
range of other activities available. Choice of 10-bed and 16-bed rooms. Beds
from £15 per night.
National 3-star hotel chain. Good value for money, including free parking and
breakfast. Spacious and quiet, and we are located close to the main beach. We
advise our guests to book early to avoid disappointment. Rooms from £70 per
night.
Look at the eight accommodation options in a seaside town, A-H, above and read the
descriptions of the people below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet
1 A family of four who want to stay somewhere with lots of different things for everyone to
do.
2 A wealthy retired couple who don’t mind spending a bit more when they travel on holiday.
3 A group of three overseas students who are travelling around the country together, and
want to keep their expenses down.
4 Two female friends from the U.S.A. who want to stay somewhere traditional.
5 A Canadian tourist traveling alone who likes to socialize with other travelers.
6 A couple of friends from India who are traveling around by hire car and like to stay
somewhere near to scenic spots.
7 A middle-aged man who likes to stay in a place which provides breakfast and dinner at no
extra charge.
VISIT TORQUAY!
Still deciding where to take the family for your summer holiday this year? Then look no
further than Torquay! Located around an east-facing natural harbour on the English channel,
the town is full of surprises, with its magnificent bay, palm trees and sweeping sandy
beaches.
Torquay is an absolute heaven for foodies with a collection of seriously good eating
experiences, from celebrated restaurants to award-winning fish and chips. You’ll love the
seafood diners with fish sourced from nearby Brixham’s famous Fish Market. Families are
well catered for with plenty of family friendly eateries just a short distance from the attractive
harbour.
The perfect place for families, the town has a huge number of sights and things to do. For
example Living Coasts, an amazing marine zoo next to the harbor with a pair of dolphins,
attracts visitors from all over the country. In addition, the world famous detective writer
Agatha Christie was born in Torquay and a walking trail and museum give fans a unique look
into her life story. Boat trips around the bay and to nearby Dartmouth, Waves Leisure Pool
and the amazing Kents Cavern, one of Europe’s top Stone Age cave sites, are just a few of
the other attractions.
The views from the lovely Royal Terrace Gardens are wonderful, with the magnificent new
lighted staircase a real treat after dark. From here, you can see right across the bay to
Brixham. Torquay is part of the English Riviera, a unique area whose natural beauty has real
‘wow’ factor.
The spectacular landscape around the town will make you want to explore further and there
are 22 miles of coastal footpath to enjoy. Take a stroll behind the famous Imperial Hotel and
you’ll enjoy delightful views of the coastline. Go for a walk in the other direction and you’ll
The town’s sheltered bay makes it perfect for a wide choice of activities including diving,
sailing, surfing and water skiing. Or why not just bring your bucket and spade and build a
giant sandcastle? Alternatively, just kick back and relax with a spot of sunbathing.
Evening Entertainment
The town comes alive in the evening with pretty lights all around the town. In addition to a
wealth of dining choices, there’s a great range of entertainment options. You can enjoy a
non-stop party in the popular clubs, or why not book a top quality show at the Princess
Theatre, one of many around the Bay?
So, what are you waiting for? Visit Torquay! TIME LIMITS
Competitors who do not complete within the times listed below will be disqualified from the
race.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Torquay is a coastal town in the U.K. with a famous 8._________which attracts many boats.
The town has a good selection of places to eat out; 9._____________is a local delicacy.
There are a lot of places for families, such as the 10._____________which has a lot of sea
creatures.
With such a long coast, it’s a good idea to go 12.__________ to enjoy more attractive views.
If you don’t feel like doing anything active then 13. ____________ is a good choice.
In the evening, there are numerous 14.__________where you can see a live performance.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
15. The fact that emails are easily _____________ is one reason why structure is important.
As a buyer, do not disclose your budget or other limitations in your negotiating position. You
want the best product you can get for your money, so employ an approach that maintains
the possibility of spending less than you had originally planned. Always have something to
trade without hurting your position. For example, consider including some nice-to-have
items that aren't critical to the success of the project. If the buyer takes those out to reduce
the overall cost, you haven't lost anything but it may help them to reach their price target.
Such distractions will help to divert the other party from attacking the meat of your proposal.
Watch for clues such as body movement, speech patterns and reactions to what you say.
Be prepared to suspend or cancel proceedings if you feel things are getting nowhere or the
other party seems stuck in their position. If they are on the hook to cut a deal, they will feel
the pressure to move. Be patient even if the other party isn't. This can be difficult for those
with a passion for instant gratification, but the last thing you want is for the other party to
think you're in a hurry to conclude negotiations.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer. There may be more than one
possible answer.
