Nc =a ay STUDENT'S BOOK eee] ene ce ccd Aa ss with step-by-step guide to the examDe SER BUM + Reporting verbs | + Participe clauses + Inversion + Exam skills + Review of tenses and ‘verb patterns + Exam skills Bre ce + Action and atmosphere + Thought, + Art and culture + The senses + Music + Work “crime Learning + Phrasal verbs (5): life's ‘dramas + Words with similar forms + Comparative expressions: Tike, 35, 8 f/ though + Collocations (4): verbs + + Exam skils + Atfxes: review + Phrasal verbs (6): work + Exam skils Writing reference choice Part lexam ‘summary Unit ih = Vocabulary Word building Reading Present tense review | «Family and friends | + Acjecivesufixes + art: Mutple + Past simple Home ite “Verb patterns (+ gerund /| "choice aa used to and would «Free time infinitive checking context sed and-ing adjectives Relative clauses | « Anpearance compound adjectives | «Part 2:Gapped | Arr ‘articles Personalty * Phrasol verbs: fe ! pe ation Felatonsipe understanding + Extreme adjectives text How ! -Narratvetenses | +Travel + comparatives and + Part 3: Multiple “Comparative linkers | “Geography and | "superlatives matching imate + Verb patterns (2+ gerund | » reading for + Accident and orintntive Specie emergency + Easily confused nouns information + Future forms + Environment | + Determiners Port 2: Capped A Sotheruses ofthe | Time ‘phrasal verbs solving | “text | TRU ELS gerund and infinitive | + Animals problems. finding clues + Nour sixes Conditionals 0-3 | « Places + Compouné nouns + Port: Mutiple {Conditional nkers | + Advertising + Callcatons(): repostions| _chelce CE Sait ite ‘nouns checking the + Easily confused verbs content + Modal veros x: | Heath and fitness | «Adverbs + art 3: Multiple ‘obligation, necessity Food + Phrasal verbs (3): health matching andedvice: ably” |S yovement “ Adver® cllocations + synonyms and + Permission paraphrasing + The passive + Science and + Negative prefixes ‘have/ get something | "technology *colscations @: eros + dane + Computers prepostions ‘Communication | + Wordstem transformations - oss verbs @e | Emotions + Responses ity hction ‘Abstract nouns | + Phrasal verbs (4: behaviour + Coorsnating i i “Hake and do reper Coordinating linkers | « Laughter Make and dc + wishes and regrets | « Success and failure | « Words with similar meanings| «Part 2: Mulile “axed condtionals |“ Sport {Coloctions Gi: adjectives +| "matching Ona be + Body idioms prepositions matching Get used to + Word families correct = Reported speech | «Film. fiction and Tv | «Expressions with mind | «Part: Multiple + Part 2: Gapped text + Part 2 exam summary + Part 3: Multiple ‘matching + Part 3 exam summaryae Peed “Part: Aninformal email | « Part 2: Open cloze ‘Linkers basic linkers | reading for gist ‘understanding the task | » Part 3: Word formation » the stem word “Part 2: An article + Part 4: Key word transformations ‘Punctuation and speling | + following the instructions writing an article + Part I Multiple-choice cloze > reading for gist “Part 2:A story ‘Part 2: Open cloze ‘Linkers @2):time linkers | s part of speech writing a story + Part Multiple-choice cloze » eliminating options ‘Part tA formal email + Part 4: Key word transformations + Linkers 3): purpose, reason | » thinking about language and result, + Part 3: Word formation informing the reader suffixes “Part 2: An essay + Part 4: Key word transformations ‘Linkers (4): addtior key words ‘contrast and summarising | * Part : Multiple-choice cloze writing an essay easly confused words + Part 2: A report + Part : Open cloze + Formal language verb forms writing a report + Part t: Multiple-choice cloze ‘meaning and usage + Part: A formal letter Part 4: Key word transformations + Pronouns ‘making changes + organisation and cohesion | + Part 3: Word formation the whole word Part: Aninformal etter | + Part 2: Open cloze + Word order the whole context range + Part i Multiple-choice cloze + collocations «Part 2:Set text (an article) | » Part 4: Key word transformations + Appropriate language keeping the meaning vaset text + Part 3: Word formation + word families “Part 2: A review + Part 2: Open cloze + Opinions usage writing a review + Part 3: Word formation + words with a similar form Part: Aninformalemail | «Part 2: Open cloze + Preparing for Part 1 Part 2 exam summary ‘Part 1 exam summary + Part i: Multiple-choice cloze Part lexam summary + Part 2:A formal letter + Part 4: Key word transformations + Preparing for Part 2 Part 4 exam summary Part 2 exam summary + Part 3: Word formation Part 3 exam summary Listening + Part 1: Multiple choice » preparing to listen + Part : Sentence completion approaching the task + Part 3: Multiple matching > listening twice + Part 4: Multiple choice + listening to along text + Part 1: Multiple choice > opinions, + Part 2: Sentence completion » giving relevant answers + Part 3: Multiple matching > listening for clues + Part 4: Multiple choice attitude + Part : Multiple choice + Part i exam summary + Part 2: Sentence completion + Pert 2 exam summary + Part 3: Multiple matching Part 3 exam summary + Part 4: Multiple choice Part 4 exam summary Sy += Part: Interview » personal preferences + Part 2: Long turn » preparing to speak + Part 3: Collaborative task » understanding the task + Part 2: Long turn » comparison + Parts 3 and 4: Collaborative taskand discussion + discussing opinions + Part: Interview + staying calm! + Part 2: Long turn + faking for one minute + Parts 3 and 4: Collaborative ‘ask and discussion + Listening + Parts 3 and 4: Collaborative taskand discussion +3 full response + Part t: Interview Part | exam summary + Part 2: Long turn Part 2 exam summary + Parts 3 and 4: Collaborative ‘ask and discussion Part 3 exam summary eGzmG@)Introduction About FCE FCE (First Certificate in English) is an exam set by the University of Cambridge ESOL examinations. if you pass, you will get a qualification which shows that you have an upper- intermediate level of English and that you can: + use English in a range of situations with native or non- native speakers + understand written texts such as letters, newspaper atticles and fiction + understand spoken English in a range of situations such as extracts from the radio, and talks and interviews + pick out factual detail and identify opinion and attitudes from longer reading and listening texts + follow instructions and ask and answer questions appropriately + express opinions and offer advice + take part in a conversation on a wide range of topics + make notes in English while somebody is talking in English. About Target FCE Target FCE will help you improve your English, practise the question types used in FCE, and develop the skills you need to pass the exam, Each of the 12 units in the book looks at ‘one of the topics that could appear in the exam, and contains ‘sections on grammar, vocabulary and word building, as well 4a realistic exam practice on all five papers. Exam practice Each unit includes work on all five exam papers, so there are plenty of opportunities to practise every part of the exam. The exam tasks are supported by Exam tis, which give you helpful hints on how to do that task. The Workbook contains lots more exam practice questions. Language focus and Vocabulary Each unit introduces and re-uses important topic vocabulary. The Grammar and Word building sections systematically practise the key language areas you could need for the exam. There is also a Language summary section at the back of the book (pages 156 to 167), which looks at the language points covered in the lessons in more detail. You can get further practice of the language points and vocabulary in the Workbook and in the On target? review units. © ‘The CD-ROM Exam Trainer There are two ways you can use the CD-ROM. You can doa normal practice test under exam conditions, or you can use the Exam trainer to get extra tips and advice about how to do each question. You can also print out your scores to see how you improve while you are studying. The format of the exam Paper Part Number of Task type ‘questions / timing 1 Reading Patt 8 Multiple choice hour Part2 7 Gapped text Part3 15 Multiple matching 2writing Part) 1 Compulsory task ‘hour 20 minutes Part2 1 Choice of five tasks 3Use of English Part! 12 Multiple-choice cloze 45 minutes Part2 12 Open cloze. Parts 10 Word formation Parts 8 Key word transformation Listening Part! 8 Multiple choice _2ppro%. 45 minutes (discrete items) + Pat2 10 ‘Sentence ‘completion Parts 5 Multiple matching Part4 7 Multiple choice (long text) 5 Speaking Part! 3minutes Interview 14 minutes Part2 3 minutes Long turn Part3 3minutes Collaborative task Part 4 4 minutes Discussionaateneie de hd oS Family and friends i is ciscassprctes Acc and ay ty you think pecple might keep these phots. ‘As lar as can tell, the photo shows One possibility is that. Itlooks asif/ though they're People may / might / could / would keep this because © What do you think the relationships between the people in each photo? © Think out the people in your ite. write down the name ofa person you associate with each of the istration. Dont spend too long thinking! QS»: Listen to someone explain what the ilustrations mmean then tell your partner whether you agree or disagree with the explanations and wt, ‘Topic vocabulary: fly and ends tee tme (Grammar: present tense review @ past simple teed fo al would Word building: acioctve tb pattrn ed and ing adjective ‘Writing: an informal email @ linkers (1) ‘Exam preparation: at Use of Engi Spealng Ps fing P QS Listen again and complete phrases 8 1. someone you get on_with 2 youenjoy __other’s company 3 you might not have a lot _ common with them 4 someone who drives you 5 thisis someone you look __to 6 sorieone you take __in your family 7 aperson you've fallen ___ love with 8 someone you feel really close (TELE P Family and friends P Workbook p. 4 Q choose tve expression rom Actity Sand match them to different people in your life. In pairs, take it in turns to describe each person, giving details. How good a listener were you? Write one sentence about each of your partner's ‘important people’. Then compare sentences. Did you remember correctly? un)Reading: © desi te photos and answer te questions. 1 What kind of people do you think lve in these homes? 2 Which home would you prefer to live in? Why? Exam practice Peete oe Bens trac meetied ooo ce ea ca eo hr rer rete esc) meaning) of each paragraph, You do NOT need to understan: Sarr eecuatos Bs ets ema ‘again carefully and underline the answers a Bt eee which best matches the evidence in the text. foe ca eu @ ees the extract from an autobiography qucky for ist and {ind two sinlerties or erences between the writers home and your own, Tell your partner about them. © © For auestons 8 choose the answer (A, B,C or ) which you think fits best according to the text. Question one has been given as an example. 1 What advantage did Bill's parents have? A. They came from wealthy families, B) Their income was higher than the average. C They lived close to the people they worked with. D Their house was the largest in Des Moines. 2 Asa boy, what did Bill think of his brother and sister? ‘A. They did not enjoy his company. B_ They did not seem lke children to him. C They preferred to spend time with adults. D_ They did not want to get to know him fully. 3 What do we learn about Michael in paragraph 2? He had some very untidy habits at home. He found sharing a room inconvenient. He was proud of his collection of handkerchiefs. Bill was very sympathetic about Michael's illnesses. 4 What does ‘was not her strong suit” mean in ine 25? A. was not something she did often B_ was something she complained about was not something she did well D_ was her least favourite thing 5 Bill suggests that dinner was usually late because his mother ‘A. got caught up in other tasks. B_ never finished all the housework. C often forgot to prepare any food. _ spent too long shopping after work. 6 How did Mrs Bryson feel about the food she prepared? She was extremely embarrassed about it. B_ She did not expect her family to eat it. She had a worse opinion of it than her son did. She did not think it was too badly burned toeat. 7 Why does Bill think that his parents got on so well? ‘A. Mr Bryson enjoyed eating over cooked food. Mrs Bryson did not notice that her husband hated the food. C_Mr Bryson forgave his wife for her terrible cooking, D_ Mrand Mrs Bryson both enjoyed food with strong flavours. 8 Bill was interested in his mother’s magazines because ‘A. he didn’t have very much to do at home. B_ he was keen to learn more about his mother's work. they showed him a very different way of life. D he wanted to learn how to look after a house properly.Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid Because my parents both worked we were better off than _most people of our socio-economic background (which in _Des Moines in the 1950s was most people), We — that isto say, ‘my parents, my brother Michael, my sister Mary Elizabeth (or Betty) and I~ had a bigger house on a larger lot than most of| ‘my parents’ colleagues. It was a white clapboard house with black shutters and a big screened porch atop a shady hill on the best side of town, My sister and brother were considerably older than I — sister by six years, my brother by adults from my perspective. They wete big enough tobe seldom around for most of my childhood. For the first few years of my life, I shared a small bedroom with my brother. We got along fine. My brother had constant colds and allergies, and owned atleast four hundred cotton handkerchiefs, which he devotedly filled with great honks and then pushed into any convenient resting place — under the mattress, between sofa cushions, behind the curtains. When | was nine he left fr college and life as journalist in New York City, never to return permanently, and I had the room to myself after that. But I was still finding his handkerchiefs when I was in high school ‘The only downside of my mother's working was that it put a little pressure on her with regard to running the home and particularly with regard to dinner, which frankly ne ~ and so were effectively fee 25 was not her strong suit anyway. My mother always ran late and was dangerously forgetful into the bargain. You soon learned to stand aside at about ten to six every evening, for it 1vas then that she would flyin the back door, throw something in the oven, and disappear into some other quarter of the house to embark on the thousand other household tasks that greeted her each evening. In consequence she nearly always forgot about dinner until a point slightly beyond way too late. Asa rule you knew it was time to eat when you could hear potatoes exploding in the oven. ‘Weedidnitcallit the kitchen in our house, We called itthe . by Bill Bryson WS a bit burned? my mother would say apologetically at every meal, presenting you with apiece of meat that looked like something ~ a much-loved pet pethaps — salvaged from a tragic house fie But I think I seraped off most of the burned part} she ‘would add, overlooking that this included every bit of it that had ‘once been flesh. Happily allthis suited my father. Hispalate only responded to two tastes ~ burned and ice cream ~ so everything was fine by him so long as it was sufficiently dark and not too startin flavourful. Theirs truly was a marriage made in heaven, for no one could bur food like my mother or eat it like my dad. ‘As part of her job at the Des Moines Register (the local newspaper) my mother bought stacks of housekeeping magazines ~ House Beautiful, House and Garden, Better Homes and Gardens, Good Housekeeping ~ and I read these with a certain avidity, partly because they were always lying around and in our house all idle moments were spent reading something, and partly because they depicted lives so absorbingly at variance with our own. The housewives depicted in my mother's magazines were so collected, so organized, so calmly on top of things, and their food was perfect — their lives were perfect, They dressed up to take their food out of the oven! There were no black circles on the ceiling above thei stoves, no mutating goo climbing over the sides oftheir forgotten saucepans. Children didnt have to be ordered to stand back every time they opened their oven doors. Burns Unit , Vocabulary in context: home life © ! pairs tina words nthe text which refer to) pats ct anouse,b) household appliances or uritre, How many other words can you think of 4) shutters (paragraph 1) @ Winte» setintion or an example sentence forthe following words ond expressions inthe text 1 had te oom to myselt (paragraph 2) 2 aways an ate paragraph 3) 3 overlooking (paragraph 4) 4 into the bargain (paragraph 3) 5 amarriage made in heaven (paragraph 5) EEERMD > thom tle P Workbook p.4 What's life lke in your house? Write 50 words on one of the topics below on a piece of paper. Be as interesting or as funny as possible. housework mornings mealtime evenings Sundays ‘Mornings in my house ave always a stressful time When you've finished, give your description to the teacher. Don’t write your name. Read the descriptions from the rest of the class and try to match one to each of your classmates. eG)@ wes eryson wants he family to helphermake dinner, @ Inpairs look at the sentences and label the timelines but everyne hasan excse!In ats decievnlchis|__ “> withthe caret tenses Caplan the dferencen the best / worst excuse. Do you ever help out at home? meaning between sentences A and B. A Uv thereat summer. 8 rve been Ming tere or years. 1 Don't ask me -| help with dinner nearly every evening! 2 Have you ever tried my cooking? It’s terrible! 3 I'm doing my homework at the moment. 4 "ve been working since 7:00. | need a rest! 5 I've already had a sandwich, so 'm not hungry. 6 I don't live here - I'm just visiting! » ps @© complet gaps nthe table withthe tenses in the . i Work in pairs. Write excuses for people in the following : es 16 in Activity 1. Leis stadt ante ° situations! Include at least four of the words in the list. present continuous present simple present perfect = ET ce cont nano 9 ut th your rend tng 1 ‘A. unchanging or permanent present Sorry but 've already got plans. | promised to situations babysitages ago. B regular or repeated actions 2 you were late home last night 2 © changing or temporary present 3. you missed your last English lesson E past actions with a present result 4 TF actions that staredin the past and) Imagine you are going to interview someone fora Birucicnenoot Le ape eriamattiarLiatnaraa Interesting questions to ask, Including a range of tenses. ‘Student A: You will interview the person in photo A. Student B: You will interview th in photo 8. We don't usually use a continuous form with certain ‘ou wll interview the person in photo verbs used to describe states (be ike, et) I hate cooking. NOT -am-hating cookin, > ps: ‘Work in pairs and write the correct present form of the verbs. Have you ever used excuses like these? 1 AsAtiast, you (arrive)! (wait) here all morning! B: Sorry | (be) late. loversiept. 2 Az(you / do) anything at the moment? Can you help ime tidy up? BEEF... we (do) a project for school. Sorry, it (be) really important. 3.A:Carla, hurry up! You (get) ready for hours! 1 (come) It (take) effort to look this good, you know. 4 AcListen! They (play) my favourite song! (you / want) todance? ‘Take turns to interview each other. Answer the questions B: So sorry, but | (hurt) my leg, so can't dance. asf you were the person in the photo. Then decide Otherwise I'd love to! which person you would most lke to meet and why. ©Dstt Get ready: used fo and would @ Read the quotations. Has Liz and Danny's relationship ©) Complete the rules with used to or would, What tense got better or worse? has a similar meaning to these structures? f + infinitive to talk about a past action or ‘state that does not happen or exist now. + infinitive to talk about a repeated past ‘action that does not happen now. We often use this form to talk about pleasant memories. TEED > tec to and would P Workbook p. 8 © Work in groups. Compare your life ten years ago with ‘your life now, using used to and would. Consider the following topics and add ideas of your own. How much ‘does your group have in common? 1 your interests 2 your favourite foods 3 your daily routine 4 your friends used to love cartoons. Now | think they're boring! hat did your relationship use to be like? A © discuss questions 1 and 2 in pars. Then uly rea the aril baow. Dd any of your ideas appear inthe ext? 1 Why do peopl often feel exe andhappy tthe Stato restionshig® 2 Dothese fangs sual stay the sme? Why? © complete the exam task below. ec ee cos Read quickly ~ don’t waste time trying to understand Ca Seo rae ru gee anc ete ead For questions 112, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). ‘Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Love and relationships Inthe past, the frst stages 0) .....OF..... ove were often described a ‘ovesickness’, and many people 0 to believe that love was a kind of madness! However, (2) could be a rational, scientific explanation for the intense feelings we experience when we fall (3) love, Studies suggest that, when we are beginning a relationship, our brains produce a hormone called dopamine which causes us to feel great joy and ‘excitement. But watch out: this doesn't last! (4) ‘about a year, levels ofthe hormone recede, and we retum to our usual emotional levels. $0 (6) don't all relationships fall apart at that point? Luckily, it seems that a year is just enough time for couples to find out how well they get (6) with their partners, and how much they enjoy (7) cother's company. As a result, new bonds of love, affection and friendship are created which can last a lifetime, ‘According to May Wilks, who (8) ‘been happily married to Jack (9) seventy-eight yeas, “true love takes work. When we were first dating, Jack used (10) buy me flowers every week, and he co walk me home every evening after work. He's just as kind and loving today. Now I'm 106, Jack stil tolls me every day (12) beautiful lam! | couldn't be any happier."lultiple choice Get ready: fee ti Look at the photos and rank the activities from 1-4, with ‘being the activity you would enjoy doing the most. Explain your answers to a partner and agree on one activity to do together tomorrow. absolutely love ../ Ted be really up for (+ -ing) .. Ta much rather (+ infinitive)... than... because .. @ in pais complete the table. can you add any more txprestions? Find tee people the room wo share cow of your heres abike ride computer games a concert a crossword. a (youth) club dancing adrive the guitar ‘puzzle aquiet nightin awalk the beach some friends round shopping swimming yoga staying in going out do a crossword go have | go for play goto EEETED > Free ime P Workbook p. 4 Pec ee et pee ecea ee ered You will hear different speakers talking on a range of Cece eee ature and predict the topics you will hear. Underline any key words in the question. Exam practice © reas the exam taskin Activity 4. Find questions which relate to the activities in photos A-D. © 4:2 vou wit near people talking in eight diferent situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (ABorc). 1. You overhear a girl talking on the phone. What is her main criticism of Steve? A He talked about himself too much. B He told too many jokes. C_ He did not share her interests. 2 You hear aman talking about starting a collection, What does he advise new collectors to think about? A whether their collection will be a worthwhile investment B what kind of objects they are interested in C_ whether it will be easy to start their collection 3 You hear a gir telling a friend about a conversation she's just had. What was the main purpose of the conversation? ‘A. to persuade her parents to allow her to have a party B_ to.explain how tired and stressed she'd been feeling C to-suggest that the family spend more time together 4 You hear a student talking on the radio about a type of puzzle called sudoku. Why does he advise people not totry it? A Itis very addictive, B tis less interesting than other hobbies. C Itdoes not require any special sills. 5 Youhear a woman talking about her hobby of bird watching. What is the most important thing people can do for birds? A grow special trees and plants B_ keep cats out of the garden put out water for them 6 On the radio, you hear a man talking about music. What is he doing? ‘A. talking about his family’s musical interests B explaining how difficult it is to make money from music describing the background to his career in music 7 You overhear a couple talking about their free time. What do they agree about? ‘A. They watch too much television. 