2 3

Jp¿B≥
Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬
4 5
-

sNdnbap≠w A_vZp¬ laoZv

Jp¿B≥
Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬

\n®v Hm^v {SqØv

6 7
-

Cu- tem-IØn-s\m-cp- {kjv-Sm-hp-≠v ˛ Po-h≥- \¬-In-

hmbp-hpw- sh≈hpw- ku-Icy-s∏Sp-Øn- `q-an-sb Po-hn-XtbmKy-
am-°n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\m-b {kjv-Sm-hv- ˛\mw- Chn-sS
Fßs\ Po-hn-°Wsa∂pw- Cu- Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d ]cae£yw-
Fs¥∂pw- Zq-X∑m¿- ap-tJ\ {kjvS- m-hv- \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-®p.- \Ωp-
sS Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d IW°v- acWtijw- \mw- {kjvS- m-hn-s≥d
quran oru sathianyeshyude mumbil ap-ºn¬- t_m-[n-∏n-t°≠n-hcpw.- A∂v- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xh\v-
(malayalam) \∑bpw- ]m-]w- sNbv-Xh\v- Xn-∑bpw- {]Xn-^ew- In-´pw.- AXn-
author: \m¬- {kjv-Sm-hv- Xs≥-d Zq-Xcn-eq-sS \¬-In-b \n¿-tZia\p
cheriyamundam abdulhameed kcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-s≥-d c£m-am¿-Kw.-
fourth edition:
november 2002 \Ωp-sS tem-I {kjvS- m-hv- \¬-In-b \n¿-tZi kw-ln-Xbm
publishers: Wv- Jp¿-B≥.- ap-lΩZv- \_n-bn-eq-sS Ah≥- B ktµiw-
niche of truth, a\p-jy¿-s°Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- CXdn-™hcpw- Adn-bm-Ø
kalabhavan road, hcpw- \ap-°n-Sbn¬- D≠v.- tem-Isc ap-gp-h≥- {kjv-Sm-hn-s≥d
kochi-18. ktµiadn-bn-°¬- AXdn-™hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXn
cover page: \m-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-b Hcp- {]kv-Ym-\am-Wv- \n-®v- Hm-^v- {SqØv.-
yoonus.k.k
\m-Ym-...- kXy-aX ktµi {]Nm-cWØn-\p- th≠n-bp-
type setting:
≈ hn-\o-Xam-sbm-cp- kw-cw-`am-Wn-Xv.- \o- G¬-]n-® DØchmZn-
creative media
ØØn-s≥-d \n¿-hlWØn-\p-th≠n-bp-≈ Ffn-b {iaw.-
printing:
CsXm- c p- {]Xn- ^ em¿- l am- b {]h¿- Ø \am- b n kzo- I cn
screen offset, cochin-18
t°Wta (Bao≥).-
Rs: 20
UbdIv-S¿-
8 9
-

hmb\°papºv.......

"]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamb
A√mlphns≥d \maØn¬'

apkvenwIƒ ssZhnI{K\vYambn hnizkn°pIbpw BZcn°p

Ibpw sNøp∂ {K\vYßfn¬ A¥nahpw A\nXchpamW vJp¿
B≥. 14 \q‰m≠pIƒ°v apºv Atd_ybn¬ Pohn®ncp∂
aplΩZv (k) F∂ alma\pjy\neqsS temI{kjvSmhv k¿ha
\pjy¿°pw am¿K-Z¿iIambn Cd°nbXmWv Jp¿B≥.
\ap°v tae[nImcnbn¬\n∂v F∂hImis∏´psIm≠v
Hcdnbn∏v e`n®m¬ AXn¬ At±lØns≥d ap{Zbpt≠m F∂v
\mw ]cntim[n°pw. ap{Zbps≠¶n¬ B Adnbn∏v tae[nImcn
bn¬\n∂mWv, sIm≠ph∂ Bfnt≥dX√ F∂v \mw a\ nem
°p∂p. IqSmsX B Adnbn∏n\v AXnt≥dXmb Kuchw \¬Ip
Ibpw AXpt]mse ]cnKWn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
Hcp a\pjy≥ Xm≥ ssZhZqX\mWv, Cu ktµiw temI{k
jvSmhnt≥dXmWv F∂v ]dbptºmƒ At±lw AXn\v sXfnhp
Iƒ lmPcmt°≠Xp≠v. temI{kjvSmhv Xs≥d ZqX∑m¿°v
\¬Inb ZrjvSm¥ßƒ°v apAvPnkØv (Aam\pjnIZrjvSm
¥w) F∂v ]dbp∂p. aplΩZv \_n (k)°v e`n® ktµihpw
{][m\ apAvPnkØpamWv Jp¿B≥. C°mcyw Ckvemanse
hnizmk Imcyßfn¬s]´XmWv.
C∂v a\pjy¿ ]e ]pXnb AdnhpIfpw t\Sn. imkv{Xw hf
 -

scb[nIw ]ptcmKan°pIbpw {]IrXnbnse ]e clkyßfpw I¿ C∂v Is≠Øp∂ ]e Imcyßfpw Fßs\ Jp¿B≥ sX

a\pjy≥ A\mhcWw sNøpIbpw sNbvXp. apºv Ah\p≠m ‰msX hniZoIcn®p? ag D≠mIp∂ cq]w, `qanbpsS BIrXn,
bncp∂ ]e [mcWIfpw, ap≥KmanIƒ FgpXnsh® ]eImcyß \£{XtKmfßgpsS Ne\w, {]]t©m¬]Øn, {]]©Øns≥d
fpw hnUvVnØßfpw APvRXbpamsW∂v Ah\v t_m[ys∏´p hnImkw, PeN{Iw, ISense B¥cnI XcwK߃ t]mep≈
sIm≠ncn°p∂p. `mhnbn¬ \ΩpsS ]e [mcWIfpw sX‰mbncp Imcy߃ kv]¿in°ptºmƒ C{X IWniambn sX‰msX
∂p F∂v sXfnbn°s∏t´°mw. GXv ImeL´ßfnepw a\pjy AhXcWImesØ APv R XIƒ \ngen°msX Jp¿B≥
s\gpXp∂ {K\vYßfn¬ {K\vYI¿Ømhns≥dbpw ImeL´Øn Fßs\ hniZoIcn®p? Xo¿®bmbpw Jp¿B≥ a\pjyIrXnb√.
s≥dbpw [mcWIfpw [mcW∏niIpIfpw IS∂pIqSmXncn°p temI{kjvSmhns≥d ]°¬\n∂pw AhXo¿W-ambXs{X.
Ibn√. ]et∏mgpw ]n≥KmanIƒ Ah XncpØpIbpw sNøp∂p.
F∂m¬ Jp¿B\n¬ aplΩZv \_n (k)bpsS ImeØp≠m
bncp∂ bmsXmcp sX‰n≤mcWIfpw A\v[hnizmkßfpw IS UbdIvS¿
∂pIqSnbn´n√. F°mehpw AXnse {]kvXmh\Iƒ kXy \n®v Hm^v {SqØv
kºq¿W-amsW∂v ImeL´ßfnse kv]jvSamb AdnhpIfpsS
ASnkv Y m\Øn¬ hyIv X amIpw. {^©v imkv { XPv R \mb
tamdnkv _pJmbv B[p\nIimkv{XØns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬
Jp¿B\pw ss__nfpw hnebncpØnb tijw ]dbp∂p: ""apl
ΩZns≥d ImeL´Ønse Adnhv sh®pt\m°ptºmƒ
Jp¿B\nse imkv{Xhpambn _\v[s∏´ ]e {]kvXmh\Ifpw
Hcp a\pjys≥d hm°pIfmsW∂v a\ nem°m≥ \nhrØn
bn√''.(1)
Jp¿B≥ ]Tn®pt\m°ptºmƒ Hcp a\pjys≥d IrXnbm
sW∂v Fßs≥ ]dbpw? a\pjyIrXnIƒ°p≈ Zu¿_eyß
sfm∂pw AXn\n√t√m. AsXmcp a\pjyIrXn Bbncps∂¶n¬
ImeL´ßfneqsS a\pjy≥ A\mhcWw sNøp∂ {]m]©nI
kXyßtfmSv AXv \qdv iXam\hpw tbmPn°pambncpt∂m?
K¿`mibØnse Ip™ns≥d hf¿®bnse L´ßƒ sX‰m
sX Fßs\ AXv hnhcn°pw?(2) tX\o®Ifn¬ hoSp≠m°p∂
Xpw `£Ww tXSp∂Xpw tX\p¬]mZn∏n°p∂Xpw s]Æo®I
fmsW∂v Jp¿B≥ Fßs\ a\ nem°n? ]pcmhkvXp Kthj

1. Maurice Bucaille. The Bible the Quran and Science, Last paragraph.
2. Jp¿B\n¬ a\pjy {`qWhf¿®bpsS L´wL´ambp≈ hnImkØns≥d hfsc
IrXyamb hnhc߃ ASnbn´p≠v. (Dr. KeithMoore. University of Toronto,
Quranic Description of embryo growth (Indian Express, Dec. 10,1984)
10
-

