TORRES HERNÁNDEZ LIZBETH PATRICIA

CONCEPTUAL REVISION

Analytical Chemistry: ​Studies and uses instruments and methods used to separate,
identify, and quantify matter. In practice, separation, identification or quantification may
constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates
analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the
numerical amount or concentration.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_chemistry

Analyte: Is a substance or chemical constituent that is of interest in an analytical procedure.

The purest substances are referred to as analytes.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyte

Classic methods of analysis: They are based on the chemical properties of the substance
being analyzed, that is, of the analyte. Some of these methods are gravimetries, volumes
and classical qualitative methods.

https://quimica.laguia2000.com/general/quimica-analitica

Instrumental methods of analysis​: Also called chemical methods, they are based on the
chemical-physical properties. Studies of this method are based on chemical balance, which
can be of three types: acid-base balance, redox, or solubility.

https://quimica.laguia2000.com/general/quimica-analitica

Quantitative analysis​: is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance (often

expressed as a concentration) of one, several or all particular substance(s) present in a
sample.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_analysis_(chemistry)

Qualitative analysis: ​Branch of chemistry that deals with the identification of elements or
grouping of elements present in a sample.

https://www.britannica.com/science/qualitative-chemical-analysis

Conductivity: ​Is the measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass
through a material. A conductor is a material which gives very little resistance to the flow of
an electric current or thermal energy. Materials are classified as metals, semiconductors,
and insulators. Metals are the most conductive and insulators (ceramics, wood, plastics) the
least conductive.

https://www.lehigh.edu/~amb4/wbi/kwardlow/conductivity.htm
 TORRES HERNÁNDEZ LIZBETH PATRICIA

Electrode Potential: ​is defined as the potential of a cell consisting of the electrode in
question acting as a cathode and the standard hydrogen electrode acting as an anode.
Reduction always takes place at the cathode, and oxidation at the anode.

https://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=electrode+potential

Absorption and emission of light: Atoms and molecules can absorb and emit light, telling
us how many different energy levels an electron has and how far apart the energy levels are
spaced. Different colors of light are associated with different photon energies

https://sites.google.com/a/coe.edu/principles-of-structural-chemistry/relationship-between-lig
ht-and-matter/emission-and-absorption

Chromatographic technicians: ​Make up a series of methods that allow the isolation,

separation, identification and even the quantification of components present in complex
mixtures.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.franrzmn.com/tecnicas-de-cromatografia/amp/

Electrophoretic technicians: is a technique used by scientists in the laboratory used to

separate DNA, RNA, or molecules or proteins based on their size and electrical charge. An
electric current is used to move the molecules and separate them through a gel.

https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary/Electroforesis

Electroanalytic methods: ​are a class of techniques in analytical chemistry which study an

analyte by measuring the potential (volts) and/or current (amperes) in an electrochemical cell
containing the analyte.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroanalytical_methods

Electrochemistry: ​is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between
electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change,
with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa.
These reactions involve electric charges moving between electrodes and an electrolyte (or
ionic species in a solution). Thus electrochemistry deals with the interaction between
electrical energy and chemical change.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry

Electrochemical reactions: ​take place where the electron conductor meets the ionic
conductor—i.e., at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Characteristic of this region,
considered to be a surface phase, is the existence of a specific structure of particles and the
presence of an electric field of considerable intensity (up to 10,000,000 volts per centimetre)
 TORRES HERNÁNDEZ LIZBETH PATRICIA
across it; the field is caused by the separation of charges that are present between the two
bulk phases in contact.

https://www.britannica.com/science/electrochemical-reaction/The-electrochemical-process

Electromotive force (EMF): ​abbreviation E or emf, energy per unit electric charge that is
imparted by an energy source, such as an electric generator or a battery. Energy is
converted from one form to another in the generator or battery as the device does work on
the electric charge being transferred within itself. One terminal of the device becomes
positively charged, the other becomes negatively charged.

https://www.britannica.com/science/electromotive-force

Electrochemical cells: ​a device capable of either generating electrical energy from

chemical reactions or using electrical energy to cause chemical reactions. The
electrochemical cells which generate an electric current are called voltaic cells or galvanic
cells and those that generate chemical reactions, via electrolysis for example, are called
electrolytic cells.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cell

Galvanic cells: ​It generally consists of two different metals immersed in electrolytes, or of
individual half-cells with different metals and their ions in solution connected by a salt bridge
or separated by a porous membrane.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_cell

Electrolyte cells: ​is an electrochemical cell that drives a non-spontaneous redox reaction
through the application of electrical energy. They are often used to decompose chemical
compounds, in a process called electrolysis—the Greek word lysis means to break up.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic_cell

Electrode: ​is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit
(e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or air).

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode

Cathode: is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical
device. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current
Departs. A conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move.
Electrons have a negative electrical charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to that
of the conventional current flow.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode
 TORRES HERNÁNDEZ LIZBETH PATRICIA
Anode: is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized
electrical device. This contrasts with a cathode, an electrode through which conventional
current leaves an electrical device. A common mnemonic is ACID, for "anode current into
device".

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anode

Measuring electrodes: ​It provides information on the medium in which it is found (activity,
concentration, potential, pH, etc.), and can range from a simple metal-metal ion solution, to
more complex systems, including ion selective electrodes (ESI).

https://es.scribd.com/document/211965984/Electrodos-de-Medida-y-de-Referencia

Reference electrodes: ​is an electrode which has a stable and well-known electrode
potential.[1] The high stability of the electrode potential is usually reached by employing a
redox system with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participant of the
redox reaction.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_electrode

Electrolytes: ​is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when

dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. The dissolved electrolyte separates into cations
and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte

Activity and activity coefficient: ​is a factor used in thermodynamics to account for
deviations from ideal behaviour in a mixture of chemical substances. In an ideal mixture, the
microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or
macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing
is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures can be expressed directly in terms of
simple concentrations or partial pressures of the substances present e.g. Raoult's law.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_coefficient