8 They need to do something different. They are going to go cycling, 8 You hear a woman talking about her hobby. Why did she start riding? ‘A. She wanted to take up a sport B She was passionate about horses. She wanted to help her friend.@ 120% tthe photos. which activities do you do? Whe do ‘you usually do them with? Are there any activities you never do? Why? © Workin pairs. atch the pairs of questions 3 withthe headings in the list. Then write one more question for each category. Home life Leisure time Likes and dislikes ‘@ Do you prefer spending time alone or with other people? (Why?) b_ What is your favourite part of the day? (Why?) © How much time do you usually spend at home? (What do you usually do?) 4 Could you tell me something about your family? @ Do you play any sports or games? (What do you play?) f Doany of your friends have an interesting hobby? (What does she / he do?) © Listen tose peop answering the questions in Activity 2. Which questions are they responding to? Match speakers 1-6 to questions a-t eae Pee eee In Part 1 you will answer questions about yourself. Try to eee see scr variety of expressions to talk about and interests: don't just ee ies ae ener #4» Listen again and complete the phrases for talking about likes and dislikes. Write the name or speaker ‘number of the person who gives these opinions. Person Opinion f ‘absolutely sailing 2 tm ‘graphic novels (=comics) 3 is really interested ______spiders 4 I'm not keen’ sport 5 V'd probably be with friends @ Workin pairs. How many mare useful expressions can you think of for talking about likes, dislikes and preferences? © Ask ant answer the questions in Activity 2 with your partner, qumt@)Word building Adjective suffixes © We cana suties endings) to some nouns and verbs to change them ite electives In groups, od ‘one more example for each suffix. Can you think of any more adjective suffixes? rely ~ reliable music = musical excel — excellent hope — hopeful full of hope) artist — artistic child childish act = active ‘less | hope = hopeless (without hope) “ous | glamour + glamorous + sport sporty © br ais write the correct adjective form of the words inbeta The Simpsons ‘The Simpsons are one of the world's most (1_ fame) ‘families! As well as baby Maggie, they consist of: Marge (the mother) - the most (2 depend) person in the household, Marge is. a(3___ help) and loving Mum, She's always very (4 protect) of her famy — even when they get into trouble! Homer (the dad) - (5 _ greed), lazy and (6 __ care) at work, Homer isn't a great role model as a dad! Hes often (7 __seff), but, in the end, his love for his family always wins out Bart (the son) ~ the star of the show for many people, Bart is loud, rude and (8 ___ mischief). A (9 nature} comedian, he's fortunately also very (10 lke) and funny toot Lisa (the daughter) - completely (11_ differ) ‘rom Bart, Lisa is very clever and (12 ___ knowledge). Highly (13 _ success) at school, Lisa is the brains of the family! She's (14 _hero) in defending her ‘moral and (15 ___poltics) beliefs, although she can, bbe set-righteous at times. — Ove. Verb patterns (1): verbs + infinitive / gerund © Reas the protiles from the website Friends Online. Which person would you most lke to reply to? Why? Basia, 16, Poland I’m a creative, artistic person who likes. reading and drawing, and loves playing the guitar. I want to study music at university = if ' manage to pass my exams! This year T've decided to learn more about music, art and literature from other countries, so please get in touch if you share any of these interests. I look forward to hearing from you = I promise to reply to every email. Diego, 18, Argentina I’m a very sporty, active person. I love to play football and go surfing. I also really enjoy skateboarding, although I’m not very 00d. I've given up doing tricks ~ I keep falling off! What else? Oh yes, I'm interested in lots of other things, like computer games and TV, but I can’t stand shopping! I'd really like to hear from people who are into the ‘same stuff, I hope to hear from you soon. Q uncertne ate examples of vrb/expression sto Infinitive OR verb/expression + gerund (-ing form). 5, complete the table with expressions from Activity 4 and the list below. Can you add any more? agree can'thelp don’t mind giveup hate practise prefer pretend seem start like Q write a short pote of yourst for the Friends Online website. Use at least two adjectives formed with the suffixes in Activity 1 and at least five verbs or expressions followed by to + infinitive or a gerund. Read the other students’ profiles and decide which three people you have the most in common with! EEEEEED > wontnookep. 75Use of English: Part Get ready: -ed and -ing adjectives Qinsentences 1 and 2, which adjective is used totalk ©) in pairs, talk about how you would feelin the following about a) how we feel, b) how something makes us feel? situations, Use -ed and ~ing adjectives. 1. My family is boring! 2. 'm bored by my family. 1. Your dad wants you to help him do some gardening Complete the sentences with the correcting or ed ‘Va be really annoyed. Gardening is boring form of embarrass’ excit- or tr. 2_ Your elderly relatives are coming to stay with you 1. When my mum turned up at the party, | was really for aweek, _. Everyone laughed. 3. You're doing your homework when a friend phones 2 We were all really when our sister married you fora cha. the pop star. We hoped we'd become famous too! 4 Your mum buys you some computer games for 3 Itelt so atter looking after my nieces all day, your birthday. went to bed early. 5. You're home alone when you hear a strange nose. 4 Going shopping with my mum i quite She QUINN) > oc cl ey majors Yeo pe never stops! = e 5 Dad please stop dancing! I'sso____. You look ridiculous. 6 Having a famous parent would be really Life would certainly be out of the ordinary! peactice ear Re et Q reed the exam task, fgnorng the gaps. What arene CR disadvantages of having a celebrity parent? Coe aca you must always change the stem word Q compete the exam task. nee aiteeainnbeteny pec Sarton eke For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals atthe end of some ofthe lines to form a word, that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Celebrity parents For many people, having a (0) .AMOUS. parent would bea dream — | FAME Come true. Imagine introducing Ronaldinho or Kera Knightley to your friends! Think about the glamorous lifestyle you'd lead, and al the wild, 0 parties you'd goto! . EXCITE But celebrity families aren't (2) fun. Fora star, stars NECESSARY don't make the most (3) parents, For some, their career. | DEPEND will aways come first. Then, there's all the (4) fromthe | ATTEND press. Growing up is often hard: but think about how (6) EMBARRASS you'd fee if you had to read about your mistakes in the news! And last but not least, celebrity children come under huge pressure to FASCINATE be beautiful, (6) and talented. After all, they know that people are (7) ‘CONTINUAL ‘comparing them to their mums or dads! \When you read the latest gossip about Jack Osbourne or Paris Hitt (son of a heavy metal singer ‘and daughter of a highly (8) businessman, respectively), you get the () that life asa celebrity's child brings a lot of problems too. So, maybe the press is being (10) ‘when it mocks famous offspring. Maybe we should show them more sympathy!Prepare In pairs, discuss the questions. 1 How often do you email your friends and family? 2 What kind of things do you usually write about? Analyse the task Read the task below, then read Mark's email. Which of these things should you do in your reply? Qlusetinkers to connect ideas (Q)copy language from Mark's email Ceorganise your work into paragraphs (use formal language () write about all the notes (use contractions (I'm, it's) Your English-speaking friend, Mark, has written you an email. Read Mark's ‘email and the notes you have made. Then write an email to Mark, using all your notes. Write 120-150 words in an appropriate style. © Feat the example task and model answer in the Writing reference on pages 168-9 and check your answers to Activity 2. Mark &th September Re: Hello! ‘weekend (the ones who live on the coast). What did you get up tor @ You'll have tc at my cor ee ‘month. Maybe you could visit then to0?- 2 eee ae ———Apologise and say My cousins gave me afew surf 2 «few surfing lessons atthe beach buts why nob. pau ‘can see, | wasn't very good! Have you ever been surfing?. iu love it, it's really exciting! What kinds of things are you into?, . ‘Na because. Anyway, Id better go. | ned to get ready for college, so « ‘ ara! treo cote toca. We MarkImprove your writin: linkers (1): basic linkers When you are writing itis important to ink your ideas in a lear and logical way. Some of the most basic linkers are and, or, 50, but and because but many more are possible! © Wien inkers can you ind Mar’ emai? How many other linkers can you think of? © Work in pairs and join the sentences in 6 in as many different ways as possible. Use the linkers above or your own ideas. Does the meaning change when you use different linkers? 1 My brothers and fell out. We'd had a huge argument. ‘My brothers and | fel argument. 2 get on like a house on fre with my mum. My dad never listens to me. 3. My bestfriend is my next-door neighbour. This means | see him every day. 4 Do you take after your dad? Do you resemble your mum? 5. The door of my house is blue. The shutters are also painted bive. 6 don't talk to my ex-girtfriend often. She drives me mad. out as a resultofa huge @ ens te inv grote blow, What do he inks and, ts, ‘as well and too have in common? Where do we usually put these linkers in a sentence? Tim absesse with surfing ave swimming ant I'm realy | into skateboarding as wel. My sister fs ao pretty keen} on skateboarding. Ses ad about Footéal t00, © Tink oft east two interesting things to say about topics 1-4, Write three sentences, connecting your with different linkers. When you've finished, explain your sentences to a partner. Which topic would they like to learn more about? Give them more details. 1 aperson who's sometimes annoying My brother's sometimes annoying. He's really ‘mischievous, and he often gets me into frouble too! I wish he would calm down, because sometimes he gets on my nerves! 2 place where | feel relaxed an activity I cant stand doing something | wouldn't want to live without Ready to write! {@ You are going odo the tsk in Activity 2. Read Mark's email and the notes again. Which note or ae 1 ge areason? 2 lak about your interests? 3 say sorry? 4 gue description? eos the Exam tp and note. Look at the iggs the tablet CA eee ee carefully before you start writing. Think about: who is writing to you: a friend or a stranger Sac el Can anon etna Peete Yn en ae eee peer) conte Prot een ee es er Notes | Example ideas | Your own ideas 1 | my brother came to stay went to the cinema 2 | away on holiday revising for exams 3 can'tswim «| hate sport 4 | going for bike rides watching fils @ wire your emai using ideas trom Actity 9 Remembettorespordto all of te notes © Look at the chechtst on page 169. Check your femal and make any corrections. mG)ed Unit 1 @ complete he text. write the correct form of the verbs Many people's idea of ‘family’ (0 _ includes inelude) a small four- legged pet — usually a cat or a dog. At the moment, there a be / already) more dogs and cats than people on the planet, and the number (2 and Brazil (3 the world, grow). Today, the USA, China Ihave) the biggest dog and cat populations in ince 1998, the mumber of dogs and cats in Brazil a rise) by over 30%! Our attitudes to animals ha hanged. People (5 not/ used to/ think) of dogs and cats as ‘pets’. In the past, people (6 __ keep) cats because they (7 ceatch) mice, and dogs were useful because they guarded the house. Today, cats andl dogs more closely (8 heiress Paris Hilton, who (9 to cheer herself up when she felt depressed, (10 resemble) family members or friends. The buy) her little dog Tinkerbell carry) her pet everywhere, often dressed in matching outfits and jewels! © wire stad questions for the answers, More than one corect question may be posse, 0 He's got two brothers anda stepsister, How many brothers and sisters does he have? No, 1¥e never bee nove. We've been staying at my mather‘iv-law' house for tvee weeks Wy oendmather came rom Columbia Nove cd use to gt on at all when we were young hy da very dependaderelabe person Welve ina lage white nove witha ack ont porn ousun— ers you nc compte rere merre eae crs aaa persox 1 Alte ores in working 2 toften 3 renee 4 Before was famous, dit useto Q coos tne correct alternatives © 1'm really closet0/ with my sister 1 [don't get on good / well with my cousin. I can't stand te de / doing housework We decided to get / getting married last year. Can you de / play this crossword? Grancidad's stories are always long and bored / boring He really looks up / out to his mum. We usualy go / go fora walk on Sundays. They had a marriage done / made in heaven, 6 @ coose the correct suit form the sdectve For each adjective writes Seno Sane yo. ee © protect al ve/-ous My dad is very protective of his family, and he tries to make sure that nothing bad ever happens tous. depend -able /-ed / -ful hero -al /-le /-less success ~less / -ful / -able greed -ful / ~y / -ous selfish /-ive /-y waun- Work in pairs. Write definitions for six ‘words or expressions from this unit. @ Fir encer par. Take tn turns to etree setae arash socouse em ord Or pirate, Which par gets the most ceedWord building: compound chan Writing: an article Appearance Do you recognise any of the people in photos A-D? Why are they famous? In groups, complete the table with the adjectives. Try to add as many extra ideas as you can to each category. bald curvy clean-shaven dyed freckled glamorous gorgeous hideous pale plump skinny slim stubbly stunning tanned wavy well-built wrinkled skin / general | complexion appearance | = 2 Take turns to describe people in the photos. After each description, decide as a group how attractive the person is on a scale of 1 to 10. Give reasons for your score, hair/ beard build / size bald 8 21 You are going to hear a ‘face reader’ explain what people's faces can reveal about their personality. In pairs, match physical features 1-6 to the people in photos A-D. Then listen and check, Cee) wtiat does y ur face say about you? | § | f lively, extrovert round face | A square chin | 1 Je 3 curly hair 4 thick eyebrows 5 wide mouth 6 _ large forehtead ®@ 2 Listen again and complete the third column In the table In Activity 4. Do you agree that people's appearance can tell you about their personality? ED » re: c= Work in pairs. Student A turn to page 149, Student 8 turn to page 151. ance P Workbook p. 10© 100k at the photos and discuss the questions in groups. 1 What do you think these people are doing? Why? 2 Do you ever watch shows like these? Why? / Why not? 3 Which show would you most ike to appear on? Why? Read the introductory sentence to the article opposite. in groups, discuss what kind of warnings or advice you think Saskia will give. © ouickiy read the whole article. Were you right? Exam practice Peete eed Biber trae tag See ee ec ee ~ Read the whole text first for gist and work out what the main ideas rien Look at the extracted sentences. Do any Ceres Bre toa ec eae uae re gad itences and in the text. Think carefully about any pronouns (he, it, this) or linkers (however, although, etc.) a en ees Read the article again carefully. In pairs, write one sentence about each paragraph, summarising the main ideas. Paragraph 1: TV can help people fo become successful very quickly. () Vocabulary © choose trom the sentences A-H the cone which fits each gap (I-7). There is. one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A Show business is probably the most competitive industry in the world. B You could say they're just trying to teach wannabes how to be more realistic about themselves and their abilities. They take from them a message that becoming famous is quick and easy. D Just because someone hasn't got he celebrity factor, it doesn’t mean that they haven't got other, more impressive qualities. E Shows ike these mislead people about the reality of tame. F However, most of them are pretty clueless about how we're meant to achieve this. G These distinctive personality traits are what keep the media interested. H In order for us to promote someone effectively, we have to be convinced that they genuinely have something original and exciting to offer. context: @ Find words in the article which mean the opposite of the following adjectives: Paragraphs 2-5 1 talented 2 hard-working 3 calm 4 sociable 5 ordinary, conventional Paragraphs 6-7 6 serious 7 modest 8 polite 9 kind 10 sensible @ '" pairs, discuss who your favourite and least favourite celebrities are, Giving reasons. Write sentences describing how your partner feels about two celebrities. kbbook p. 10When will | be famous? So you want to be a star? Saskia Young, the co-founder of The Raw Talent Agency, talks about the dream and the reality of the fame game. nobody into a cona Lewis, Before was just another pretty singer. Afler her Television can tun yesterday's millionaire overnight. Think about The X-Factor sh win, she released a best-selling debut album and became an international celebrity Young people watch reality shows like these and think, ‘hat could be me’.4 |__| And it certainly seems that way, when even talentless Big Brother stars can become rich and sing your way through ne stress of job applications famous, apparently overnigh a long degree or dealing with lack the appeal of becoming an ‘instant’ celebrity Since founding The Raw Talent Agency in 2004, we've seen the number of applicants rocket from a few hundred a year to almost fifty times that. Each young hopeful expects us to transform their lives. [2] ]. depressingly large number of would-be stars don't seem to have any real skills, heir own amazing powers of self-deception. apart from (One boy, who told us T want to be as famous as Brad Pitt dhe hated acting, Whats more, he quite refusing to take on any job which involved getting up before midday later conf Asa talent agency, we're not looking for ‘wannabes, i. people who just want to copy their favourite celebrities. [| And you dont necessarily need to be good- Tooking to catch our eye, In fact, we often prefer to take fon people who arent conventionally attractive, because out andl be remembered, they're more likely to stan Ifyou look striking rather th too. For example, being 1 refully, youl see that many A-list sta stunning They Angelina Jolie hi while Michael Jackso the reputation. for was notoriously 4 Bland people eventually just fade away: Unfortunately, we do have to reject the majority of applicants. Of course, this can be devastating for some, and I cant say that I enjoy this part ofmay job, But {always uy to offer postive feedback too. | § | — | They might be avery funny o smart person, oF mayBeitheie really creative. It would be a shame to waste these stills on realty TV One thing that abit diferent about my agency is that we consider each applicant very carefully on their own unique merits. We try not to be arrogant like the judges con Pop dol ot The X-Factor! [6] —] However, 1 cant stand watching people like Simon Cowell being rude 19 however ily they might seem The sad truth though, is that not everyone can be ‘the next big thing’ For every success story, there ae tens of thousands who never become stars. [7] —_] To malke it to the top, you've usually got to have exceptional talent, work extremely hard, and stay utterly focused. But most of all, youve got to be very, very lucky! Would you like to be famous? Why? / Why not? Tell your partner. @ Workin groups. You are going to plan your own realty ‘TV show! Decide together: 1. what the show is called. 2 what the people on the show will do. 3. what kind of contestants will take part 4 what the prize will be. Present your idea to the rest of the class. When all the groups have finished, the class should vote for the idea they would most like to watch on TV! am@Pot TT es Choose the colour that appeals to you the most. Then read the analysis. Tell your partner whether you agree, ‘explaining why / why not. 'B White, which sa pure colour, anpeals to people who like order and logic. Put the relative pronouns in bold in Activity 1 into the correct categories below. people places possession reasons things times Defining relative clauses give essential information about the word they refer to. ‘We can omit the relative pronoun if it is the object of clause. ¢ Non-defining relative clauses give non-essential (extra) information. | We use commas to separate non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. ‘© Relative pronouns + prepositions. In formal English, we put 2 preposition before whom or which. In informal English we use who or which and put the preposition at the end of the clause. >: © ead tne ues ann pars, answer the questions below. 1 How many brothers have got in each sentence? free ative causes dein o non-datining? A. My brother mho's a doctor has green eyes 8 Mybrother who's a doctor, nas green eye. 2 Which sentences more formal? In which sentence can Youomt the lave pronoun? A Thais he actor whe everyone tang about @ Thats the actor about whem everyone alin 2 othe sentences in Activ Vcontan dering or non: Setiung vate daies? We can also use what to mean ‘the thing(s) that” What (read in the colour quiz was very accurate. We dontt use what in relative clauses. "There was a part of the analysis which what I didn't "agree with. @ @ compete the gaps with a relative pronoun, what or 8 (no relative pronoun). if there is more than one possible answer, write both options. Remember to add any missing commas, Rebel, rebel! [Ey Adolescence is a time ___ most of us seek to become more independent, a change parents often find shocking, Ey There are some teenagers___wanttogo out every night, and others retreat totheir bedrooms ___ they listen to loud. music By 414 then there are the teenagers about ____ everyone complains ~ the ones behaviour seems to get completely out of control Ey But neuroscientists __have studied the brain argue that teenage rebellion is perfectly natural is interesting is that they have discovered the brain is still growing - we Are there any situations in which it's good to be a rebel? Discuss the question with your partner, giving ‘examples and reasons. iret eee rece yee rete tates sins, 4 and B. Team A follow the instructions on page 149. Team B follow the instructions on page 151.© complete the table with a /an, the or @ (no article). Complete the quotations in pairs. Write a/ an, the or 0. Which two quotations do you find most interesting? ee cen shallow people who do not judge by esas eet ‘appearances. Oscar Wilde rouns which have been previously mentioned 2. Regardless of how you feel inside, always try to ook + specitying a particular item like winner. Arthur Ashe a Exam practice Complete the exam task. When you have finished, check your answers carefully. Se ee eee someone's job + plural and uncountable nouns | + totaik about things in a general sense 5 wor! than’ SESE > Anticies > Workbook, ugly thing in my life. + singular countable nouns used for the first time John Constable 4 She got her looks from her father. He's surgeon. Groucho Marx Id is governed more by realities. Daniel Webster ee ad Se ee eee plastic ‘appearances For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning tothe first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS. (© This is the first time I've been on realty TV. HAVE NE BEEN. on reality TV before. 1 There wasn't a close resemblance between the star and her daughter, ‘The daughter ofthe star her mother, 2 My brother dances professionally, and he wants to become famous. My brother, | wants to become famous. 3 The last time the band performed was a year ago. The band year 4. Whenever | meet a new person, | get very shy. Meeting feel shy. 5 She is internationally famous, She world 6 Being followed everywhere isthe part of being famous that | enjoy the least What | famous is being followed everywhere. 7 Sara plays the guitar and her brother sings in the band. Sara, in the band, plays the guitar. 8 I prefer doing homework to watching boring reality TV shows! ra boring realty TV shows! NEVER TAKE PROFESSIONAL FOR PEOPLE ‘AROUND DISLIKE SINGER RATHERparrots: Get ready: fashion every) eerabteay ss, ope aettetate Lerner sanmeapeontaa bas entire: cememceen Postion» Workbook p.10 better? Discuss your ideas in pairs. ®How important do you think personal appearance is to these people? © 100k at photos A and B. Discuss questions 1-3 in pairs. 