Ch.2 3 Semicond Basics Atomic Steucter- 13/2/2012 (121) «Atomic Numbers: Number of protons or electrons. x£lecron Shell_anj Orbits :- he Number of flectrons in fach Shell = 2N* N= Number of Shell: Mae ee eet ees 2 , gE, 18 , 3207 -—--- (1-2) ¥Semiconductors , Conductors , And [WVsulators [Conductors i Cus29e E, Bem, 188, NE ~ et One vaknee electron iW Ve SGN phar) (B Insulatorse— [a Seri conductors Ge, Si 2e 4 we salery les 3S! GA Tepe OLE Se Ge 232 26,86 186 SSSSIIISMIDDIDIDSDIbASEEDS Loe ro ell sy Lice 2S) si ie A) sae oan te 9) MeN so.2'& eChight voltge ).dto\ 21d yom is (caae ee ie Te = Macca Bonde ¢ —__ << # — _ --4 fneryy Gab t- The difderence In‘eneray ‘bebibeen 2 the “valence becinds® and “ onduc ki ion. loands” Saverenine ze f£Gif ~& 8 eld oe “ ee Z £G@ > 5 & Lite) ¢ CBe VB oo ie ee eed Eset! 2 e £6 < sé EMontl oft Fv Se hiév = Sy FG “yu e O02 = Ge D ¢ & — AL Gh cat Leet EN Sle slay Se bag oe Se 7G) Ate 1 off Gig yr) jee tle | Sal et Os Se el gt cet ay e (123) ¥ Covalent Rends ALD bit a loxXk<——__Intrinsic Crustal © ea yoR ee) bs > sibs © S S C4)» Conduction in Semiconductors (doping ) © & eet Solel Awan Su Z el ou & e& Cpe ANG cetyl ZOU Be Al ee att teas © " _ -Rentavalent_Flement 2 (sb, Rice Auld artes & -Trivglent flement : (Ga, Al Bye AW wn «4 oS a= eS SS SS Be. = SS MS _, free flectrons_ __ Ps “Denor Atome® es 70 aia B is ' Acceptor Abame” 9 Joe Geel! atyetl te poe - ~ (2G aot sp fecktan (at tt Lies ab) sue * Current ~ + Vela! eo de nots Stele G) av ett pele pee! _vuelip! bie Gs 7 eur (125) x N-Type and __F-Type Semiconductor's. _.* A Na Type pel Lea git eNO Uae th oly ‘ ie ah P- Type heed ve. ZL 2 N= Tape 7 Majority Carriers —» electron (-e)~ Minority Corciers —» Hele (+e) - P-Tyee 5 Majovity Carrier $ —> Hole(+e). riky Cowvies —» electy, Ds pie = Carries, Ze! = Mineviky . Zab! = Majority CB) Extra electron enevors level peBij— Ee pet £6 ad EG [vs Tete hele _Frevgy level 2.8 be ¥! P—Tip-2 N= Nap$5 12/2012 ____—— Pty Nope. ws. $l n _De pletion J, _ = et Ss09 Gero} Surin Bali ped ve B eu : — 5 ft Zot psu 2 ot) lw ht 414 Bepletion 0 5,209 goo 2) ya's cata Forward Bins 2 uy Vea GEN to 0 oe) Gis ee NB ON See ait A (Reverse Bins ) 4s toy ay, Fated los O50 ys VBS Vb te ne Med ES et eta t oul 2 ody Ly Chargtarctee Diode 9602) Vas ae # Fecwail2)§ 22h) LAM DADADAARYUAYRYUEREATCRHEKKC KK RAEEELSRNR ASARVIAAISSA ASIDE EEE EAEEOCEEE tee Te a AH : . pe 2 a Mee a (Rt Vor =. 