2019-03-12

MUSCLES OF THE
APPENDICULAR PORTION OF
THE BODY
Muscles of the Upper and Lower
Extremities

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

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MUSCLES OF THE UPPER

EXTREMITY
Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle and Muscles of
the Limb

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

What is the primary the function of the upper extremities?

Movement

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

THE MUSCLES OF THE

SHOULDER GIRDLE
Scapular Stabilization. Rotator Cuff. Movers
of the Shoulder

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Muscles of the Scapular Stabilization

“Fix” the scapula to the
trunk
• How?

• by pulling?

• Yes, but in opposite

directions!

• Antagonizing each other,

so the scapula won’t
move!

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Muscles of the Scapular Stabilization

Posterior group:
• Trapezius
• Rhomboid
muscles
• Levator
scapulae

Anterior group:
• Pectoralis minor
• Serratus anterior

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Trapezius Muscle

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Rhomboid Muscles

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Serratus Anterior & Pectoralis Minor

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Serratus Anterior and Rhomboids

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Levator Scapulae

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Muscles of the Musculotendinous Cuff

(Rotator Cuff)
The SITS muscles:
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Subscapularis
Each “sits” the head of the
humerus to the glenoid
fossa!

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The tendons complete a circle around the

shoulder joint

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Muscles of the Musculotendinous Cuff are

also called the Rotator Cuff Muscles

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Rotator Cuff Muscles

Rotate the humerus:
• Medial rotation
• Lateral rotation

The supraspinatus is
abductor of the arm

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

M
The
movers of
the
shoulder

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The movers of the shoulder work with the

rotator cuff muscles
The Deltoid Muscle

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Deltoid Muscle

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Deltoid Muscle

Multiple functions of the
arm:
• Flexion & extension
• Medial rotation
• Lateral rotation
• Abduction

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Pectoralis Major Muscle

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Pectoralis Major Muscle

Actions:
• Movements of the
humerus when
hugging

Also:
• Auxiliary muscle for
inspiration

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Latissimus Dorsi & Teres Major

Muscles

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Latissimus Dorsi & Teres Major

Actions of the humerus
when pulling a wallet
out of the pocket in the
back

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Coracobrachialis Muscle

Flexor and adductor of
the arm

Two more muscles are movers of

the shoulder:
• Biceps brachii
• Triceps brachii
Will be studied with the elbow
movers

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

THE MUSCLES OF THE LIMB

Muscles of the Arm, Forearm, and Hand

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Movers of the elbow and radioulnar joints

Located in the anterior
and posterior of the arm

• Anterior: flexors
• Posterior: extensors

These muscles are

antagonistic to each
other

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Anterior Muscles of the Arm

The two flexor muscles
of the forearm:

1. Biceps brachii: also

is a flexor of the arm
and supinator of the
forearm

2. Brachialis: only
flexor of the forearm

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Posterior Muscles of the Arm

The two extensor
muscles of the forearm

1. Triceps brachii: is
also extensor of the arm

2. Anconeous: only
extensor of forearm

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Muscles of the Forearm that Move

the Hand and Fingers
Anterior group:
• Flexors of the hand and
fingers

• Also pronators (and

flexors) of the forearm

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Muscles of the Forearm that Move

the Hand and Fingers
Posterior group:
• Extensors of the hand
and fingers
• Also supinators of the
forearm

• Antagonistic muscles
to the anterior group

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Muscles of the Hand

Three groups of
muscles:
1. Thenar
eminence

2. Hypothenar
eminence

3. Midpalmar

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MUSCLES OF THE LOWER

EXTREMITIES
Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle. Muscles of the
Lower Limb

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

THE MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC

GIRDLE
The Gluteal Muscles. The Deep Lateral
Rotators

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Muscles of the Gluteal Region:

Two groups:

1. Gluteal muscles and tensor fasciae

latae

2. Deep lateral rotators of the thigh

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Gluteal Muscles

Three muscles:

1. Gluteus maximus

2. Gluteus medius

3. Gluteus minimus

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Gluteal Muscles

Extensors, abductors,
and lateral rotators of
the thigh
Important for standing
and walking uphill

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle & the

ITB
The tendon of the TFL
muscle together with
the tendon of the
gluteus maximus forms
the iliotibial band (ITB)

The ITB inserts in the

tibia

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Deep Lateral

Rotators of the Thigh
Six muscles:

All six muscles insert in

the greater trochanter of
the femur

Act as lateral rotators

and abductors of the
thigh

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Piriformis Muscle

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Muscles of the Posterior Thigh:

The Hamstrings Muscles

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Hamstrings Muscles

All originate from the

ischial tuberosity

Insert in the tibia and

fibula

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Hamstring
Muscles

The main flexors of

the leg

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Hamstring Muscles

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Medial Thigh Muscles:

The Adductor Muscles of the Thigh

• All originate from the

pubis

• Insert in the posterior

aspect of the femur
(linea aspera)

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Medial Thigh Muscles

Adduct and medially rotate the thigh

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Muscles of the

Anterior Thigh
Three muscles:
1. Quadriceps femoris
2. Sartorius
3. Iliopsoas

Their actions are quite

different but they all are
innervated by the same
nerve

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

• Rectus femoris
Quadriceps Femoris: • Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus intermedius

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Sartorius Muscle

• Longest muscle in
body
• Actions: Cross-leg
sitting

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Iliopsoas Muscle

Flexor of the thigh

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

Muscles of the Leg that move the Foot

and the Toes
Anterior leg muscles:

• Dorsiflexors of the foot

• Extensors of the toes

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Lateral Leg Muscles

Two muscles running
from the fibula to the
foot
• Plantar flexors of the
foot
• Eversion of the foot

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Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Posterior Leg Muscles

The calf muscles:
• Insert by the calcaneal
(Achilles) tendon in the
heel
• Plantar flexors of the
foot
• Flexors of the toes

Prepared and taught by Dr. David Li Lam

The Muscles of the Foot

Intrinsic muscles
• Move the toes
• Support the arches of
the foot
• Are covered by the
plantar aponeurosis

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