1. Why do you think the people are dressed like this? 2. Are there any situations in which you would change your usual style? 3 Do you think that the clothes you wear can affect the way people think about you? How? © Vou are going to hear a student comparing photos A and B and saying how important he thinks personal appearance is to these people. Before you listen, look at the Ideas below and complete the diagram in pairs. Can you add any more ideas? braving fun 9 having fan smarty dressed making an effort rebelious on adate wants to make an impression Unconventional style looks nervous image is important © #2 Listento. student taking about the photos. Does he include afy of your ideas? Exam practice Work in pairs. Student A look at the photos on page 149. Student B look at the photos on page 151. Sea 1 Drewa drank he one sly. pad cone Aeiaany raw a diagram lke the one in Activity 2. Spend a deal a minute trying to write as many similarities and differences as possible. 2. When you have finished, look at your notes and underine the best ideas. Seen eee aes CSc eae eis see ee ee eee nT) Pre i toca sie ro eT CEN ecu as) Ce Re cee ee ne Dee eure © S 2+ Listen to the instructions and take it in turns to describe your photos. Listen to your partner and write down the main similarities you hear. How many did your partner include?Word building: ; Compound adjectives Phrasal verbs (1): relationships Look at the story of Rosa and Matteo's relationship. ‘Then form two phrasal verbs to go with each picture, In groups, read the TV show titles and decide what you think the shows will be about. Which show would you most / least like to watch? Why? 1. The world's most self-obsessed celebrities 2 Exposed: the two-faced liar who deceived us all 3. How to be world-famous in six months 1 get gn” 4 Cold-blooded murder in Holywood AD 3 out Read the explanation and underline the compound adjectives in Activity 1. Compound a out | adjective is formed from two or more 3 fall a ten connected with a hyphen (>). For example, 4 spit. ioned = old-fashioned. Match 1-5 with A-E. Which compound adjectives describe appearance and which describe personality? What are the opposites of these words? Bee eae ota: 1 Apprejudiced persons often narrow Bate oto 2 He'sa very well a out 3. Many Mediterranean people are dark 4 im quite thick 5 She's a very caring and warm A hearted person. down B haired with brown or black eyes. 7 settle... {0 © “skinned. | rarely get offended. 8 bring... ¢ D dressed man. He always looks smart E -minded and intolerant. @ imasine that Rosa and Matteo are a famous celebrity couple. Write a paragraph about who they are, what 3 which phrasal verbs can go before with + someone? they are like, and why they are in the news. Include at least five compound asectives. Q Write the story rom Activity 5. Use phrasal verbs 1-8, Rosa and Matteo are both famous for being XY 1 Rosa and Matteo got on really well together. © ees ne atteo are nthe news again groups decide whether they area) geting avoreed or bynaving another aby: vide te tw tears Reporter: thnk of ve questions task Rosa and Maton Incudeat leat ve ferent ems of vocabulary tromthis page, ova and Matteo: Decide what otelthe ress hat hanpened? How are you fing? Wht do yu thnk about eachather? What ee you going todo nex? Act out your role plays. When you have finished, write a short summary to publish on Celebrity! website, TEED > Wosd00k p.77Get ready: ex j @ Read sentences A and B. Then answer the questions. ‘A Iwas surprised that the celebrities had split up! B | was astonished that the celebrities had split up! 1 Which adjective is more ‘extreme’? (= strong) 2 Which adjective(s) could follow the adverbs a) absolutely, b) very, or c) really? Work with a partner and make pairs of normal and extreme adjectives. Can you think of any other pairs? bad -big- crowded filthy funny furious hilarious huge packed tired ugly upset amazing angry attractive devastated dirty exhausted good gorgeous hideous scared terrible terrified normal extreme big huge Ot Imagine you are a celebrity. Choose a memorable event. Make notes about what happened and how you felt. your biggest-ever concert a celebrity wedding the premiere of your film your first TV appearance o ‘Work in pairs. Talk about your memorable event for one minute, using as many extreme adjectives as possible. Listen to your partner and count the adjectives you hear. Whose description was the most ‘extreme’? CREED > extreme aa > Workbook p. 11 Exam practice ee ee peer cne o Cees For each gap, ly See vee t just pi ne main t and think oa one ary Read the text in the exam task quickly, ignoring the ‘gaps. What are the author's main criticisms of celebrity gossip? Do you agree? Complete the exam task. For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. | | are absoltely (1) or looking (2) more media coverage than many polticians. It seems we're (4) ) © $500,000 each! Calebrities (7) ® ® to see pictures of them looking (11) oat B Whereas 1° A. tight B crowded 2 A tentfic B tertfied 3A peculiarly B especially 4A. interested B keen 1 5 A ot Bon 6 A hunger B wish | 7 A disagree B accuse J 8 A making B causing $9 A hard-working B badly-behaved J 10 A vate B price | 11 A greatly B completely | 12 A divided B cut ce ce c c c i c c ic c c c Celebrity gossip (© WHETHER, you lke itor loathe it, celebrity gossip is hard to avoid. Newspapers, magazines and websites with photos of the stars often unfttring ones of them in embarrassing situations, | after a long night out. Celebrites, @) the badly-behaved ones, regularly get by scandal, eager to know who is going with whom, whose marriage has just fallen apart, and who's been having problems. Thanks tothe public's for gossip, ‘exclusive’ shots of stars like Britney Spears and Cristiano Ronaldo can fetch a paparazzo that money-hungry reporters and photographers follow them everywhere they go, often great personal distress. In response, celebrity hunters argue that famous people shouldn't be so ‘and sensitive. Instead, they should accept their oss of privacy as tho (10) suuccass. But have things gone too far? Do we realy havea ‘igh to read about stars having « mental breakcown, or | devastated after they've (12) | ‘There seems to be a fine line between curiosity and crvely 4 of wealth and Lp with thelr husband or wite? Whats D Regardless | busy D packed ternbie D terorised remarkably 1D cecasionaly fascinated Dfond together Dover love Dart ery D complain beginning D resuting cold hearted D thin-skinned worth D charge very D considerably tom D spitPrepare €} Discuss photos A, B and C in pairs. 1 How could these people inspire others? 2 Which person do you find the ‘most inspiring? Why? Analyse the task le on the right, which a Quickly read the artic! which student wrote for Part 2 of the Writing Pape 1 Why did the student write about the woman in the photo? 3 student 2 What has the woman inspired the studi todo? 1 article more does the writer make th (one is incorrect), and find an example of each. Uses a mixture of formal and informal language O includes questions ives reasons for opinions uses linkers to connect ideas OQ ives examples includes a range of adjectives 0 @) ‘My inspiration: J. K. Rowling When | was younger | used te hate reading, but one person changed my atitude completely. That | Person was).K: Rowling, whose amazing Harry | Potter novels are loved by milions } ny is}. Rowling such an inspiration for me? —— 1 find her personal history almost.as impressive as her fascinating stories. When she started writing, she vasa single mother, struggling to bring upa baby daughter alone, Many publishers rected e her fest novel, butshe didn't aive up. Thanks foher herd werkand determination JK. Ronling is nowy a best-selling author. Today.).K. Rowing continues to provide a postive role model for her fans. Even though she's a celebrity, she's never vain or arrogant: In fact, she’s a very caring person who does a lot of charity work. She has definitely made a big impacton me. Not only do | now love reading, but ve been inspired fo e study itrature at university, Maybe one dau Maven warte my own books, instead ofjust reading them!Improve your writing: punctuation and spelling © ttistmportant to se correct puneuston na weting tak Write sentences re wth he correct punctuation With partner, dcuss why you had Formake each change. TP my opin tn cers bes role was captain Jack sparrow 2 ls true at hes te ony footer to have won thre wor cup mesa 3 whet was heme ofthe decor who made Iasi pak and avs 4 Snes acolonbln singer whose mos famous song i ahenever wherever 5 lint he wes th simpsons cartoons doesnt he & thsoctess as gol bet ong blonde ha and ted tobe nave to tm crue @ discuss who you thnk the people in Activity 4 are and how they might inspire people, Check Your sents on page a3 @ Aways cneck your work Look at these sentences from thre students’ work ad correct the mistakes. because 1 I inspired by George Clooney beese-he ‘campaigns extremily hard to protect the environment. { Check your spelling! 2 At the begining of the jormey, this | -exploror-stayed. in some accomodation apichr was realty unconfortabte } Useadictionary! 3 T'm_wettting about someone whose: my bigest Inspiration - my teacher! | Tock forward to her lessons, as heir always interested: Comectthis! | You have seen this advertisement in an international ‘magazine. INSPIRING PEOPLE ‘Tellus about a person you admire and why they inspire you We will publish the most interesting articles next month Write your article in 120-180 words. @ read tne tas above then chose» person to describ. Choose on ofthe follow 1 aceerity ero or other famous person. 2 someone you know well, for example a teacher or arate, @ Brainstorm as many ideas as you can about your Person, using these headings to help you. personality achievements your opinion Q Discuss your ideas with a ide on the six ‘most important ideas to Write a title that gives the main idea. Soe Arce Cee ee eee Ac) Pree ec Be Deere ten secre maet Ey range of language, e.g. adjectives and eee er em Caer) eat ras Give personal of ee area PR ae arc Conse nel Seo at Read the Exam tip and look again at the article on page 26. Decide how you are going to organize your ideas into paragraphs. Paragraph |: introduce the person write your aril, making it as interesting as possible © sep your srt with your pariner Look at he checklist on page 170 and suggest any corrections you think would be useful. eG)Cette Unit 2 © sain tne sentences using a relative cause. You may need io change the order ofthe sentences o lace one sentence ‘ inside anther 0 Elle is the world's best-selling fashion magazine. It was founded 1 in France. 2 Ihich was founded in France, is the world’s best-selling fashion magazine 3 4 1. Salma Hayek wore a gorgeous dress. It was made of sik 2 Gabriela Mistral is a poet from Chile. She was the first Latin- ‘American to win the Nobel Prize. 3 I met my hero Pelé, I'l never forget that time. 4 Liv Tyler is an actress. Her father is the Aerosmith singer, Steve Tyler. '5 Roman Polanski directed the film The Ninth Gate. His wife also starred init. 6 Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga. tis also the birthplace of ‘Antonio Banderas. 7. The Prada fashion label began in Milan. An annual Fashion Week is now held in the city. Graceland used to be Elvis's home. It's now a museum. 9 Bob Marley died in 1981, He's a famous reggae songwriter. @ complete tne text. se words fom the unit. Jean-Paul Gaultier is not a conventional fashion designer- in fact, he quite (0) e+. He likes to shock people at his shows, for example by using elderly male models with (1) b_d heads and (2) w______d skin. He thinks that you don’t need to be conventionally (3) g___-L____g tobe a good fashion model, and he thinks that fashion-lovers should be (4) b_ _ - 4, not prejudiced, His own appearance is unusual — he often wears items of women's clothing, especially (5) sk___s, and he often ‘wears jewellery, like (6) e Gaultier is a very confident, outspoken designer who dares to be ma In the past, he has st (8) f_____ 0__ with other, more i (9) co_ designers who have criticised his deliberately 5 controversial style. Nonetheless, he remains hugely popular. His Units 1-2 Q Werte the correct form ofthe vers. {ve always wanted (meet) Nelson Mandela. At the moment, the stars (wear) Versace. You're justin time! The X Factor (not begin) yet My sister (rarely / buy) designer labels. ‘The singer kept (try) to become famous. Leonardo da Vinci once (draw) plans for a helicopter. Models need to practise (walk) confidently own the catwalk © conpiete te tex with he correct words. material to be worn b Strauss, (3) en @) Cowra met 6) ea aa roto) like leather jacket m F fashion items in (8) Pcie ey ea arc fir or io cee Pie Pay Eo ore Ea) Sera @ complete the sentences, Use the acective form the words nthe Usk arrogance greed protect style like tire I think Nicole kidman’ very ‘She always looks good, He's very, _,Sohe finds it easy to make friends. Simon Cowell's so He always thinks he's right! My dad's very He wants to keep us safe. Fashion Week is very There's sso much to see and dol She's so_ ~ she's eaten all of the chocolates! © rep one mirte ta bout ind Or arer of your only. Deserta te Sp petaics sive and pecan now you tea abou his/her, ve our faksiipas What are the thre most Aes ire aeviteer iets yur catwalk shows are always absolutely (10) p____d with fans, who include the celebrities Madonna, Pedro ‘Almédovar and Marilyn Manson!Topic vocabulary hy a Writing or ( ax Travel Q: In pas, discuss photos A-E. What might people enjoy x about these holidays? Which kind of holiday would you © @oCeeaE prefer? Why? © Imacine that one half of the class are travel agents and © > Listen to three speakers talking about holidays. the other half are tourists. Follow the instructions. For each speaker, decide which of the activities in photos A-E they would probably like to do: Travel agents: Work in pairs to design a new holiday 1 thet Sores package that will appeal to students in your class. Consider the following ideas: © » complete these sentences from the recording, location (e.9. beach / city / countryside) Then listen again and check your answers. ‘© accommodation (e.g. campsite / villa / hotel) ich 4s got aca crane Tle ‘ activities e.9 day trips / evening entertainment) make the of them. ‘Tourists: Workin pars and decide what your 2 Idon't mind saving for something special ideal holiday would be. Think about location, 3 Lusually go sporty holidays accommodation, and activities. * ood pace, yvoucanottenset areal now foow these instructions. 5 | don't think we're really missing Tourists: visit each pair of travel agents and find out about the holidays. Choose one of the holidays to go on. Travel agents: try to sell your holiday. 6 Holidays are all about leaving my worries 7 They're always desperate to fit as much as possible before they head ___to the airport ATED > trv! Vorkdookp. 16 © Which holiday package was the most popular? Why? araG)Look at the photos. How dangerous do you think these activities are? In pairs, order the activities from the most to the least dangerous. © ‘ov are going to read a webpage on which four people have reviewed their holiday experiences. For questions 1-15, choose from the reviewers (A-D). The reviewers may be chosen more than once. Which reviewer mentions 1 planning to go back to the place they visited?) 2 doing something they had been wanting to try for a while? 3 not being allowed to do something? 4 wishing they'd been able to do other things on the trip? @] 5 feeling concerned about an aspect of someone's leadership? ia) 6 that their review is incomplete? 7 that they will never forget this trip? 8 not having been adequately advised on what to expect on the trip? 9 having a positive experience of their holiday accommodation? 10 not having sufficient skils to do something? 1 travelling a very long way on the trip? 12 being impressed by someone's expertise? 13 becoming unwell on holiday? 14 reading about the trip before travelling? 15 travelling through a variety of landscapes? oo! 0000000 0 Vocabulary in context: geography and climate @ read the reviews again and find words which mean: Q wat’ the most adventurous t you've ever done? Tell your partner. © every 1208 the reviews on page 31 and match the people to the photos. Who felt generally positive about Rha experience? Who elt les postive? LU Freee ues Pee ee nee tr ae ees read the text again carefully to ind information that Pcecre tet Exam practice Tener Eee ena eee et cee @ ea tne exam task questions in Activity 5 carefully ded undertne the key words 1. thick wood in a hot part of the world (review A) 2. small hills of sand (review B) 3 valley with steep sides and a river running through it (review B) 4 the sides of a hill or mountain; inclines (review C) 5 large mass of ice (review C) 6 top of a mountain (review C) In groups, look at the weather words in bold in the reviews. For each word, decide whether it: 1 is anoun, verb or adjective. 2 relates most closely to a) temperature, b) wet weather, c) windy weather or d) icy weather. © Werk in groups You are going to appear ona travel programme talking about your country. Consider: 1 what you are going to say about your country’s a) geography and b) climate. 2 what kind of information tourists would be most interested in, Present your ideas to the class. Whose programme do you think would be most useful for tourists? REED > coor and ciate» Workbook p16Jacek Puerto Rico Wildlife Expedition a ly Extreme Travel! | Costa Rica Wildlife Expedition Never again Inthe whole three months I was there, it ‘must have poured every single day. I isnt much fun rearing soaking wet clothes all day, and especially hot when you're trying to get to sleep. know thatthe ‘word rainforest should ave given me aclu, but felt that the holiday literature did not give an adequate ‘warning of what to expect. AS a result, many of us {including me!) arrived without all the right gear oF equipment fora jungle expedition, and the attitude Of the tour leader was prety unsympathetic, What’ more, her rather relaxed attitude to safety did ttle for ny peace of mind. Much of the wildlife there is deadly poisonous, ut we were given very litle advice on how to protect ourselves. used tole awake in my tiny tent all night, petrified of spiders and convinced Ta got all kinds of infectious diseases! Alin all, 1 would rate the trip as two stars ~ the forests were beautiful, but the organisation was Poot. Moroccan Off-road Safari The Safar is more than a holiday ~ its an experience that will stay with me for a lifetime. The tour began in Marrakech, where my family and T met our guide, laved, and were given the keys to our specally-built “offroad vehicle. We travelled actoss dunes and rocks from dawn to dusk, enjoying some very generous local hospitality t night. The desert was simply breathtaking, although the contrast between the scorching daytime temperatures and night-time frost did take some geting used to. After afew days, we were glad to feel 2 Fight breeze in the mountains, although we did have a bit ofa hiccup on the second day when Dad managed to get us completely stuck ina gorge! Fortunately s well fs being a wonderfully informative guide, Azef turned ‘ut to bea briliant mechanic too, and ~ much to our Sstonishment — soon had us out of the river. Despite fur little accident, we all enjoyed ourselves hugely. ‘The ever-changing scenery was spectacular, and the Jocal expertise was invaluable would wholeheartedly ‘recommend this trip to anyone lookin for something 2 bit‘ifferent © the website has a ‘rate this review’ feature. Readers an vate on whether they found a partic pet quite helpful, or not helpful. in pairs, agree Ae Yara Work in groups. {90 on together. class. Which hol peaprana a ONLINE TODAY: ae four travellers review their holiday experiences Trek Kilimanjaro Like many amateurs, Ta beard the descriptions of jgentle slopes’ and ‘mild climate’ on the travel programmes and romantically assumed that ‘limbing Kilimanjaro would be all about the great Views. [soon found out that it would also require higher levels of strength and ability than I possessed Kilimanjaro may have temperate weather at its base, but as we got closer tothe top of the volcano sve encountered huge, forbidding glaciers, and my ‘reath froze on my fae. Disappointingly for me, 1 never made it to the summit. 1 sufered dizziness ts a result of climbing at such high altitudes, and my expedition leader refused to let me climb any further. At the time, I was extremely upset and even, angry about this, and fl like Ta wasted my money: But the tour company offered me half price off return climb next year, which is prety generous of them. So watch this space ~ Ile you know how it goes! ‘Storm Chasers USA Tei been saving for this holiday fr the as five years, and it didnt disappoint. We saw giant hailstones, almost the size of golf balls, and stood in the downpour ofthree bigthunderstorms. But the best experience came on the last day, actually when we were headingback to the airport. [U.seen tornadoes ‘on TV before, but nothing rally compares to the sheer thrill -and terror ~ you experience when you feel one blow pas, ripping up fences and build just metres away from you. 1d rate this holiday fs four stars ~the tour guides were great, and the textreme weather itself was beyond brilliant, But 1 did get a bit fed up with the mini-an, especialy ‘when it was hot and humid outside. It would have been nice to get out more, instead of just going from one uncomfortable motel to another. We ‘covered huge stretches of country every da, with fo chance to fit in any ‘norma holiday activities, like sightseeing or shopping. Agree on one of the holidays above to Explain your decision to the rest of the iday was the most popular? Why? Te always dreamed about + -ing . for each review. Give reasons for your opinions. {couldnt pat p wih the wear GG)Read the first lines from some English novels. In pairs, decide which line you find the most interesting and why. ® ‘1c was. bright cold day in April, and the clocks { were striking thirteen. (George Orwel, 1984) ® De tannis had enjoyed a satisfactory day in which none of his patents had died or got worse. === _{(Lovis de Bernie, Captain Corell’s Mandolin) > © Thad been making the rounds ofthe Sacrifice Poles the day we heard my brother had escaped. {lain Banks, The Wasp Factory) James Bond, with two double bourbons inside him | sat in the final departure lounge of Miami Airport and thought about life and death. re _(lan Fleming, Goldfinger) Work in pairs. Complete the rules with the correct, tenses. Then decide what the tenses in bold in Activity 1 are, and why the writer used them. ere eneee a story; descriptions. ‘ago, on a dark and stormy night. ents in a story; actions which e another past action. (NOW) hhad left, the villain stole the jewels. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs. ‘Sometimes more than one answer is possible. The name's Fleming fan Fleming Before lan Fleming wrote (© write) his famous James Bond novels, he (1 already / lead) quite an exciting life. After he (2 finish) school, he travel) round the world and (4 make) a living as a Journalist and banker. While he (5 work) as an intelligence officer during World War Il, he (6 meet) many reabiife spies! He (7 invent) the James character while he (8 live) in a villa in Jamaica, inspired by his wife, Anne, who (9 encourage) him to write novels for years. Fleming {10 name) his hero after the author of one of the books he (11 read) at the time ~ Birds of the West Indies by James Bond! Sales of the Bond novels (2 leap) when the American president, JF Kennedy (3 recommend) them in 1961. Unfortunately, lan Fleming, who (14 drink) heavily for many years, (5 die) of a heart attack in 1964, but not before he (16 write) twelve James Bond novels and two collections of short stories ~ and created one of the ost famous characters in fiction Write your own first line of a novell Complete the sentences. Use each narrative tense at least once, 1. When James Bond arrived at the party, he 2 An amazing thing happened while | 3 The day before she robbed the bank, Rosa .. 4 All night long, the detective 5 As soon as he saw her, he 6 For three whole weeks, the spy, Felipe... © Wiork in groups. Choose one of the first lines you wrote in Activity 4 and write it on a piece of paper. Then follow the instructions. 1 Give your story to the person on your left. 2. Read the line you've been given and write the next sentence in the story. 