ip≤Jp¿B\ns\∏‰n hmbn°pItbm tIƒ°pItbm

hn sNømØh¿ hfsc Npcpßpw. hninjym, AXns\

A\pIqen®pw {]XnIqen®pw [mcmfw {]kwK߃
\S°p∂, teJ\ßfpw {K\vYßfpw {]kn≤oIcn°s∏Sp∂ Cu
ImeL´Øn¬. hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d khntijXIƒ
hniZambn {Kln°m≥, AXns≥d {]amWnIXsb]‰n
]q¿Wambn a\ nem°m≥ _rlZv{K\vYßfpsS klmbw
thWw.
A\yq\ambn, APøambn, bpK∏I¿®Iƒ°v hgßmsX
a\pjya\xkm£nsb sXm´pW¿Øns°m≠v \ne\n¬°p∂
GIssZhnI{K\vYsa∂ \nebn¬ apkvenw P\tImSnIƒ AXn
s\ hnizkn®mZcn°p∂p. PohnX{]amWambn AwKoIcn°p∂p.
apkvenwIf√mØ ]e {]K¬` ]WvUnX∑mcpw hnip≤Jp¿B≥
]T\hnt[bam°pIbpw hnh¿Ø\ßfpw hymJym\ßfpw
cNn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. Km\v[nPnbpw hnt\m_bpw a‰pw Zm¿
i\nIaqeyap≈ alm{K\vYsa∂ \nebn¬ hnip≤Jp¿B
\ns≥d ]Zhn AwKoIcn®hcn¬s]Sp∂p. At\Iw Hmdnb≥d
enkv‰pIƒ hnhn[ bqtdm]y≥ `mjIfnte°v hnip≤Jp¿B≥
`mjm¥cs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. Nne¿ Jp¿Bs\bpw Ckvemans\
bpw ]‰n I\s∏´ IrXnIƒ cNn®n´pap≠v.
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 14-
]t£, AapkvenwIfn¬ _lp`qcn`mKhpw hnip≤Jp¿B\n
s\ Hcp apkvenw]pcmW{K\vYw F∂ \nebn¬ am{Xw t\m°n
°mWp∂hcmWv. Hmtcm P\Xbv°pw kz¥ambn sFXnly
ßfpw ]pcmWßfpw D≈Xpt]mse apkvenwIƒ°pw H∂p≠v.
AXh¿ ]qPn®v Bcm[n®psIm≈s´, \ap°Xn¬ Imcysam∂p
an√ F∂ \n wKXm]q¿Wamb \ne]mSmWv ]ecpw sh®p]pe
¿Øp∂Xv. P\߃ k¶pNnXamb kmapZmbnIXzØns≥d
sh≈w IS°mØ AdIfn¬ H‰s∏´pIgnbp∂ taJeIfn¬
Cu \n wKXbpw DZmko\`mhhpw hfcp∂p. Nnet∏mgXv AhK
W\bpw AhPvRbpwhsc FØp∂p.
F∂m¬ ]IzaXnIfpw kXymt\zjnIfpamb Hcp \yq\]£w
k¶pNnX ho£WßfpsS apJmhcWw \o°n {]hnimeamb
taJeIfnte°v kXyw tXSn ]pds∏Smdp≠v. ]t£, Ckveman
s\]‰n At\zjn°p∂ klrZbcpsS Iøn¬ Nnet∏mƒ am{Xta
kXyk\v[amb {K\vY߃ FØns∏Smdp≈q. ]et∏mgpw
B[nImcnIPvRm\an√mØ apkvenw FgpØpIm¿ IpØn°q
´nb A_≤kwlnXItfm Zpjv{]NmcIcmb FXncmfnIfpsS
Zpcp]Znjv S IrXnItfm Bbncn°pw Ah¿°v hmbn°m≥
In´p∂Xv. CXv Ahcn¬ Ckvemant\mSv hnapJX hf¿Øp∂p
sh¶n¬ Ahsc ]gn®n´pImcyan√.
Ckvemans\]‰n a\ nem°m≥ B{Kln°p∂ aebmfnI
ƒ°v hnip≤Jp¿B\ns\]‰n {lkzsa¶nepw ka{Kamb Hcp
hnhcWw \¬IpI F∂Xs{X Cu eLpIrXnbpsS e£yw.
hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ Ncn{XØn¬
KXImekw`hßfpsS km[pX Xocpam\n°p∂Xn¬ Ncn{X
Øn\v henb ]¶mWv \n¿hln°m\p≈Xv. thZ{K\vYßsf
Ncn{XZrjvSym ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ Ahbn¬ JWvUnXamb
Ncn{XtcJIfpsS ]n≥_eap≈Xv hnip≤Jp¿B\n∂v am{X
amsW∂v ImWmhp∂XmWv. Imew AhyIvXXbpsS Icn\ng¬
hogvØnb ImcWØm¬ ]e aXmNmcy∑mcpsS PohnXØnepw
Ncn{X tcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v h∂ncn°p∂p. DZmlcW
ambn tamsi, tbip, {ioIrjvW≥ XpSßnbhsc FSp°mw.
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 15
blqZ¿ hnizkn°p∂p, tamsibmWv temIw I≠ amXrImtbm
Ky\mb BNmcys\∂v. ss{IkvXh¿ hnizkn°p∂p, Hmtcm
a\pjy\pw BZn]m]Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w e`n°p∂Xv tbip{In
kvXphns≥d IpcnipacWØneqsSbmsW∂v. F√m \∑bpsS
bpw iIvXnbpsSbpw t{kmX mbn sslµh¿ {ioIrjvWs\
ImWp∂p. F∂m¬ tamsitbm, tbipthm IrjvWt\m Pohn
®nt´ Cs√∂pw Chscms° BcpsStbm `mh\bn¬ cq]w ]q≠
CXnlmk IYm]m{X߃ am{XamsW∂pw Ncn{XØns≥d
t]cn¬ hmZn°p∂ bpIvXnhmZnIsf t\cnSm≥ B[nImcnI
Ncn{XtcJIfn√msX IpgßpIbmWv C∂-v blqZcpw ss{I
kv X hcpw sslµhcpsa√mw. apkv e nwIsf kw_\v [ n®nS
tØmfw tamsi (aqkm\_n)sb∏‰nbpw tbip (Cukm\_n)
sh-∏‰nbpw hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂ Imcy߃ Ah¿
hnizkn°p∂p. hnip≤Jp¿B≥ Hcp Ncn{Xhkv X pXbpw
aplΩZv \_n Hcp Ncn{X]pcpj\pamsW∂ ImcyØn¬ Hcp
bpIvXnhmZnbpw CXphsc X¿°n®n´n√. X¿°n°m≥
\ymbhpan√. ImcWw, Ncn{XØns≥d ip{`{]ImiØnemWv
aplΩZv \_n Pohn®Xv. At±lw Hcp CXnlmkIYm]m{Xa√,
temIKXnsb Xs∂ kzm[o\n® Ncn{X ]pcpj\mWv.
{IkvXm_vZw 571¬ Atd_ybnse a°bn¬ P\n® aplΩZv
\_nbpsS kw`h_lpeamb PohnXw BZya[-ym¥w Ncn{X
Øn¬ tcJs∏´pInS°p∂p≠v. \m¬]Xmw hb p- hsc kmln
Xy]camb bmsXmcp anIhpw At±lw {]ISn∏n®ncp∂n√-.
aXhnZym]oTßfn¬ tN¿∂v At±lw ]T\w \SØnbn´n√.
{]mIrXaX°mcpw ss{IkvXhcpw blqZcpw skmtdmkv{Snb≥
aX°mcpamb Ad_nIfpambn At±lw aXhnjb߃ N¿®
sNøpItbm kwhmZØn¬ G¿s∏SpItbm sNbvXncp∂n√.
cmjv { Saoamwkbntem kmaqlnIimkv {XØntem At±lw
KthjWw \SØnbncp∂n√. Imhy߃ cNn°pItbm
IhnXbn¬ Xm¬]cyw {]ISn∏n°pItbm sNbv X ncp∂n√
At±lw. sNdp∏Øn¬ BSvtabv°epw buh\Øn¬ hym]mc
hpambncp∂p At±lØns≥d sXmgn¬.
\m¬]Xmw hb n¬ At±lØn\v GIm¥[ym\Øn¬
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 16-
Xm¬]cyw tXm∂pIbpw AXn\mbn At±lw a°bnse Hcp
Kpl sXcs™Sp°pIbpw sNbvXp. AhnsSsh®mWv At±l
Øn\v Pn{_o¬ F∂ amemJ aptJ\ BZysØ ssZhnI
ktµiw e`n®Xv. XnI®pw BIkvanIambmWv Cu A\p`hap
≠mbXv. \_n°v Xs∂ Aºc∏pw \Sp°hpw krjvSn® Cu
kw`hw At±lØns≥d PohnXØnse am{Xa√, temI Ncn{X
Ønse Xs∂ Hcp hgnØncnhmbncp∂p. at\mhn{`m¥nbpsStbm
ambnI{`aßf-psStbm Hcp temIØnte°√ Cu kw`hw
At±lsØ \bn®Xv . temIØn\msI Hcp am¿KZ¿i\w
\¬IpI: {]kwKØn¬ am{Xa√ {]tbmKØnepw ssZhlnX
Øn\v km£yw hln°pI F∂ ZuXyØns≥d hnPbIcamb
\n¿hlWØnte°v AXv At±lØns≥d PohnXsØ
sXmSpØphn´p. XpS¿∂v Ccp]Ønaq∂v h¿jØn\nSbn¬
At\Iw XhW At±lØn\v ssZhnIktµiw e`n®psIm≠n
cp∂p. hnizmkI¿a- c wKßfnse ssZhnI\n¿tZ- i ߃
{Iam\pKXambn At±lØn\v tIƒ∏n°s∏´p. Hmtcm
XhWbpw tIƒ∏n°s∏Sp∂ ktµiw At±lw P\ßsf tIƒ
∏n®p. Nne¿ hnizkn®p. ]ecpw \ntj[n®p. Hmtcm kµ¿`
Ønepw e`n°p∂ ssZhnI ktµißf{Xbpw At±lhpw A\p
bmbnIfpw Bh¿Øn®mh¿Øn®v ]mcmbWw sNbvXv a\ n
epd∏n®p. ]ecpw AXv tcJs∏SpØnsh°pIbpw sNbvXp. hmKv
hnNmcI¿a-ßsf XZSnkvYm\Øn¬ Ah¿ hm¿sØSpØp.
\_n(k) CltemIhmkw shSnbp∂Xn\v apºv Xs∂
A[ymbßfpw hN\ßfpw C∂v \nehnep≈ {IaØn¬ ]mcm
bWw sNbvXpsIm≠v hnip≤ {K\vYØns≥d t{ImUoIrX
cq]hpw IqSn ssZhnI \n¿tZ-i{]Imcw temIsØ Adnbn®ncp
∂p. ]t£, Jp¿B\ns≥d apgph≥ `mKßfpw H∂n®v H‰ hmey
ambn FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠mbncp∂n√. \_n (k)
]mcmbWw sNbvXv tIƒ∏n°-p∂ ktµißsf√mw bYm
kabw ]e A\pbmbnIfpw FgpXmhp∂ hkvXp°fnt∑¬
(XpI¬, I√v, F√v apXembh) FgpXnsh°mdp≠mbncp∂p.
IWniambn lrZnkvYam°nbhcpsS kwJy hfsc IqSpXep
≠mbncp∂p. \_n (k)bpsS hntbmKØn\v tijw Xmakn
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 17
bmsX Xs∂ tcJIƒ HØpt\m°nbpw a\x]mTam°nbhsc
s°m≠v ]cntim[n∏n®pw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ enJnXßfpsS
B[nImcnIamb t{ImUoIcWw \_n (k)bpsS ]n≥Kmanbmb
H∂mw Jeo^ A_q_°dn(d)s≥d I¬]\{]Imcw sskZv
_n≥ km_nØv (d) F∂ klm_n {]apJs≥d t\XrXzØn¬
\S∂p. Aßs\ hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ C∂v ImWp∂ {IaØnepw
cq]Ønepap≈ H‰ hmeyambnØo¿∂p. aq∂mw Jeo^ Dkvam≥
(d) AXns≥d ]I¿∏pIƒ FSp∏n®v CkvemanIcmjv{SØns≥d
{]hniym Xekv Y m\ßfntes°√mw Ab®psImSpØp.
CXns≥d {]XnIƒ C∂pw e`yamWv. C∂v temIØpS\ofw
]mcmbWw sNøs∏Sp∂ tImSn°W°n\v hnip≤Jp¿B≥
tIm∏nIƒ B {]mNo\ ]I¿∏pIfpambn Hc£cØn\pt]mepw
hyXymkan√mØXs{X. apkvenwIƒ FgpXnb Ncn{Xw am{Xa√,
hnhn[ aX°mcpw aXhncp≤cpw FgpXnb Ncn{X{K\vY߃
t]mepw \_n (k)} bpsSbpw hnip≤ Jp¿Bs≥dbpw Ncn{X
]cX AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v.
a‰v thZßfpsSbpw ]pcmWßfpsSbpw Ncn{X]camb
ASnØd ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ Cu hkvXpX IqSpX¬ kv]jv
SamIpw. ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nbaw tbip{InkvXphns≥d hN\
ßfmsW∂Xn\v Ncn{XtcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v ss__nƒ
Ncn{XImc∑m¿ Xs∂ kΩXn®n´p≈XmWv. Ncn{XtcJIfpsS
ASnkvYm\Øn¬ B[nImcnIX kvYm]n°mhp∂ ]pcmtW
Xnlmkßtfm thtZm]\njØpItfm Cs√∂ hkv X pX
C¥ymNcn{XsØ∏‰n kmam\y[mcWbp≈h¿s°√mw
Adnbmhp∂Xs{X.
khntijXIƒ
C\n \ap°v hnip≤Jp¿B\ns≥d khntijXIƒ Fs¥m
s°sb∂v s]mXpsh ]cntim[n°mw. kq£vahniIe\w Hcp
eLp{K\vYØns≥d ]cn[nbn¬ HXpßp∂Xs√¶nepw Hcp
{K\vYsØ∏‰n ]Tn°m\p≈ icnbmb Hcp am¿Kw AXns\ a‰v
{K\vYßfpambn XmcXays∏SpØpIbs{X. BZyw Ad_n`mj
bnep≈ {K\vY߃, AhbpsS D≈S°hpw ssienbpambn
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 18-
hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d D≈S°hpw ssienbpambn XmcXayw
sNømw.
aplΩZv \_n (k) °v apºp≈ Ad_nkmlnXyw apJyambpw
IhnXIfpw tPymXv k y∑mcpsS KZyIhnXIfpambncp∂p.
ss{IkvXhcpsSbpw blqZcpsSbpw aX{K\vYßfnepw GXm\pw
cmPimk\Ifnepw HXpßn \n¬°pIbmbncp∂p A∂sØ
KZykmlnXyw. IhnXIfpsS D≈S°w aZyw, ImapIn, ]S°p
Xnc, H´Iw XpSßnbhsb]‰nbp≈ h¿W-\tbm, Ihntbm Ihn
bpsS tKm{Xtam \SØnb hoc]cm{IaßfpsS Im¬]\nIX
Ie¿Ønb hnhcWtam Bbncn°pw. ImapInbpsS th¿]mSns\
]‰nbp≈ hnem]tØmsSbmbncn°pw an° Imhyßf-pw Bcw`n
°p∂Xv. A∂sØ {]kwKIcpsS hnjbßfpw hn`n∂ambncp
∂n√. ss__nƒ ]gb \nbaØns≥d hniZoIcWØn¬
Ihn™ aXkmlnXy߃ A∂v D≠mbncp∂n√.
B kmlNcyØnemWv aplΩZv \_n (k)°pw At±lØn
eqsS apgph≥ temIØn\pw A√mlphns≥d hN\߃ tIƒ∏n
°s∏Sp∂Xv.
]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamb A√mlphns≥d
\maØn¬
""krjvSnI¿Ømhmb Xm¶fpsS \mYs‚ \maØn¬ HmXpI.
a\pjys\ Ah≥ Hcp {`qWØn¬\n∂v krjvSn®p. HmXpI,
Xm¶fpsS \mY≥ G‰hpw DZmc\mIp∂p. t]\sIm≠v
]Tn∏n®h\mb \mY≥. a\pjy\v Adn™pIqSmØXv Ah≥
]Tn∏n®p''.
]caImcpWnI\mb ssZhØns≥d t]cn¬ Bcw`n°p∂ Hcp
kmlnXycq]hpw Atd_yt°m Ad_nIƒt°m ]cnNnXambn
cp∂n√. IcpØ\pw A[n]\pambn hfcp∂ a\pjys≥d
{`qWmhkvYbn¬\n∂p≈ Ffnb XpS°sØ∏‰n Nn¥n∏n°p∂
KZy]Zyßf-pw Ad_nIƒ tI´n´p≠mbncp∂n√. t]\bpsS
klmbtØmsS \S°p∂ teJ\hnZybmWv F√m sshPvRm
\nI- hnImk߃°pw imkv{X]ptcmKXn°pw hgnsbmcp°p∂
A\p{Klsa∂v Ad_nItfmSv a‰mcpw ]d™ncp∂n√. k¿th-m
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 19
]cn Ad_n`mjbn¬ F°meØpw hf¿∂ph∂ F√m kmln
Xy- s sienIfn¬\n∂pw `n∂amb hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d
`mjmssien Ad_nIƒ°v Xo¿Øpw A]cnNnXambncp∂p.
AtXmsSm∏w AXns≥d LS\msshinjvSyhpw cq]kuIp
amcyhpw BibKmw`ocyhpw A∂sØ Ad_n kmlnXykmcYn
Isf AXv`pXkvX_v[cm°pIbpw sNbvXp.
Ad_nIƒ°nSbn¬ hf¿∂ \nc£c\pw A\`ykv X
hnZy\pw kmXznI\pamb aplΩZv F∂ hyIvXn \m¬]Xmw hb
 -n¬ XnI®pw Akm[mcWamb Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn®p
sh∂pw AXv kz¥sa∂v AhImis∏SmsX ssZhØn¶¬\n∂v
e`n®XmsW∂v I≈w ]d™psh∂pw hmZn°p∂Xv bmsXmcp
\ymboIcWhpw A¿ln°p∂n√. ImcWw Xmsg°nSbnep≈
Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn°p∂ Bƒt]mepw Xs≥d cN\bn¬
A`nam\w sIm≈pIbmWv sNøpI. bmsXmcp almkmlnXy
Imc\pw \mfnXphsc kz¥w IrXn as‰mcmƒ FgpXnbXmsW∂v
]d™v Hgn™n´n√. Poh≥ A]ISØnemIpsa∂v `bs∏Sp
tºmg√msX. F∂m¬ aplΩZv \_n (k)°v AØcsamcp
kmlNcyap≠mbncp∂n√. Jp¿B≥ kz¥w IrXnbmsW¶n¬
