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3.8.13 Science Magazine PDF
3.8.13 Science Magazine PDF
CREDITS (TOP TO BOTTOM): ROLAND FISCHER/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS; THE YOMIURI SHIMBUN VIA AP IMAGES
lion deficit reduction package agreed to in
August 2011, wasn’t supposed to happen
A Flat Science Budget for 2013
because its across-the-board mechanism was Indian scientists face belt-tightening: On
Inspectors at a Fukushima thought to be too onerous. But now that never 28 February, the government sent to Parlia-
reactor building in May 2012. is here, domestic science agencies are calcu- ment for approval a $12 billion budget for
lating how to save 5% through some combi- science and technology in 2013, ending sev-
nation of reducing the number of new grants, eral years of substantial increases for S&T.
higher risks for some cancers. The WHO shrinking existing grants, lowering admin- The flat budget, which reflects the govern-
team estimated the increased lifetime risk of istrative costs, and downsizing ongoing pro- ment’s desire to reduce an almost $85 billion
leukemia, thyroid cancer, and female breast grams. See some scientists’ reactions to the deficit, will equate to spending reductions
cancer based on earlier estimates of radia- “sciquester” on page 1133, and stay tuned. with inflation running at about 5%.
tion exposure in different locations around Among the few highlights in the budget
the power plant, which experienced multiple Zurich, Switzerland 3 proposal is a new, $50 million fund for proj-
meltdowns and explosions in the aftermath of ects aiming to lift people out of poverty. The
the 11 March 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
Secure Test Site for GM Crops National Innovation Council will manage the
Greenpeace condemned the report, stating The Swiss government will create a per- new fund; the kinds of projects it will sup-
that it “shamelessly downplays the impact of manently protected area on federal land
early radioactive releases from the Fuku- for experiments with genetically modified
shima disaster on people inside the 20 km (GM) crops, which is intended to reduce the
evacuation zone who were not able to leave risk of vandalized fields as well as security Join us on Thursday, 14 March, at 3 p.m. EDT
the area quickly.” But Kazuo Sakai, a radia- costs. In a paper published on 28 Febru- for a live chat with experts on how arts
tion biologist at Japan’s National Institute of ary in Trends in Biotechnology, scientists education affects the brain.
Radiological Sciences, believes that the risks from the Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon http://scim.ag/science-live
are overestimated, noting that the dose esti- research station and the University of Zurich
1130
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Published by AAAS
Science Magazine - 1130.3.full.pdf
NEWS
http://www.sciencemag.org.ezproxy.lib.indiana.edu/content/339...
claimed that the learning materials gave a York City’s Times Square this April when it appears on the famed electronic billboard
biased view of the debate about genetic engi- known as the big screen.
neering. The new government adopted that
view and resolved in its coalition agreement
to end the project. Hans-Jörg Jacobsen, a
plant geneticist at the University of Han- ation (IHME) at the University of Wash- NEWSMAKERS
nover and one of the initiators of the project, ington, Seattle, and more than a dozen U.K.
Moniz Tapped for DOE,
said that termination was a mistake because public health experts report that although life
the project “allowed pupils to make up their expectancy increased by 4.2 years between McCarthy for EPA
own minds based on knowledge.” Students 1990 and 2010, disability due to being over- This week President
in the program have also protested the deci- weight or obese has increased dramatically. Barack Obama tapped an
sion, and the project’s coordinators and the The overall health numbers place the academic scientist with a
schools’ principals have started an online United Kingdom below average when long Washington resume
petition requesting that the state’s prime min- compared with the original 15 members to lead the Department
ister visit a lab before deciding its future. of the European Union, Australia, Canada, of Energy (DOE) and a
Norway, and the United States. The Lancet data-hungry policy wonk
United Kingdom 6 paper comes at the same time that IHME Moniz who’s already in town to
published online analyses for 187 countries run the Environmental
Ranking Countries’ Health of its vast collection of data on disease Protection Agency (EPA).
The United Kingdom hasn’t kept up with its burden and mortality due to 291 diseases Physicist Ernest Moniz, head of a high-
European neighbors in health over the past (Science, 14 December 2012, p. 1414). profile energy think tank at the Massa-
2 decades. In a paper published online by Public health experts—and the general chusetts Institute of Technology, served as
The Lancet on 4 March, Christopher Murray public—can sift through the findings at DOE’s undersecretary and a senior White
of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evalu- www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org. House science aide under President >>
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NEWS OF THE WEEK
>>NEWSMAKERS Heart Researcher Wins Outside the lab, Olson plays guitar and
Bill Clinton in the 1990s, and is a member harmonica in a rock band called the Trans-
of Obama’s science advisory council. His Developmental Bio Prize activators. One of their songs, “Mamas,
wild, wavy locks prompted The Washington Insights into the mysteries Don’t Let Your Stem Cells Grow Up to Be
Post’s gossip column to suggest he’d have of the heart have earned Cowboys,” was inspired by a supporter of his
“the most iconoclastic hair in Cabinet his- Eric Olson the 2013 work: Olson holds the Annie and Willie
tory.” He would replace Steven Chu at DOE March of Dimes Prize Nelson Professorship in Stem Cell Research.