3 Continue steps 1 and 2 until each story is six sentences long. 4 Read your story tothe rest of the group. Vote for the best one.UPC gees Get ready: so, such, too, enough Read visitors’ comments on a new go-karting track. Who iked the ©) imagine that you have just stayed at experience? Does go-karting appeal to you? Why? / Why not? the Ice Hotel in the photo. Write six comments on your experienc, including 1 | so/such/ | 1 was so excited that | went round twenty times! these words. sucha We nad such un we recommended fo our friends We had such a good time I didn't want it to end. fenough not enough so such such a(n) too 2 | too The track was too dangerous. | felt very unsafe. SEED > 21,105, 3 | enough ‘There were enough thrills to keep everyone happy. P Workbook p. 18 Boon My kids loved it, but one ride was enough for me! 4 | not... enough | The karts weren't fast enough for adults. ‘There wasn't enough information about what to do. Match the words in the table with the definitions in the list. Which of tthe expressions in bold do we use to express a criticism? not as much as is necessary describing cause and effect more than is necessary as much as is necessary © 100k at the table again. Then work in groups and answer the questions. 1. What's the difference between the way we use so, such, and such a? 2 Where can we put the word enough in a sentence? Exam practice ee {© Read the exam task quick, ignoring the gaps. What can you doin i oa Rane Ainalee Darwin? Which dangerous tials are mentioned Inthe txt? th Eran eet a agrees with its subject, e.g. he has been. For questions 1-12, read the text below and think ofthe word which best fits each gap. Use only ene word in each ‘gap. There isan example at the beginning (0) \Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS, Croc shock! (0) eel son theme parks and action films aren't exciting (1) for you, why not try something a little ‘more extreme? Since 2008, thril-seekers (2) ‘been travelirig down to ‘Crocasaurus Cove’ in Darwin, ‘Australia, where they can try the latest craze ~ swimming with crocodiles! Getting in a pen with crocodiles is far @ dangerous to attempt without protection, so visitors are lowered under water in a see-through ‘cage. Crocodiles are (4) ‘strong that the walls of the cage had to be made 145 milimetres thick! This ‘experience is not for the faint-hearted — crocodiles have attacked the cage several (5) ‘and you can see their teeth marks on the sides. But for many people, it’s an adventure ofa lifetime. According to Elisa Delgado, 18, ‘Te (6) ‘been so terrified in my life! But it was (7) a theill that I'm going to come back again @ year.’ ‘Adrenalin junkies who want to get close (9) dangerous wild animals can also try diving with sharks, petting poisonous snakes, or going (10) safari with lions and rhinos. But even the least brave (4) us have probably already met a far more dangerous predator, without even travelling abroad. The ‘common mosquito is officially (12) deadliest animal on the planet, being responsible for more deaths than sharks, lions and crocodiles together!Get ready: ad © 100% at itustrations A-p. Which person or people do you think is facing the most serious problem? Why? a © Work in groups. Match eight ofthe verb phrases inthe list to pictures A-D. Write sentences to describe what's happening in each illustration, attack bite breakdown catch fire crash into something feel ick get lost _get stuck hurt oneself runatemperature slip on something sting run out of something important Insome English expressions we use get + past participle instead of a reflexive verb to talk about something we do to ourselves. Why are you late?” “We got lost!” (NOT “We fost ourselves! © nat do you think happened t the people in pietures A-D? In pairs, think of suitable endings to each story. © compare your stories with another pair. Which of their stories had the most exciting ending? GREED > A ese21 ad emergency rN (a jorkdbook p. Gam Exam practice Meee Cee od you listen, don’t panic! Leave it blank and Puree Pena oeioar eee Re eS ee ee ee ces to it later. Don't stop listening, or the answers ae © < 22 vou wilt near five people talking about a time when something went wrong. For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-F) the reason each speaker gives. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. Speaker 1 Speaker 4 } speaker 2 2) speaker 30 Speaker 5 (_) A being over confident B not listening to someone's advice not doing enough research D losing something E the wrong equipment F not staying calm Imagine you had a similar experience to one of the speakers in the recording! Choose a story and make notes about the following: + background (place, people, etc.) + the main actions (what happened?) + feelings (at the time / afterwards) @ "pars, tolow the instructions for Students A and B. Then swap roles. Student A: You are telling your story on the radio, Make it as interesting as possible by Using a range of language, including extret * adjectives. Student B: You're a radio presenter who finds Student A's story absolutely fascinating Respond using ideas from the box. Really? Idon't believe it! No! Wow! ‘That's absolutely terrible / quite incredible! How scary / amazing (How + adjective) What fun / a nightmare! (What + noun) That's the most... story I've ever heard.Read the advertisement for Adventure Park. Which attraction would you want to visit the most / least? Why? © > Listen to two students talking about the park. Inwhat order do they discuss the attractions? Which two attractions do they agree to visit? M2 Inpairs, complete the table with the expressions for organising a aacussion Can you ad any more Ideas? Listen an tick) the expressions you hear Let's start with... Me neither. Let's talk about... first. Me too. Neither do |. OK, have we decided which...? Sool. ‘Sounds good to me! We need to make a decision, First of all,let's... To sumup, Starting a discussion ‘Agreeing or disagreeing Trying to reach a conclusion Exam practice workin groups of our (wo par). Take it in tums todo the exam tak opposite, ‘Speaking pal Activity 3 Listening pair: Imagine you are examiners. Tim students who are speaking and stop them after three minutes. Afterwards, report back to the speaking students on how well you think they did, Did they answer both questions? Did they talk to each other? 0 the task, using expressions from og , 1 Nae indjlet our thrilling rides, )) andjactivities bring ladVenture|to\your life!) Peer pa Broearnea ee tg eee eee ey Talk about all of the photos or pict decide on an answer to the second question erate eae Ce Ry ae a era Ser ey Cesc Srey ‘+ What risks do people take in these jobs? * Which job isthe most dangerous?Word building Comparatives and superlatives Qin pairs, guess the correct answers tothe sagas si is it? 1 Thisis the largest desert of all, covering 9,100,000 krm*. 2/TMhis very common insect is almost as deadly as the mosquito, causing -nllions of fatalities. 1t can jump much higher than most other insects! 3. The second-longest river is not quite as Tong as the Nile, but its twice as long as the Rio Grande. Many sports are just as enjoyable 4 Weis but this is by far the most popular sport in the world! ee © 24 the expressions in bold in Activity to the table. oe + exactly as + adjective /adverb + as, The same + nearly + adjective / adverb + as ‘abit /alittle/ slightly + comparative + than Bee ‘far / alot + comparative + than + easily + superlative Crees © complet the second sentence st has a simlar meaning tothe te seibencn aha a Weed Se 1 Allother mountains are much smaller than Everest. Everest in the world EASILY 2 The villa and the chalet are exactly the same size. The chalet the vila, AS 3 I'd never been on such a bad holiday before. Iwas the been on. EVER 4 Karachiis less crowded than the beach. Karachi the beach. NoT © senate sentence blow. Which part tls us about the cause of something, and which part tel us about the rest? The further we walted, the mre ted we became. @ complete the sentences then ad one sentence of Your ov Elan four es to your purine 1 The older | become, 2 The more mistakes | make, 3.» the more frightened I gett Verb patterns (2) gerund or infinitive with a change in meaning ‘Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive. The gerund or infinitive changes the meaning of the verb. What does remember mean in these sentences? 1 Lwill always remember visiting my friend in the USA. 2 I must remember to write and thank her. A remember something that needs done in the future B remember a past action @ ir pais, write the correct frm athe verbs in bod Tryteculln the aference mn meaning between relvere® gerund and cd vero © inte 1 We stopped (rive) when we realised we were lost We stopped (ash) directions at a petrol station. 2 The crew tried (sall the Pacific, but it was too hard, Next year, they're going to try (use) a bigger boat. 3 never forget (see) the rare tree frog in the forest. | wish I hadh't forgotten (bring) my cameral 4 Even though she was tired, she went on (elim). She went on (become) a world-famous climber. © You are going to interview your partner about some of their most memorable experiences. Write five questions, including the prompts. the most forgotten (+ infinitive) tried (+ gerund) better furthest What's the most disgusting thing youve ever eaten? © Ask and answer your questions in pairs. Which answer did you find the most surprising? EERE > Wor:0 00% 5.78PECs te tet Get ready: easily confused nouns @ some nouns nave very similar meanings. Complete the sentences with the words inthe lists nature scenery view beach coast shores journey travel trip way 1 Weenjoyed the varied mountain 4 They live on the east 7. We're going on a long of America. next week, 2 like getting close to _ 5 She liked to fish on the 8 Air___can be expensive. on long walks. of the lake. 9 What's the quickest____ to 3 There's awonderful__of 6 love sunbathing on the London from here? the sea from here, 10 We're going on a weekend to the beach. eee, (ERATED > £3 conttsed nouns > Workbook p17 Exam Practice @ Read the exam task, ignoring the gaps. mrieciuors tierecitenes,sbou ome words belong with other words, e.g. interested in; o on a tr 1 atown called Busan? 2 pizza? milar but not identical meanings. For example, fores SES ua eee grow, but a forest is bigger © complete tne exam tsk. Tee See ee eee Beanie For questions 1=12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. It's a record! In 1955, the first ever (0) EDITION... of The Guinness Book of Records was published. Enthralled readers leamed about the world's (1) ‘ocean (the Pacific - approximately 4,300 metres to the bottom), or the biggest birds on. @ (ostriches). The book, which (3). became known as Guinness World Records, (4). fon to become a huge success. In modem editions, more space is devoted to human (8) 1 some of which ‘seem quite bizarre! For example, in 2008, people in the Korean seaside town of Busan set a record for opening the ‘greatest number of parasols on a sandy (6) ! ‘AllGuinness records have to be provable. Youmight think the top of a(7) ‘mountain gives the most spectacular @ in the world, but this is opinion, not fact, and would not be permitted as a record. The Guinness team take their roles as judges very (9) Every year, employees make long (10) around the world to observe and assess record-breaking attempts so that only accurate information is recorded - from the (11) (of the longest ride on a lawn mower (260 days), to the width of the biggest pizza (over 37 metres in diameter) Tis remarkable archive of tv has even (12) a record of ts own as the wos biggest-seling copyright sais! 0 8 cony B sty © edton > number 1A deepest 5 talest © lowest D farthest 2 A planet B globe © earth D- wor 3A ater B since © later D next 4A moved 8 carried © kopt D wont 5A results B awards © ments D actieverents A beach 8 shor © bay D coast 7A peculiar B itferent © particutar D distinct 8 A scenery B sight landscape D view 9A. importantly B srongy © seriously D heavily 10 A travels 2 ways © routes > joumeys 1A. pets B curation © age progression 12.A done B set Cpt D laidPrepare @ discuss photos A, 8 and Cin pairs. 1 What are the people doing? 2 Why do you think they are doing it? 3. How do you think they are feeling? Analyse the task © cick read the story opposite and match toon othe photos A Were your answers tothe questions in Activiyteovreet? Read the story again and answer the questions in pairs. 1. What tenses does the writer use? Why doesn't the writer use only the past simple? 2 What adjectives and adverbs can you find? Why do you think the writer uses so many? Extreme housework! Alice looked at the clock in horror. She had overslept! After grabbing her mum’s ironing board and a bag of washing, she ran for the beach. Unfortunately, thanks to the ironing board, she couldn't move as quickly as usual! By the time she arrived, her friends had been waiting impatiently for nearly thirty minutes, Alice and her friends were about to attempt something quite remarkable. They wanted to break a world record for the largest number of people to iron underwater! As soon as Alice arrived, everyone walked into the sea. To begin with, Alice found it difficult to sink while she was still holding her equipment! But eventually, she reached the bottom. First, she set up her board, then she started ironing, She felt very silly! A short while later, Alice headed back to shore. As she was pulling her soaking wet board onto the sand, the waiting crowds cheered loudly. Alice was absolutely delighted to learn they'd broken the record, but her dad was less pleased. She had just ruined his favourite shirt!Improve your writing: linkers (2): tine © Winen youare wring a story, ti good des to Use a ange of tne inks 1 Work in pairs and find examples in the story on roves Paragraph A. after; by the time 2. How many mor tines can you think fn BOsecones? © rime tnkers often ep us to understand the order tf events: Look at these sentences rom the story on page 38 and answer the questions: By the time she arrived, her friends had been waiting for nearly thirty minutes. ‘¢ Her dad was less pleased. She had just ruined his favourite shirt! As she was pulling her board onto the sand, the waiting crowds cheered. 1. Which tense do we usually use to talk about a) a finished event? ) an event which happened before another event? ©) something which was interrupted by another action? 2. Which time linkers can we use with these tenses? 3. What do the linkers in the three sentences mean? Why are they used here? © complete sentences +6 with some ofthe tine expressions inthe list. Look careful atthe tenses. ‘ago assoon as during finally for since while 1 Afew years terrible hotell 2 ‘we'd arrived, the problems started. 3 After we'd been waiting ___half an hour in the hall, a grumpy receptionist appeared. 4 By the time we cchecked in, the kitchen hhad stopped serving dinner. 5 The bar staff played music all night we were trying to sleep. 6 We have never been back then! we stayed in a really Imagine you are the person in either photo B or C. Complete the sentences using your own ideas. 1 Before. Before the show started, | was absolutely terrified. At first, | Then, | When Iwas... felt. In the end, |. Afterwards, | ... "never Ready to write! You have decided to enter a short story competition in an international magazine. The story must begin with the following words: ‘As soon as we set off, things started to go wrong. Write your story in 120-180 words. © Read the task above and brainstorm some ideas for your story. Think about the following questions: 1. Who are the main characters in your story? 2 Where are they going? Why? ‘3. What things could go wrong on this type of journey? 4 How might that make people feel? 5 Will your story end happily or unhappily? Why? © 100k at the table below and write a paragraph plan. Decide which information you are going to include in each Paragraph, and in what order. First paragraph ‘© Begin with the words given. Introduce the characters and set the scene. Middle paragraphis) ‘© Develop the main part of the story. ‘© Remember to use descriptive language. Final paragraph ‘© Bring the story to a definite conclusion. Try to think of an interesting or humorous last line © pais take turns to tell your story. Listen to your partner and suggest ways they could improve their story. add more detail at the begi givea clear ending — Teer a hee ed a clear beginning, middle and end. reese ee eee eee a ete acc eae eeu eer eres 9 by using a range Cir ce eer Tee a eae Cade Rec ee ee eee] Pea eee ee eee cd @ wie your story Remember to start withthe words given in the task! When you have finished, look at the checklist on page 171. Check your story and make any corrections.Unit 3 Wy crarsststne vend serene verbs nthe lst cook goon sink start miss never / experience already /trek wait watch save up © After Alice had jumped into the sea, she sank _ to the bottom. 1 We through the jungle for days by the time Phil joined us. 2 While he __the nature documentary, he noticed an unusual bird. 3. When the coach finally arrived, we for hours! 4 The car broke down on the motorway, so we ___ our flight. 5 At this time yesterday, | campfire. 6 By the time we got to the festival, the headline band __ playing, 7 We a fantastic package tour to Greece three years ago. 8 She all year, and she had nearly got enough money for a holiday. 9 Until last winter, | ___freezing cold temperatures. lunch on the Complete the sentences with words from the list. For questions 4-6, write the correct form of the verb. ‘Comparisons easily just- nearly slightly © My week in France was __jusst as much fun as the week in the UK. 1 Thisis the greatest distance that I've ever travelled. 2 This campsite is_as good as the hotel. Alt needs is a pool! 3 Thetrain takes __longer than the bus. Verbs + gerund / infinitive bring warn go 4 Ohnol|'ve forgotten _my camera! 5 Itried ____her about the danger, but she didn’t listen. 6 We've stopped ‘on holiday abroad - it's too expensive. © choose the correct atternatives, and complete the senences with yooriieas © I usually go /Set off for this class at after breakfast. 1 could have a day away / off next week, | would. 2 If your car stops / runs out of fue, you should. 3 never forget seeing /to see 4 Youcan really hurt you / yourself if you Co) 7.00, straight Units 1-3 © choose the correct alternatives to complete the proverbs and sayings. (© When a single hair has fallen from your head, you are not yet bald pale / smooth. (Sierra Leone) 1 There are plenty of acquaintances / colleagues / ‘mates in the world, but very few real friends. (China) 2 Make sure to get on best / good / well with your ‘equals if you are going to fall apart / away / out with ‘your superiors. (Germany) 3 Journey / Travel / Trip broadens the mind. (Britain) 4 You never meet your mother-by / in / with-law on the day that you are good / fair / well-dressed. (America) 5 Awoman gets 30 percent of her beauty from view / scenery / nature and 70 percent from make- on / out / up. (China) © complete the text with the correct form of the words inbeld et ihe CO) or Nears o) ic (2) error ese nis eon fee me Grylls Sean jear (4) errant Se et eer at) or Arctic over cee omen kes aes eet) (Survive) in (7) Pe nenseranee eee eee or eee Pe) or rene Perit} yo Coreen eres ore mitted that hee ean What do you think the main challenges would be of living alone in the wilderness? How well do you think ‘you would cope?‘Tople vocabulary: environment @ time @ anil reforms @ oer uses ofthe gern Writing: «formal email @ inks ‘Exam preparation: Sein Pa 4 @ Listening Pa The hottest summer On record! Baby Mei Mei born in captivity Environment @ Workin pars. Match these extracts from news stories tothe) Workin groups. magine you ae te editors headlines Ar. Then complete the gaps. of a national newspoper. Discuss stories Acc ‘and choose one to put on the front page. dumps litter recycle throw 1 The government is facing a crisis as rubbish (1) reach the limit Sori ecg mn ieee oftheir capacity, Local authorities may soon be unable o collect household Apsten am To me, ..is more dramatic / shocking. waste or clear up (2) from the streets as there will be nowhere Tals phists etl aabe Reve cf an beech to store it. Experts warm that we must reuse and (3). more of the materials we (4) away as a matter of urgent priority ©) S41 How green are you? For each Statement, do you agree (V), or disagree Ws)? change emissions fumes heatwave warming * Listen to Fabio and note down his opinions. flow do you compare? 2 Millions are suffering in the worst (5) ever recorded. zal Scientists argue that this is direct evidence of global (6) | eeyeleaiess a panes W Unless we do more to reduce carbon (7). and other z i frida eee pollution from industry and car exhaust (8) climate 5 (WAC OPES DLE HRCA Oy Jooks set to worsen, i whenever I can, 4 ‘only buy things which are essential. ETD > Environment > Workbook p.22 3. AChinese 200 celebrate the new arrival yesterday of a Giant Panda, ei ak mcm GO) acai 1) conservation endangered extinction habitat wild the panda is in danger of (12) ~: More money needs tobe spent on 13) to prevent its natural (14) from | ©) in pairs, discuss this statement: beng destroyed by farming and housing development. ‘W's our planet - we should all take care oft aus)@ discuss photos A and B in pairs. 1 To what extent do you thnk that photos A and Bare connected? 2: Why do you think the problem in photo Bis so big? How can we prevetit from getting worse? Peed iappens because This leads to What do you think the man is doing in the photo on page 43? Why do you think he is doing this? Quickly read the article and check your answer. Exam practice Ce oe eee nT) ide how to complete the text. Think about: pronouns like which, this, he or it which might refer to a Person, idea or thing in the text just before a gap. synonyms (words with the same meaning totthose in the text), e.g, solution = answi Se IE eeu includes the word marine, it might be useful to look for Cee eee auto @ Be @ seven sentences have been removed from the article Vocabulary in conte» @ Feat tne article again and undertine five expressions Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A From 1991 until its closure in 2001, the record was held, by the Fresh Kills Landfill, near New York City! B There is stil no real solution to the problem, C Even this small gesture could help save wildlife. D Every year, we create more than 15 billion tonnes of waste, E Inthe past, most manufactured goods were biodegradable, so waste eventually disappeared. It that happens, the consequences for marine ecosystems could be devastating You don't need to be a scientist to help. This is because around 90% of the waste is plastic, which is a highly toxic material © We use aterent verbs to tak about time. n pairs match definitions ad to the verbs in bold in the text. Then complete sentences 1-4 with these verbs. a goby b continue Use time need an amount of time 1 The writer is going to a few weeks at sea. 2 The smell of rubbish can for weeks! 3 Several years have since the European Space Agency began working in Tenerife. 4 It may many years for us to clear up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. which include the word time. Which expressions mean: 1 forthe present? 4 having a break? 2 auseless activity? 5 itis necessary to wait to 3 occasionally? find out something? ERED » time > Workbook p.22Throwing our future away? Keith James is a leading researcher for ‘What a Waste’, an international study of waste and its global impact. ee cee ee ee ‘rubbish’ job (get it?), and at times, I almost agree. As part of my research, I have spent days ‘wading through rotting food and other deeply unpleasant items. Once, I had to visit an overflowing underground sewer. Several days passed before I could wash the stench out of my hair! So why do I do what I do? Well, I strongly believe that waste is one of the greatest environmental problems facing us today. It might surprise you to learn that the largest man-made structure ever built is not the Great Wall of China.