AXv Xpd∂p]d™m¬ Ad_nIƒ At±lsØ _lpaXnIƒ
sIm≠v s]mXnbpambncp∂p. Hcp tKm{XØn¬ Hcp kmlnXy
Imc≥ hf¿∂ph∂m¬ tKm{XamsI A`nam\w sIm≈p∂
Imeambncp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ ssZhØns≥d hN\w B \ne
bn¬ Xs∂ temIØns≥d apºmsI sh°phm\mbncp∂p At±
lw I¬]n°s∏´ncp∂Xv. AXns≥d t]cn¬ {Iqcamb ]cnlm
kßfpw ]oU\ßfpw At±lØn\v t\cntS≠nh∂p.
AsX√mw AhKWn®psIm≠v At±lw ZnhyZuXyw \ndth‰n.
Ad_v t\Xm°ƒ At±lsØ \n»- _ v Z \m°m≥ {ian®p.
]cmPbs∏´t∏mƒ Atd_y≥ hnizmk-]mcºcy߃°\pcq
]ambn Jp¿B\n¬ t`ZKXnIƒ hcpØm≥ At±ltØmSv Bh
iys∏´p. AXn\v ssZhnIamb {]XnIcWw C{]Imcambncp∂p.
""\ΩpsS kv]jvSamb ZrjvSm¥ßƒ ]mcmbWw sNbvXv
tIƒ∏n°s∏´t∏mƒ \mapambp≈ kamKaw B{Kln°mØh¿
]d™p: \o thsdmcp Jp¿B≥ sIm≠-phcq As√¶n¬ CXn¬
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 20-
t`ZKXnIƒ hcpØq F∂v. Xm¶ƒ ]dbq: F\n°v kz¥w
hIbmbn CXn¬ am‰w hcpØms\m°pIbn√. F\n°v
\¬Is∏Sp∂ ktµisØ A\p[mh\w sNøpI am{XamWv
Rm≥ sNøp∂Xv. Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ `bs∏Sp∂p; Fs≥d
\mYs\. Rm≥ [n°cn°pIbmsW¶n¬ `b¶camb Hcp
ZnhksØ in£ Rm≥ A\p`hnt°≠nhcpsa∂v. Xm¶ƒ
]dbq: A√mlphns≥d lnXw adn®mbncps∂¶n¬ Rm\nXv
\nßsf hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°n√mbncp∂p. Ah≥ \nßsf CXv
Adnbn°pIbpan√mbncp∂p. Rm≥ \n߃°nSbn¬ CXn\v apºv
At\Ih¿jw {]hmNIXzw hmZn°msX, ssZhnI ktµiw
tIƒ∏n°msX Ign®pIq´nbn´p≠t√m. \nßsf¥m Nn¥n°m
ØXv? ssZhØns≥d t]cn¬ I≈w sI´n®a°pItbm, ssZhn
IZrjvSm¥ßsf X≈n∏dbpItbm sNbvXhs\°mƒ henb
A{IaImcn Bcp≠v? Ip‰hmfnIƒ hnPbw {]m]n°pIbn√,
Xo¿®''(hn.Jp. 10:15,17).
Atd_y≥ PohnXsØbmsI Iogvta¬adn® Jp¿B\nI
PohnXZ¿i\w Jp¿B\ns≥d Aam\pjnIX sIm≠pw AXn
s≥d ktµihmlI\mb aplΩZv \_n (k)bpsS hyIvXnXz
Øns≥d AXpeyX sIm≠pw am{XamWv kmh[m\Ønse¶nepw
]IzaXnIfmb ]escbpw BI¿jn®Xv . A_q_°¿ (d)
At±lambncp∂p aplΩZob {]hmNIXzhpw Jp¿B\ns≥d
ssZhnIXbpw AwKoIcn® BZysØ ]pcpj≥˛ ho´pap‰
Øncp∂v Jp¿B≥ ]mcmbWw sNøptºmƒ AXv tIƒ°m≥
At\Iw t]¿ k∂nlnXcmIpambncp∂p. Ahcn¬ ]ecpw
Jp¿B\n¬ BIrjv S cmbn Ckv e mwaXamt«jn®p. CXv
A_q_°dn(d)t\mSv Ad_n {]amWnam¿°v ISpØ Cu¿jy
tXm∂m≥ ImcWambn.
F∂m¬ ]pØ≥aXØns≥d _≤sshcnIfmbncp∂
Atd_y≥ bmYmkvYnXnI∑m¿°v t]mepw hnip≤Jp¿B\n
s≥d amkvacnI{]`mhw I≠ns√∂v \Sn°m≥ Ign™n√. heoZp
_v\papKod F∂ Jpssdin{]amWnbpsS Imcyw CXn\v sXfnhm
Wv. Abmƒ Hcn°¬ \_n (k)bpsS ASpØpsN∂p. \_n
(k)Abmsf GXm\pw Jp¿B≥ hN\߃ tIƒ∏n®p. Abmƒ
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 21
°Xv lrZyambn A\p`hs∏´t]mse tXm∂n. Cu hnhcw
as‰mcp {]amWnbmb A_qPl¬ tI´p. Abmƒ°Xv ckn®n√.
A_qPl¬ heoZns≥d ASpØpsN∂n´v ]d™p: ""Fs≥d
]nXrhym, Xm¶ƒ aplΩZns≥d ASpØpsN∂v AbmfpsS
hm°pIƒ°v hiwhZ\mImsX Ign°msa¶n¬ Xm¶fpsS \m´p
Im¿ Xm¶ƒ°v ]Ww tiJcn®pXcm≥t]mepw Xb-mdmWv''.
heoZv {]XnhNn®p: ""Jpssdiv tKm{XØn\dnbmat√m Rm\mWv
Ahcn¬ G‰hpw kº∂s\∂v''.- A_qPl¬ ]d™p: ""AXp
sIm≠mbn√. Xm¶ƒ Hcp {]kvXmh\ \SØWw. aplΩZns\
Xm¶ƒ shdp°p∂psh∂v AXn¬\n∂v hyIvXamhWw''. heo
Zns≥d {]XnIcWw Cßs\bmbncp∂p ""Rms\¥mWv ]dbpI?
ssZhsØbmWv! IhnXbpsS Ahm¥c hn`mKßsf∏‰n Fs∂
°mƒ Adnbmhp∂ Bcpw \nßfpsS Iq´Ønen√. ssZhsØbm
Wv! aplΩZv ]dbp∂Xv Cu Iq´Ønsem∂pw s]´X√. ssZh
sØbmWv! Ah\o ]dbp∂ hm°n\v a[pcnabp≠v. tamSnbp≠v.
AXv ASn apX¬ apSnhsc kp-^eamWv. kar≤amWv. AXv
Dbcpw. AXns\ adnIS°m\mhn√. AXn\v Xmsgbp≈Xns\
sbms° AXv X´nØI¿°pw''. A_qPl¬ ]d™p: ""aplΩZn
s\ hna¿in®psIm≠v {]kvXmh\ \SØmsX \m´pIm¿°v
Xm¶sf∏‰n Xr]vXnhcpIbn√''. heoZv BtemNn°m≥ A¬]w
kabw tNmZn®p. A\¥cw Abmƒ {]Jym]\w \SØn:
""CsXmcp PmehnZyam{XamIp∂p''. heoZns≥d Cu Ahkc
hmZw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ 74˛mw A[ymbØn¬ sXmenbpcn®p
ImWn®n´p≠v.
Jeo^ Da¿ (d) Ckvemw aXw Bt«jn® kw`hw Ncn{X
{]kn≤amWv. \_n (k)sb h[n°phm≥ th≠n hmfpta¥n
]pds∏´ Dadn\v (d) hgnat[y hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d GXm\pw
`mK߃ tIƒ°m\nSbmbtXmsS am\km¥cap≠mIpIbmWv
sNbvXXv.
aplΩZv \_n (k)bpsSbpw A\pNc∑mcpsSbpw PohnX
Øns≥d hnhn[ apJßtfmSpw kapNnXambn kwhZn°p∂
Xmbncp∂p Hmtcm kµ¿`Ønepw ssZhØn¶¬\n∂v AhXcn∏n
°s∏´ hN\߃. {]Xnk\v [ nbpsS Hmtcm L´Ønepw
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 22-
ssZhnI ktµiw Ahsc ]cnlmcØnte°v \bn®p. kwib
Øns≥d thfIfn¬ AXh¿°v kp\nivNnX [mcWIƒ \¬In.
AKv\n]co£Iƒ°v apºn¬ AXh¿°v BXvahocyw ]I¿∂p.
AhcpsS PohnX ho£WØn\v AXv A¿Y-hpw {]kIvXnbpw
ssIhcpØn. \mKcnIXIfpsS Db¿®XmgvNIsf ]‰nbp≈
]mTßfneqsS AXh¿°v km¿hImenI km¿heuInI [mcW
\¬In. tkzNvOm[n]XnIfpsS ]X\Øns≥dbpw kmXznI
∑mcpsS sFXnlmknI hnPbßfpsSbpw ZrjvSm¥ßfneqsS
AXhcn¬ BXvat_m[hpw DXvI¿tjNvObpw hf¿Øn.
Jp¿B≥ krjvSn® AXv`pXw
Jp¿B\n∂v apºpw Jp¿B\n∂v ]nºpap≈ Atd_y≥
P\Xsb∏‰n hkvXp\njvTamb Hcp \nco£Ww \SØnbm¬
Ncn{XØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ ]cnh¿Ø\amWv Jp¿B≥
Dfhm°nbXv F∂v \ap°v t_m[ys∏Spw. hnip≤Jp¿B≥
AhXcn®v XpSßptºmƒ AYhm Jp¿B\nse BZyhN\w
hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°s∏Sptºmƒ Ad_nIfpsS \ne AXy¥w
timN\obambncp∂p. kmºØnIambn H´pw `{Zambncp∂n√
AhcpsS \ne. IsÆØmØ aW¬∏c∏n\nS°v A]q¿h-ambn
Xg®p\n¬°p∂ acp∏®Iƒ sIm®ptKm{X߃°pt]mepw
kmºØnI kzbw]cym]vXX \¬Ipambncp∂n√. hym]mcku
Icy߃ AwKpeo]cnanXamb ]´Wßfnep≈h¿°v am{Xsa
kpkvYnXn \¬Inbncp∂p≈q. ImemhkvYbpsS {]mXnIqeyw
\nanØw kv Y nchmktam \nbXamb Irjnk{ºZmbtam
{]mIrXAd_nIƒ°v hn[n°s∏´Xmbncp∂n√. hnZym`ymkw,
NnInXvk, kmt¶XnIhnZyIƒ XpSßnb cwKßfnsems°
]qPyw Un{Knbn¬ Xs∂bmbncp∂p Ah¿. cmjv{Sobamtbm
ssk\nIamtbm Ah¿ kwLSnXcmbncp∂n√. Hmtcm tKm{X
tØbpw kmaqlyambn DtØPn∏n®ncp∂ iIvXn XßfpsS
]nXm°fpw {]]nXm°fpw \SØnb hoc]cm{IaßfpsS tImcn
Øcn∏n°p∂ IYIfmbncp∂p. B IYIƒ tI´v hf¿∂ ]pXnb
Xeapdbv°v i{XptKm{Xßfpambn G‰pap´phm≥ ]dbØ°
ImcWsam∂pw thWsa∂n√mbncp∂p. AhcpsS aX߃
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 23
A_≤PSneamb A\v[hnizmkßfnepw BXvamhv \jvSs∏´
BNmcßfnepw HXpßn\n∂p. B AhkvY i{Xp°ƒ \∂mbn
NqjWw sNbvXp. FtXym]ybpw t]¿jybpw tdma°mcpsa√mw
hnhn[ Ad_vtaJeIfpsS ta¬ {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£am
tbm B[n]Xyw Dd∏n®ncp∂p.
C\n Cu ImeL´Øn¬ a‰v tZißfpsSbpw cmjv{SßfpsS
bpw kvYnXn t\m°mw.
imkv{Xw, Z¿i\w, Ncn{Xw XpSßnb hnjbßfn¬ temI
Øn\v Xs∂ t\XrXzw \¬Im≥ am{Xw hf¿∂hcmbncp∂p
A∂sØ {Ko°pIm¿. A∂sØ AeIvkm≥{Unb (CuPn]vXv)
Gjy\m{^n°≥taJebnse G‰hpw henb kmwkv°mcnItI
{µambncp∂p. \q‰m≠pIfpsS cmjv{Sob\mbIXzw am{Xa√
A∂sØ tdma≥ km{amPyØn\p≠mbncp∂Xv . imkv { X
kmt¶XnI cwKßfnepw tdma°m¿ AXnImb∑m¿ Xs∂
bmbncp∂p. Zm¿i\nI∑mcpsSbpw aXmNmcy∑mcpsSbpw \mSmbn
cp∂ t]¿jy cmjv{SobcwKØv tdman∂v kaio¿jambncp∂p.
A∂sØ C¥y°m¿ KWnXimkv{X, X¿°imkv{X cwKßfn
epw, aXZm¿i\nI taJeIfnepw Hu∂Xyw {]m]n®hcmbncp∂p.
F∂n´v Jp¿B≥ F¥mWv sNbvXXv? h\v[yhpw Dujchp
amb acp`qanbpsS a°sf kwkv°mcßsf sh√p∂ Hcp ]pXnb
kwkv I mcØns≥d hmlI∑mcm°n. tKm{XIelßfn¬
XΩn¬ X√nXI¿∂ncp∂ Hcp P\Xsb GIssZhØns≥d GI
a\ p≈ Zmk∑mcm°n am‰nsbSpØp. `qXt{]XmZnIsf am{X
a√, {]amWnIsfbpw t]m°ncnIsfbpw t]mepw `b∂pNqfp
hm≥ hn[n°s∏´ Hcp ]oVnXh¿KsØ km{amPyßsf {]I
º\w sIm≈n°p∂ tPXm°fmbn Db¿Øn. Nn´bpw N´ßfpan
√mØ Ad_v PohnXØn\v bpKm¥c߃°n∏pdhpw i_fna
\jvSs∏SmØ Hcp \nbahyhkvY \¬In. ]m]˛]pWyßsf
]‰ntbm [¿a-˛A[¿a-ßsf∏‰ntbm [mcWbn√mØ PohnXm
kIvXnbm¬ am{Xw \bn°s∏´ncp∂ Hcp P\Xsb AXv Xmfw
sX‰msX [¿a-\njvTamb PohnX]mXbnte°v \bn®p. GI
ssZh hnizmkØn¬ A[njvTnXamb Jp¿B\nIPohnXZ
¿i\Øn\v Hcp P\Xsb alXzØns≥d F{X am{Xw D∂Xamb
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 24-
inJcßfnte°v \bn°m≥ Ignbpsa∂v temIw A∂v I≠p.
{]mIrXmhkvYbn¬\n∂v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hf¿ØnsbSpØ
Atd_y≥ aWemcWyØns≥d DujcXbn¬\n∂v aplΩZv
\_n (k) hm¿sØSpØ ssZhØm¬ Iq´nbnW°s∏´ B
P\hn`mKØns≥d B¿Phhpw BXvahocyhpw I≠v Aºc∂v
\n¬°mt\ tdma≥ bh\ t]¿jy≥ `mcXob \mKcnIXIfpsS
\mbI∑m¿°v A∂v Ign™p≈q. hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d
ssZhnIX AwKoIcn°m≥ aSnbp≈ Ncn{XImc∑m¿t]mepw
Ggmw \q‰m≠n¬ kmwkvI-mcnI kmaqly cmjv{Sob cwKßfn
emsI hnkv a bmhlhpw sFXnlmknIhpamb apt∂‰w
\SØnb Ad_nIfpsS ap∂n¬ angn®p\n∂n´p≠v. aplΩZv \_n
(k)sb ]‰n ]pe`yw ]dbm≥ aSn°mØ F®v.Pn. sh¬kv F∂
Ncn{XImc≥t]mepw Jp¿B\ns≥d A\pbmbnIƒ A∂v
\SØnb Ncn{XØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ ssP{Xbm{Xsb∏‰n
hnkvab]q¿h-w ]cma¿in°m≥ \n¿_\v[Xn-\mbn´p≠v.
Jp¿B≥ F¥psIm≠v AXpeyw?
sshPvRm\nI hnkvt^mS\w F∂v hnfn°s∏Sp∂ {]Xn`m
kw temIØv AXv`pX߃ hncnbn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ Cu Ime
Øv Ggmw \q‰m≠nse Hcp Ad_n {K\vYØns≥d AXpeyXsb
∏‰n ]dbp∂Xv Nne¿°v ]cnlmkyambn tXm∂ntb°mw. s\m
t_¬ kΩm\w t\Snb kmlnXyIrXnIfpsSbpw imkv{Xkn
≤m¥ßfpsSbpw apºn¬ Hcp aX{K\vYØns≥d {]kIvXn ]mtS
\ntj[n°p∂hcp≠mtb°mw.
F∂m¬ e£WbpIvXamb Hcp {K\vYsØ∏‰nbp≈ ssZhn
Ihn`mh\bpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d Ab
eØv \n¬°m≥ tbmKyamb Hcp IrXnt]mepw B[p\nI
bpKØn¬ shfn®w I≠n´ns√∂v kq£va hniIe\Øn¬
hyIvXamIpw. Hcp {K\vYw e£WbpIvXamIm≥ F¥v thWw?
""B {K\vYw, AXn¬ kwiban√. [¿a-\njvT¿°v AXv
am¿KZ¿iIas{X'' (hn.Jp. 2:1)
PohnXØns≥d t\¿°v c≠pXcw ho£mKXnIƒ sh®p
]pe¿Øp∂hcp≠v. H∂v, P¥pklPamb hy{KXtbmsS PohnX
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 25
kpJ߃ hmcn°q´phm≥ {ian°p∂h¿. G‰hpw BkzmZyamb
Blmc ]m\obßfpw {ihy˛Zriy at\mlmcnXIfpw ssewKnI
tNjvSIfpambncn°pw AhcpsS PohnX ho£WØn¬ anI®p
\n¬°p∂Xv. kz¥w Xm¬]cyØn\pXIp∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂
sX√mw Ah¿°v bpIvXambncn°pw. c≠v, AXncpw FXncpan√m
Ø PohnXXrjvW A]ISØntet° \bn°pIbp≈qsh∂pw
PohnXw [m¿anIXbpsS N´°q´n¬ {IaoIcns®¶nte alXzw
ssIhcn°m\mIq F∂pw a\ nem°nbh¿. H∂masØ
hn`mKsØ \bn°p∂Xv £WnI hnImcßfpw Xm¬°menI
em`Nn¥bpamsW¶n¬ c≠mw hn`mKsØ \bn°p∂Xv
hnthIhpw Zo¿LZrjvSnbpambncn°pw.
hnthIimenIfmb Cu hn`mKw Ft∏mgpw [¿aØns≥d
shfn®w tXSp∂hcmbncn°pw. Ccp´n¬\n∂v shfn®Ønte°v
F∂Xmbncn°pw AhcpsS ap{ZmhmIyw. CØc°m¿°v hgn
Im´m≥ km[n°p∂Xv F∂v \n tµlw AhImis∏Sp∂
{K\vYw GXp≠v? CXmWv {]iv\w. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ AhImi
s∏Sp∂p: a\pjycpsS hmKvhnNmcI¿a-߃ A[¿a-Ønte°v
hyXnNen°ptºmƒ Ahsc hos≠SpØv [¿aØns≥d shfn®
Ønte°v B\bn°m≥ AXn\v km[n°psa∂vv.-
thsd GXv {K\vYØn\v Cßs\ AhImis∏Sm\mIpw? aX
Zm¿i\nIhnjbßfnepw imkv{X kmlnXyhn`mKßfnepambn
tImSm\ptImSn {K\vY߃ hnhn[ `mjIfnembn temIØp
s≠∂Xv icnbmWv. Ahsbms° BfpIƒ°v Adnhpw A\p`q