A. There is an English word used with such regularity the world over that it doesn’t
need to be spoken - a simple hand gesture will suffice. So well-known is the word
that it surprises many to learn that it did not exist until 200 years ago. It is the word
‘OK’.
B. From its early days the term has always been used informally, which may
explain the variations in its spelling that have come about over the years. While
some publications prefer ‘okay’, others prefer ‘OK’, ‘O.K.’, ‘ok’ or ‘o.k.’. There has
never been any consensus on whether it should be written as a full word or in
shortened form; whether certain letters should be large or small; or whether there is
a need for full stops after each letter. How the word is presented to readers in print
has thus depended on the in-house style choices made by specific magazines,
newspapers and institutions.
C. Numerous possible explanations have been proposed for how OK entered the
English language, but a common thread linking these theories is that it most likely
originated in the U.S.A. during the early nineteenth century. An account that is
accepted by many language experts is that it was originally one of a number of
humorous abbreviations used by newspaper journalists and editors. For instance,
‘NG’ meant ‘no go’, while ‘OK’ was based on ‘all correct’ (‘Ol Korrect’). Another
theory traces the source of the word back to slaves from West Africa; the word ‘o
ke’.
D. The word first rooted itself in public consciousness in the U.S.A. during 1840
Presidential election. The Democratic presidential candidate was Martin Van Buren,
and on the campaign trail it was considered that having a Dutch name might prove a
challenge. Consequently, one of his backers, the former President Jackson,
suggested the nickname ‘OK’, which is likely to have been a reference to the
candidate’s home town, ‘Old’ Kinderhook. Thereafter, following the nationwide
publicizing of the term in such a high profile event by a former U.S. President, OK
became a popular expression across the land.
E. ‘OK’ has gone on to become a word which can fulfil a variety of functions in both
written and spoken communication. For example, it can be utilised as an adjective to
mean both ‘good’ and ‘not so good’ (such as, It’s OK, but I still prefer the other one).
It can also be an adverb (The interview went OK). More recently, it has even been
used as a noun (The boss gave his OK) and as a verb (She has okayed the colour).
It is also commonly uttered while listening to another person speaking, to indicate
that one is following the message.
F. The meaning the word conveys depends greatly on tone used. Someone might
yell, ‘OK!’ In a manner that shows excitement, while, in contrast, teenagers often
use it in an irritated voice to intimate forcefully that their sensitivities have been
offended. Adding to its versatility, ‘OK’ might suggest an explicit willingness to take
action, but on the other hand might also express vagueness. For example, one
might say it to acknowledge that one has heard something, while the other party
G. With the global spread of English during the twentieth century, ‘OK’ has become
a universal tool of communication. It is one of the first English words that people
learn, and is not only used when communicating with native speakers, but has also
been incorporated into many other languages. These developments can be
attributed to the influence of English-language, especially American, media
worldwide. It is certainly very unusual for an American movie or television show with
a contemporary setting to avoid the term, and it is also commonly heard in the song
lyrics of music fashionable with young people.
H. Even in places where no English is spoken, the ‘OK’ gesture has generally
become a universally recognized symbol, made by connecting the thumb and index
finger into a circle (the ‘O’) and holding the other three fingers straight and relaxed in
the air (the ‘K’). However, the sign may also have adverse meanings – for example
that the other person is a ‘zero’ (nothing). This means it should be used carefully in
an unfamiliar culture. As the world’s most commonly-used word, it will usually be
safer and more effective to speak first, if you want to make sure things go ‘OK’.
Write the appropriate letters, A-H, in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.
Questions 34-37
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
34. One theory about the word ‘OK’ is that it was based on which two words?
35. The 1840 U.S. Presidential Candidate Martin Van Buren was nicknamed ‘O.K.’ for what
reason?
39. The reason the word ‘OK’ became so commonly-used after the 1840 election was that
A with so many people arriving in the country it was a simple and easy word to use
40. The word ‘OK’ can sometimes express an attitude of vagueness because
B the way in which the word is used depends on the mood of the speaker
D the listener might just be showing that they understand the message
Time 1 hour
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.
You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.
1
© British Council. All rights reserved.
Each question carries one mark.
A)
FIRST MONTH FREE
$2995/month, 130 m2
B)
$1400/month - 92 m2 - No Security Deposit
This large studio is one open area. There is a kitchen and a shared laundry machine is included.
Large window in the front of the room. Huge closet; new stove; air conditioning. Tenant pays electric
& gas. Parking available. Bus stop, all major lines, just steps away. Landlord lives in the building.