[ 1 | _ | This rubbish ump grew to be 12 kilometres wide, and 25 metres higher than the Statue of Liberty. Shockingly, this is only the biggest collection of rubbish ever to be established on land. Next month, I'm taking some time out from my studies in order to go sailing in the Pacific Ocean. But don’t feel jealous - I’m going there to fish for litter! Between Hawaii and California there floats an island of rubbish which is bigger than Spain. For the time g, this ‘island’ is held together by swirling ocean currents, but scientists are concerned that it may_ eventually spread throughout the Paci. [2] By the end of my month at sea Il have transported several boatloads of this disgusting mess back to shore. Afterwards, be working with a team Of ther sclentists to sort through I, before disposing of it more safely. It will be a depressing task, but not, 1 hope, a waste of time. [3 ] According to the UN Environment Programme, ‘ocean refuse kills more than a million seabirds and 100,000 animals annually, and poisons many more, [4[__JOnty time will tell what the long-term effects of this pollution might be. However, all meat and fish eaters are potentially at risk, as the poisons in the refuse will eventually be passed along the food chain, The problem of waste is undoubtedly very serious, but changing people's attitudes is proving difficult. ‘We are living today in a throwaway society. [§ Depressingly, this figure is still growing. We've covered the planet in rubbish dumps, and we've even managed to pollute the rest of the solar system! According to the European Space Agency in Tenerife, there are currently more than 600,000 pieces of rubbish orbiting the globe. Many are fragments of old satellites, but ESA researchers have also found tools, pens and even CDs, all discarded by untidy astronauts, If aliens ever do decide to visit planet Earth, they'll have to navigate through a lot of litter to get here! ‘Whether on land, in the oceans or in space, the problem of rubbish has developed into a crisis in recent years. [6 |__| But many modern items will not break down. Plastic objects may take thousands of years to degrade, and electrical goods can last for thousands more However, this dim state of affairs could have a rosier future. If we all work together, we can make a real difference. [7 | __] Only buy what you need, reuse and recycle when you can, and think carefully before you throw anything away. You might just save the planet! Work in pairs. Write a 50-100 word dialogue between a researcher at the ESA and a reporter interested in the ESA's work (see paragraph 6 in the article). Include at least three time expressions from Activity 5. @ Find another par and take tin turns to perform your dialogues. The pair who is listening should decide: 1 which of the time expressions they hear. 2 whether they think they were used correctly. exuG@)Peed @ iacining the ruture istic! Read predictions {A-G. Why do you think people said or published these statements? Which mistake do you think s the worst? A By 1985, .. air pollution will have reduced the sunlight reaching the Earth by one halt (Life magazine, 1970) 8 Titanic sails from New York April 2. (i912 advertisement. The Titanic sank on April15) C Itdoesn’t matter what he does, he will never amount to.anything. (Albert Einstein's teacher, 1895) We're getting married on September 14th. (announcement of Jennifer Lope2’s and Ben Affleck’s wedding, 2003, Days later the wedding was called off.) E Computers in the future may welgh no more than 15 tons. (Popular Mechanics magazine, 1949) F By 2000, . machines will be producing so much that everyone in the US wil. be independently wealthy. ‘Time magazine, 1966) G The shy looks clear. It seems it's going to be fine tomorrow. (Local radio, May 22, 1999. The next day, @ record-breaking tornado blew across Oklahoma, USA.) © match the verbs in bold in Activity 1 to the future forms inthe list. Then complete the rules with the future forms. future continuous present continuous future perfect present simple going tofuture —[_) will future may | might / could erry planned future actions and evidence fixed future arrangements future actions in progress at a ‘a period of time re in clauses after a time when, until). ove until we stop ‘Complete the opinions of what life willbe like in the next millennium by choosing the correct alternatives. Then write your own posting, using three different future forms. ‘ish com/discussion/tuture Instead of train stations, we (1 'l be having / "Whave rocket stations! The timetables (2) will say //will have said things lke “the next rocket to Mars (3) leaves / might leave at 7:00." By the way, cool ‘website - | (4Y'm having / "ll have some friends round tonight so we can add more ideas together! Selena Because of global warming, the cimate (5) is going to be /is being scorching hot. After the water (6) will dry / has dried up, we'll have big problems. A thousand years from now, | think we (7) experience / will be experiencing a worldwide drought. @ Jacek | think that by the year 3000 scientists (8) will invented / will invent cures for many of today’s Compare your postings in groups. Is each person ‘mainly optimistic or pessimistic about the future? © Feed this frst tine from a story. What do you think ‘something’ could be? Brainstorm ideas in groups. “Tomorrow, something happens that will change our lives forever’ IDEAS anvironmental crisis (pollation? no more electricity?) scientists announce an amazing invention (what?) hero saves the planet! (who? how?) natural disaster (heatwave? flood? earthquake?) @ in your group, choose your best dea trom Activity 5 and write the rest of the story. Write 80-120 words, ising avartety of future forms Tell your stories to the class. Then vote on which story was a) the most imaginative, b) the most believable!Use of English: Part 4 ey word transform: Get ready: other uses of the gerund and the infinitive Read the text. Do you believe itis ‘Would you rather know what is going ie EE agree to pce cr ceri wait and let_destiny take Ce i cert Mery prone ‘Activity 1. In pairs, complete the are desperate to learn tablewiththe MessInfhelsk an wet ie futur Dolls you add any other ideas? Unfortunately, predicting after an adjective after a preposition the future is notoriously difficult! 1 usually takes a lot of research - and Nevertheless, fortune tellers and astrologists want to make us believe that they can ‘see_things which are hhidden to the rest of lus. However, if these ‘mystics’ were really as _good_at_predicting the future as they claim, surely they would all have after make + object after let + object _after would rather- after model verbs as anoun to express purpose Juck-topredict the futurecorrectly. ‘won the lottery by now?! (GEEEEAIETETD > other usos of the gerund and the infinitive b Workbook p25 Exam practice pees te ee ete nee ere eee Exam tip This paper tests all kinds of language, but common areas include: verb tense gerunds and infinitives, phrasal verbs, linkers, collocations and key grammatic: structures such as modal verbs, conditionals, passive, reported spet © compiete the exam task. For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word, given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Write ‘only the missing words in CAPITAL LETTERS. 0 After we've prepared our equipment, we'll begin our trip to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, We'll prepare our equipment BEFORE SETTING OFF for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. SETTING Reaching the Great Pacific Garbage Patch involves a four-hour journey. ht the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 2 want to study Environmental Science, INTERESTED ' Environmental Science. 3 The protest march will be starting shortly, so you need to hurry. ABOUT ‘The protest march $0 you need to hurry. 4 There's no point in trying to clean up the ocean, as the task is too big. WASTE ‘Trying to clean up the ocean 1 the task is too big. 5 The Greenpeace activist had the respect of al the other campaigners. uP Allthe other campaigners the Greenpeace campaigner. 6 Looking after the environment is everyone's responsibilty. ‘CARE Itis everyone's responsibilty the environment. 7 We expect temperatures to increase every year Go We think that ‘every year. 8 I don't know why the government closed the rubbish dump. MADE | don't know the rubbish dump.Get ready: aninals © Workin pairs and try to complete the quiz Then check Your answers on paye 150, How well you de? Dia You tear anything new? (1 point each) n This animél has got eight an and, bide prey in a web, \ ‘This stranige mammal carries its pouch and is very good atjumping, a, (2 points each) 4 BZ 3 hisprety tying insect usualy feeds on ad can taste mths feet. bbamboo plants, This huge bird can run at Speeds of unto ‘aie to escape ‘rom predators, buon pe brains brain is smaller then ope of ry hard (8 points each) This large and highly dangerous, ne ‘Unusually for a a after it was set free there by 3 + It destroyed the habitats of m hic became extn as res @ choose fur ofthe words and expressions in bold from Activity and write definlons. then swap Your answers witha partner and correct each others work. A rare animal is one which is notvery common. © ir oroups, write sx more anal qulz questions (include easy, harder and very hard questions). Include at least six of the words in bold from Activity 1. @ Find anather group and take turns o ask and answer tuestions Which eam are the animal experts? EEEEED > Anitas > workbook p.22 @ Exam practice Listening Part 4: eae een Plc Bony a are re Perec enone) ed Petes er the next quest ‘42 You will hear an interview with a conservationist, Eddie Scherbaum, who talks about his work animals. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, Bor), 1 What concern does Eddie have about conservation? ‘A He thinks it is a depressing field to work in. B_ He wishes progress would happen more quickly. C_ He feels bad because he can only save a few animals, What does Eddie think is currently the biggest reason for animal extinctions? A loss of habitat B illegal hunting climate change What does Eddie say about famous people? ‘A. They recognise that animals are good for their image. B_ They should do more to help environmental issues. C Many of them are genuinely interested in conservation, How does Eddie feel about working with animals? ‘A He would prefer to work indoors. B_ He enjoys every moment he is at work. He admits they can be difficult to work with. Why doesn't Eddie have a favourite animal? A He does not wish to be unfair in any way. B_ He does not feel fond of any particular species. C_ He believes that all of them are equally appealing What does Eddie think of the waldrapp ibis? A Itisn’t very likeable. B It's really unattractive, € It lacks intelligence. Which kind of animal is Eddie going to work with for his next project? A aworm B afrog © agorilla Should we try to save all endangered animals, or should we allow some species to become extinct? Why?ylegult @ 00% tthe photos above. In pairs, discuss the question above te photos. Tink o as many ideas as you can © 442 ustento te nstructins andto a student's Thponse Dia Ato use ay of your eas? Do yu thnk she the atk well or bedi? we Exam practice Q ++ workin pairs. student & ook atthe photos below. Student 8 look at the photos on page 1S 1 Listen tothe instructions and complet the tsk. 2 Ustencretuly nile your pertners pean, You wi need to ansme a queston about th photographs! @ tet your partner 1 how well you think they did and why, 2 which comparative expressions you heard them use. Student A @ ook at these expres s from Akiko's task. In pairs, decide which describe things that are the same (S) and which describe things that are not the same (D). Can you think of any other expressions like these? 1 Both pictures are connected to the theme of Both of them show The main difference between the pictures is that are completely different. In the first picture ... but in the second picture Another similarity is that just as (+ adjective) as. but they look much (+ comparative) .. Incontrast, . 0 ..is probably less (+ comp: CeO o rR Saat _ DON'T waste time describing every detail in eac Answer both parts of the question. meee ees are Peer eee ee eT? Use a variety of expressions for making compariso Mase ee nee eee a Beer ea tT ad [ What might people enjoy about keeping these animals?Determiners: countable and uncountable nouns Read the quotation below. In your opinion, what are the three biggest issues facing tthe world today? Compare your ideas with your partner. Do you share any of the same concerns? Js facing a huge number of problems for the future, We'll need to put in ‘a.great deal of work to sort things out! 99 Look at the underlined expressions in the quotation above. Then answer the questions in pairs. 1 Which of the nouns in blue is countable and which is uncountable? 2 When can we use the expressions in red? Phrasal verbs (2): solving problems Which of these words or expressions can we use with countable nouns, uncountable nouns, or both? Can you add any more? afew a/an allof alittle aletef any each” enough every alargeamount of few many much no noneof someof the Countable nouns ‘Uncountable nouns alotof Which sentence in each pair is more positive? What is the difference in meaning between the words in bold? 1A. We've got alittle time to save the planet, so we needn't panic. B_ We've got little time to save the planet, so we need to hurry. 2 A_ Ihave few worries about the environment. We're doing OK. B Ihave a few worries about the environment. We need to do more. ‘Are you good at solving problems? Work in teams of four and try to complete tthe quiz in tu minutes! Then check your answers on page 150. Which questions did you find the most difficult? Why? Two minute quiz! Workin pairs. Maten definitions SOC ree ee et ees eameee be ee cee et in bol the letters of these ‘environment’ words up! Can you sort them out? ABDGKP? TPLONUOLI HDTUGRO NONCETIXTI [=] vou are working in a conservation team which is looking after some rare and very hungry frogs, Your Doss has asked you to look into the problem of how to feed them all, 1f6 people can feed 6 frogs. in 6 minutes, how many people will you need to feed 60 frogs i 60 seconds? = complete this series? Fis] Can you fl im the gaps? 6 to six of the phrasal verbs in Activity 5. Then write definitions or example sentences for the other four phrasal verbs. complete investigate discover continue take care of return oman watch wil Write your own quiz! In pairs, write Se nave six questions about vocabulary or Ee es ‘grammar from Units 1-4. Include at qe least three determiners and three BREE_IE phrasal verbs. eae -IDe Q Find another pair and take turns HUN_RACK asking questions. The pair with the ‘most correct answers wins! REED > Workbook p. 79Get ready: noun suffixes Work in groups. 1. Complete the table with the noun form of the words in the list. 2 Add at least three more examples of your own to each column. 3 Can you think of any more noun suffixes? achieve creative criticise cruel depress excite free friend _happy- ill independent please pollute race relax stupid violent sation -dom —-ence ion -ism_— ity “ment -ness_-— “ship, -ty, = -ure FES esse eA rns stove wets notes snot what t means Boal So Tome, happiness means spending time with friends and family, Work in pairs and take it in turns to talk for one minute about your topic. Listen carefully to your partner and find one thing that you agree with. ERATED > oun suttxes » Workbook p.23 Exam practice Q Fead the exam task, ignoring the gaps. ia chai aaaei eer ae Wiyicces tie miarimention these nines eet renee ene een ce ea ee Choose an appropriate ending for the word. Don’t forget to think about prefixes and any other sp erin Blindness, Independence Day, Batman? © complete the exam task. For questions 1=10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Thera is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. The end of the world? ‘When it comes to predicting the future, Hollywood has got a lively (0) !MAGINATION. IMAGINE In The Day After Tomorrow, (1) ‘warming causes hugs devastation. Too much GLOBE @ {ror factories and exhaust fumes creates anew Ice Age. We see the scientist, POLLUTE Dr Jack Hall, walk across (3) lakes and snow drifts to save hs son. He arrives just. FREEZE in time - but (). It seems that directors take a (5) there's no happy ending for planet Earth View ofthe future - perhaps because it's more (6) that way. I they aren't warning us about climate change, they're DRAMA concerned about our health. Films lke Blindness and 28 Weeks Later imagine how a terrible ” might affect us. Aliens are another worry, as The War ofthe Worlds and ue Independence Day predict - yes, they both foresee lots of fighting and (8) 1 VIOLENT But don’t despair. Hollywood is fascinated by the apocalypse, but it loves superheroes too. In ‘Batman and Spiderman, heroes find (8) to all kinds of problems, including saving SOLVE the world. Maybe we don't have to feel quite so (10) about the future, afterallPrepare Look at the photos. How are these people raising money Qj Read Saira’s email, Which information does she miss for charity? Can you think of any other ideas? out? Correct her mistake. re: eaquiFeatigrean rock featval From: Sara Ai since Volnioang Dear Sir or Madam, am writing in response to your advertisement for the Green Rock festival I was extremely interested to read about this event, because I believe that saving the environment is very important. I think that global warming will be a serious problem in the future, ‘50 we must do all we can to prevent it from getting worse, For this reason, I would welcome the opportunity to help at your festival. I could work for two hours. I would prefer to serve food, as I already have Some experience as a waitress. T would be very grateful if you could tell me more about the music at the festival. Would it be possible to let me know which bands are going to play? 1 look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, @ cwieny read the advertisement in Activity 3. Which of So eae the eosin the photos does it mention? Analyse the task © Read the email again. Why does Saira: 1 begin the email with the expression Dear Sir or © Read the advertisement and the notes again carefully ene e Imagine you are going to write a Part 1 email and 2 use indirect questions rather than direct questions in answer the questions. the final paragraph? 1 How many notes do you have to address in your reply? 3 end the email with the expression Yours faithfully 10 you need to use formal or informal language? rather than Yours sincerely? ECO-FESTIVAL! Do you care about helping the environment? So do wel On the first weekend in May, we are Perea rae eRe ec environmental charities. There will be live music by top bands, lots of stalls, and a great aes) wal But to make the weekend a success, we need your help. Could you spare a few hours? We are looking for people to help serve delicious organic food to customers. We also need volunteers to pick up litter and sort rubbish for recycling, To find out more about the festival, please contact us. Cee CR eadImprove your writing: linkers (3): purpose, reason and result Read sentences A-H. Then answer the questions in pairs. 1 Do you agree or disagree with the statements? Why? 2 Can you add any more linkers to each of the categories in red? Purpose A I donate money in order to help charities. B I believe my government must do more to help the environment. C My whole family recycles so as not to create waste. D Everyone should get rid of their cars so that we can have a greener planet. son E We must save all endangered species because every animals life is important, F My country is already experiencing problems because of climate change. Result G I care about my world, so | read the news every day. H We shouldn't waste electricity. Therefore we should only use computers for work, not for fun. @ wihien of the inkers above do we use before: 1 an inte form? 2 asubjectandavero? 5 a noun? Complete the advertisement with suitable linkers from Activity 6. Volunteers needed (1) egal hunting kills thousands of turtles annually, (2) many species have tecome endangered, At our Mexican cent, we breed tures (3) _ populations ean Increase, We ae looking fr summer volunteers to look ater the young turtles before setting ~ When? the tee. For howlong? « waste time travelling, you wll both live and work near the beach. There ill Wha be opportunities to go suring or diving atthe agcommodation?| weekends! ect a tS 6) summer sour busiest ime of ‘year, all volunteers wil work hard (6) ___ this, the summer programme ‘sony suitable for people who are absolutely passionate about animals or conservation, _—~Yes, give detail, save turtles! { Enquiries: admin@turtle-centre-mexieo.com You have seen an advertisement on a website for ‘a conservation holiday. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write an ‘emai, using all of your notes. Write your answer in 120-150 words in an appropriate style. Read the task above and the advertisement in Activity 8. Why is the centre looking for volunteers? What kind looking for? Se ee a aa} See ee eco marks if you miss one out! Address each note appropriately. For example, Ceinctorer a reece e Cee ue ae tee Pe eu) ce oe Rote erent to support your ideas. For example, it is a good Core eae es preferences. Use a range of linkers to add and organise ideas. Read the Exam tip. Then read each note in Activity 8 carefully. First decide what the function of each note is, then write down some ideas on how you're Going to answer it in your email. Note | Function, eg. giving | Ideas information Red Asking for information | Blue Green | Orange | F Write a plan and decide which information you are ‘going to include in each paragraph. © now wete your emai, Remember to use formal language and include a range of linkers. When you have finished, look at the checklist on p 169. Check your email and make any corrections. exm@)Unit 4 © complete the sentences withthe correct form ofthe verbs. 0 By the end of the year, what (you / do) to help the environment? By the end of the year, wh help the environment? It's very dark outside. There (be) a storm soon. He's not very fond of (work) with animals. At this time tomorrow, | (Interview) a famous conservationist, It's everyone's responsibilty (recycle). the Earth, 8 | (meet) some friends at the zoo at 2.00 tomorrow. 9 Hurry up! The nature documentary is about (start) © complete the crossmord with the correct words. 2 Wethrow... rubbish. (4) 4 solve =... out (4) 5 noun formed from stupid (9) 8 9 dioxide; .. emissions (6) Cars pollute the air with ... fumes. (7) 10 rare kind of animal = endangered ... (7) Down 1 large amount of water covering an area which should be dry (5) 3 take care of = look... (5) 6 noun formed from please (8) 7 We're going to... a month on the island. (5) @ at will you have done to There's a lot of litter here, Perhaps | (clean) it up later The bus to the nature reserve always (leave) at 1115. Many scientists think that global warming (destroy) Units 1-4 @ complete the text using the word inthe ist. There i one word you wil not need to use a any enough some that the too very which who whose nai i For some people, it isn’t good (0) 201) to walk instead of drive, or to remember to recycle. o environmentalists, (2) are ‘sometimes called ‘eco warriors’, go to extremes to help save the planet! Alain Robert, also known as ‘Spiderman’, believes that modern society is (3) materialistic. To draw attention to environmental issues, he climbs enormous buildings - without using (4)____ropes! When Robert climbed up the New York Times building in the USA, (5) isa tall skyscraper, he held up a banner protesting about global warming. Another famous protester, (7) name is Julia ‘Butterty’ Hill, spent two years living up fa tree! She didn't want developers to cut down @ beautiful old forest in California. Luckily, her protest was successful, and most of o forest was saved. 21 2 ging tak or one mts on one ott topts inthe st Choose a toplethen write nots, TH about 1 why this isan important sue 2 what the main rolensfe 3, how we can improve the station inthe uur. climate change conservation polation recycing @ sete tums to give your presentation npalrs. The partner who Is listening should give the presentation ‘a mark out of 10, explaining why!Places © ' pairs, compare photos A-C, and say why you think People might choose to live in each place. In photo A you can see..., while in photo B. (One thing these photos have in common is Unlike photo A, photo B... One small / major difference is that Sq 5" Listen to three people talking about the places where they live. For each of the speakers 1-3, answer the questions. || Which place is the speaker describing: photo A, B or C? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in each place? SG 5" How did the speakers describe each place? Listen again and write the adjectives. Speaker !: remote, @ wnat do the expressions in bold mean? 1 We livein the middle of nowhere, 2 Some districts are a bit run down, 3 There's a strong sense of community here, cos @ advertising @ iy I ‘Word building: compound naune @ coloetions() Exam preparation: acing Pat ring Part 2 Q Write short descriptions (20-50 words each) of two places in your area. Then compare with a partner. Can they guess which places you're describing? cr @ '" croups, decide whether photo A, B or C shows the best place to live for a) teenagers, b) young families, c) retired people. Give reasons for your opinions. qu@) laces Workbook p. 28at @ 00% st the photos and discuss the questions in pas 1 What are the differences between place A and place B? 2 Why do you think place & looks tke this? 3 Which place do you think looks more attractive? Why? You are going to read an article about advertising in different cities. Quickly read the article on page 55 and find out where the places in photos A and B are. Exam practice Always check the context carefully! SO gue eee eed in the text. It is a good idea to find and underline the evidence in the text before choosing your final answer. Watch out for misleading key words in the options (A,B, C, D). Words which also appear in the text may Dee ecu ucrs © Fees te article again creuly. For questions, cchoose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Use the ideas in the Exam tip to help you. 1 What is the main point of the first paragraph? We see more adverts than we realise. Many people are annoyed by television advertising We do not pay enough attention to adverts. ‘Advertising has increased in towns and cities. What do we learn about the writer's opinion of advertising in Tokyo in the second paragraph? ‘A. It lacks a personal appeal for him. B He thinks that itis very creative. C It seems excessive to him. D_ He thinks itis Tokyo's main attraction, Why do advertisers see Tokyo as important? A It sets trends which are often copied. B Its distinctive style is popular with everyone, C Itreflects trends that are popular elsewhere. D Its style is imitated in every city. What does the writer mean by ‘sets it apart’ in ine 307 ‘A makes it seem individual and different B is something which visitors find very inviting C ives it something in common with other cities. D ends it a highly unattractive appearance Inthe fourth paragraph, Roberta Calvino suggests that A ts can usually be found in rural advertising is a particularly bad problem in Austria. ‘outdoor advertising extends beyond urban areas. ‘modern adverts are continuing to grow in size. What does Roberta tell us about urban advertising in the fifth paragraph? A. It can be rather unconvincing, 8 It helps us to fulfil our dreams. It particularly affects women, D It can lower our self-confidence, What comparison does Roberta make between urban advertising and TV advertising? A TV advertising is more effective in the long term. B tis easier to ignore urban advertising Urban advertising can have more impact. D_ There is greater variety in urban advert ing What response did the mayor get when he removed advertising from So Paulo? A. The majority of private individuals and commercial people supported him. B Advertisers were willing to advertisements in the city Local artists were unsure how attract blocks would look. D_ Most of the people v his decision, play fewer he office © lived in the city welcomedow many aver do you think oul se today? 107302 Hii cide me tea toour TV viewing, there are adverts all around us. Most ofthe time we're not even consciously awate of them, But think about your town or city: How many billboards does it have? What about shop signs and posters? Tokyo, in Japan, takes urban advenising to the extreme. Flashing neon lights and gigantic outdoor TVsblaring out advenising slogans rmake the city seem like something from science fiction. Although the city temples may sill ly claim to being more impressive, the explosion of sound and colour in the commercial centre can take your breath away. Whether you find the ov ning or nightmarish is a question of personal taste. However, it would be hard not to admire the advertisers’ ingenuity. Recent innovations include interactive games projected onto walls for people to play with (all fearuring a company logo, of course!). ‘Smellvertising is also catching on ~ that’ the idea of using pleasant smells like al effect stu chocolate to attract consumers’ attention! Innovations in Tokyo ate of huge significance in the world of advertising because where Tokyo leads, other cities soon follow. Big cities from New York to London already have outdoor television screens, although ‘smellverts’ are still relaively unusual. Although “Tokyo is far from being universally admited, many urban authorities find its approach to advertising exciting and dynamic. So what’ the problem? every city copied Tokyo, it would be absolutely terrible! exclaims Roberta Calvino of the advertising watchdog group, Ad Alert. ‘At the 20moment, Tokyo$ futuristic style sets it apart. It invites our attention even if not necessarily our appreciation because there’ simply nothing like it. But we don't need 100 poor imitations, Do you want Vocabulary in context: advertising © Fre words and phrases inthe article which mean: 1 adverts shown between TV programmes (paragraph 1) 2 large panels or signs displaying advertising (paragraph 1) 3 advertising messages (paragraph 2) 4 symbol or trademark used by a company (paragraph 2) 5 shoppers (paragraph 2) 6 small advertising leaflets (paragraph 4) 7 advertising campaigns (paragraph 5) 8 product or company names (paragraph 5) 9 person who decides how a product or service should be advertised or sold (paragraph 6) EEE » Acverusing » Workbook p26 © et your peter soorPaeieresta @ 0 you think there is too much adverts tourists visiting your city to notice the wonderful architecture, the ‘upmarket shopping boutiques, or the millions of signs and flyers? In many cities, advertising is as bad as liter or vandalism — it spoils ‘our environment, Go beyond the city outskirts and youl find that advertising is taking over the countryside, too. The world’s biggest advert was actually in a field in Austria, below the flight path to Tt was the size of 50 football pitches! Vienna airport According to Roberta, advertising can also influence the way we think and fel. “Advertisers wart to convince us that ther products will make us happy oF successful, just like the celebrities fm the promotions. Unfortunately that allan illusion ~ you can simply buy” a celebrity lifestyle at the shops! Nevertheless, advertisers work hard to get us to swallow this message. For instance, vertise using images of glamorously made-up supermodels because they want “ordinary” girls to fel ein comparison. The logc goes that the more dissatisfied we feel with our lives, the more well spend to cheer ourselves, up! Although outdoor advertising may seem to make less of an than TV commercials its message can have seater force. If we dont want to watch a TV ad, we can turn ove, or switch off, We cant be so choosy about our surroundings. fashion brands prefer 10 inadequa immediate impressio (Or perhaps we do have a choice? In 2007, one Brazilian city rmade a radical protest. Gilberto Kassab, the mayor of Sto Paulo, cdered the removal of mote than 15,000 adverts! In justification, he condemned urban advertising in very strong terms as ‘visual pollution ‘many local, businesses unhappy. One matketing executive argued that adverts ‘are more ke works of art, hiding grey office blocks and industri a view which had some backing from a number of the ciy’s residents, However, @ more typical response can be summed up this statement from Isuara dos Santos, 19. Tf weld known what this made Unsuprsi states, a difference it would make, we'd have got rid of the adverts years ago, Now we can see the real Sao Paulo, and its wonderfull ti Over to you! really liked / hated. Do they share your o Why not? kinds of adverts be banned or restricted? Discuss the questions in groups, thinking about the following: 1. product promotion in films 2 educational advertising 3 the advertising of cigarettes and alcohol 4 advertising in schools.® if cats could speak, we wouldn't need to advertise. | Complete the conctional questions with your own ideas. = Kitty Chow (pet food) | & You won't get it completely clean unless you lean. Ce RRM - Splenda (washing power) = Coach Express (cross-country coach travel) ’D If something sounds too good to be true, it | probably is. } = Campaign for Advertising Standards | @ reas tne advertising slogans. Which di you tind the mst comsncing? Why? (@ compiete the rules by matching slogans A-D to the conditional forms and their uses. Then ask and answer your questions with a partner. What was the most interesting thing you found out? © What will you buy) buy if you go shopping this week ? 1 If you (go) into town this weekend, ..? 2 If you tive) alone on a tropical island ..? 3. How .. your town or city (be) different if..2 4 Ifyou (see) a really good advert ..? 5 If you (be) in charge of your district ..? 6 Where ... you (buy) your dream house if..? @ tow wou things be ferent if stuatons-5 had happened? Write sentences using third conditional. 1. the government banned all adverts last year 2 you were born in New York 3 no one invented cars 4 you grew up in a remote village 5 you spent all your money at the shops yesterday ed coor first possible future actions or events ‘unlikely, imaginary or impossible present or future actions “third hypothetical past actions or events ae {things which did not happen) em» © bo pars, write rules for forming conditional 0-3. When dove use a commato separate te two causes? Zero: If + present tense, present tense @ decise what typ of conditional 0-3 the sentences below are Complete them using the corret frm ofthe verbs these be bring buy notsee spend want 1 If thé company more money on advertising they might have been more successful 2 Shoppers can get a discount on their purchases if they ‘along one of these flyers. 3 Ifyou __a celebrity, would you be happy to appear in advertising promotions? 4 You many adverts if you visit S80 Paulo! 5 Ifyou —_ to work in an advertising agency, you need to be very creative. 6 you hadn't seen the advert? that particular brand if you 1 you were in charge of your town ory, what woud you change? Discuss your ideas in groups, using photos A-D to help you. Agree which three things you would ‘change first and why. HtGet ready: conditional linkers (QA airlis trying to persuade her friends to come shopping. Read what her friends say by matching 1-6 to A-G. Which friend sounds the most enthusiastic? (0 I'm working today, so I can’t come, 1 OK, but need to find an umbrella first 2 Shopping is boring! We can go into town 3 Definitely! I'l make it into town 4 Mum says | can’t go out 5 Sorry, I'm busy. I'l et you know 6 I'mskint. come with you A (Q L00k at the linkers in bold above. Which linker or linkers mean: 1 ifnot 4 as soon as; at a particular 2 but only if time 3 because something might 5 whether or not (‘strong’ if) happen © despite the fact that @ wit your own acvertising slogans! Complete the sentences with your ideas. Look at a partner's slogans: which of theirs do you think would be more effective than yours? Why? 1 When you use MagicWash shampoo... 2 As long as you brush with Minty toothpaste, 3 Unless you read What's On magazine, 4 Always carry an X-Talk mobil, in case EET > conaitions tinkers P Workbook p.31 For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning tothe frst sentence, using the word ‘ven, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. ‘A as long as we can do something else afterwards. B unless my room's spotless. Right now, it’s a tip! when I'm free. D incase it rains. And a coat ~_ even though I'd much rather go shopping! F providing that you buy me a coffee. G even if Ihave to walk the whole way there! Exam Practice Q complete the exam task. Use of English Parta: Exam tip eae Pe orca ee a are ey Poe) err eth | Se CL eis the © Figet there by six ifthe trains on time. as Ii get there by six AS LONG AS THE TRAIN. ison time 41 Both of the vilages are equally picturesque. gust This vilage that vilage. 2 You might want to buy something, so take your walt with you. case “Take your wallet with you to buy something 3 Please take care of yur ite brother while I'm out Look I want your ite brother whem out 4 we eatch the bus, we should reach the shop before it shuts miss We should reach the shop before it shuts as long the bus 55 Going shopping atthe mall aways makes me fee happier. F | aiways oo! at the mal 6 Mypreference i for leaving eat rather than ate ser | would rather caty than at. 7. We visited the outdoor market despite the rainy weather EVEN We vste the outdoor market raining {8 He got ost inthe city because he forgot to take his map with him Lert behind, he wouldn't have got lost inthe cityListening: Patt Get ready: city life @ feat these extracts trom travel guides. Whats unusual bout each city? Which would you most ket vst? lotorbikes are the most popular way to get around in Ho Chi Minh City! Motoreyce taxis are speedier than public transport so fasten your helmet before you setoff Ifyou want toescape the congestion, take a detour down the backstreets, You'll find thousands of bargains on sale on ‘market stalls, s0 go on, treat yourself. Jead to Bloomington, Minnesota, for the biggest shopping mall in the US! With over 400 stores, from high street names to designer outlets, in addition to ‘movie screens, fast-food diners, and even an indoor theme park, there's always a lot ‘going on. Getting there is easy ~ visitors can land at a local airport, or catch a train directly to the mall! fence is famous for culture and canals —much of the city is accesible only by waterways! Boasting Europes largest car free zane, much ofthe commercial centre is completely pedestrianised. Visitors can admire the historic architecture, explore the chic boutiques, or take ina galley. @ complete the table wth expression from Activity Mow marty more ideas ean You adn ner? around alotgoing on © Write ain (50-80 word travel uie or a town ov ey year you Compare your descriptions wit partner. Whose sounds more exciting? Why? ERED > city fe > Worxdo0% p28 Exam Practice ae ae eee aa a pre peated Rete een +2 vou wit near peope taking in eight citerent ‘tations. For questions 18, choose the eorect answer, A Bore 1 Onthe radio, you hear review of The UK CityGuide for Teenagers. Which aspect ofthe book dsapponted the reviewer? 1 the sizeof one ofthe sections B the wring stye of the suthors the lack of any cutural information 2. You hear aman talking about his journey to work What does he think about the car? A his interest in nature B having country home plans forte resto is day 2 You hear a boy anda gir talking about tein their Ullage Which problem are ey Goeusteg? A Beraiain |B cline: sca) aha 4 You hear some information about a holiday. The speaker's main recommendation for summer visitors is tovisit A. the city centre attractions B the coast the countryside 5 You hear part of a programme about a new village. What are the speakers doing? A. discussing reasons for creating the village B. giving advice on starting up a new village C describing everyday life in the village 6 You overhear a conversation between a boy anda girl Where does the air! prefer to shop? A in small boutiques B at shopping malls C onthe high street 7 You overhear a woman talking on her mobile phone. What change would she like to make to the city centre? A create more parking B. stop people from driving C open better cafés 8 Youhear a part of a radio programme. What is the man talking about? A atreatment for stress B. the beauty of the countryside his research into urban lifestyles ‘Which speaker said these things? What do you think? Discuss your ideas with your partner. 1 It's greener to take the bus. 2 Just because you're a teenager it doesn't mean you're ‘a shopaholic!© ! pairs, talk about the photos above. What might people enjoy about shopping in these places? Which place would you most enjoy visiting? @ 52 Listen to two students answering part of a Part 3 task. Which of the places in the photos do they like the most / least? Why? Is there anything they disagree about? Work in pairs. How many different expressions can you think of to complete the table? Asking for an Giving your Responding to opinion opinion your partner with that? interest qj 52 Listen to the recording again. How many of your Ideas do the A Exam practice eae Brea eae In Speaking Part 3, you must interact with your partner. reer ees nd to what your partner says, eee Bee eee ode eee wage. a @ 100k at photos A-H and discuss these Part 3 questions in pairs. Use as many expressions from Activity 3 as you can, How do these things improve the quality of life for families ina city? ‘Which two things are the most important? @ ! pairs, discuss these Part 4 questions. 1 Do you think that teenagers and older people enjoy the ssame things in a city? Why? / Why not? 2 Isit better to lve in lots of different places, or just one place for your whole life? Why?Compound nouns Word building: @ compete tne compound nouns +8, Use the words in the list. Then find examples of each ‘compound noun in the illustration. exhaust fast: one-way pedestrian push steering traffic under 1 ___fumes 5 food restaurant 2 Nights. 6) ground station 3 wheel 7 street 4 “crossing 8 chair Read the rules and find one example of each of A-D in Activity 1. More than one correct answer may be possible. ‘A compound noun is a noun formed from two or more words, for example: A noun +noun B verb +noun adjective + noun D preposition + noun ‘Compound nouns can be written as one ‘word, two or more words, or with a hyphen. @ Nake compound nouns from the words inlist A and list 8. Then complete the sentences. cycle rush’ housing night. out sky taxi traffic lane fe hour skirts B estate rank jam scraper The city boasts a fantastic iahtife , with many wonderful restaurants and bars. 1 People with bikes can use the special ____to get to work more quickly. 2. She worked in an office at the top of a really high 3 There was a huge for class. 4 We're living in a large There are 1,000 houses here but only one shop! 5 It's really stressful driving at__ = everyone's trying to get to work at the ssame time! 6 They lived on the of the city, only five minutes away from the countryside. 7 Luckily, there was a right ‘outside the station, so they gat home quickly. so he was late Collocations (1): prepositions + nouns @ 1s students having a bad day Choose the corect options in bold to complete wnat he says, Have you ever Been lat for something important? What happened? “Normally, Igo to class (ON)y}/ in / on bus, but today I decided to 0 (1) by / on / with foot (2) for / from / with a change. (3) In / (On / During the way, I meta few friends, and we chatted (4) for / fon / about a while. Then I looked at my watch — it was ten minutes to the start of class! I didnt want to be (5) around / in / of trouble for being late, so I decided to run. (6) At / For / On the beginning it was OK, but after a few minutes, was exhausted. I didnt realise how (7) out of / without / into shape I was! Amazingly, I arrived (8) at/with /on time ~ but I couldn’ talk (9) at/for /im al forthe first five minutes because I was completely (10) of / out of / without breath! I'm definitely going to catch the bus home © complete the questions. Then askand answer the questions in pairs. 1 Do you prefer to travel foot? vy? 2. Would you enjoy living atthe topo a shy. fsebulling? hy? J Why nt? 3 Do you find it easy or difficult to be time for things? Why? 4 Would you preter olive inte cy cere or onthe out? nye EEEEEED > Workbook p. 80 bus, car or bike, or or other highDes en) aaa Get ready: easily confused verbs ‘@ complete the sentences. Use the words inthe lists. Write gapped sentences like those in Activity 1for three of the verb pairs below. Ca tn them? been 1 We'vejust to the shopping centre, Pa att oe Paint tes cen but we didnt see her there. borrow / lend expect /hope deny / refuse fi 2 He's____ tothe shops. He'll be back later. hear /listen look / see remember / remind te the train this morning. missed Se ‘her way and had to ask for (EEE > Easily confused verbs b Workbook p. 29 directions. 5 Congratulations! You've __ holiday beat competition! won 6 She him at a game of squash at the leisure centre, 7 Lusualy to work by bus. So 8 Ittookme half an hour to toclass rn today. aaa and af Pees aa eee mplete the sentence with one Fring your friends to visit me! take 10 Youshould___your cousin to the museum in town. Tr For questions 1=12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. The Game of Life! Since SimCity frst went (0) 2M... Sale in 1989, it has become one of the most successful computer games of ala The popularity ofthe game 2) most people by surprise. At (3) - retailers dint () to sell many copies. After al, the game didn't have any heroes or vilains, and there were few exciting (5) scenes. Instead, SimCity offered something completely different - an element of realism! Players of SimCity have to think (6) a variety of reali issues. For example, they have to consider transport issues. Can the people in their city gat to work on time? Will there be lots of (7) jams at rush hour? Players must also consider residents’ (8) Of life. Is there too much crime in the city centre? Are there slums on the (9) ‘7 The game is so (10) that some schools and universities have used it to teach students about urban planning! So, why did SimCity become such a success? It seems that lots of people enjoyed the creativity of the game. Many also liked the fact that it wasn't competitive - players don't (14) (or lose in SimCity. They just (12) on playing! o@m Ba © wh D tw a i foe oan 3 aes 2-8 Doom = Oates 3 oe 3A booming B once © te D mat Ae 8 maine © Suppose D expect ¢ 4 oe eee © scanty > paromance cio a coo ao 7. 8 vice © wate D oad a 5 oe 8 cualy © mon D aan re Scns 6 eines 3 om {0 A reoate 5 et c te D etaie uA tow 8 colt ° wm ae 12:8 nah, 5 © continue ° stayPrepare Analyse the task © discus the photo in grous © Feo! the tack bie. Tar nN ans. 1. What kind of problems can traffic cause in city centres? 2 Doyou think city life would be better or worse if your government banned all cars from cities? Why? You have had a class discussion about travel and transport. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinion on the following statement. People should not use cars in city centres. Write your essay in 120-180 words in an appropriate style. 1. Who will read your essay? 2 Do you have to agree with the statement? © feed one student's answer tothe task in Activity 2 Does he / she include any of the ideas you discussed in hetvty 1? © eed the essay ansin. ich paragraph Includes: 1 arguments for the essay statement? 2 general statements about the topic? 3 apersonal opinion? 4 arguments against the essay statement? Is the language mainly formal or informal? Find ‘examples to support your answer. fat lb ha People should not use cars. in city centres There is usualy alot of trate rove at Sse. ny peep ny sing cas fo. raind cities, unile others think too many disadvantages, ae in city centres, hn te ond seat crs erent tof potion makes cites past ve mano ne Conca Ks preotns, what more sro can make city centres drterce ee ee Celts nd peace te ohn ing by cr en 8 ng Heats and finoas Pworkbook p34 aac D Genes ener ees jour antes ed Feneas, Using a8 lay hoe exp rossons trom sctvty 3. How alot /aeren are you? ‘I don't do a lot to keep fit, apart from walking the og after school? Twould(n')) describe myself as (+ noun / gerund) . almost always / hardly ever... \ try to... but I don't always succeed. Brad Pitt ‘I'm (not) very worried about ..so1.. eG)© wnat do you think the typical det is or the people in the photos? Which diet would you most / least like to cat fora week? Why? ‘The word diet can mean either: 11 the food usually eaten by a person or group: ‘She used to have an unhealthy diet. 2 the food eaten by someone who wants to lose weight: ‘Now she’s gone on a diet. She only eats salads! © vicky read the artict on page 67 and match the people stations £-H Which peaon the mst postive about thet et? Exam practice ee Pee ae eae Words used in the questions may not exactly match th: in the text. Think about: aCe eee et See eS Cea eee ene earns a Pa Ce ame ener © You are going to reac an article about four people who tried an unusual fora week For questions 15, hoes rom the people (kD) The people may be chosen more tan once ich person 1 ate wth other people? 2 was ordered to end their diet early? 