XnIfpw ]I¿∂psImSp°p∂pap≠v. F∂m¬ Adnhnt\°mfpw
A\p`qXntb°mfpw D∂Xamb k∑m¿K- Nn¥ \¬Ip∂Xn¬
Ahbv°v F{Xam{Xw ka{KXbpw kºq¿WXbpw AhImis∏
Sm\mIpw? ss__nfpw KoXbpw sk¥v AshkvXbpw a‰pw aX
{K\vYßsf∂ \nebn¬ Cu cwKØv NnesXms° sNøp∂p≠v.
F∂m¬ ssZhnI- Z o]v X nbpambn a\pjya\ ns\ kZm
_\v[n∏n®psIm≠v PohnXsØ Baqem{Kw kwkvIcn°p
hm\p≈ ka{Kamb \nba\n¿tZ-i߃ Ah Dƒs°m≈p∂n
s√∂v kcfamb XmcXayw sIm≠pXs∂ kv]jvSamIpw.
Jp¿B≥ tIhew Nne ]qPm{Iaßfpw {]m¿Y-\m k¶o¿Ø
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 26-
\ßfpw ASßp∂ {K\vYa√. a\pjy PohnXsØ {Kkn°mhp
∂ F√m Xn∑Isf∏‰nbpw hyIvXamb Xm°oXv AXn¬ ASßn
bn´p≠v. Ip‰hmfnIsf ImØncn°p∂ ssZhnI in£bpw, Ip‰
IrXy߃°v `cWIqSw \¬tI≠ `uXnI in£bpw hnip≤
Jp¿B≥ hnhcn°p∂p. CS]mSpIƒ hnizkvXXtbmsS \SØp
hm\p≈ [m¿anI am¿KZ¿i\hpw ]WanS]mSpIfn¬ I£nIƒ
XΩn¬ X¿°ßƒ DXv`hn°mXncn°p∂Xn\pth≠ {]mtbm
KnI \n¿tZ-ißfpw Hcpt]mse Jp¿B≥ Dƒs°m≈p∂p.
hnhmlw kpZr--Vamb Icm¿ F∂ \nebn¬ ImØpkq£n
°m\p≈ [m¿antIm¬t_m[\hpw IpSpw_hg°pIƒ cayambn
]d™pXo¿°p∂Xn\p≈ {]mtbmKnI \S]Sn{Iaßfpw Jp¿B
\n¬ ImWmw. Bcm[\m{Iaßsf bm{¥nIamb A\pjvTm\ß
fmbn´√ hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. PohnXsØ
kzNvOhpw \n¿aehpw Ah{Ihpambn \ne\n¿Øm≥ klmbn
°p∂ [m¿anI {]tNmZt\m]m[nIsf∂ \nebnemWv \akvIm
cw ({]m¿Y- \ ) k°mXv (\n¿_\v [ Zm\w), {hXw, lPv P v
(a°bnte°p≈ Xo¿YmS\w) F∂o Imcyßsf Jp¿B≥ Ah
Xcn∏n°p∂Xv. hnImchnNmcßsf ip≤am°mØ, kzm¿Y-w
\o°mØ, tkh\a\kvYnXn hf¿ØmØ bm{¥nIamb \akv
I-mcw ({]m¿Y-\) \miØnt\ DXIq F∂v Jp¿B≥ Xm°oXv
\¬Ip∂p. ssewKnI AcmPIXzØns\Xncn¬ am{Xa√,
A]hmZ{]NmcWØns\Xncnepw kz`mhlXys°Xncnepw IqSn
kacw {]Jym]n®psIm≠v D≈pw ]pdhpw Hcpt]mse- ip≤amb
kaqlØns≥d krjvSn°v Bhiyamb D]m[nIƒ Jp¿B≥
hc®pIm´p∂p.
`uXnIhpw A`uXnIhpw
`uXnI{]]©Øn¬ a\pjy≥ Is≠Øp∂ P¥p°ƒt°m
kky߃t°m \n¿÷-oh ]Zm¿Y-߃t°m sX‰v sNøm≥
Ignbn√. h©n°m\mhn√. I≈w ]dbm≥ km[n°n√. A[¿aw
{]h¿Øn°m≥ Ahbvs°m∂pw kzmX{¥yan√. Hmtcm∂pw
AhbpsS [¿a-w bYmhn[n \n¿h-ln°p∂p. a\pjy≥ CXn¬
\ns∂√mw hyXykvX\s{X! kzX{¥amb Nn¥, kzX{¥amb
hm°v, kzX{¥amb {]h¿Ø\w: AXs{X Ahs≥d khnti
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 27
jX. `uXnItemIØv a\pjy\v am{Xw e`n® Cu kzmX{¥y
sØ∏‰n Ah≥ icnbmwhÆw Nn¥n®m¬ Ahs≥d AkvXnXz]
camb _m[yXIƒ Ah\v Is≠Øm\mIpw. {]IrXym A[¿
a-w {]h¿Øn°m≥ kzmX{¥yan√mØ krjvSnIƒ°v {]tXyI
am¿KZ¿i\Øns≥d Bhiyan√. AYhm AhbpsS
{]IrXntbmsSm∏w AhbpsS am¿Khpw \n¿Wbn°s∏´ncn
°p∂p. A[¿a-w {]h¿Øn°m≥ kzmX{¥yap≈ a\pjy\v
am¿KZ¿i\w thWw. `uXnIPvRm\w t\¿hgn ImWn°m≥
]cym]v X amhn√. hnhmlamtWm hy`nNmcamtWm a\pjy
[¿asa∂v `uXnIimkv{Xw ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. \oXntbm A\o
Xntbm, kXytam AkXytam, ImcpWytam {IqcXtbm GXmWv
[¿asa∂v `uXnIambn sXfnbn°pI km[ya√. `uXnI
{]]©sØ∏‰n ]Tn°m≥ ssZhw a\pjy\v \¬Inb IgnhpIƒ
Jp¿B≥ Nnt¥m±o]Iamwhn[w Nq≠n°m´p∂p≠v. a\\w, hN
\w, teJ\w F∂o am\hnI IgnhpIsf ssZhØns≥d Aaqey
amb A\p{Klßsf∂ \nebn¬ Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°pIbpw
B IgnhpIƒ Zm\w sNbv X Xn\v {kjv S mhnt\mSv \µn
{]ISn∏n°m≥ Blzm\w sNøpIbpw sNøp∂p.
F∂m¬ kXyhpw AkXyhpw hnthNn®dntb≠ \n¿Wmb
IcwKßfn¬ A`uXnI tI{µßfn¬\n∂v, {]]©\mY\n¬
\n∂v am¿KZ¿i\w e`ns®¶ne√msX a\pjy\v t\¿hgn
Is≠Øm\mhn√. ImemImeßfn¬ hnhn[ tZißfn¬
\nbpIvXcmb {]hmNI∑mcneqsS A√mlp a\pjy¿°v A`uXn
Iamb am¿KZ¿i\w \¬In. B am¿KZ¿i\w kzoIcn®h¿°v
AhcpsS PohnXsØ hnip≤ambn ImØpkq£n°m≥
km[n®p. kz¥w Adnhn¬ Al¶cn®h¿°v A[¿aßfneqsS
A[x]Xn°m\mbncp∂p hn[n. [mcmfw Ncn{Xkw`hßfpsSbpw
PohnXZrjv S m¥ßfpsSbpw shfn®Øn¬ Jp¿B≥ Cu
hkvXpX ka¿Y-n°p∂p.
am¿KZ¿i\w {]tbmP\s∏SWsa¶n¬ Jp¿B≥ Nq≠n°m
Wn°p∂ A\nhmcy D]m[n a\pjy≥ ssK_n¬- (A`uXnI
kXyßfn¬) hnizkn°Wsa∂p≈XmWv. a\pjy\v kz¥w
Pv R m\Øn¬ aXn∏p≠mIWsa∂v Xs∂bmWv Jp¿B≥
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 28-
]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. AtXmsSm∏w k¿h-PvR\mb ssZhØns≥d
BXy¥nIPvRm\Øns≥d k¿thm∂XkvYm\hpw a\pjy≥
AwKoIcn°Ww. {XnImePvRm\nbmb ssZhØn\v am{Xsa
sX‰v ]‰mØ am¿K-\n¿tZ-iw \¬Im≥ A¿lXbpw AhImi
hpw D≈qsh∂XmWv Jp¿B\ns≥d \ne]mSvv.
""BZan\v Ah≥ "t]cp'Isf√mw ]Tn∏n®p'' (hn.Jp. 2:31).-
""a\pjys\ Ah≥ krjvSn®p. Ah∂v Bib{]Imi\w
]Tn∏n®p'' (hn.Jp. 55:3,4).
""t]\ sIm≠v ]Tn∏n®h≥, a\pjy\v Adn™pIqSmØXv
Ah≥ ]Tn∏n®p'' (hn.Jp. 96:4,5).-
""\n߃ Hcp Imcyw shdptØ°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXv
\n߃°v KpWIcambncn°pw. \n߃ Hcp Imcyw CjvSs∏
t´°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXv \n߃°v tZmjIcamtb°mw.
A√mlp Adnbp∂p. \n߃ Adnbp∂n√'' (hn.Jp. 2:216).-
""Xm¶ƒ ]dbq, BXvamhv Fs≥d \mYs≥d ImcyØn¬s]´
XmIp∂p. PvRm\Øn¬ \n∂v A¬]w am{Xsa \n߃°v \¬I
s∏´n´p≈q'' (hn.Jp. 17:85).
""\n߃°v Fs≥d am¿KZ¿i\w hs∂Øptºmƒ B
am¿KZ¿i\w ]n¥pScp∂Xmtcm Ah¿°v bmsXmcp `bhpan√.
Ah¿ ZpxJnt°≠nhcnIbpan√'' (hn.Jp. 2:38).-
C∂v temIØn\v t\cn´ G‰hpw henb Zpc¥w `uXnI
PvRm\Øn\v am{Xw AwKoImcw \¬IpIbpw a\pjys\ t\¿h
gnbnte°v \bn°p∂ ssZhnIktµisØ AKWytImSnbn¬
X≈pIbpw sNbv X XmsW∂v h¿Øam\Ime kw`h߃
kq£vaambn \nco£n°p∂h¿°v hyIvXamIpw.
Ncn{Xw Jp¿B\n¬
hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ Hcp Ncn{X{K\vYa√. F∂m¬ a\pjy
cminsb Ccp´pIfn¬\n∂v shfn®Ønte°v sIm≠phcm≥
th≠n AhXcn∏n°s∏´ Hcp {K\vYØn\v `qXImeNcn{XsØ
AhKWn®psIm≠v `mhnsb∏‰n ]dbm\mhn√. ]q¿h-Ime{]hm
NI∑mcpsS {]t_m[\Øns≥dbpw {]hmNI∑mcpsS {]Xntbm
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 29
KnIfpsS {]XnIcWßfpsSbpw Ncn{XØn¬\n∂v ]mTapƒ
s°m≈m≥ klmbn°pIsb∂XmWv Jp¿B\nse Ncn{XIY
\Øns≥d e£yw.
Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°s∏-S-p∂ ImesØ Ncn{Xsa∂m¬
kXysØ°mƒ AkXyØn\v ap≥Xq°ap≈ CXnlmkßfm
bncp∂p. Ad_n°YItfmfans√¶nepw AanXh¿W\Ifp
sSbpw AXnitbmIvXnIfpsSbpw Ie¿∏v [mcmfw tN¿∂Xv
Xs∂bmbncp∂p ss__nƒ IYIfpw. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿B
\ns≥d Ncn{XhnhcWw CXn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXykvXamWv.
AXn¬ B[p\nI-Ncn{Xho£Ww sh®pt\m°nbm¬ sX‰m
sW∂v sXfnbn°mhp∂ Imcyßsfm∂pw Xs∂bn√. {]]t©m
¬]Ønsb ]‰nbpw a\ptjym¬]Ønsb]‰nbpw ss__nƒ
]gb \nbaØnep≈ Ahnizk\obamb ]cma¿ißsfm∂pw
hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ Cs√∂Imcyw {]kvXmhyamIp∂p.
ss__nfpw X¬aqZpw a‰pw ]mcmbWw sNbvXn´v AXns≥d
shfn®Øn¬ aplΩZv \_n kz¥ambn hncNn®XmWv hnip≤
Jp¿B≥ F∂ hna¿iIcpsS hmZØn\v iIvXamb adp]Sn IqSn
bmWv Jp¿B\nsebpw ss__nfnsebpw Ncn{X]camb ]cma¿
i߃ XΩnep≈ auenIamb A¥cw.
D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn,- Rm-b¿- ap-X¬- sh-≈n-Iq-Sn-b- B-dv- Zn-h-k-
ß-fn-em-bn- ssZ-hw- {]-]-©-kr-jv-Sn- \-S-Øn-b- ti-jw- G-gmw-
Znhkw- tPm-en-bn¬-\n-∂v- \n-hr-Ø\m-bn- hn{i-an-®p-sh-∂pw- A∂m-
Wv- i-∫-Øv- F-∂p-am-Wv- D¬-]-Øn- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- (ss_-_nƒ-
]-g-b- \n-b-aw)-tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-
\n¬- {]-]-©-sØ- B-dv- "bu-ap'-I-fn-em-°n- kr-jv-Sn-®p-sh-∂v- am{X-
sa- ]-d-™n-´p-≈q- (hn.-Jp.- 7:-54,- 10:-3,- 11:-7,-25:-59,- 32:-4,- 50:-38,- 57:-4)-
"buw'- F-∂m¬- B-gv-N-bn-se- H-cp- Zn-h-k-a-√,- A-Xn-Zo¿-L-am-b-
Hcp- Im-e-b-f-hm-sW-∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- {]-]©-
sØ- kr-jSv- n-®n-´v- ssZ-hw- £o-Wn-°p-∂- {]-i\ v- t- a-bn-s√-∂pw- (AXp-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂- hn-{i-a-Øn-s≥-d- {]-iv-\-hp-an-√)- Jp¿-B≥- kv-]-jvS-
am-°n-bn-´p-≠v (hn.-Jp.- 46:-33).-
{]-hm-N-I-\m-b- eq-Øn- (tem-Øv)-s\-∏-‰n- ss_-_nƒ- ]-cm-a-¿in-
°p-∂-Xv- H-cp-{]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- a-l-Xz-Øn-t\m- km-[m-c-W-°m-c-s≥d-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 30-
k-`y-X-bv-t°m- \n-c-°m-Ø- hn-[-Øn-em-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- A-t±-l-sØ-
hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- ssew-Kn-Ik-Zm-Nm-c-Øn-s≥-d- {]-t_m-[-I-\m-
bn-´m-Wv.- b-Av-Iq-_v- \-_n- (bm-t°m-_v-)-sb- ss_-_nƒ- Nn-{Xo-I
cn-°p-∂-Xv- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- Kp-kv-Xn- \-S-Øn-b- ho-c-]-cm-{I-an-bm-bn-
´m-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- A-t±-l-sØ-∏-‰n- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-Xy-¥w- Xmgv-
a-tbm-sS- I-c-™v- I-e-ßn-b- I-Æp-I-fp-am-bn- ssZ-h-tØm-Sv- {]m¿-
Y-n-°p-∂- H-cp- hn-\o-XZm-k-\m-bn-´m-Wv.-
{]-]-t©m¬-]-Øn- kw-_-\v-[n-®pw- a-\p-tjym¬-]-Øn- kw-_-
\v-[n-®pw- ss_-_nfn¬-- ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- hn-Nn-{X-am-b- hn-h-c-W-
ß-fpw- I-W-°p-I-fpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B\n-en-s√-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- B[p-
\n-I- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m-sc- t]m-epw- A-º-cn-∏n-°p-∂- A-\yq-\-X-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Sn- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- {]m-]-©n-I- {]-Xn-`m-k-ß-fn-te-°v- shfn-
®w- h-o-ip-∂p-≠v F-∂-Xpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- A-am-\p-jn-I-
X-°v- D-Ø-a-Zr-jv-Sm-¥-a-s{X.-
Jp¿-B-\n-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-߃-
hn-ip-≤- Jp-¿-B≥- a-\p-jy-a-\- n-t\m-Sv- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xv- AXv-
`p-Xß - ƒ-sIm-≠v- A-`ym-kw- Im-Wn-°p-∂- C-Xn-lm-kI-Ym-]m-{Xß-
sf- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠-√.- `q-X-˛t{]-Xm-Zn-I-sf-]-‰n-tbm- cm£-
km-Im-cw- ]p-≠- Zp-jv-S-i-Iv-Xn-I-sf-∏-‰n-tbm- C-ºm-®n- ]-d-™p-sIm-
≠p-a-√.- G-sXm-cp- Nn-¥m-io-e-s\-bpw- hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-°p-∂,- I-Æpw-
Im-Xpw- a-\- pw Xp-d-∂p-sh-°m≥- k-∑-\- p-≈- G-sXm-cp- Pn-PvRm-
kp-hn-∂pw- Iu-Xp-I-ap-f-hm-°p-∂- {]m-]-©n-I- {]-Xn-`m-k-ß-sf-
Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v- hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-;- C-sXm-
s°- bm-Zr-NvO - n-Ia
- m-bn- kw-`h - n-®X
- m-tWm,- A-e£- y-am-bpw- A-hyh-
kv-Yn-X-am-bpw- H-Øp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-tWm- F-∂v.- {]m-No-\A-td-_y-bn-
se- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-Zn-I-sf- am-{X-a-√ B-[p-\n-I- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-Zn-I-sf-bpw-