C)
2
$3225/month - 185 m
Luxury living available now! Top floor with private 27 m2 roof space. Live near all the great restaurants, clubs
and theaters. Newer construction with gorgeous features including high ceilings.
Large master bedroom with two large closets. Bedrooms two and three have one closet each. Garage parking
space included!
2
© British Council. All rights reserved.
$1795/month - 139 m2
D)
Beautiful, fully re-decorated 2-bedroom shared house in the suburbs. Close to Harmony
primary academy. Covered parking, laundry in the basement, free storage closet. Rent
includes utilities. You pay for rubbish removal. Convenient to shopping centers and the
airport. Older couple live downstairs. Please no noise after 9pm.
$6750/month
E)
This stunning, five-bedroom lake house
was designed with many green
components. Other features include:
exposed steel beams and concrete floors.
Lower level includes massive home
entertainment/media/exercise room. 3
car attached garage. Boat dock included
for an extra fee. Pets ok.
3
© British Council. All rights reserved.
Questions 1-6
Look at the seven rental home advertisements A-G on page ___ and read the descriptions
of the people below
… do not want to pay separately for electricity and have a young child.
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____
6. _____
4
© British Council. All rights reserved.
Read the text below and answer questions 7-14
Be careful when pulling off the road. On most roads, you should exit
onto the far right shoulder, as far off the road as possible while
remaining on level ground. If you are driving on an interstate or
multiple-lane highway with islands or separations, you may consider
the left shoulder, again pulling as far away from traffic as possible. If
you exit the vehicle, never stand behind or directly in front of it to help
avoid injuries if your car is struck by another vehicle. Also, Be sure to
alert other drivers. Make sure your vehicle is visible to other drivers,
remembering that they may be traveling at a high rate of speed. Then,
turn on the emergency flashers, especially at night or during bad
weather.
5
© British Council. All rights reserved.
Questions 7-14
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer
You should always exit to the right side of the road, unless it has 9. __________.
Since other cars are moving quickly, yours should be easily seen by10. __________.
Let others know what happened to your car as soon as you are in 11. __________.
If your car is stopped in traffic, only use your phone away from the 12. __________.
and 13. __________ believe that it is best to stay inside your car and wait for a
14. __________.
6
© British Council. All rights reserved.
Leadership
Leaders help themselves and others to do the right things. They set direction,
build an inspiring vision, and create something new. Leadership is about
mapping out where you need to go to "win" as a team or an organization. Yet,
while leaders set the direction, they must also use management skills to guide
their people to the right destination, in a smooth and efficient way. An effective
leader is a person who creates an inspiring vision of the future and motivates
and inspires people to engage with that vision. They also manage delivery of
the vision and coach and build a team so that it is more effective at achieving
the vision.
Once they have developed their visions, leaders must make them compelling
and convincing. A compelling vision is one that people can see, feel and
understand. Effective leaders provide a rich picture of what the future will look
like when their visions have been realized. They tell inspiring stories, and
explain their visions in ways that everyone can relate to. Leadership combines
the analytical side of vision creation with the passion of shared values,
creating something that's really meaningful to the people being led. While a
compelling vision provides the foundation for leadership, it is the leaders'
ability to consistently motivate and inspire people that helps them to deliver
that vision.
For example, when you start a new project, you will probably have lots of
enthusiasm for it at the beginning. However, it can be difficult to find ways to
keep your vision inspiring after the initial enthusiasm fades. Leaders
recognize this important fact, and they work hard throughout the project to
connect their vision with people's individual needs, goals and aspirations.
Questions 15-21
15. What kind of ability do leaders use to ensure their workers are going in the
right direction?
A. competition
B. administration
C. persuasion
18. Anticipating problems and focusing on the future are examples of what kind of
behavior?
A. attractive
B. connective
C. proactive
21. What is perhaps the most challenging part of keeping a vision alive?
A. maintaining passion from beginning to end
B. shaping a company’s strategy
C. telling encouraging stories
Team building refers to different types of activities that can improve social
relations and define roles within teams. Team training, on the other hand, is
designed to improve team efficiency, rather than the relationships between
team members. Many team building exercises aim to expose and address
problems between group members. That is why it is one of the pillars of
organizational development. All types of groups, including sports teams, school
classes, military units or flight crews all use it to improve performance.
The formal definition of team building includes: aligning around goals, building
effective working relationships, reducing team members' role confusion and
finding solutions to team problems. Of all organizational activities, one study
found team development to have the strongest effect for improving an
organizations’ performance. A 2008 analysis found that team enhancement
activities improve both a team's objective performance and that team's
subjective ratings from their superiors. Improving a group’s ability to work
together benefits the individual, their work unit and the organization as a whole.