5 has changed their eating habits as 2 result of the expenment? isuvaly very active? Gi not enjoy a food they had previously hed? spent alot of time eating? enjoyed doing other activites while eating? was looking forward totryng te dit? ro respects the phlosophy behind the ct? 11 hadto stp doing an atv they enjoyed? 12 et uity abut something? 13 mentions tearing sorting tha they found vpoeting? va thought thatthe det nada postive eect on ther heath? 15 was easured by the example stby someone ose? Cod nws Vocabulary in context: food © Work in pairs. Fin words inthe article on page 67 to complete the table, the way food tastes the way food is prepared / cooked spicy baked © tock atthe taste ajetves. For each adjective write a tood that matches fis avour. Q compare your ist with apariners.bo you agree with your partterschaces? Wich ofthe foods on hs / er Ist o yoube or este the most? Why? @ Exvian te itterence between the acectives taste eed cc os ney se Cen eoorehs ¢ ond.MESS Uae Balis) So) a aise rer er soda A Elisa Riedo tried a medieval European diet Gifteenth century) Life expectancy in the middle ages was much lower than today, and now | understand why. At one dine | ale 2 baked goose stlfed with a Chicken, a parvidge and a blackbird! | ate 80 much meat that | stated dreaming about vegetables. Actually, shoe the ‘experiment Ive tumed vegetarian, so that tels you how bad it was! Cooks sed to healy season meat fo preserve i so twas very spicy. This made me thirsty, sa drank lot That was a mistake! | was horfid to discaver that medieval people aways drank beer or wine, even for breaklast ~ ‘anerenty because the water was very poled. Eventually elt so unwel that | had to see a doctor, who woulda’. let me continue. though its never nice to let people down, admit that this was something ofa rele! B Wang Fei tried the jfruitarian diet (popularised in the nineteenth century) Nineteenth-centuryfitarans beleved you should never cause harm to ary Ining thing, which is principe | admire in theory. But is an fexteme diet. In ofder to show respect 10 plants and trees, futarans can only eat rit or nuts which have fallen tote ground, they aren alowed to pick them! You aso arent allowed to ‘cock — you have to eat everthing raw. | spent several hous a day jst looking for food, because of course you. ant jst p09 into a supermarket. | thought fel really healthy, but instead the diet made me red and weak. m normally quite spody, and | go runing daly, but | ust couldn't manage to I got so desperate for something warm, sweet and sugary thal | eventually gave in and bought a ed ‘doughnut. OF course, | fet antl about breaking the rules Afterwards |rea that the famous spit leader Gandhi had once experimented wih frutaanism, out he lo struggled to stick tot That made me fel sighty beter! Orivexreiwr set reno CAD Lf. Alicja Kolub iried an ancient Roman diet / (€. 200 AD) search ofan authentic experience, some tends Uied an old Mediterranean vila, which had huge ining room, We replaced the chars there wih couches Tom the lounge, Apparent, Romans prefered to dine Wing Bown, inthe beet this aided digestion | don't know if that Tue, butt daily wasnt good for my table manners. tink Dil as much as | ate! Romans believed mealtimes shaud delight all the senses, so during dinner we listened to music and admired ‘he tasteful atwork onthe vila wals. nfm, Roman Wiring seems prety unhealty ~ too many rch Moods, too much drinking. Bu this tuned out to be something of a myth. The cit incuded lis of resh salads and rt, and was alowed to dite my ‘wine with wate, s0| never fet drank. Several dishes tasty, although | didnt ake to those favoured ith garam, a sauce with a salty taste ard overpowering ssmel | wase't surprised to dscover it was made from Jol, roting fish! D Jake Brown tried an early American weight-loss diet invented hy Horace Fletcher (1903) 1 was keen to volunteer fortis, as Vd put on rather ‘alt of weight ver Christmas Horace Fletcher was one ofthe fst people to recommend a low-fat det, and | must ‘admit, | dd seem to bein beter shape afterwards, which was (teat, Unioruraely, he also adhised people to chew ea B. moutiul thirty two ties belo swalwing, As you can Imagine, is makes meals ston on foreve, and ‘he end ofthe process most food seems completely bland, even tasteless. | used to thrk roast chicken was delicious, but when youve reduced it to mush, yOu might as well be eating cardboard, Even worse, No one would dine wih me, My gitiend sad watching me tun food into quid was too dusting! 2) delicious, dagustng things @ your school's going to open a new, ‘ealthy Iving’ cate There ia prize of you've ever eaten, using words you found in the article. EEE > Fos a term's free food to the students with the best ideas. Work in groups and agree on the following: + what the café should look ike + what kind of food and drinks it should serve Workbook p.34 + anything else you think would make the café appealing to students Present your ideas to the class. When everyone has finished, decide as a class which students should win the prize! axm@)Grammar: © 100% 3 tne picture of an unusual competition and read the extracts from the competion andbeck. Would you be good at this type of competition? Why? / Why not? Competitors: 1 have to be over 18. The competition is for adults only. 2 need to be in good health, or they won't be allowed to take part. 3. must eat every single sandwich in order to win, 4 mustn't spit out any food, or they'll be disqualified. 5 don't have to use sauces - they're optional. 6 needn't eat sitting down if they prefer not to. Standing up is fine. 7 ought to stop eating if they feel unwell. 8 should remember that this competition is just for fun! @ complete tne rules wth the vers in bod above. Read another pair's ‘handbook’ Imagine you have just taken part inthis competition and lost! Desribe what Smet rr i happened and how it made you feel. Include at least three of the verb forms in bold from Activity 3. cies aes ise tes ood been |___Fan ot on ht eieeeg, men on (its necessary) |___S STRRRIERPAVIcS uid Sven run for the bus — now '3 NO obligation or necessity me Tean run for thiny kilometres without stopping! fits compulsory) ee ee Getting fit wasn't easy. The first time I went jogging, "4 prohibition (it's forbidden) | my ten-year-old sister was able to overtake m aa Pec rae on - improved a lot since then, By the end of next year, © ees one competitor's comments aftr the race and answer the questions in pairs. Look at verb forms in bold in the text above, and. 1 ‘In order to win, | had to eat 50 hotdogs in one go, Sortpiets the niles but | only managed 45° Can we use must in this sentence? Why? / Why not? A 2 twas awful. | shouldn't have entered the competition should hava stayad at home. i Did the speaker enter the competition? Did he stay at __1_ general ability in the past home? How does he feel about this? "2 general ability in the present 3 ‘felt very full afterwards. My friends weren't very 3 general ability in any tense sympathetic because | needn't have entered the - competition - it wasn't compulsory. But on the plus | ability ona specific occasion | ___OR side, | didn't need to buy any dinner that evening! exe»): Did the speaker enter the competition? Did he buy dinner that evening? Onomcoansonene serena CD know well. Write a ‘competition handbook’ like the one Hi learnt kil? How dificult trey i fnchldng ear ve ofthe forms hy bt. aan one Ds ec a a 9 was it? Tell your partner, using verb forms from the rules ox above. Who had the most challenging experience?Peas grits Get ready: permission Complete the table withthe verb forms in bold in @ read the text. ny does the writer want anew teacher? Cty 21 NS (Oa i yu = eaccsulsinclarat ae were bellied, ian tis yeas Te ree we can't ake any breaks! On my las bithday was allowed to leave ely but tis year the teacher made PEW can me stay extra late! What next? Soon we won't be a Saas Sonn : 1 @ reesithe complaint below and tnd two verbs which 1 object + infinitive with to, 2 object + infinitive without to? © Ourast teacher allowed us to talk during lessons, ‘but our new teacher won't let us chat! 99 EEE > Permission» Workbook p.37 Exam practice eater verbs. Always think about form © outcry read the exam task, ignoring the 9aps. ce Viet une way to get toes recomend? Can you think of any other interesting or unusual What kind of verb form do you need to use? Look at the ways to get fit? context carefully for clues, Think about modal verbs, auxiliary ce nn eee Sc aed ey ae eke) se? E.g. He had (not ha: reas © complete the exam ask For questions 1+12, ead the text below and think ofthe word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Home gym? 0.22. you want to get fiter, but it seems dificult to know where to start? Perhaps you'd 0 not join a sports class, or you're (2) +. allowed to take up any expensive new hobbies? Then maybe you should consider the home gym’. the ‘home gym’, you don't (@) to learn ‘any new sks, or even buy any equipment. Even better, you can impress your family (4) the same time! I's a surprising fact that doing housework can actualy burn as (5) fat as doing some sports! When ‘someone cleans energetically, their face gets red, they start to sweat, they may even get out (6) breath! That's because they're using a (7) of energy. Half an hour of cooking can burn 40-50 calories, and gardening an impressive 100-200 calories! @ not ask your parents or partner to allow you (8) help around the home? ‘They're bound to agree! If you spend at least thity minutes every day doing housework, you'll soon be (10) to feel areal difference in your heath. But you (14) work really hard to get the fll benefit - that's essential. Try dancing around while you tidy (12) your room. You may fee! silly, but you'l improve your overall fitness, and have more fun too!= © 100% athe sports nthe pete. In pais, discuss which ports you think would best improve your 1 strenth 2 sanity he ait to move quchy and easiy) 3 pasture the way that a person ss stands Or wats) 4 coorination the ait contol the movements of your body Novement > Workbook p.34 Exam practice ‘What is the person doing in the photo? Have you ever tried this activity? If so, what did you think? If you, haven't tried it, would you like to? Why? / Why not? ,u hear or paraphrases will waste time. sure that the Pee eu nes ier) eee cna! Write betwee . w cl Don’t make any changes to the word: Ceca! ese eae Peng 34 42 You will near a radio review by @ man called Graham Woodson, who recently tested the Wi Fit software, For questions 1-10, complete the sentences, 1 The people that Graham works with enjoy food lke energy bars and 2 Graham tried out wi 3 Some people think that the makes players look ily 4 Bath Graham and his wifi 5 When was young, Graham liked reacing 6 Inreal lite, Graham is_ vars old 7 Graham's laughed when he said he was taking up yoga 8 WIFFIthas improved Graham's aglity and 9 Graham would not recommend Wi Fit to 10 Graham once hurt his pet's while using Wi How could the government encourage more young people to exercise? Discuss the question in pairs then agree on your three best ideas. it in his ‘game on Wii Fit have played tennis on© Look atthe photos below. n pairs, dscuss the folowing 1 What do you think the food and the atmosphere is like in these restaurants? 2 Which restaurant would you like to visit the most / least? Why? 3. What restaurants in your area would you recommend to a visitor, or advise them to avoid? Why? Think about food, location, atmosphere and service, © Vou are going to hear two people answer questions on the topic of food and restaurants Listen and guess what auestions they are answering, | | | Poor ee peer Be urn these expressions: Let me think It to say, really See eee nen Beem uee a) aa ee ong to expand your answers is to give reasons or Ucn ce eee een Ce eg eae ors © 62 ea the Exam tp. Listen again and nswer the questions. 1 Which expressions do Speakers 1 and 2 use to give themselves times to think? 2 What example does Speaker 1 give of the food at Dofia Olga? 3. What two reasons does Speaker 2 give for preferring to eat at home? @ read the questions below. Add one more aueation te each category. Likes and distikes ' 2 Do you like cooking? (What kinds of things do you cook?) Free time 3 4 Have you got any plans for this weekend? (What are you going to do?) Travel 5 «6 vats your favourite may af travetng? (why a2 you ke it) © Wier in airs and ftw the instructions Student A: Ask Student Be questions in and your ow question rom Actily Anower Student B's questions, Student 8: Ansner Student's questions. Ask Student Ath questions nie an yur Own aueston ram ety eaumG@)MCS BTC Super sized In his documentary Super Size Me, Morgan Spurlock (1) bravely went (on a fastfood diet for thirty days. He (2) only ate junk food, and he (3) always bought a ‘super” size portion if it was offered to him. Morgan wanted to prove that too much fast food can be (4) incredibly bad for ‘you. He started to gain weight (5) very (6) rapidly, and he suffered from headaches and other problems. (7) Shockingly, doctors became (8) seriously concerned about his health (9) after just a few weeks. (10) Unsurprisingly, Morgan has (11) never tried the experiment (12) again! He eats a much healthier diet (13) now. Adverbs Phrasal verbs (3): hieallli fea the article ove. How did Morgan Spurlecs diet @) Read one persons ist of rexoitions = persons gol) atecthis heath? Deyou mate esclion ke these? Are you god at Keeping tem? Complete the table with the adverbs in bold. How do we form regular adverbs? ity ee This year, I'm going to .. dity verbs, adjectives and other +) give up smoking. include adverbs of: (2) take up a new sport. slowly, well stop (3) eating out every night and ‘amazingly, luckily cook my own meals instead. (4) cut out all junk food from my diet. +45) work out more at the gym. quite, rather often, sometimes Henave@ieniiendsy = Se +6) cut down on the amount of chocolate | eat! Where does each type of adverb usually goin a (7) stick to my health plan ~ I'm not sentence? Check your answers on page 161. going to (8) give up this time! Rewrite the sentences so that they include the adver form of the word in bold. In pairs, match the phrasal verbs in bold in Activity 6 1) Morgen preters toeata healthy cit USUAL to their meanings. One phrasal verb has two different 2 He was surprised by the results. TRUE meanings. 3 His health deteriorated FAST 7 : 4 He gained 11 kilograms in one month! ALARMING So eeawtin got 10 res ee aera : reduce remove start doing 5 Eating too much fast foods bad for you! —-»sREAL-——_‘Stop doing something you did before stop trying © rn pairs. choose the correct aternatives. Explain why youave chosen each answer | yal beta oa rey ae ee vane 2 estat near cabo a neooas shar arya a a Hono iri hse er of youre? His telning realy herd {heraly. fF coed Om each one a score from 1 (dissatisfied) to 5 (highly 3 They haven't gone out for dinner late / lately. SSAAPRAIIVT PG six resolutions for yoursel They arrived late / lately for dinner. 1 give up — stop doing something you did before health hobbies studies family and friends REED > Workbook p.61Detects to aaa Get ready: adverd collocations Not every adverb can go with every adjective. Complete @ Music stars often make some strange food requests at these celebrity complaints. concerts! Which of these is the most surprising? 1. I'ma highly / deeply successful singer and | demand Britney Spears - was quite insistent that she had her to be treated like a star! favourite breakfast cereal Fruit Loops, backstage. 2. | was horrified to see the chef was fast / hard asleep Metallica - said it was extremely important that bacon backstage. Fire him! was available at every meal. 3. Why is this coffee totally / terribly diferent from the ‘tan Aba wd to deste ammo fone you served me yesterday? casertial tat vone of te ORT 4 'malways wide / broad awake at three inthe morning 501 need breakfast early. © Arswer the questions in pairs. 5 | was bitterly / comaletety disapoointed by | Please make more effort! i 1. Which adjectives in blue are normal / extreme? 2 Which adverbs in red go with extreme adjectives? =r Exam practice @ Feed tne exam tak uly wha are cassava, fugu and ackee? © compiete the exam task. For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Food to die for? A()..GREAT.. number of plants and animals are edible, but not all of them! Every year, thousands of unlucky people fall ilas a result of (1) eating something poisonous. But some of us deliberately choose to eat dangerous food. Cassava is an (2) Popular vegetable which is enjoyed by more than 50 milion people. However, it must be ‘washed and cooked property in (3) to remove all traces of toxin called cyanide. Even atiny (4) ofthis can be fatal, so it's absolutely (5) YoU seek help immediately it you feel unwell Parts ofthe fugu fish are (6) poisonous. Remarkably, this fsh is considered to be a delicacy in Japan, in spite of the fact that it kils dozens of diners every year. Japanese chefs must cut the fish (7) accurately to prevent disaster! ‘Aicionados of the ackee in Jamiaca say that the ripe fruit has a very (8) but delicious flavour, ike scrambled eggs! (8) you have to pick ackee at exactly the right time. i you pick it too soon or too late, it can (10) ‘you vary sick indeed. ‘Some people eat these foods simply because they are (11) ‘whereas others enjoy the til of taking a risk. Howover, | think Il stick (12) my usual cit for now! 0A terrible @ great © giant D_ strong 1A casually B wrongly © accidentally D_ harmfily 2° A extremely B entirely © intensely D utterly 3A. purpose B hope © order D_ intention 4 -&_number B amount © volume D supply 5 A. required B desirable © essential D_ important 6 A widely B deeply © highty greatly 7A incredibly B wholly © simply D greatly 8 A strange B astonishing © irregular D rare 9 A Moreover B_ However © Therefore D Despite 10 A cause B get © create D make 11 A. tasteful B tasteless © tasty D cistastetul 12 A on B for cin D toWriting: Part Prepare Q wien ofthese activites are more popular with people under 25, and which with older people? Why do you think this is? Analyse the task ‘A local business wants to open a new sports centre in your area, and is keen to encourage younger people to join. The centre manager has asked you to write a report including the following information: + the most popular sports in your area + ideas for after-school activities + suggestions on what kind of food to serve inthe sports centre café. Read the task above, Who is the report for? How many topics must you include? Read the report on the right and complete it with suitable headings from the list. A delicious café Beginning Ideas for the café Introduction Popular local sports Some activities Sports like ‘Suggestions for after-school } activities Anew sports centre 1 The aim ofthis reports to provide information fora sports centre which wantsto appeal to young people The evo discusses popula local sports and makes commence for suitable activities and refreshments. , The tree most popular sports in my region res + football re + basketball + swimming, In addition, many younger peo} /ounger people enjoy martial arts and dance. Skateboarding is also quite popular. However, there are currently no suitable facilities for ths in the area, Many peopeaeady pla football and bask football and basketball a schoo Therefoel would suggest thatthe centeofersateneon and evening lasses teaching other poputr spots secros modern donee judo. Moreover eee here vel be considerable Interestn a supervised skate area ey shate are, especal ifthe centre also ran a skateboarding club. : t 4 ‘As many students have little money, | would strongly recommend that the café sells a range of cheap but healthy food, such as sandwiches and fruit. This will encoura younger customers to visit. reImprove your writing: formal language @ ire report, you shoud use more formal onguage. Mic fare more formal and which are more informal? Explstn your onswers 1 nk would bea brant ea 2 Thisreprtintendedto 3 I woul stronly recommend that 4 ltseems petiyceartome at 5 | wougseggest nat 6 Letsster wth 7 fanotner poe might bet 8 the purpose the reports 9 ise bl aca to soy wneter © we expressions fom Activity 4 could you use {o'tar your report? Findan expression with Sinlar meting nthe teprt on page Tn © decise whch ofthese linkers would not be Suitable formal wring although anyway by the way furthermore however in addition mind you moreover. therefore well yousee In groups, complete the table with the formal linkers from Activity 6. Can you add any more? @ Exoand onthe ideas inthe sentences ung suitable linkers. © Yoga can help to improve your posture. (adeition) What's more, it can help you to relax. 1 A certain amount of regular dally exercise can be 00d for you. (contrast) 2. Some parents do nat allow children to watch any television. (result) 3 Drinking alcohol can make you feel unwell, (adeition) Ready to write! Your school wants to encourage students to improve their health and fitness. Your teacher has asked you to write a report for students about things they can do in your local area. Include advice on local sports facilities, cafés and restaurants which serve healthy food, and the best places to relaxin. Write your report in 120-180 words in an appropriate style. Q Read the task above. Which three topics must you include in your report? © pars, brainstorm ideas or ach tpl. Then choose the three best ideas from each category to include in yourreport © Read the Exam tip. Look atthe report on page 74 and: 1) decide how many paragraphs you are going to include. 2 think ofa suitable heading for each paragraph, 3. choose at least four formal ion include in you Think about Sac ORG Ceaser eae ay OP ga eee een ted omar ead Try to use suitable heading rea d like, you can also include bulleted (+) or numbered (1) points. Teas ore Include a range of grammar and vocabulary, but d NoT ore ety Q winte your report. Remember to organise your ideas Clea and to use a range ef formal expreseons © Lookst tne chechston page 173. cheek your report and rok wy corectonsCreorrtsd Unit 6 @ compete tn second sentence so tht thas anlar meaning to the first, using between two and five words, including the word given. 0 I was not allowed to cook in my parents’ kitchen. LET. My parents didn't let ine cook: in their kitchen. 1 The use of cutlery is not compulsory for NoT contestants, Contestants cutlery. 2 It wasn't necessary for him to eat the hot dogs, NEED but he did it anyway. Even to eat the hot dogs, he did it anyway. 3 It's bad idea to push yourself toohard OVERDO. when you're exercising. You ought: when you're exercising 4 Cheating in the contest is strictly ABSOLUTELY forbidden. You in the contest. 5 Participating in the competition was SHOULD ‘a mistake. He_____part in the competition. Ppimwiccre: aunt: moter The World’ Stronge (0) strong / strength (D get / take part in challenging events, st Man competition tests entrants’ and endurance. Competitors ‘4 number of (2) absolutely / ona They have to (2) lf plek hears above their heads, (4) hit / throw huge weighte ver the top ofa wall using only their hands, and ene S ind even Units 1-6 © ovis two ofthese sentences are complete. Add one Rana se ceeeetaeeaiese Ws 0 This chi dish is much tere curry 4 trmisling so on sweets because] yack se wel 2 By the endo ths course you wai to cook 3 ffi the gym as long yu ee Wine 4 Would youmind ooking ater the len lem cooking? 5 Lavay hed sweet foods, eversnce was child 6 She alas buy ik ane apg the tr 7 Pabla materi asprsinstruor ser Join the sentences using the word or expression in brackets. © Mole is atype of sauce. Its made with chocolate. (which) Mole isa type of sauce which is made with chocolate. 1 That is the chef. We were talking about her. (who) 2 | went jogging every day. | wanted to get fit (in order to) 3. You should go to the doctor's. It's possible your cough Is serious. in case) 4 He isn’t very strong. He can’t win the Strongest Man contest! (enough) 5 The restaurant stopped serving food. Then | arrived. (by the time) 6 Late too much chocolate. Then | felt sick. (if) © complete these heath tis wit sutabe words 0 Everyone needs to exercise, whether you're skinny, slim, or wé Lb ut Lt 1 Keeping your back straight will improve your Its best to meditate in a quiet; p __ I place. Always t___ w away outtof-date meat and fish. Try not to be g you're r_ a doctor. Yoga is a good way to improve your a wawn © ee i mal along cars and trucks! You need to /hardly ifyou want to win, Entrants regularly work (7) out / uy 9 AP at_a gym, and the m : ey (8) often exereise /exereise often for moro than twenty hours a week. What's ty at's more, to develo, their muscles they nee to) pat getons of Weight! Some competitors eat more than 7,000 calories a day, includin, frying ys (10) vi and junk food! on cae cea yand only eat what you need. ga temperature, you'd better seeTe eT eee ad Cry Ten eae sy oe Reed rd biologist ra eu ay ic eed eens Cc ns 8 Carl Linnaeus 8 Sigmund ‘Topic vocabulary: ‘Word building? nesatve Writing: a on Exam preparation: important experime Pees Cet Coe) the theory of ‘global acc) Tenens Cee See Carl Jun Freud Which cr area Sy Science and technology 4 7 How much do you know about sclence? Work in pairs and try to guess the answers to the quiz! Then listen and check your answers. © 100k at the expressions in red in Activity 1. Which phrasal verb means: organise systematically? 