3 reer? 7 —¥e| vo_| Va _| To f avelut Regen oY Spe Sob pA Soe Lthostt 3 FUZ\ Zab dew BPN ae ole ote Late ath AN ES Revere & cuvent Picd e _Ki Beltzman Constante ag xi7* 57k Tt Temp in Kelfen ne Parmeter\\ te eww? fed nse Ge = Ves “Rermel voltee Nee Droit) etd 2+ Joie os % (1-2) x Model Dive) 1-1 Tdeal dived Lvp=6] 2. Partaei) dtee) E Ve 2 - 3=Complet dived Tra ty]! tae dined KG: = ayes testi + _% = D¥e _(Diynamic. Resistance Vaies fo AI, > whe (Bo —Vpes +ToRe +0 = 0 a es be Vpg_ = —Vaies ) Feochel diced eo ele aoe _ Rs bene if Maia > Me (Sot ag "Sil Ded TULITGUVV UA AAA ANAS, ee a Gel e? ~Vping +Ipe Rut Wr zo —> Tne = Vaies 1 Vb Upp 2M = 02 v & ©Ri gel iyya ale gs Tipe dere oll ea ; { ' : 3) Competty diode | BS Ly 4 ¥: 9 4) Vor = V, 2 Ip7d. : waka ee OEY 3 oy nae i 9 Vee a Ven ae co 2 We = Ing +07 +r 2 _ => Tap = Vai = 2:7 and Yap 2 Vat Ing > Rava > > Yop = Varo Typ 2 zero JLA > Rare Mo +Bample (1) Pas 92 st . er > W210 _ \ fe \ = {auld , 7 : T 3 Find Voge } O20 SY . 2 e|e ’ Ta_1 OP ; CB conspetts > fa) @_Lacal Vp cov Thee Woine a1 soot A —_ ; Vpy>Tpg-(DY)= 10 mA xp es toe - * @ Rye deck Vpp = 02y a Tye = Va-Ve = 6-0-7 = 93 mA R A love Ve = OVO = 93 v@ EGO eet oe os Se @ Compe Mog > 0-7 + Ing Uo) = o.492 v Pe ees Rave Joro “Va = (9.21) x02 x Ish 2 9-21 Vv oN ule wee + at) peo fo Zi Tes ea eee XProplems (@ Hore ) Tro (16 1) fg ) Ideal t- Weo B= wWIi+o Vy =-3 Vv 2) vtec i=’ Vp = 0-7 a)Bak —>s VAz~-3 Vu hat\far SVE OFS I= 3 .034 x (B)\ Meise = loo v Riser _ NN Teal (Yze) = ino = T(sé) +0 —> T=\00 _ 1.7857 A 56 ___ D Parteel (2 V-8) wo 2T (sé) +0-F —> T= oo OF - 1-FBU A SO. A eompity (Wa = V8 + 14) jou = Ts) 0.2 + Ti ag 2&2 2 & ©. ~ na APA DRAM OR MRM BM HM HM BB 4. & &¥DC_ Power Sypply N sb A _ od poten Sh AE Ad tl so We eres step Seon wv. el. |. 2omS pweenf zion bobs tel F So — eas | Vt] = Ym sin = Zu Sin loon or ae o— ——_—- ' | S. e iu #_Vy evellge “primery \ 3 a At = Cunt Rrimery Na 2 iA os & N= * of Primery Pra Prag “ideal trans Somer a z Transform Step Down a= (045) if M2 Mr uewy vee B " iP MEM. wow, step up if MeM vey,wero) gal o GN vol ded o Rect Bice xRectSive yl) Hilf uve r ; suse Dowd € 2 dowd. ms 2 full wave & LS wetaye area aoW ae %Rewlater—> fe ss eee yo —_ #fplicti, es diode DRect Rive 2 A) Half Retfire (H-w-R) + py° year pen fe Et 60) Cob oe 856 =Ve = nods GeO ee © #Pactecal Diced V2 =VeaVp 2 Vas Wa Vp sven oF y Cavey é : £2) re Veet pot Rae bce Bt ae pert tel Gy soca! = Ve gr gad eget Be& & ~ . ~ s $ 3 3 3 3 = 3 2 2 2 > 5 = 2 = avs deat ® 2’ Partecal” a DE dvrey value (Voc avg) = Hest = Ee 1 Ee =Car in recthive i ffs In Peak Inverse volte (PIV) = V2" (Parted 1 Tec te) ZN ye Gai asi = Peak value of secndr eee B) Pall wave Rectedire (with Center “Tap “¢x*) Z IK> coteTiad 422 ee ave) & Di > Gontat sD a Des context JH Vee Vu in Reotance 7 oo Costat = Ds pal wo pF) Sy We F we Dy pan pie Dy Le 92 2 2 A ¥ W pelt piel’ P20% aMeae ecctedees RSE Ges - 2-20 4 Np= Vin X= se §.. 