if confirmed by the U.S. Senate. in Developmental Biol-
Gina McCarthy, an ogy. He will receive the FINDINGS
air pollution specialist $250,000 prize in Wash-
Dietary Salt Linked to
who is already a senior ington, D.C., in May. Olson
EPA official, worked for Olson studies the Autoimmune Diseases
Mitt Romney, Obama’s genetic signals that control heart develop- Salt in food may increase the risk of auto-
CREDITS (TOP TO BOTTOM): BRIAN COATS/UT SOUTHWESTERN; EPA; N. YOSEF ET AL., NATURE 495 (6 MARCH) © 2013 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP; REE NANCARROW, DENALI PARK, AK; (PHOTO) ERIC NANCARROW
Republican opponent in ment at the University of Texas Southwest- immune diseases, according to provocative
the 2012 election, when ern Medical Center in Dallas. He and his results reported this week in Nature. Immu-
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Published by AAAS
Science Magazine - 1130.3.full.pdf
NEWS
http://www.sciencemag.org.ezproxy.lib.indiana.edu/content/339...
Random Sample
Doc Comic
Niche markets abound in the world of comic books: Whether
you’re interested in golden-age superheroes, 20th century his-
tory, or zombies, there’s a comic for you. Now, there’s “Missed
It”—a new comic created by a clinician for clinicians.
There’s a cultural hunger for medical storytelling, as the
success of TV shows like House and Grey’s Anatomy can attest,
says bioethicist and professor of medicine Michael J. Green at
the Pennsylvania State College of Medicine in Hershey. But
“Missed It” goes a step further, depicting real-life tales from
the emergency room, as written by Green and illustrated by
artist Ray Rieck.
which he encountered during his medical residency in the 1990s. to tell these stories.”
that it may have evolved from a combina- Still, he cautions, “we simply don’t know even those that present very differently in
tion of simpler systems. enough about the evolution of all these patients, might share common molecular
REPRODUCED WITH PERMISSION BY THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS © 2013. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.; (BOTTOM) CHRISTINE DANILOFF/MIT
Our language has two layers: the words systems to know if that is really the case.” causes that could help better define and
we use (the lexical structure) and how http://scim.ag/langevol treat them.
we organize those words (the expression
structure). We’re the only animal to com-
bine the two, but some animals do use one
Shared Genetics Could Drive THEY SAID IT
or the other. Vervet monkeys use differ- Psychiatric Disorders ScienceNOW asked readers to share how
ent alarm calls for different predators—a Finding genes behind psychiatric disorders the U.S. sequester might affect their
lexical structure with no grammar. And has been a struggle, but a massive new study research and careers. For more com-
although nightingales can sing up to 200 of about 60,000 cases and controls offers ments, visit http://scim.ag/sciquester—
different melodies, the individual notes additional clues. The study took an unusual and keep us posted with #sciquester.
have no meaning—an expression structure tack, lumping together five conditions gener-
with no words. ally considered to be distinct. Lo and behold, I’m a young scientist who
Similar preexisting systems could it found a handful of gene variants shared by applied for 2 post-doctoral
have combined to form human language, all of the disorders. Reporting last week in fellowships...with new grants
researchers posited online last month in The Lancet, the researchers, part of a collabo-
Frontiers in Psychology. “Evolution can ration called the Psychiatric Genomics Con- being cut, my future is
work in different ways, and one way would sortium, describe three variants that correlate compromised #sciquester
be that existing mechanisms are combined with autism spectrum disorder, attention —@Frank_Leibfarth
into something new,” says Johan Bolhuis, a deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disor-
biologist at Utrecht University in the Neth- der, major depressive disorder, and schizo- #sciquester is a science
erlands who was not involved with the study. phrenia. A fourth gene variant surfaced more career killer at a time when
often in people with either bipolar disorder or the government is calling
schizophrenia than in controls. Two variants for more scientists
are linked to calcium channels, which help —@sciencegeist
cells communicate.
The Lancet report is the largest yet to dig Biology research dont take
for genes underlying these conditions. As well to “stops and starts”,
is common in so-called genome-wide asso-
ciation studies, the variants raise risk only
cell cultures and longitudinal
slightly, by about 10%. But some research- studies need continuous care
ers say that identifying them adds to grow- & assessment. #sciquester
ing evidence that psychiatric conditions, —@mksin149
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