2. explore; investigate? 3. do; perform? €© L00k at the nouns in and complete the table for © rch noun. Some ofthe words may not have an adjective form. adjective person (noun) —_science (noun) B a freezer DE eter © '» pars, discuss how you think these inventions or discoveries have changed the world. How would life be different without them? music printing space travel television fs hard to imagine a world without ‘The world would be completely different if we + ‘past simple ... (second conditional) If we hadn't invented / discovered ..., then we wouldn't have + past participle (third conditional) © Tosether, decide what you think the world’s three most important inventions or discoveries are, and why.© L00k at the cartoons opposite. Discuss the questions inp 1. Why are the cartoons funny? 2 Why do you think that the cartoonists have shown Se both computer users as male? Do you think this is fair? 3 Do you think people can become addicted to computers? Always read the question and each option carefully ere iors Perce oceanic rena at eee ena mcg erent rere Read the article quickly. How did Helen use to feel ‘about computer games? How does she fee! now? © For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 11 What is the writer’s main point in the first paragraph? ‘A. Addiction to gaming is a common problem. B_ The press exaggerates the negative side of gaming. CC Gaming is as harmful as smoking. D_ Gaming seriously affects students’ performance at school. 2 What does Helen mean by ‘geek’ in line 21? ‘A. someone who is obsessed by technology to an embarrassing degree B_ someone who is not very experienced at using technology C someone who is praised and admired for their technological expertise D_ someone who is not interested in technology 3. When her boyfriend first subscribed to EverQuest, Helen ‘A. did not say anything about the game. B_ found playing the game boring, told him that the game was childish. D_ became enthusiastic about the game. 4 What does ‘this’ refer to in line 347 A damaging the computer B allowing Tom to play games feeling upset and annoyed D arguing with Tom 5 What does Helen say she likes about EverQuest now? Itallows her to do whatever she likes. Itis full of realistic characters. Its almost as good as real life. It allows everyone to play as equals. voor @ eel 6 7 8 Why does Helen think that people are more critical of ‘gaming than other hobbies? A It doesn't require much intelligence. B tis too time-consuming. tis not a traditional hobby. D toes not offer many benefits. The writer thinks some institutions are using computer games at work in order to A. employ greater numbers of young people. B_ make employees more intelligent. C_ help employees to solve problems. D help employees to feel calmer and more relaxed. ‘What do we learn about the writer's opinion of computer games from reading this article? ‘A They do not have any negative consequences. B They have been unfairly criticised. © They can be enjoyed by everyone. D_ They are superior to most other hobbies. Vocabulary in context: computers @ Find words or expression inthe ext tat match 1 2 3 4 7 stop the tlow of power to something (paragraph 1) copying a file from the internet (paragraph 2) leave a game or website (paragraph 2) something you use to represent yourself in a computer game or online (paragraph 4) not eal created by a computer (paragraph 4) browsing different webpages (paragraph 5) programs used to operate a computer (paragraph 6) (EEE > Computers b Workbook p.40 © cesion an avatar: Tun to page 153 and flow the structions.Are computer gamers victims Sarah Dylan investigates. ‘omputer games are the latest media scare. If you believe the hype, they're highly addictive and almost as dangerous as cigarettes or alcohol. Features on gaming dwell on the horror stories ~ the players who stare at a monitor for days, weeks or months at a time, barely pausing to sleep or eat, never mind study or socialise. Mistakenly convinced that gaming ruins grades and lives, parents and teachers then demand that teenagers immediately put down their joysticks and switch off their computers. Some even call for all games to be banned! But is this concern really justified? Gaming is a hugely popular hobby, with millions of players worldwide. Surely not all of these people are hopeless addicts and loners? Helen Mackay is one player who contradicts the stereotype. She is both ahigh-fiying student at a prestigious US university, anda site administrator on Everfalk~ a chatroom where fans of the online game EverQuest swap ideas and game cheats. But she wasn’t always an enthusiast. “Until last year, my experience of computers was limited to checking emails and downloading music, and I prided myself on not being very technologically minded, in other words, not being a geek! I'd never even heard of EverQuest until my boyfriend Tom bought, aa subscription. Back then I didn’t get the appeal and frankly, I thought Tom was too old for that kind of stuff. But I held my tongue, convinced he'd soon get fed up and log out for the last time." When months went by and he still showed n0 Signs of losing interest, I got increasingly bothered. I even considered ‘accidentally’ spilling coffee over his keyboard so he'd be forced to stop — but I knew that would start a row and he'd only carry on playing anyway. And then I thought, this isn’t me, why am I behaving like this? So I had a go in secret, in a bid to be more sympathetic. | didn’t really expect to enjoy it. But after a few clicks of the mouse I was hooked! “The game was fun and surprisingly challenging. Every actionhasaconsequence, so you have to think very carefully! Yes, the of addiction - or prejudice? characters — or avatars as I've learned to call them — rather silly (I’m an elf!). However, they're (iberat When you're acting out a role in cyberspace, you be judged by your looks, age or background. Through ‘game I’ve made friends with a skater-punk in Alaska and = 91-year-old Korean physicist. So-called ‘reality’ could lear a lot from this virtual world.” Does Helen consider herself a computer addict? “Of course not. Tom and I play games for about ten hours a week That's much less time than the average American spends surfing the internet — or watching TV! I think gamers are often treated very unfairly. We don’t sneer at people in the same way for being sports fanatics, and compulsive readers. are praised for being clever! But what's the difference? Just because some hobbies have been around for longer doesn’t mean they’re necessarily better for you. Different things suit different people, that’s all However, anti-gaming prejudice may at last be starting to wane. Many professional organisations, including NASA, the Armed Forces and medical designing computer game software especially for staff. Cynics have claimed that this is merely a gimmick to attract younger applicants. However, it seems more likely that employers. have been influenced by the latest scientific research, Extensive studies have suggested that although aying computer games can’t significantly Iter 1Q*, it does help people to become better at analysing details and working out solutions — all essential workplace skills The fact that it also reduces stress is an ‘added bonus! Of course, as with any pleasure in ccan have too much of a good evoting yourself entirely t activity is never healthy, whether your passion is gaming But maybe it's time for the technophobes to relax a bit? A few hours a week playing computer games might not be the end of the world, after all * a measure of intellect© eos this article. what spectal about ASIMO? In pairs, decide whch ofthe ver forms in bol are active and wich are passive How do we frm the passive? (1) ASIMO was designed b ie serena has ever been created! ee yy x eer oe very Serr enn mr (6) They could be peer ence oma Pe i ‘We use the passive: * toemphasise the action or the object of the action (= who or what an action is done to) ‘* when we do not know the agent (= who or what did -an action), or the agent is not important. ‘When it is essential to say who or what does the action, we use by + agent. qm > 10 @ eos the rules and answer the questions. 1 Why does the writer choose the activ rte passive form forsentonces 16m ety 2. Why does the st sentence inde by + agent? Why dosnt the second sentence neue by * agen? @ Fead sentences AD, then answer questions 13 in pais. A Robots are expecedto change he worl forthe batter 8 Robots cannot be taught how to fove, so they wl never tink te human € tha been said that by 2100 every home wl own arobot D iftee many sis ae given to robots, they take over the wer 1 Do you agree or disagree with the statements? Give reasons for your opinions. 2. How do we form the passive with reporting verbs (think, believe, etc.)? Find two ways. 3. How do we form the passive with verbs with two objects (send, offer, etc.)? Find two ways. Read the article. Would you like to be a space tourist? Why? / Why not? Complete the text using the active or passive forms. Space adventure! Ever since Neil Armstrong and Buzz. Aldrin (1 land) conthemoonin 1969,we'(2fascinate)byspacetravel. In the seventies it (3 prediet) that by 2000 flights to the moon would be a part of everyday life! Although that prediction (4 not expect) to come true for a few more years, things (5 begin) to change. Today, tourists as well as astronauts (6 allow / travel) into space! In 2001, the businessman Dennis Tito (7 pay) approximately $20 million to the Russian Space Agency. In return, Tito (8 give) the chance to-go into space. He (9 spend) seven days orbiting, the earth. Now, several companies hope to develop space tourismas anindustry.Itispossible that space “buses! and even space ‘hotels’ (10 might / build) in the future! ead ieee aot y @ these sentences trom a slence magazine would all be Detter writen nthe passive: Rewrte hemin pats (© People have found evidence of life on Mars. Evidence of life on Mars has been found. 1 Someone has invented a time travel machine 2 The government may ban all scientific experiments on animals. 3 Scientists predict that average life expectancy will increase to 200 years. 4 Judges have awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics to a teenager. In groups, write three true and three false sentences about famous achievements, using passive forms of verbs from the list. compose build design direct discover elect. invent open make paint show write The film 2001:A Space Odyssey was directed by Ridley Scott. (Answer: FALSE. It was directed by Stanley Kubrick.) @ reas your sentences to another group, and guess which tf tht sentences are tueUse of English: Part Get ready: have / get something cone ae © Wr pairs, explain the difference between the two illustrations. a Peete We use have / get something done to talk about things which someone else does for us (we do not do them ourselves). 5 B @ Feed the rules. Do sentences 1-3 describe picture A or 87 1 _He's getting his car fixed. 2 He's fixing his car. 3 He's having his car fixed. © Write tour sentences about your life using get / have done. Discuss your sentences with your partner, giving details, One of ray least favourite things is getting my teeth checked at the dentists. I'm glad | only have to go twice a year! EEEETEEERD > have / 901 something done Workbook p.43 ee eee re So Oe een Cr ee eee Ser ae hee ed aa ee Oe ee ea a ore ta) He does not like Science as much as Maths Crh ier cen For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS. © _Luckly, the car had enough petrol RUN Luckiy, we .. DIDN'T RUN QUT.OF... petro ‘A professional willbe making repairs to my computer tomorrow. GETTING wil tomorrow. ‘According to the witness, the person flying the space ship was an alien! BEING ‘According to the report, the space ship an alien! | prefer writing emails to letters. RATHER 1 than a letter. ‘The scientists couldn't solve the answer to the problem. work ‘The scientists weren't the solution to the problem. ‘The astronaut always hated having his photo taken. ‘SOMEONE: The astronaut didn't ke it his photo. We were prevented from using the computer room by a power cut, couLD ‘A power cut meant the computer room. People say that the first bicycle was invented by Leonardo da Vinci The fst bicycle Invented by Leonardo da Vine ‘Someone installed the programme for me a few minutes ago. installedGet ready: communication Exam practice Q roars. deserve what's happening nthe TTT photos Then dacuss questions eae 1 What are the advantages and eC us dcadvartagesofthesecieren kins [A A aaa ata communication? Mia) 2 When typecr peso communication oA aap aH You th would be best fo eG ReT Batya yee going tobe ate? Mo eee guitare? @Q)a@ 2 You va hear e peopltihng abott Mae pronessEF 3 Which of these forms of communication questions 1-5, choose from the list (AF) what each speaker says. do you use most / least often? Why? Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not needs uses cer @ inpais, compete the tof complaints a about phones with the correct form of the ‘Speaker! () Speaker 2 (_) Speaker 3 () ‘words in the list. Which of these annoys Speaker 4(] Speaker 5(-) you the most? AA Mobile phones are unnecessarily complicated. a NETRA iG B Mobiles are more suitable for younger users. Having a mobile can stop you feeling lonely res D People’s mobiles can tell you about their personality. E Mobile phone users ought to be polite \ leading a message fer coneore who —F_Some people use their mobiles too much. reve ups back { 2 senders —__ wp oe ie ott} EEEEETIND ‘oleng { 3s ____ tre sig oF getting ; © 472 complete these statements about mobies rom the ef auneg an important call £ ™ recording. Then listen again and match them to the speakers. Which peng tre} statements do you agree with? Why? 9 aeeioeitehy cally the antec } It’s no substitute for talking f_-torf heacrg otter people's aofd mobic 2 ‘Mobiles m_ life so much less complicated. 3) 3 Amobileis simpy tool a handy way tos_int_with, ~~ people. EEE > communication 4 You've got tok__u_with the latest technology. > Workbook p.40 5 My ringtone says don't t____myself too seriously. ®@ 100k t photos A and 8 and read the question In pairs, write down as many smarts and differences between the photos as you can think of. Then deci on Your four best dees © S22 Listen toa student comparing the two phates and answer the questions. 1 How many of your ideas from Activity does she include? 2 Do you think she misses out anything important? 5 Does she add any new ideas? © dom worry if you don't understand every detail in the photos - suggest your onn ideas. complete these texpressons from the recording, Then listen again and check Can you think of anyother useful expresions You could use? 1 don't many people c do either of these jobs. 21 that's difficult sometimes. 3 It looks as t the scientists are working with chemicals. 4 I think he's p. making something but 'm not suree_____ what. SM. it's some k of machine? 6 Ids. that both jobs are really dangerous. 7 Ityoua ime, there's a big difference between the attitude of the scientists. 8 Itm______be a great feeling to build something H that. 9 Well, that's my opinion, a_ Exam practice ee ey Exam tip Pe eed PRC CCCs es Sopee es Speculate about why something is happening, or what ees reer ara Don't waste time trying to think of the ‘perfect’ word - Pees Dee Euan 4 74 Work in pais. Student A, look atthe photos on pase 50, Student 8 ook atthe photos on page 152 + Listen fo the instructions, then complete the tsk, using ideas tom the Exam tin, «Listen carefully while your partner is speaking, What expressions does he /she use ora) speculating, b) comparing and contrasting?Word building: Negative prefixes @ 1» 2080, rand rs see become cissatisteg with thelr son Max and replace him with the robot SuperMax 1.0! Complete the table with thet ertcsms, using petites rom the Ist diss ik im ine ie une Collocations (2): verbs + prepositions wstcnt-6 wth A-F to complete mrs Stes complaints about Max. 1 I suspect him A onhim. 2 Henever thinks 8 of lying. 3 Ican'tdepend —C_at me! 4 He laughs D with the chores. 5 He doesn't study 6 He never helps E about anyone else! F for his exams. Complete the sentences with the prepositions. In pairs, decide whether you agree with statements 1-7, explaining why. about in in from on to with 1 Scientists shouldn't interfere nature. 2 Most people know more literature than science. 3 More time should be dedicated scientific programmes on TV. studying Science. © complete the table below with the opposite forms of the words inthe list. Then try to add one more word to each category. ‘accurate -agree~ approve dependence employment important legally iterate moral probable regular’ reversible 1 dis- | disagree © conpite the question wth words rom Activity 2. Then ask and answer the questions wth earner. Find two thos you agree about 1 Do you think that having all the latest gadgets is essential or ? 2 Doyouagree or ___ that the subject of Computer Science is more difficult than English? 3 Have you ever read any con the internet? What was it? 4 Do you agree that people who from the internet should go to prison? (oF misleading information download music animals. GH isdisobedient. 4 Science isa boy's subject. Girls should be 1_| is considerate, discouraged 2 isreliable. 5 It's completely unethical for scientists to 3 _ is responsible ‘experiment : 6 Hollywood has succeeded aa ates making science look ‘coo! 5 | acts logically. 7 Itsillogical to belleve the supernatural, Everything can be explained scientifically. Q Hn pairs, discuss how important each af these pieces of technology isto you personally and why. Then put the items in order of importance. camera microwave computer kettle + TVset_ mobile MP3 player watch PecUse of English: Part Get ready: word stem transformations (QB Read about the world’s frst real computer, ENIAC (1946). Label the photograph with the noun form of the words in bold. ENIAC was 30.5 metres long, 2.4 metres high, (0.9 metres deep, and it weighed around 30 tons! @ Creating word-building tables can be a good way to revise. Complete the table in pairs. Add five more ‘ows with words you have learnt in this course, Adjective “Noun Verb Adverb © | competitive, competing | competition, competitor | compete competi competitiveness | death memorize believe 3 4 destructive 5 ee ee et rs EETERD > Word stem transtormations Workbook p41 Exam practice © ead te article below, gnoring the gas. Why i ‘Thomas Midgley ‘the unluckiest inventor’? Q complete the exam task. Ree aa Per Add a prefix if you need the negative form. For questions 1-10, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that isin the gap in the same line. There is an example atthe beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. ‘The unluckiest inventor? ‘Thomas Midgley (1889-1944) is (0) . POSSIBLY. the world's unluckiest inventor. He was incredibly POSSIBLE a in his day, patenting over a hundred diferent ideas and receiving ‘SUCCEED Q awards and medals. However, several of his inventions proved to be highly NUMBER dangerous. It has been suggested that Thomas Midgaly is responsible for more (3) ENVIRONMENT damage than any other person! (One of Thomas Midgley’s most significant inventions was leaded petrol, which tured out to produce poisonous fumes which cause permanent, (4) damage to people's health. He also patented REVERSE «a chlorinated fluorocarbon (CFC), which contributed significantly tothe (6) oftheozone DESTROY layer. Midgey's inventiveness also ultimately cost him his (6) ‘After a bad attack of polio left LIVE im with an (7) to.walk without help, he invented a system of hamesses to support himself, ABLE ‘Thomas Midgley was an extremely unlucky inventor, whose best ideas (9) provedto FORTUNATE have terrible consequences. Perhaps not all (10) progress is good progress? SCIENCE Tragically, one day he became entangled in the harnesses, which resulted inhi (8)airs, discus the photos. 1 iat do you tank the people wil lar rom these 2. ow do you think we can encourage more people toatudy Sclence? Analyse the task Read the letter on the right. Which three things does Flavia write to complain about? What one Positive thing does she say? It is a good idea to use a range of language in a formal letter. Match the expressions and linkers in, bold in Flavia's letter to the following categories. 1 Adding or ordering ideas 2. Expressing contrast 3 Giving a reason 4 Making suggestion 5 Asking for something 6 Expressing dissatisfaction lavia's letter. Why Find examples of the passive in Flavia's I is it often a good idea to use the passive in this type of letter? Dear Mr Watson, 1am writing to complain about the Science Course which I recently attended at your college. Although it was certainly challenging, with interesting and demanding assignments, in other respects it was unsatisfactory. First of all, the instructor was frequently late, Melt this was unacceptable as everyone had paid to attend. Furthermore, we were not provided with any books, which made it difficult torevise. Last but not least, I must add I was disappointed by the fact that students were not allowed to do experiments themselves, These were all performed by the instructor and, sinee the class was very large, it was not always possible to see what was happening. I would recommend that students are given more practical experience on future courses. T would like to request a partial refund of my fees in compensation. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Flavia D'AngeloImprove your writing: pronouns © complete tne rules about pronouns with the word in thelist What other kinds of pronouns re there? It This They To avoid repetition and to link ideas more effectively, we can use pronouns. For example, we can use pronouns to refer back to: * a singular noun (/ attended the course. The course was terrible) ‘+ a plural noun (We ordered some books, The books never arrived.) ‘a piece of information (I complained to the manager. Complaining tothe manager ___wasa mistake.) Feed Fava’ letter again. What do the folowing pronouns refer to? © which (line 3) the Science course 1 itdine 4) 2 this dine 8) 3. which (line 10) 4 these (line 14) @ choose the correct alternatives to complete this extract from a publicity leatiet. Thank you for visiting the Science Today museum, We welcome your feodback to help make (1 it/them even better! First, we would like to know more about (2) you/ yourself. Do you usually 2 ero ang to museums? Why? ‘With over two hundred exhibits, we like to think that our museum offers (3) anything / something for ¢4) all J everyone. Our ‘sky at night’ and ‘inside the mind’ centres have proved particularly popular. ¢5) Which / What ane did you prefer? “Answer, giving Last year we opened three new cafés. reasons Did you visit (6) any / some of (7) this these? What did you think? Ready to write! After you have visited a museum, you read a leaflet which asks for feedback. Read the leaflet and the notes you have made. Then write a letter, using all your notes. Write your answer in 120-150 words in an appropriate style. @ eos te exam task Then read the leat anda the notes in Aetvty 7 agate 1. What didn’t you enjoy on your visit? 2. What opening and closing expressions will you ‘need to include in your letter? Why? © Wte down ideas about al four ofthe noes. ‘Note | yes, really keen om museums - offen go to museums on holiday -an interesting way to learn - more exciting than books! Look at the Exam tip and the notes you made in Activity 9. Decide: 1 how many paragrap 2 how you can con pect your ideas. Plan your ideas about all of the not Pe oe ree Ce LL penne Peete arta ery, Pere eCna neran e eet nia your etter. Make sre you organise your ideas clearly and use a range of formal expressions tnainers © when you have finished, look at the checklist ‘on page 169. Check your letter and make any corrections.