50 He . 2 5 _ T= 20 ms A, 3 pt a vy Tus a Tia Lt oe Sone = 2 Sin : sal 3 pe sa iaee { | | ty \v = 311 Sin loomé Voc (ig) = 2 Vout a @ owt = Ve Ss Capea PO PiIvi= Ve ve 2 Ve 2 T Tartieal_ => Vans Va. 02» Moatqugy-=—2 Mere = ohn PIV (ve 22%) (ave} = Mun o-R Yon 2 Vv _ =A woe \ VG yt _ fg (t-) a ely; hse sy JN ws. Cady Diode wust wave aveie SV To - >. & ss. a ce, am, «a taFill wave Rect five (Bridge eurewte) —————__ ’ =v ’ I (toea') J ee Lilian Vg = Vo7— (Vo, RA) (Vente ’ |__ : 7 , Tone = Ee 7% Suz e2h, ) Lon\ . . Ys | PIv = Vor (Tea!) . \ = Vout + °F (Rrtecal) . fits Va -V.U40-32 W-0-9 5 Moc (ven) 22ers. © (oale) > = 2 We=1W) > (Pvtecal) ) a — hm ant > « (Rect$iveh GBI er» tiie ® 2 - = " = tVut 2 63% Ven . Voe, ZVut = 63% Vent = erp zien 2 BI, Vout ba a (BAA ) ran 1eR tee Meg py = Vout Bowe RUS Moe 1 Vou oe =m ol) Ven 4 EQ.) be G27) example (2- F)y- _ 6/3 J 2017 ( a wed a alee fe 1S ha the f 60 Cie 1 aes 1 ee _ LLLVLVALLAVANAAASDiode Limikers —— Dived (Clepar) pe Teed as i — 2X0 PY 7 pets ul Ol Ws SS Vos Ree a 0 = Deo) Je x 3\ wos 0.9 = Tartan)! — = a) =, = i - Sy 2) Vim ER MoRa. a3 WAS Vt = eee uenenmee = _ _ eer pper_( x ae -» {positive Clioper pave - 4 ees Zz “ achiral OLE LGD ee a Veener Biede = 0-2 (Soruntd artical) Vaener disde Evalue (Rackwat I“Rartical ) Requiter V J ee es HSS DVDS) cnn Prue Lense Vaenar re P I. Pa Sat Far Vast 20-7 ————— Vs - pr | oF F Teo BY V5 = Voinge ole Bathuald odie Made Jat wd lS Ee Mpiede—o 52. - Sor wat d Vy + IsRs + Mrz =o = Vs- Ye __R = Ms Is R = Vstminy = V2 Tomin Z 4 vrovyveRegarTTAgneATeGC* AC QKKEE LK > a_iYIXPSAIMMAIAVISGETTT HAE SESE ECECEEE' as Rseininy = Ysera = V2 - a Teena) _ Rig a Reins Reemaen — = 2 : 4 ee serie z tn" ab See’ — ‘= 2= 2019 Ts. = Vs- Ve Roz Vin a» Rs 2 Ts. etmaey = ~— wi a sin) “Bs (rats) = Voom Na ati a Tstriny a ieee ks ene (Reet 23 Lstminy = Treminy + Titman - Skah Sal | Tea Tetmary+ Tiimisd a ih 2d R= 200-0 snt_= Ticman) = Ve = 3 = Wma Rw Rspwiny = Vimy V2 = 18-B 297 2 Ts trary tae Ret = S28 = oA Sat Rs= WaB =e 9kteor diode Limibers_ It ie Se 6 _ : ato “if Va- Sv Ves Vente oVs4 ERe+ ve =0 Vas Vs=TsPp = 5 TUTUTUC TTC VVUVURKE |NY SSVAVSANSS SUA AFEEIEESEEAMHEHEU” ee 2. vavater diode A pye———_____eatetizse! eon ee Ae ae = Qe vases SE = Re ee ey 9) alo hte b Li a APegetal _comeetion Corct), zute\ Lye 9) Zile pede # Duara vl fh = wie 0% eee 3. Oftical Died € ——5 1) phete “Dide — SSS — Transmit