There are four main approaches to team building: setting goals, role clarity,
problem solving and inter personal (IP) relations. Goal setting emphasizes the
importance of clear objectives and individual and team goals. Team members
are involved in action planning to identify ways to define success and failure
and achieve goals. This is intended to strengthen motivation and foster a sense
of ownership. If work mates are involved in setting their own goals, it is more
likely that they will achieve them. Teams can also measure their progress by
identifying specific outcomes and tests of gradual success. Many organizations
negotiate a team charter with the team leaders. This ensures that everyone’s
efforts move in the same direction.
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Questions 22-28
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
23. Team building can be useful for athletic organizations but not pilots and plane
officers.
25. Setting general goals is the best way for team to monitor advancement.
28. Teams focusing on inter personal (IP) relations tend to receive more awards.
11
Caving
29. _____ Caving is the recreational pastime of exploring wild cave systems. In
contrast, “speleology” is the scientific study of caves and the cave environment. The
challenges involved in caving vary according to the cave being visited, but, in
addition to the total absence of light beyond the entrance, often include the
negotiation of steep angles, squeezes and water hazards. Cave diving is a distinct,
study, the most devoted and serious minded cavers become accomplished at the
surveying and mapping of caves and the formal publication of their efforts. Many
caving skills overlap with those involved in canyoning, as well as mine and urban
considered as such by long-time enthusiasts, who may dislike the term for its
30. _____ Caving has also been described as an "individualist's team sport" by
some, as cavers can often make a trip without direct physical assistance from others
needed. Some, however, consider the assistance cavers give each other as a typical
team sport activity. Too much emphasis on the labeling of caving as a sport can
narrow the goals of caving as a whole. Caving is often undertaken for the enjoyment
of the outdoor activity or for physical exercise, as well as original exploration, similar
to mountaineering or diving. Caving often puts the needs and welfare of a cave
before those of the active participants. It is fair to say that while caving shares some
12
attributes of sport activities, for many it goes beyond sports as many cavers pursue
cave science, mapping, and the management and conservation of cave resources.
31. _____ Physical or biological science is also an important goal for some cavers.
Virgin cave systems comprise some of the last unexplored regions on Earth and
much effort is put into trying to locate, enter and survey them. In well-explored
regions, the most accessible caves have already been explored, and gaining access
to new caves often requires cave digging or cave diving. Caving, in certain areas,
has also been utilized as a form of eco and adventure tourism. Tour companies have
established an industry leading and guided tours into and through caves. Depending
on the type of cave and the type of tour, the experience could be adventurous or
ecological. In many areas, there are tours led through lava tubes by a guiding
32. _____ Caves can be dangerous places; dangerously low body temperature,
falling, flooding, falling rocks and physical exhaustion are the main risks. Rescuing
people from underground is difficult and time-consuming, and requires special skills,
training, and equipment. Hard hats are worn to protect the head from bumps and
falling rocks. The caver's primary light source is usually mounted on the helmet in
order to keep the hands free. Electric LED lights are most common. Many cavers
carry two or more sources of light - one as primary and the others as backup in case
the first fails. More often than not, a second light will be mounted to the helmet for
quick transition if the primary fails. Clothing is also of vital importance. The type of
clothes worn underground varies according to the environment of the cave being
explored, and the local culture. In cold caves, the caver may wear a warm base layer
that retains its insulating properties when wet, such as a fleece suit, and an over suit
particularly if the cave is dry, and in tropical caves thin clothing is used to provide
13
33. _____ Ropes, for example, are used for descending or ascending pitches or for
alpine butterfly, and Italian hitch. Ropes are usually rigged using bolts, slings, and
carabiners. In some cases cavers may choose to bring and use a flexible metal
ladder. In addition to the equipment already described, cavers frequently carry packs
containing first-aid kits, emergency equipment, and food. Containers for securely
transporting waste are also commonly carried. During very long trips, it may be
necessary to camp in the cave - some cavers have stayed underground for many
days, or in particularly extreme cases, for weeks at a time. This is particularly the
case when exploring or mapping very extended cave systems, where it would be
14
Questions 29-33
Select the most appropriate heading for each paragraph above from the heading options
box. Write the letter of the heading next to each paragraph.
Heading Options
A. Be careful
B. Caving for discovery
C. Be prepared
D. A responsible activity
E. Caving explained
F. Digging and diving
G. Caving culture
Questions 34-40
Complete the sentences below. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer
37. Some tour guides lead cavers through an adventurous tour of _____.
15