D-Øc - w- ap-´n-°p-∂X - t- {X- Jp¿-B≥- D-b¿-Øn-°m-´p-∂- Zr-jvS- m-¥ß-
ƒ-.- ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- A-kX v- n-Xz-Øn-\pw- A-Xp-ey-am-b- I-gn-hp-Iƒ°pw-
Jp¿-B≥- sX-fn-hv- \n-c-Øp-∂- co-Xn- A-Xy-¥w- e-fn-X-hpw- lr-Zbm-
h¿-P-I-hp-a-s{X.- G-Xm-\pw- D-Zm-l-c-W-߃- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p:-
""A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬-s]-´-Xm-Wv-:- A-h≥- \n-ß-sf- aÆn
¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®p- F-∂-Xv.- F-∂n-´m-Wv- \n-߃- Cu- ]-c-∂p-In-S-
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 31
°p-∂- a-\p-jy-h¿-K-a-{X-bp-ap-≠m-b-Xv.-
A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-Xm-Wv- \n-߃-°p-th-≠n-
Ah≥- \n-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- X-s∂- C-W-I-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®p-sh-∂-Xv.-
\n߃- A-h-tcm-sSm-Øv- im-¥n-tbm-sS- h-kn-®n-Sp-hm≥-th-≠n,-
\n߃-°n-S-bn¬- A-h≥- kv-t\-l-hpw- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- D-f-hm-°p-I-
bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v-
sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-
""D-]-cn-tem-I-ßf-p-sS-bpw- `q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏pw- \n-ß-fpsS-
`m-j-I-fp-sS-bpw- h¿-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ssh-hn-[y-hpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zrjv-
Sm-¥ß - f- n¬- s]-´X- s- {X.- A-dn-hp-≈h
- ¿-°v- A-Xn¬- sX-fn-hp-If - p≠v,-
Xo¿-®.-
cm-hn-epw- ]-I-en-ep-ap-≈- \n-ß-fp-sS- \n-{Z-bpw- A-h-s≥-d- A-\p{K-
l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \n-߃- D-]-Po-h-\w- tX-Sp-∂-Xpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv
Sm-¥ß - fn¬-s]-´X - s- {X.- {i-≤n-®p-tIƒ-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v- A-Xn¬-
sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-®.-
`-b-hpw- tam-l-hp-ap-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- A-h≥- \n-߃-°v- an-∂¬
∏n-W¿- Im-Wn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬ -s]-´-X-
s{X.- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂v- sh-≈w -sNm-cn-™p-X-cn-I-bpw- \n¿-Pohm-
h-kv-Y-bv-°p-ti-jw- `q-an-°v- Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Xo¿®-
bm-bpw- A-Xn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°-v sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-
A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-X-s{X,- B-Im-i-hpw- `q-an-bpw-
A-h-s≥-d- im-k-\-b-\p-k-cn-®v- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xv.- ]n-∂o-Sv-
\n-ß-sf- `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- (a-c-Wm-\-¥-cw)- A-h≥- H-cp- hn-fn-b-ßv-
hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ- \n-ß-f-Xm- A-h-¶-te-°v- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
D-]-cntem-I-ß-fn-epw- `q-an-bn-epw- D-≈-h-sb--√mw- A-h-s≥-d-XmIp-
∂p.- F-√m-h-cpw- A-h-∂v- Io-g-S-ßp-∂-h-c-s{X.-
A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- kr-jv-Sn-I¿a-w- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv.- ]n-∂oSv-
A-h-\-Xv- B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.- B- B-h¿-Ø-\w- A-h-\v- Iq-Sp-X¬-
F-fp-∏-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fn-seb-pw- `qan-bn-se-bpw-
AXyp-∂-X-am-b- am-Xr-I- A-h-s≥-d-Xm-Ip-∂p.- A-h≥- {]-X-m-]n-bpw-
A-`n-Pv-R-\p-a-s{X'' (hn.-Jp.- 30:-20˛27).-
""D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fp-sS-bpw- `q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-epw- Zn-\-cm-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 32-
{X-ß-fp-sS- am-‰-Øn-epw- P-t\m-]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-b- h-kv-Xp-°-fp-am-bn-
I-Se- n-eq-sS- k-©c - n-°p-∂- I-∏e - n-epw,- A-√m-lp- D-]c- n-`m-KØ- p-\n∂v-
sh-≈w- sNm-cn-™p-X-∂n-´v- X-Zzm-cm- \n¿-÷-o-h-am-bn-°n-S-∂n-cp-∂-
`q-an-°v- Po-h≥- \¬-In-bX - n-epw,- `qan-bn¬- P-¥p-Pm-eß - s - f- hn-\ykn-
®-Xn-epw,- Im-‰p-I-fp-sS- K-Xn-hn-]-cy-b-Øn-epw- B-Im-i- `q-an-Iƒ-°n-
S-bn-eq-sS- B-\b - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂- Im¿-ta-LØ - n-epw- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- Bfp-
Iƒ-°v- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-®''- (hn.-Jp.- 2:-164).-
""k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√?- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- `q-an-bpw- H´n-
t®¿-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´v- \mw- A-h-sb- th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- sh≈-
Øn¬-\n-∂pw- F-√m- ssP-h-h-kv-Xp-°-sf-bpw- \mw- D-≠m-°p-I-bpw-
sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n-´pw- A-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂n-t√?- `q-an-bn¬- D-d-®p\n¬-
°p-∂- ]¿-hX - ß- s- f- \mw- D-≠m-°n;- A-hs - c-bpw-sIm-≠v- A-Xv- "`qan'-
C-f-In-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- th-≠n.- B- ]¿-h-X-ßf-n¬- hn-im-eam-
b- ]m-XI - f
- pw- \mw- D-≠m-°n-;- A-h¿- h-gn- I-s≠-Øp-∂X - n-\p-th≠n.-
D-]-cn-`m-K-sØ- \mw- kp-c-£n-X-am-b- H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c-bm-I-bpw-
sNbv-Xp.- F-∂n-´pw- C-h-bn-e-S-ßn-b-sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- {i-≤n-°m-sX-
Ah¿- Xn-cn-™p-I-f-bp-I-bmIp-∂p-!-
A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- Z-n-\-cm-{X-ßsf-bpw- kq-cy-N-{µ-∑m-sc-bpw- krjv-
Sn-®-Xv.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- A-X-Xn-s≥-d- {`-a-W-]-Y-Øn¬- \o-¥n-s°m-≠ncn-
°p-∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 21:-30˛33)-.-
""A-h¿-°p-≈- Zr-jv-S-m-¥w- \n¿-Po-h-am-b- `q-an-bm-Ip-∂p.- \m-aXn-
\v- Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- [m-\yw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw-
sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬- \n-∂-s{X- Ah-¿- `p-Pn-°p-∂-Xv.-
A-Xn¬- \mw- Cu-¥-∏-\-tØm-´-ß-fpw- ap-¥n-cn-tØm-´-ß-fpw-
D≠m-°n.- A-Xn¬- \mw- \o-cp-d-h-Iƒ- s]m-´n-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-
bvXp.- A-Xn-s≥-d- ^-eß - f- n¬-\n-∂v- A-h¿- `p-Pn-®n-Sp-hm≥.- (b-Ym¿Y-
Øn¬-)- A-h-cp-sS- I-c-ß-f-√- A-Xv- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv.- F-∂n-´pw- Ah¿-
\-µn- Im-Wn-°p-∂n-t√?-
`q-an- ap-f-∏n-°p-∂-h,- A-h-cp-sS- kz-¥w- i-co-c-߃,-- Ah¿-°dn-
™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- a-‰v- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- F-√mw- C-W-I-fm-bn- kr-jv-Sn-®-
krjv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv- F-{X- a-l-X-zap-≈-h≥-!''-- (hn.Jp.- 36:-33˛36).-
""P-\-ß-tf- \n-߃-°v- (a-c-Wm-\-¥-c-ap-≈)- D-b¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 33
∏n¬- kw-i-b-am-sW-¶n¬- ({i-≤n-°p-I).- \m-am-Wv- \n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-
\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- ]ns∂- _o-P-I-W-Øn¬-\n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- {`q-W-
Øn¬-\n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- cq-]w- ]q-≠-Xpw- A-√m-Ø-Xp-am-b- amw-k-]nWv-
U-Øn¬-\n-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- \mw- Dt±-in-°p-∂- H-cp- \n¿-W-n-X- k-a-bw-
h-sc- K¿-`m-i-b-Øn¬- Xm-ßm≥-hn-Sp-∂p.- \n-ß-sf- \mw- ssi-ihm-
h-kv-Y-bn¬- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p.- ]n-s∂- \n-߃- ]-cn-]-Iz-{]m-
b-Øn-se-Øp-∂p.- \n-߃- Nn-e¿- (C-S-{]m-b-Øn¬)- N-c-aw- {]m-
]n°-p-∂p.- Nn-e¿- A-h-ihm¿-≤-Iy-Øn-te-°v- \-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
AsX,- ]-e-Xpw- A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ti-jw- H-∂p-w- A-dn-bm-Ø-
A-h-kv-Y-bn-te-°v''- (hn.-Jp.- 22:-5).-
""A-h≥- \n-ß-sf- H-scm-‰- k-Ø-bn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- ]n-s∂-
A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- X-s∂- A-Xn-s≥-d- C-W-sb-bpw- D-≠m-°n.- \n-߃-
°p-th-≠n- Im-en-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- F-´v- C-W-I-tf-bpw- A-h≥- H-cp-°n-
Ø-∂p.- \n-ßf - p-sS- am-Xm-°f - p-sS- DZ-cß- f- n¬- H-∂n-\p-]p-ds
- I- H∂m-
bn- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s≥-d- ]-e- L-´-ß-fn-em-bn- \n-ß-sf-b-h≥- kr-jv-Sn-
°p-∂p.- aq-∂v- C-cp-´p-Iƒ-°p-≈n¬.- A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- \n-ß-fp-sS- \m
Y≥.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw-.- A-h-\-√m-sX- H-cm-cm-[y-\p-an-√.-
F-∂n-´v- \n-ß-sf-ß-s\- hy-Xn-N-en-°-s∏-Sp-∂p?''- (hn.-Jp.- 39:-6)-.-
""A-√m-lp- \n-ß-sf- \n-ß-fp-sS- am-Xm-°-fp-sS- D-Z-c-ß-fn¬-\n∂v-
]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv- \n-߃-°v- H-∂pw- A-dn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- Ah-
kv-Y-bn-em-Wv.- A-h-\m-Wv- \n-߃-°v- Im-Xpw- I-Æp-w- a-\- p-sa√mw-
\¬-In-b-Xv.- \n-߃- \-µn-bp-≈-h-cm-sb-¶n¬-!''- (hn.-Jp.- 16:-78)-.-
""ssZ-hw- \n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-\n-∂pw- Xp-S¿-∂v- _o-P-I-W-Øn¬-
\n∂pw- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- F-∂n-´v- \n-ß-sf- A-h≥- C-W-I-fm-°n.- A-h
s≥-d- A-dn-thm-sS-b-√m-sX- H-cp- kv-{Xo-bpw- K¿-`w- [-cn-°p-∂n-√.-
{]-kh - n-°p-∂p-an-√.- tc-Jb - n-ep-≈X - \
- p-kc
- n-®√
- m-sX- H-cmƒ-°pw- Zo¿
Lm-bp- v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- A¬-]m-bp- m-°-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- C-√.-
Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xv- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- F-fp-∏-am-Ip-∂p.-
c-≠v- P-em-i-b-߃- Xp-ey-am-hp-I-bn-√.- H-∂v- ip-≤-hpw- kz-Nv-O
hpw- kp-J-Z-hpw.- a-s‰m-∂v- D-∏v- c-k-hpw- Zp- -zm-Zp-ap-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬-
c-≠n¬-\n-∂pw- am¿-Zh - a
- p-≈- ]p-Ø≥- amw-kw- \n-߃-°v- `-£n°m≥-
In-´p-∂p.- \n-߃-°v- B-`-c-W-am-bn- A-Wn-bm-\p-≈-Xv- ]p-d-sØ-Sp-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 34- Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 35