ee 52) led Diode (light Siode) >Reseve par etek x a Baek A) Phebe Diede 1~ f= Soe word Bie) ( Jiao» Spticll Jl election es 2) Vea) Pied _- ais (BREE arg Bue) (rue B2V) 5 25 8) Lod 5 Optics J Joma Yeo —r2v nde vo 2s oe yl # htae —> 3v -Uv ey Gyeen—> 2Sv-3v WA Noro eee 4d ate =ee xe OPkical: Disde = ‘ ey ST ‘i ED i =e | ‘Prete : v ES vb “Tans Sermey died Recever Hort a! “ “on st elackical te Pticat Obtical te _electrveny Fecwerd Back word (2-3%v) ts 3A VD ms sent — #Llezer Diede (LED Dic de) pe Shakchy Siode (Df) in aight currne ond iy frig (Bor word _)_ (6-3 Ged = Ly ee be “ pet Si ch x i _. & Bin Diode (Pin) Ay ; Epa sala yo edocs NAP by x a copsiler ex Backed p suite op Lcweeed a contvel’_viveble _yestors = 4 Tanel diede —PL— of. a 5 eine op volte 9) Reeqalabey yes % ye sede (v6 = eS) andl, e-. Serword “yin * “Back wd MN aot Sa slip % Sup Cls\ 42? gate fe ee i i le ee tine te teSE Ss Deb YS St ee ng re ie i aie coe A) Apiectien ppd ok 2) = SS tet ) Poruntd or Backwor Dida eo jot apie te *FIFBHFFFSPYPSLPRPR—EHVVYYVVYL UY EOUYY qr ee OS — Re © preltetersy Ss = Say Fe I %6 “dy FBT, SPSae eee eC! SSESEOECCGEE EE | on en Be sg Leewde— Shot t Rev —— oper CCMA = 18 lee #7 Be ; Aint 9) ado ¢ Vall wave Rec 3%, ai be ho th Dad = Vv. Vest a) Navg = Ve aS a = etl piv tM 998 2a 19 glee gy7h Fe si 3 Dib gare Yoo , 97 « wOl yupW) oe), 2 a mA Rs i Lh a Ue ake Diand De bx awd i V po o-% g Pe bad TOP + DREI+7 =0 6-F = T(t) +9-9 —> Tp = @ 2-2? | Ve = jt + Ty Wb) + 6-7 so -y Tez 1t-2-% = HF wh Up, = -tt+9e-3 1p Dif, 15! cus aan aes sigma Saas tea taeN j BIT Wansestor’ Res > Byam guekten — Tansesee en) se ___ ; i : - ar , givers ao BIT Leake be 4 FET + Pate “ud ’ : é ——— ; Field Effect “Waanses tor tae zi We Siw |p Pon oy 3 Vansester | che 4 Z eet = , Gana née Po ay by Ee ak , : boecbore) | Emited oe eee 1 s ule : . \ us i a, 4 wen =¥ PNP \ , N _ an NPN. ae 5 — rf : —_ x ~ Soe ea te a ear eae ee re STON en ? Lad. Reverse Po eenias Bow bre o> Lost » os > : DD pga eet el a ° Be Rrowd Be = Rev . , 2eet lalpt ROTTS Va " x FET TreT ( ) Kye cnaned Hs Mex FET (jobs) > E- mesdet GaP cnet WHEN tpaed* antcccsere De morhet 2 Nc reels = Pe © Cats) =2 > S . é 5 (Sourse) (Rechenel) « Cyn chanel) = (FET) = a2 = al D-Msfer E-Moeer (Mose T) = Oe = BIL _Opartien : + Bg- 3- 2012 _— —> > Ste Ty ster te ft $2 1 = yy - (PP) pu B= Te /Te (20-200) Ke Te fe | x f5-95-0-9y <_meoe em me ee ea ee ee eeSee ee Ex Ts ' Te = Ts (B+) ae lst 1 1 Bol x= a a ee e Atak] Vg = %-o(Gend) W=%-0 YraH- 0 YN Ue * Vee o Va # Mc = 0 eee Veg 2 tee =V% Ws % 2 Ue Vg TF __ Vpy 20-9 (Sikeen when Serwold- ast