UNIFORM ROTARY MOTIONS

edgar ubalde
ed.ubalde@gmail.com
 Contents
1. Definition
2. Circle
3. Arc Length
4. Linear Kinematics Vs. Angular Kinematics
5. Period and Frequency
6. Angular Velocity
7. Tangential Velocity
8. Centripetal Force
 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
The periodic motion of a particle along the
circumference of a circle with a constant speed.
Uniform circular motion can be described as the
motion of an object in a circle at a constant speed.
Examples:
1. Motion of the earth around the sun
2. Motion of the moon around the earth
 CIRCLE
A two-dimensional shape made up of points
that are equidistant from the center.

Circumference = 2πr
Diameter = 2r
Area =
Linear Distance = Circumference
Diameter is the distance from one side to the
Radius is the
other going distance
through thefrom center
center to circle.
of the any point on the circumference.
Pi (π) is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter equivalent
to 3.1415926. The ratio is a physical constant in nature.
The arc length (s) with an angle of one radian
is equal to the length of the radius.
1 rad = /180 = 57.296⁰
1 rev = 2 radians = 360°
radian = 180°
To convert degrees to radian:
no of degrees x
To convert radians to degrees:
no of radians x
PRACTICE PROBLEM 1:
What is the radian measure of 150°?
Solution: Multiply 150° by π/180°.
150° x = (5π/6) radians or ≈ 0.83π radians.

PRACTICE PROBLEM 2:
What is the degree measure of an arc whose
measure is 1.8π radians?
Solution: Multiply 1.8π by 180°/π.
1.8π x = 324°
Linear Kinematics Vs Angular Kinematics
Linear kinematics and angular kinematics are two
branches of classical mechanics that deal with the
study of motion.
Linear kinematics focuses on the motion of an
object in a straight line.
Angular kinematics focuses on the rotational motion
of an object around a fixed axis.
ULM UCM
Velocity (hence speed) is constant Velocity changes but speed is constant
Acceleration is equal to 0 Acceleration is non-zero
Body moves in straight line Body moves in a circle of constant radius
 Period and Frequency
The time taken by a particle in uniform circular motion to
complete one revolution. During period T, particle covers a
distance equal to circumference 2πr of circle with linear
velocity v.
T= since v=r thus T=
The number of revolutions of a particle per unit time (sec) in
uniform circular motion is called the frequency of revolution.
Frequency of revolution (n) is the reciprocal of period of
revolution. n====
 Circular Speed
If a body moves in a circle of radius (r), it covers a
distance equal to the circumference of the circle that is
distance is 2πr. This is the distance covered in time (T).
The formula for the speed of a body in a circular motion is:
v=
where
r is the radius of the circle
T represents the time period.
(The time unit can be any appropriate measure such as seconds, minutes,
hours, etc.)
PRACTICE PROBLEM 3:
The moon’s orbital radius is 3.85 x 108 m, and its period is
about 27.3 days. What is its speed as it goes around Earth?
Solution:
Convert days to secs
27.3 days xxx =2.36 x s
Apply v===1024 m/s
 Angular Velocity
The angular velocity ω of the point is the radian
measure of the angle θ divided by the time t it
takes to sweep out this angle.
ω=θt
For point P moving with constant (linear) velocity
(v) along the circumference of a circle of radius r.
If the angular velocity is ω then v=rω
Velocity vector is tangential
A tangent line is a line that touches a circle at one point but does not
intersect it. Though the actual direction of the object is changing, its
direction is always tangent to the circle.

Linear Velocity = v =

S= radθ
Tangential Velocity
The measurement of the speed at any point tangent to a rotating wheel
in a circular motion. This describes the motion of an object along the
very edge of the circle.
It is measured arc length(measured in radians) multiplied by angle theta
θ over time.
The rate of the object’s angular displacement is its angular velocity
denoted by ω (radians/sec).
Thus = =rω=
PRACTICE PROBLEM 4:
The vinyl record with a diameter of 25 cm spins at 331 rpm.
Find the linear velocity.
Solution:
Convert rpm to rad/s
= xx == 11 rad/s
Since we have the value of radian, we can say that the linear
velocity is 8.7 m/s.
Tangential Acceleration
Tangential acceleration is a measure of how quickly the tangential
velocity of a point changes. It is used in the context of rotational motion
and is always directed along the tangent to the path of motion.
The formula for tangential acceleration is given by: =
where:
is the tangential acceleration
Δv is the change in velocity
Δt is the change in time
The unit of tangential acceleration is meters per second squared (m/s²).
PRACTICE PROBLEM 5:
A body accelerates uniformly on a circular path with a speed
of 30 m/s to 70 m/s in 10 s. Find its tangential acceleration.
Solution:
Given : Initial velocity () = 30 m/s
Final velocity () = 70 m/s
Δ velocity (dv) = – = 70 – 30 = 40 m/s
Δ time = – = 10– 0 = 10s
The tangential acceleration is given by the formula: = ==4 m/s²
Centripetal Force
Centripetal force is a force that makes a body follow a
curved path. The direction of the centripetal force is
always orthogonal to the motion of the body and towards
the fixed point of the instantaneous center of curvature of
the path. Isaac Newton described it as "a force by which
bodies are drawn or impelled, or in any way tend,
towards a point as to a centre". Formula: ==
Centripetal Acceleration
The acceleration of a body moving in a circular path. It’s
always directed towards the center of the circle.
= v = velocity of the object
r = radius of the circle

= m = mass
v = velocity of the object
r = radius of the circle
PRACTICE PROBLEM 6:
A 7 kg Doberman pincher is hocked to a leash 3 meters in
length is seen by the owner running around in circles at a
speed of 2 m/s. Find the centripetal force acting on the neck
of the dog.
Solution:
Given : m= 7 kg s= 2 m/s r =3 m
Centripetal Force: = == 9.3 kg.m/s
But wait there’s more!
PERFORMANCE TASK:
Pick a sub-topic about Uniform Circular Motion and create a
2 minute video about it. You can make a sample computation
discussion is you want or explain the topic in layman’s term.
To be submitted today, Oct. 8, 2013.
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/
16AMuEItsq0x_4LqdBUKmsj4s8CA_vwiQ?usp=sharing
APPLY DRAW & GUESS METHOD TO SOLVE THIS
PROBLEMS
1). A peeble is thrown at a 45 ° with a speed of 22.0 m/s from the
edge of the roof of a 30.0-m-tall building and lands on the street
below. (a) What is the speed of the rock just before it hits the street?
(b) How much time elapses from when the peeble is thrown until it
hits the street?

2)A 75.0-kg man standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator. What

would he weight on the scale (a) if the elevator accelerates upward
at a rate of 1.20 m/s2 ?
LET’S CHECK COMPREHENSION