°m-\pw- I-gn-bp-∂p.- I-∏¬- A-Xn-eq-sS- P-tem-]-cn-X-ew- Io-dn-ap-dn®v- R-\p-a-s{X''- (hn.-Jp.- 30:-54).-

\o-ßp-∂-Xv- Im-Wmw.- \n-߃- A-h-s≥-d- A-\p-{K-l-Øn¬-\n-∂pw-
tX-Sp-hm≥- th-≠n-bpw- \n-߃- \-µn-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°m≥- th≠n
bpw.-
A-h≥- cm-{Xn-sb- ]-Ie - n¬- hn-eb- n-∏n-°p-∂p.- ]-Ie - n-s\- cm-{Xnbn-
epw.- A-h≥- kq-cy-s\-bpw- N-{µ-s\-bpw- Io-gv-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-
Hm-tcm-∂pw- \n-iv-Nn-X- ]-cn-[n-bn-te-°v- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h-\-s{X-
\n-ß-fp-sS- \m-Y-\m-b- ssZ-hw.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw.- Ah\v-
]p-d-sa- \n-߃- {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂-h-cm-cpw- H-cp- Cu-Ø-∏-\-°p-cp-hn-
s≥-d- ]m-S-t]m-epw- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√''- (hn.-Jp.- 35:-11˛13)-
""`q-an-sb- \mw- hn-im-e-am-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn¬- D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂-
]¿-∆-X-߃- kv-Ym-]n-°p-I-bpw,- F-√mw- k-¥p-en-X-am-bn-s°m-≠v-
A-Xn¬- ap-f∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.-
\n-߃-°pw- \n-߃- B-lm-cw- \¬-In- h-f¿-Øp-∂-X-√m-Ø-
Po-hn-Iƒ-°pw- th-≠n- \mw- A-Xn¬- D-]P - o-h\- a- m¿-Kß
- ƒ- H-cp-°nbn-
cn-°p-∂p.-
G-sXm-cp- h-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d-bpw- J-P-\m-hp-Iƒ- \-Ωp-sS- ]-°¬-
am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- \n-iv-Nn-X- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- am-{X-sa- \m-a-Xv- \¬IpI
-bp-≈q.-
\mw- ta-L-߃-°v- _o-P-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂- Im-‰p-I-sf- \n-tbmKn-
®p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øv- \n-∂v- \mw- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw-
AXv- \n-߃-°v- Ip-Sn-°p-am-dm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- \n-߃-°-Xv-
(h-‰n-t∏m-Im-Ø-h-Æw)- kq-£n-®p-sh-°m≥- I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√''-
(hn.-Jp.- 15:-19˛22)-.-
""A-h≥- t\m-°p-∂n-t√- H-´-Iw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v?- B-Im-iw- F-ß-s\- D-b¿-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-
∂pw.- ]¿-hX - ß
- ƒ- F-ßs - \- kvY
- m-]n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw,- `qan-
F-ß-s\- \n-c-∏p-≈-Xm-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw''- (hn.-Jp.- 88:-17˛20).-
""\n-ß-sf- Zp¿-_-em-h-kv-Y-bn¬- \n-∂v- k-r-jv-Sn-®-h-\m-Ip-∂p-
A√m-lp.- Xp-S¿-∂v- Zu¿-_ey-Øn-\v- ti-jw- A-h≥- I-cp-Øp-≠m-
°n-Ø-∂p.- I-cp-Øn-\p-ti-jw- ho-≠pw- _-e-lo-\-X-bpw- \-c-bpw-
h-cp-Øn.- A-h≥- D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂p.- A-h≥- k¿h-Pv-
""A-h¿- I-≠n-t√,- \-Ωp-sS- I-c-߃- cq-]w- \¬-In-b- Im-en-Isf-
\mw- A-h¿-°v- th-≠n-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v.- A-ß-s\- A-h¿-
A-h-sb- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.-
A-h-sb- \mw- A-h¿-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-°n-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
A-hb - n¬- Nn-eX - v- hm-l\ - a - m-Ip-∂p.- Nn-eX
- n-s\- A-h¿- `p-Pn-°pIbpw-
sN-øp-∂p.-
A-h¿-°v- A-hb - n¬- ]-e- {]-tbm-P\ - ß
- f- p-ap-≠v.- Ip-Sn-°p-hm-\p≈-
]m-epw.- F-∂n-´pw- A-h-sc-¥m- \-µn-Im-Wn-°m-Ø-Xv''- (hn.-Jp.- 36:-
71˛73)-.-
""a-\p-jy≥- I-≠n-t√-;- A-h-s\- \mw- H-cp- _o-P-I-W-Øn¬-\n∂m-
Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- A-h-\-Xm- hy-Iv-X-am-b- F-Xn¿-∏p-Im
c-\m-bn- am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- \-ap-°-h≥- D-]-a-bp-≠m-°p-I-bpw,- kz¥w-
kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s\]-‰n- hn-kv-a-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h≥-
tNmZn-®p-;- "{Z-hn-®p-t]m-b- Cu- A-kv-Yn-i-I-e-߃-°v- Po-h≥-
\¬Im≥- B¿-°m-Wv- I-gn-bp-I-sb-∂v.-
]-d-bq-:- B-Zy-X-h-W- A-h-sb- kr-jv-Sn-®-h≥- X-s∂- A-h-bv-°v-
Po-h≥- \¬-Ipw.- A-h≥ F-√m-X-cw- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s\-]-‰n-bpw- \-∂mbn-
A-dn-bp-∂-h-\-s{X.-
\n-߃ - °p-th-≠n- ]-®a - c
- Ø
- n¬-\n-∂v- Xo- D-≠m-°n- X-∂h - \- s{X-
A-h≥.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- \n-ß-f-Xm- I-Øn-°p-∂p.-
D]-cn-tem-Iß - s - f-bpw- `q-an-sb-bpw- kr-jSv- n-®h
- ≥- A-hs - c- t]mep-
≈-h-sc- kr-j-vSn-°m≥- I-gn-hp-≈-h-\-s√-t∂m?- kw-i-b-ta-Xp-an-√.-
A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- k¿-h-Pv-R-\m-b- kr-jv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv.-
A-h-s≥-d- Im-cyw,- A-h≥- H-cp- Im-cyw- D-t±-in-®m¬- "D-≠m-Iq'-
F-∂- B-Pv-R- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- A-t∏m-g-Xm- A-Xv- D-≠m-Ip-∂p.-
F-√m- Im-cy-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cw- ssI-h-i-ap-≈-h≥-
F-{X- a-l-Xz-ap-≈-h≥-!- A-h-\n-te-°v- X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw- \n-߃-
Xn-cn-®p-hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv''- (hn.-Jp.- 36:-77˛83).-
""\m-am-Wv- \n-ß-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- \n-߃-s°-¥m- hn-izm-k-am-
Ip-∂n-t√?-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 36- Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 37