xe 9 — ve me lorcet) Ao PeaNut a ne ey ey pt Te__ 5 a = om Jeb eis) 5% Pang JN eke ee ~ Citave) ce —* Vee max PRL = lend line Serwueld Ton 7 Rev = Vmex & Jol fey) ss Sustl ys as = Vesta e+ Ye + TeRe =o (Tansester— acto tegen] Te Te(BY Tp B fe eae pn Te nee) le Vee + TeRe+ Ne + Tere =0 Rare ee EEN EN ES SSH SIG AC SESbESEEEEEE Vee = Vee + Tiber Re) rereastt 2F£Example (4-4) +- Z _B=50 be Soler~ — = 3+ KIp +0-% =O —> To = 3B-0-# = 0.23 mA - SK eae MA de = A Tg = So (0-25) 2-5 mA Jy = Te+ Tg = 33 mA = aW+ Te IK + Veeco => Vee = 10 -IN-s fet Vee 215 Enon Veg = 3-S v — [Nee > Yee \ xExammpie (4-2) _and_(46) A Transter Anp (4-4) 6 ped Vactew feye ¥ Example (M-2) i= — gb _pzise it aes ol PRED EEREEEDEDDTERPTREEVTPVURCVVV GSE)_S» pts S0-mf &_Yy5- Tpkg=Vee = 0 > S-Tg (ot) ~ 0-9 zo = Tgzoind a Bele » TetfiIp = 1Se (0-43) = C4eS mA Ig 4 Nee Slo (ey-s)tieej Ws = 3-S$v Veg -T. Re =-Yee = be Tee De 1 Tg = 0-49 + 64S = 14-93 of Vig = Vic - Vee = 3-55 0-7 = 2.Rf wk Ex MAN) fe eek x tx (4-3) i- ae _ _ Yee . f_ €xiu- Yi dpi els J bh sat’ fing Ti when Ue sot y Te ceases = I= 0-2 caZinn ile Te > Te tsat) pa sat sation Yegen - ws 79:8 ¥ _x€al¥-s) Buer despedet, Ret aK. Veo iS +V peMee Le Veetmers Vu Fe (may) 2 Me of Ynax = Bor mA y ~ 0 4 ~~ = ~ — 3 3 4 3 = = = = = = re] = mal A a A P a A a ra 7et ats ee ee ‘ a ; — = 1 Lee BE, = t00(6i99) = 195 mA Vac 2 TeRe + ee oy ee 2 B00mW Wy pay ‘ 19.5 mA ‘ —_tHheimayy_= |Sv Vee conga = Veemerxy + LRe = IS + 19.8 (IK) =3u.5 v BU-3) > oo ‘ ‘ E f f Ex(M-9) and 4-10} > swith fPYNANVAVSV AVY DMI ISS IS DRS SSEE EEE o Diese Temsestor Civeucty BIT 4- Bise Bise- eee Z- veltege Divider 3- Emoter Brse- Y= ed back collerter circet 4. Bise Bar D-Voltaye Divide) 3-[ moter Bi Ye feed loacke 2RA_-Veet+ TgRy age =o ; Tp = Mec — Vac Re Te =f Ip = f(ve=vee) _ _ Re xT 2 Tc+ Ig Rr-Veet T Re + Vee 20 cay = forts a Vices Veo =Tike _ (ere) 4 Tce vec “Cut off *s . Re ee « ¥Veee Vee “fat® , ae KVee = VesVe A Vee = Va-Ve Nom Nee = Ka e0 —> veg = We = Vee (2= ‘oley Divide A _pRPADPDAPDADAADAATAGCVLEVLRCATRRLVUCKRK RLWSDL NDAD LLDRRA RAGA RHG DE EGER EECECECEE Tg Re + Lp (B+IRe = Tp (Rat BRe) = Vee Vee ————-—~ ¥ Tp = Yee vee Te = Bap —___— Rg+pRe Te =Terig loop 22 =Wee tTRe+ Vee +T¢ Re Vee ze Pe A a (4.2 T) (sat. )% Tein = ec +VEe WeesT) \ Rut Re >, (eu off Jt Vesav ‘R, RY me ye + eo S Batten fetes Ta Bax + Top Re = Va~ Ye _ Te = Ply Ty = Vin-vee Eek [Men vee) Ray + BRe Rear aR Re Dk Ter MarMe = = ? Re aay ao Lop Li Ver ERet Veer eke ce if TexTe ms Vee = en Te (Berke) = Veg Oa) reac) = Mee 1 Vee cont off) = Vee ete SELEShed Back Collector Bie