\n-߃- _o-Pw- {k-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- \n-߃- Nn-¥n-®p-thm?- Sm-¥-ß-fp-sS- G-Xm-\pw- D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-Sp-ØXv.-
\n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-Xv?- A-tXm- \m-am-tWm- krjv- 1400 sIm-√w-ap-ºp-≈- A-d-_n-I-sf- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw- C-Xv-
Sn-I¿-Øm-hv?- F-{X-am-{Xw- {]-k-Iv-X-am-tWm- A-{X-tØm-fw- {]-k-Iv-Xn- B-[p-\n
\mw- \n-߃-°n-Sb - n¬- a-cW- w- hn-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \-sΩ- B¿°pw- Ik-aq-l-ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-e-pw- A-Xn-\p-≠v.- Ime-hpw- tIm-e-hpsa-
tXm¬-]n-°m-\m-hn-√.- √mw- am-dn-bm-epw- Cu- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn-sem-∂n-\p-t]m-epw- Im-e-l-c
Ww- kw-`h - n-®n-´n-√.- kz-bw- kw-km-cn-°p-∂- Cu- kq-IvX - ß- s- f- Pohn-
\n-ß-sf-t]m-ep-≈-h-sc- am-‰p-hm-\pw- \n-߃-°v- A-dn-™p-IqSm- X-Øn-s≥-d- G-Xv- Xp-d-bn-ep-≈- ]-Iz-a-Xn-Iƒ-°pw- X-≈n-∏-d-bm-\m-
Ø- hn-[-Øn¬- \n-ß-sf- ]p-\x-kr-jvSn-°m-\pw- th-≠n.- hn-√.- ]-g-b- A-td-_y≥- k-aq-l-Øn-se- {]m-Ir-X-cpw,- \m-K-cn-I-cpw,-
B-Zy-sØ- kr-jv-Sn-cq]-sØ-∏-‰n- \n-߃- a-\- n-em-°n-b-t√m.- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cpw- \n-c-£-c-cpw- A-Sn-a-I-fpw,- D-S-a-I-fpw- H-cp-
F-∂n-´pw- \n-ß-sf-¥m- t_m-[-hm-∑m-cm-Im-Ø-Xv?- t]mse- Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-fp-sS- A-am-\p-jn-I- {]-`m-hw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-
\n-߃- Ir-jn-bn-d-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- \n-߃- Nn-¥n-®-p-thm?- ®ncp-∂p.-
\n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- ap-f-∏n-®v- h-f¿-Øp-∂-Xv?- A-X-√- \-Ω-tfm?- C-∂pw- Cu- \n-e-bn¬- am-‰-sam-∂pw- h-∂n-´n-√.- Nn-e¿- sX-‰n-≤cn-
\mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- A-Xm-sI- [q-fn-I-fm-°n- am-‰p-am-bncp- ®-t]m-se- H-cp-]n-Sn- ]-g© - ∑ - m-sc- am-{X-a√
- - hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- BI¿-
∂p.- A-t∏mƒ- \n-߃- A-Xv-`p-X-kv-X-_v-[-cm-bn-t∏m-Ipw.- jn-°p-∂X - v.- tem-I{- ]-ik- v-Xc- m-b- K-th-jI - c- pw- Nn-¥I- ∑- m-cpw- C∂v-
R-ßf - n-Xm- I-S_
- m-[y-Xb- n¬- A-Is - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p- (F-∂v- \n߃- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- `m-jm-]-c-am-bpw- B-i-b-]-c-am-b-pw- A-]-{K-
ap-d-hn-fn- Iq-´-≠n-h-cpw).- Yn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv.- Iw-]yq-´¿- D-]tbm-Kn-®p-≈- A-Xn-kq£v-
a-am-b- ]-T-\-Øn-\pt]m-epw- hn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B≥- hn-t[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v.-
A-√.- R-߃- F-√mw- \-jvS- s - ∏-´h
- c - m-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v.- \n߃- F-√m- hn-th-I-im-en-I-fm-b- A-t\z-j-I-sc-bpw- A-º-c-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v-
Ip-Sn-°p-∂- sh-≈-sØ-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-´p-t≠m?- \n-ß-fm-tWm- ta-L- A-Xn-s≥-d- km¿-hm-Xn-im-bn-X- C-∂pw- \n-e\ - n¬-°p-∂p.- {]-_p-≤sc-
Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-Xv- Xm-sg-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv?- A-X√- \m-tam? ∂v- {]-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sm-d-p-≈- tI-c-f-Øn¬-t]m-epw- P-\-e-£-߃-
\mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- \-ap-°X - v- D-∏p-ck- a
- p-≈X
- m-°m≥ Ign- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- Ku-c-h-_p-≤ym- ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-s°m-
bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´pw- \n-ß-sf-¥m- \-µn- I-m-Wn-°m-Ø-Xv?- ≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- tUm-Iv-S¿-am-cpw- F-©n-\o-b¿am-cpw- s{]m-^-k¿-am-
\n-߃- Xo- I-Øn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-´p-t≠m?- cp-a-S-ßp-∂- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- C-hn-sS-bpw- Jp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-\n-°p-
""A-Xv- I-Øm-\p-≈- a-cw- \n-ß-fm-tWm- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv?- A-X-√- I-bpw- A-]-{K-Yn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- `u-Xn-I-hmZ-
\m-tam?''- (hn.-Jp.- 56:-57˛72)-.- Øn-s≥-d- A-Xn-{]-k-c-Øn¬-s]-´v- a-X-ß-tfm-Sv- ap≥-hn-[n- sh-®p-]-p-
""a-\p-jy≥- hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂p-t≠m- A-h-s≥-d- A-kv-Yn-i-I-e-ß-sf- e¿-Øp-∂h - c- pw- km-ap-Zm-bn-IX- z-Øn-s≥-d- kzm-[o-\Ø - n¬-s]-´v- Ckv-
]p-\x-kw-tbm-Pn-∏n-°m≥- \-ap-°v- I-gn-bn-s√-∂v?- emw- hn-tcm-[w- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂-h-cp-a-√m-Ø- \n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ- F√m-
Im-e-Øpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- kw-th-Z-\-£-a-X- Aw-Ko-I-cn-
kw-i-bw- th-≠,- A-h-s≥-d- hn-c¬-Xp-ºp-t]m-epw- i-cn-bm-bn-
®n-´p-≠v.- H-cp-Im-e-Øv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- _-≤-ssh-cn-I-fm-
kwhn-[m-\n-°m≥- \-ap-°v- I-gn-hp-≠v''- (hn.-Jp.- 75:-3,-4)-.-
bn-cp-∂- tI-cf - Ø
- n-se- Nn-e- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- ]n¬-°m-eØ - v- Jp¿B-
\n-Xy-\q-X-\w- \p-am-bn- hn-´p-]n-cn-bm-\m-Im-Ø- B-Xv-a-_-\v-[-ap-≈-h-cm-bn- amdn-b-
a-\pjy-s≥-d- Nn-¥s
- b-bpw- t_m-[s - Ø-bpw- X-´n-bp-W¿-ØØ - °- Im-cyw- Cu- k-µ¿-`-Øn¬- kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.-
h-Æw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B\ - n-ep-S\
- o-fw- ]-c∂
- p-In-S°
- p-∂- ssZ-hn-I- Zrjv- 1400 h¿-j-߃-°-Iw- im-kv-{X- km-ln-Xy- I-em-cw-K-ß-fn¬-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 38-
hen-b- am-‰ß - f - p-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- `q-an-bm-Wv- {]-]© - Ø - n-s≥-d- tI-{µsa-
∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-´- Im-e-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- kq-cy-\m-Wv- {]-]-©-Øn
s≥-d- tI-{µ-sa-∂pw- {K-l-߃- kq-cy-s≥-d- B-I¿-j-W-h-e-b-Øn¬-
{`-aW
- w- sN-bvX - p-sIm-≠n-cn-°b - m-sW-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- sX-fn-bn-°s - ∏´p.-
a-g-sb-bpw- Im-em-h-kv-Y-sb-bpw- ]-‰n- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- [m-c-W-bn¬- \nc-
¥-cw- am-‰-߃- h-∂n-´p-≠v.- Po-h-Pm-e-ß-sf-bpw- k-ky-ß-sf-bpw-
]-‰n- ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂- ho-£-W-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d-bpw-
{]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- D¬-]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n- h-∂pw-t]m-b-pw- sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-∂- kn-≤m-¥-߃-°v- I-W-°n-√.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- K¿-`-[m-c-Ww-
ap-X¬- {]-k-hw- h-sc-bp-≈- L-´-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bpw- im-kv-{Xw- A-`n{]m-
b-߃- am-dn-am-dn- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- `u-Xn-I-im-kv-
{Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°m≥-th-≠n- h-∂- {K-\v-Y-a-s√-∂pw- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- [m¿an-
Iam¿-K-Z¿-i-\-am-Wv- A-Xn-s≥-d- e-£y-sa-∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- hm-Iyß-
fn¬- \n-∂p-X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂p≠v.- F-¶n-epw- {]m-]-©n-I- {]Xn-
`m-kß - f- n-eq-sS- ssZ-hm-kX v- n-Xzw- I-s≠-Øm≥- a-\p-jy-s\- k-lmbn-
°p-∂- cw-K-Øv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂- Im-cy-߃-
sX-‰m-sW-∂v- H-cp- im-kv-{X\n-a-b-hpw- H-cn-°-epw- sX-fn-bn-®n-´-n-√-
F-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- A-Xn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn--I-X-bv-°p-≈- sX-fn-hp-I-fn-sem-
∂m-bn- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- F-°m-e-sØ-bpw-
im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿-°v- Jp¿-B≥- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- _p-≤n-]-c-amb-
X-S- -ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
C-Xn-\v- ]p-ds - a- \-Ωp-sS- k-hn-ti-j- {i-≤b - ¿-ln-°p-∂- H-cp- hnj-
b-ap-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B\ - n-s\- ]-‰n- bm-sXm-cp- [m-cW - b - pw- D-≠mbn-
´n-√m-Ø- ss{I-kvX - h- - b-lq-Z- \m-kvX - n-I- im-kv{- X-PvR- ∑ - m¿- \-SØn-
b- K-th-j-W-߃- Jp¿-B-\n¬- 1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- im-kv-{Xw- {`qWm-
h-kvb - n-em-bn-cp-∂- Im-eØ - v- ]-d™ - - Im-cy-ßs - f- i-cn-sh-®p-sIm≠n-
cn-°p-∂p F-∂Xm-W-Xv.- C-Xn-\v- D-Zm-l-c-W-߃- \n-c-h-[n-bp-≠v.-
B-Im-i-`q-an-I-fp-sS- D¬-]-Øn-
B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-fpw- `q-an-bpw- H-∂n-®v- H-scm-‰- B-Zn-]-Zm¿-Y-Øn-
s≥-d- `m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- C-∂v- im-kv-{X-cw-K-Øv- G-Xm-≠v- X¿
°-a-‰- hn-j-b-am-Wv.- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D¬-]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n- hy-Xy-kvX-
ho-£-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw- Xm-c-K-W-ß-fpw- {K-tlm-]-{K-l-ß-fpw-
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 39
Htc- D-d-hn-S-Øn¬-\n-∂v- hn-L-Sn-®v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xm-sW-∂-Xn¬-
C-∂v- X¿-°w- A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√.-
{]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D-Xv-`-hw- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- C-∂v- \n-e-hn-ep-≈-
kn≤m-¥-ß-fn¬- {]-ap-J- tKm-f-im-kv-{X-Pv-R-cp-sS- Aw-Ko-Im-cw-
t\Sn-bn-´p-≈-Xv- D-{Kam-b- H-cp- B-Zn-kv-t^m-S-\-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- apgp-
h≥- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Xp-S-°-sa-∂v- k-a¿-Y-n-°p-∂- _n-Kv-_mw-
Kv- kn-≤m-¥-a-s{X.-
\m-ev- {]-ap-J- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- 1976 am¿-®n-se- Scien-
tific American¬- F-gp-Xn-b- H-cp- te-J-\-Øn¬- C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw:-
``Thus it appears that the Universe began from a state of infinite
density about one hubble time ago. Space and time were created in
that event and so was all the matter in the universe''.
""A\-¥-am-b- A-f-hn¬- km-{¥-am-bn-cp-∂- H-cp- A-h-kv-Y-bn¬-
\n-∂m-Wv- {]-]-©w- D-Xv-`-hn-®-sX-∂m-Wv- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.- G-ItZ-
iw- H-cp- "l-_vƒ- k-a-bw'-* ap-ºm-Wv- C-Xv- \-S-∂-Xv.- kv-s]-bv-kpw-
k-ab - h
- pw- B- kw-`h
- t- Øm-sS-bm-Wv- kr-jvS- n-°s
- ∏-´X
- v.- A-{]-Imcw-
X-s∂- {]-]-©-Øn-se- ap-gp-h≥- ]-Zm¿-Y-hpw''-.-
(`Will the Universe Expand forever' Scientific American,
March'76)
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-se- 21:-30 kq-Iv-Xw- C-u- B-i-b-a-s{X- Du-∂n
∏-d-bp-∂-Xv.- J-tKm-f-im-kv-{Xw- H-´pw- hn-I-kn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-Im-e-Øv-
tem-Is - Øm-cm-fpw- C-Øc- s
- am-cp- {]-kvX
- m-h\
- - \-SØ
- m≥- H-cp- km[y-
X-bp-an-√.- k¿-h-Pv-R-\m-b- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- t_m-[-\w- ap-tJ-\-b√m-
sX.-
D-{Kkv-t^m-S-\-a-S-°-ap-≈- {]-Xn-`m-k-߃-°v- ]n-∂n-se- bYm
¿Y- Im-c-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ- `u-Xn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ- k¿-h-Pv-\pw-
k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\p-am-b- kw-hn-[m-b-I-s\- X-≈n-∏-d-™p-sIm-≠v- C-cp-
´n¬- X-∏p-I-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬- Jp¿-B≥- {]-m-]-©n-I{]-Xn-`m-k-ß-
fp-sS- ]n-∂n-se- b-Ym¿-Y-i-Iv-Xn- F-s¥-∂v- kv-]-jv-S-am-°p-∂p.-
* (1920¬- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D-Xv-`-h-sØ-bpw- hn-Im-k-sØ-bpw- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- {]-k-Iv
X-am-b- \n-co-£-W-߃- \-S-Øn-b- F-Un≥- ]n.- l-_vƒ- F-∂- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-s≥-d-
t]-cn¬- A-dn-bs- ∏-Sp-∂X
- pw- A-\¥
- k- m-{µ-am-b- A-hk- vY
- °
- p-ti-jw- {]-]©
- w- ]n∂n´-
Im-e-b-f-hn-s\- Ip-dn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- H-cp- k-a-b- ]-cn-Wm-a-a-s{X- l-_vƒ- ssSw)-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 40-
""k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- `q-an-bpw- H-´n
t®¿-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- \mw- A-h-sb- th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn''-
(hn.-Jp.- 21:-30)-.-
s\-_p-e-Iƒ- Jp¿-B-\n¬-
h-m-X-I-ß-fpw- kq-£v-a-]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fp-a-S-ßp-∂- H-cp- ]p-I-]-S-e-
(Nebula)Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- \-£-{X-߃- ]n-d-hn-sb-Sp-Ø-sX-∂m-Wv-
B-[p-\n-I- im-kv-{Xw- I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv.- Secrets of Space F-∂- {K-\v-Y-
Øn¬- Anthony feldman ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
``The process by which the stars from is probably a kind of con-
densation. The principal force behind the phenomenon is gravity,
operating between the countless molecules of gas and dust motes in
the nebula. As an accumulation of matter builds up in particular re-
gion of the nebula the begining of a localised gravitational field emerge
and the process a accelerates more material being drawn into the
region by the gravitational pull of the increasing build up of dust and
gas''.
an-°-hm-dpw- H-cp-X-cw- km-{µo-I-c-W- {]-{In-b-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- \£-
{X-ß-ƒ- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- Cu- {]-Xn-`m-k-Øn-s≥-d- ]n-∂n-ep-≈-
ap-Jy-i-Iv-Xn- s\-_p-e-I-fn-se- F-Æ-a-‰- hm-X-I- X-∑m-{X-Iƒ-°n-S-
bn-epw- [q-fo-I-c-W-߃-°n-S-bn-epw- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-
j-W-am-Ip-∂p.- s\-_p-e-bn¬- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- {]-tZ-i-Øv- ]-Zm¿-Y-
tI-{µo-I-c-Ww- \-S-°p-tºmƒ- {]m-tZ-in-I-am-b- H-cp- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j
W- ta-J-e- D-cp-Øn-cn-bm≥- Xp-S-ßp-∂p.- Cu- {]-{In-b- Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-
∂-tXm-sS- B- {]-tZ-itØ-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-Zm¿Y-w- k-am-l-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p.- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-_-e-Øm¬- [q-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- hm-X-Iß-
fp-sS-bpw- ti-J-cw- Iq-Sn-Iq-Sn- h-cp-∂p''-.- (Secrets of Space P.p. 52
Aldus Books. London)
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- 1400 h¿-j-߃-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- B-Im-i
tKm-f-߃- ]p-I-]-S-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xm-sW-∂- h-kvXp-
X- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-
""A-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- A-h≥- D-]-cn-tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- kw-hn-[m-\w- \S-
Øn.- A-Xv- ]p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-t\m-Spw- `q-an-tbm-Spw- A-h≥-- BPv-
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 41
Rm-]n-®p-:- \n-߃- c-≠pw- hn-t[-bX - z-tØm-sS-tbm- A-\n-NvO - m-]q¿h-
-I-am-tbm- h-cq.- A-h- c-≠pw- ]-d-™p-:- R-ß-fn-Xm- hn-t[-b-Xz-tØm
sS- h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 41:-11).-
Cu- {]-Jym-]-\-Øn-\v- ap-ºn¬- im-kv-{Xw- ]-I-®p-\n¬-°p-∂p-
F-∂-X-t√- hm-kv-X-hw?-
im-kv-{Xm-`ym-kw- t]m-I-s´,- A-£-cm-`ym-kw- t]m-epw- t\-Sn-bn´n-
√m-Ø- ap-lΩ - Z- v- \-_n- (k)-bp-sS- \m-hn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- \mw- Cu- hm°p-
Iƒ- tIƒ-°p-∂-Xv-!- C-sX-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-®p?- D-Ø-cw- e-fn-X-am-Wv.-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- (k)- X-\n-°v- e-`n-®- Zn-hy-t_m-[-\w- D-cp-hn-Sp-I-
bmbn-cp-∂p.-
`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-
`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- F-¥v- ]-d-bp-∂p
sh-∂- tNm-Zyw- ]-e-cpw- D-∂-bn-°m-dp-≠v.- Jp¿-B-\n-se- `q-an- ]-c
∂-Xm-sW-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv- B-fp-Iƒ- [-cn-®n-cp
∂- A-_-≤w- Jp¿-B-\n-epw- I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw- Jp¿-B≥-
ssZ-hn-I-a-s√-∂-Xn-\v- A-Xp-X-s∂- a-Xn-bm-b- sX-fn-hm-sW-∂pw-
Nne¿- tL-m-jn-°m-dp-≠v.-
""`q-an-sb- \n-߃-°p-th-≠n- sa-Ø-bm-°n-b-h≥''- (hn.-Jp.- 2:-22)-
""`q-an-sb- \mw- \o-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 15:-19).-
""A-√m-lp- \n-߃-°v- th-≠n- `q-an-sb- H-cp- hn-cn-∏m-°n-bn-cn-
°p∂p''- (hn.-Jp.- 71:-19)-.-
F-∂o- h-N-\-߃-°v- Np-‰p-am-Wv- hn-a¿-i-\-߃- tI-{µo-I-cn-®n´p-
≈-X.v-
F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- `q-an-sb-∏-‰n- A-t\-Iw- k-µ¿-`
ß-fn¬- ssh-hn-[y-am-¿∂ - - hn-iZ- o-Ic- W
- ß
- ƒ- \¬-In-bn-´p-≈X - n-s≥d-
sN-dn-sbm-cp- `m-K-w- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu- h-N-\-ß-sf-∂- Im-cyw- hn-a¿i-
I-∑m¿- ku-Ic - y-]q¿-hw- - a-d®
- p-sh-°p-∂p.- Nn-e- h-N\
- ß - ƒ- t\-m°q:-
""A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- `-q-an-sb- \n-߃-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-ßp-∂Xm-°n-bXv.-
A-Xn-\m¬- A-Xn-s≥-d- Np-a-ep-I-fn-eq-sS- \n-߃- \-S-∂p-sIm-≈pI''-
(hn.-Jp.- 67:-15).-
""`q-an-sb- \mw- sXm-´n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-t√?''- (hn.-Jp.- 78:-6).-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 42- Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 43