Crenet | & Vee +L. Rer Tg Rg + Vee 50 _ E Ly =z MeeVee ale (te~vee PRe-Re BRe=Ra Ne 20 = Ve = Veo —vee + Tele + Mee zo Vecg = Veen Te ae + # Tesney 2 ee when Vee 20 Re Koa Ye = Vee wren Tero om # WW 3 Example _ a aren 3. PYNGVIVYVVS SISA S dA sade ee LE EEE | 4) Drtermine the ® Pint and Constved De loud Line fr the. Trisis — i 2) Assume Bp, ane Pe ene eee B) DC Lend line Keo Te it Ry From 10 ka othe Te if R Stem Ren = [KR futile) 39 vy Lk ROLE Vata Zs lkeqy G-3 a) ~ A Beample. Ze Rezwre am ~ —— Ly. _s Sind, Te, Tesla ste_if Baume] ach Ske Ee at ( PNP) am # Boamnple 3 = Orb) on sen a Re if Te ua and Vee 6) Rif Ie 10 _ - i Te j ___sele PEREEPEEERAZELLVVAVAVAVANASYee mee eee A Examples Te, Tee Tn 1 Bos ~~ o ~ _ + = ~~ 3 3 3 -4 3 — =) “2 -2 = 2 = ~ a ZA A at A as astaal Bale Jeletp I= ae = . + foc + TeRe <0 (yer I) (rez Z Ie) Ve + VUpe +P Te Reno PI Re ow wae TE PTp =e = Rargy = Re I R Wy ef Vee OR a “leree Ba 7 Rin - } oF (Re Ring) Ve = 775 ¥ YP + (wok sist) 12-2407 LUVVVVVVVVVAAVAAAS q Le ‘ LI FELLSHPVSSECKESKFFGS SA DDFS EEEEE PY: ‘ 4. iifey (es) A= ah /. en Emoter cor ) a5) Ob. Commen colieckel CELT La uesi) pe Bh xbet thee aay grnnger Ze Covnmen Bire Vee 2 sean (AC) YY Capte. (DC) Dei) ve | te [Mie _| She = Te/ Te Boc= Te/te Ae i ann Ue ae = bc /ble fee_= Dh /oTe ope Y Ove. Boc Pac = Mtg, Ve —» Internal Resiste mn sistue (ac) per : Fede Vrms = # TE Vary prait) = Vo nm A cé] E> gronded B—> inquwe Cos eht Bet, [alce ! Co yrorded a> cub pa Bo bet in pe [3 ck Bqrenbed —— Cronb hub E-inpot Re ae Sw? Q_ee bia OY hee # SY fa ee Lal Le pets pada Ba Nod Fe oH 5 Pay oo Rs 3 8 ryeee wiP-4- 201? OE HAV = Vort Ay —_AL_z Teat/ Fy AP 2 AL (av) Vetkage. Gain Ay) 2 Ven 2% VALS —4__R-Bemetin and _h-Rrmeter ——* his input inpednse CResintane) [2] hy s Mtge fed Rack Ratic ps deruwd Curent gene = he zouk pate __Amedinse. (ComBunse) (SD EUR] Tue Sy ot Aeat __(Revevse_webtye or Hoy, = Ohne Bie. LAVAANVAVANY = 25-8 mv x 26 mw Tee Tea ez he ~ Nee Ye = Wyeth a Yee LG oie = bee (uth) — f= ie =) RA RPDY TPR VADY liniarail a A D 2 2 2 2 (evel) Mt hiithw = 8 (eG t 2 = Vion hpi Gwe yey tbs 5 his ay = 2 Cred G& hee VU @ i= Copen—eieck) Va ye = bi, 1G) Vs Coen) ‘J, £9) Va (snorted) Sd Gd A DAO ddd eee LEEEE rh L —— a a CE_Anlysise Funan jet ie Vine | ar o_o — = fe = OFC ae (pen) you enqait cen dtl eke Vile De pe pst BED lty.edivada?_ J? fe = 2b mu Tee ~ (rorted) Cg Oe fso 3s we £ ol ue » hey (shefte) ) Ne»\\) g \\\\\ gue etceti nee = Recap, ines aad B= Te Ts Tee T.:fTp Rin (ey 4 Smet! Later bese AC #VR = £Ty (Re + ve) ~Yy_- piRe a re) avy Rin y= Pinay = B (Rein) 12 Rin (4y2 Rina = B (Retr) ee, Rar Re_ WAVY \ kV = Rent Tie HVin 2 UY = Vy = on Rinteires Sp AV 2 ome in 2 (RMR [ aE these) a CRe RD) (Reve) ULL CCLLLAAgm [ae with Rs = Taber == Rint? Ree= 2? AVET t = Ava Riv RE uO Re *¥e FAC _ eg wivelnt Creat 27 A) Rinz? WAT=7 4 with. CC B Sout 22 Aret Fe with Rr 2D pve? = Je witret Re (Phare Shit] Als Tot 2 - de 2 oP Pret Shafts 120° Tis i, VF te} p= AT- Ay = B (Rin Re? Re rte Riaz Riaz = Re U7 Reine Bin th)= phe + ve) Re = BR wR: Ye= 26 mv GQ TL pnigsis pe oy. ene wwe Ae ou GW AW SSN SAH FT Pe sy Vv euevwvwewsesewvevevwrvyFvrvr * MNVLAULALLALALE AC__eg uivelant ‘yeu (6) | Hate 6, B+ By CRe /R.) a Pos Ce (Re u RQ) — - It < ome Rin (B)= UY [+ = zs e fe Rie eT 43 : | 7 _ oF fm ly 2 Rina = Ro_/7 Ringgy PLP devel var OS eR oF es Reo | — Rh LV RR fe 7 RZ Ra =| aa ee Row et ; “~ KReae = Re VRe an Re Re oT Vine ( Bles Re®)) vow RE WR oF xe DL (less thn 4) fe BHU ow | Free a1} op & | wAP = AL (AY 2 Buy ae _#e = BL RR) j K | is w hs k Wye + Re _HW& with Rs witht Re PEPE RTT TTEEE EE EES SOS eS SECS EEC EEE EEE with “Rea Rer UR) if RS RaweRneretee® rn R. # Roe = Re ZR. = gy Ay = Vee - Ret Ce Vert Vin Rinces be ahs igvle 3. Ave Rut { Pt F.. Rintes Fe) if Re Se Ay eRe IR a Re - = Te Riz) Paw, . inlay eae ite ead tin why = Ady = 1 ( RevR\ ¥ Ay Var: J Ay As “Rin Beat fot silk) ce igh high (B) high Low \ae crt poet one eo tell=e ce ek Figh(B) igh bow wi Piase 6 > ¢ CB fhign 47 ow high ne phase CB |0 » . o . . ° > * > > 2 2 2 a 2 2 2 a 2 2 ITHISS SMR Y Exomple (6-3 OE es cE Vez \0 mVrms Rez 700 Tez 3-€ma Bs 160 Seger ie = 26 mY 26 mV 2 éSEa Te 3-8 mA & Reywace) = fle = 60(652 2) 2 1-05 Ko ER 2 R URW Rthase) = LEA ER EA MNOS Kos 893 v= {Ba et) ie = [873.2 lo my = Z4y mV Ret Rin) Vga 7 Example (6-5 )i- Az Re Se 6 Yea Re S66 SE = Re. ke 21st Cuith Cr) re 6-56 Example (6-6):~ . _ R25 kn Sele Ree RRL - (Vka (SKA) = 333 - Ret Re CK Aye Re ~ 233 2-127 Yes SBRweeseevevueuveeee eee Ve SE CUS == wwrewerlh Or a= UNS UM Bu = Be = 126. ° ¥ Rut = Ro=lka : ar L & Baye Be UL le) : - * Ry 2 5 = 7 a:QRe FE Recike {: + = K £ (we) x Vee Vez (Me \ Rie Sif BRe> Pe Siem RAR & Ty = Ver Ri Rinew, = UPIS Rit (Re Y Rime) 4 Eq © leg = Ve- Vee = S- °F _ 4.47 mA Re S60 4 ve = Mme ee Ye Tea REZ mA (wnnce) Kine = Re J/Bee = SKM Foe = 6.07 (without Ce) Biney 2 BMA (te+Re) = Sk og.ak & SKK # Avs Ve rho Re - -B Re Re. IK = ps0 Vie Eg RinlB Raw? fa, 4og Een So eae Miah dee eke 2 rt STS aoe SB (Gan b) (without ce) Ay <(Bis)Re & Rune Yer Re Bs Upp = 12-S v= 250 X50 = 125008 mv Cuithest C6) Mat = 1-8) (50 my) 21 Qwith CE) Vout = S89 Se) = 12-5 ve! AP= AT @v)