""A-√-m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p- \n-߃-°v- `q-an-sb- H-cp- B-hm-k-tI-{µ-hpw- ∂- Zr-iy-am-Wv- Cu- h-N-\-Øn¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- `q-an-
D-]-cn-`m-K-sØ- H-cp- ta¬-]p-c-bp-am-°n-Ø-∂-h≥'' (hn.-Jp.- 40:-64).- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂- k-¶¬-]-a-\p-k-cn-®v- cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- Np-‰n-°-d-ßn-
Cu- h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb-bm-tWm- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?- h-cp-I- F-∂-Xv- A-Nn-¥y-am-W-t√m.- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-ß-sf- kw-_-\v
sXm-´n¬- ]-c-∂-Xm-tWm?- Io-sgm-Xp-°-s∏-´-Xn-s≥-d- Np-a¬- F-∂- [n-®- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-se- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fpw- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb- kq-
]-Z-{]-tbm-Kw- \n-iv-tN-jv-S-am-bn- N-Øp-In-S-°p-∂- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb- Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.-
kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-tWm?- B-sW-∂v- km-am-\y-_p-≤n-bp-≈-h-cm-cpw- ""D-Z-bkv-Ym-\Øn-s≥-d-bpw- A-kv-X-a-\-kv-Ym-\-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- \m
]-d-bp-I-bn-√.- Y≥.- A-h-\-√m-sX- bm-sXm-cp- ssZ-h-hp-an-√.- A-Xn-\m¬- `m-c-ta¬-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- `q-an-sb-bpw- B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-sf-bpw- ∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-\m-bn- A-h-s\- \o- kzo-I-cn-°p-I''- (hn.-Jp.- 73:-9).-
kw_\v-[n-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- A-]m-c-am-b- ""c-≠v- D-Zb- kvYm-\ß - f - p-sS-bpw- c-≠v- A-kvX - a
- b
- kvY
- m-\ß - f- psS-
A-\p-{K-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- A-Xp-ey-am-b- I-g-n-hn-s≥-d-bpw- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- bpw- \m-Y≥''- (hn.-Jp.- 55:-17).-
Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-s≥-d- `m-K-am-bn-´m-Wv.- F-°m-e-sØ-bpw- a\p- ""F-∂m¬- (A-t\-Iw-)- D-Zb - kvY - m-\ß - f - p-sS-bpw- A-kX v- a - b- kvYm-
jy¿-°v- A-\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂-hn-[-Øn¬- C-Xv- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m- \-ß-fp-sS-bpw- c-£n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- Rm≥- k-Xyw- sN-bv-Xv-
W-t√m- {]-k-Iv-Xn-bp-≈-Xv.- `q-an- H-cp- tKm-f-am-sW-¶n-epw- A-Xn-s≥d- ]d-bp-∂p.- A-h-sc-°mƒ- \-√-h-sc- ]-I-cw- sIm-≠p-h-cm≥- Xo¿-®
B-t]-£n-Ia - m- b
- n- ]-c∂- - {]-Xe - Ø- n-s≥-d- ku-Ic - y-ßf - pw- ku-`mKy- bm-bpw- \mw- I-gn-hp-≈-h-\m-sW-∂v''- (hn.Jp.- 70:-40).-
ß-fp-am-W-t√m- a-\pjy-¿- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- Ir-jn- H-cp- kvY - n-ca
- m-b- kvY
- m-\Ø - p-\n-∂v- D-Zb - h- pw- A-kvX - a - \
- h - pw- \nco-
sN-øp-∂X - pw- sI-´n-Sß - ƒ- D-≠m-°p-∂X - pw- C-cn-°p-∂X - pw- \-S° - p∂- £n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- X-s≥-d- kv-Ym-\-Øp-\n-∂v- \n-iv-Nn-XZq-c-ap-
Xpw- I-fn-°p-∂-Xp-sa-√mw- `q-an-bp-sS- {]-X-e-Øn-s≥-d- ]-c-∏n-em-W ≈- N-{I-hm-f-ß-fm-Wv- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-kv-Ym-\-ß-fm-bn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-
t√m.- a-s‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬- ]-d-™m¬- A-√m-lp- a-\p-jy-\v- \¬-Inb- Sp-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- c-≠v- A¿-≤tKm-f-ß-fn-se- c-≠v- \n-iv-Nn-Xkv-Ym-
A-\p-{K-lß - f - n-e[- n-Ih - pw- B-t]-£n-Ia - m-bn- ]-c∏- p-≈- `q-an-bn¬sh \-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \n-co-£n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- c-≠p-ho-Xw- D-Z-bm-
®m-Wv- A-h≥- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\m¬- C-°m-cyw- a-\p-jys\- kv-X-a-\-kv-Ym-\-߃- D-≈-Xm-bn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.- `q-an-bp-sS-
Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- th-≠-{X- {]-k-Iv-Xn-bp-≠v.- hnhn[- `m-K-ß-fn-se- hy-Xy-kv-X- kv-Ym-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- A-t\-Iw-
`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- F-√m-h¿-°pw- A\p- hy-IvXn-Iƒ- \-n-co-£n-°p-∂-]-£w- A-h¿-°v- At\-Iw- D-Z-bm-kv-
`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂- Im-cyw- cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- am-dn-am-dn- h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.- X-a\- k- Y
v- m-\ß - ƒ- D-≈X - m-bn- A-\p-`h - s- ∏-Spw.- `q-an- ]-c∂- X - m-sW∂-
C-Xp-kw-_-\v-[n-®- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-se- ]-cm-a¿-iw- tKm-fm-IrXn- k-¶¬-]{- ]-Im-cw- D-Zb - m-kvX - a- \
- kvY - m-\ß - f - p-sS- Cu- hn-[Ø - n-ep≈-
sb- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- hn-[-Øn¬-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.- ssh-hn-[y-Øn-\-v {]-k-Iv-Xn-bn-√-t√m.-
""B-Im-iß - s - f-bpw- `q-an-sb-bpw- A-h≥- bm-Ym¿-Yy- ] - q¿-hw- - krjv- C-\n-bpw- ]-e-cp-sS-bpw- kw-i-b-߃- A-h-ti-jn-t®-°pw.- c-≠mw-
Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- cm-{Xn-sb- A-h≥- ]-I-en-t∑¬- Np-‰n-°p-∂p.- ]-I-en X-cØ - n-se- ]m-T] - p-kvX
- I - Ø- n¬- ]-db - p-∂- A-tX- ssi-enbn¬- Ip´n-
s\- cm-{Xn-bn-t∑-epw- Np-‰n-°p-∂p.- kq-cy-s\-bpw- N-{µ-s\-bpw- Ah≥- I-tf- `q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p- F-∂v- ]-S-®-h-\v- ]-d-™p-Iq-Sm-bn-cpt∂m-
\n-b{- ¥-Wh - n-t[-ba - m-°p-Ib - pw- sN-bvX
- n-cn-°p-∂p.- F-√mw- \n-ivN - nX- F-∂m-bn-cn-°pw- Nn-e-cp-sS- kw-i-bw.- C-∂pw- H-cp- I-Sw-I-Y-bm-bn-
am-b- ]-cn-[n-h-sc- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-dn-bp-I.- A-h-\-s{X- {]-Xm-]n Xp-S-cp-∂- `q-K¿-`-sØ-∏-‰n- Ir-Xy-am-b- hn-h-c-߃- Jp¿-B-\n-eq-sS-
bpw- G-sd- s]m-dp-°p-∂-h-\pw'' (hn.-Jp.- 39:-5).- \¬-In-°q-tS- F-∂pw- tNm-Zy-ap-bc - mw.- a-\p-jy-\v- kz-bw- I-s≠-Øm≥-
{]-Im-i-hpw- C-cp-´pw- H-cp- tKm-f-Ønt∑¬- I-d-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn°p- I-gn-bp-∂- `u-Xn-Ihn-Pv-Rm-\-߃- P-\-a[y-Øn¬- F-Øn-°p-I-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 44- Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 45

F∂-X√ - - {]-Xyp-X- `u-Xn-I]m-WU v- n-Xy-hpw- hn-`h - t- i-jn-bpw- F√mw- against some of the worst hazards of space.
D-≠m-bn-´pw- [m¿-an-Ia - m-bn- A-[x-]X - n-®v- t]m-Ip-∂- a-\p-jy¿-°v- t\¿- Although everyone can immediatly appreciate the importance of
h-gn- Im-Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- Zu-Xyw- F-∂- air to breath it is more difficult to imagine the canopy of atmosphere
Imcyw- hn-ka v- c
- n-°m-sX-bm-IW - w- Jp¿-B\ - n-I- Zr-jSv- m-¥ß
- s
- f- hni- as an important roof of over people's heads. But at every moment the
I-e-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- atmosphere is sheilding us from lethal radiation from the Sun.
ap-gp-h≥- \-£-{X-߃-°pw- {K-l-߃-°pw- D-]-{K-l-߃-°pw- ""A-¥-co-£-Øn-\v- \n¿-Wm-b-I-am-b- c-≠v- [¿-a-߃- \n¿-h-ln-
tKm-fmIr-Xn- \¬-In-b- {]-]-©-\m-Y-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-s®-Sp-tØm-fw- °m-\p-≠v.- Po-hn-I-fp-sS- izm-tkm-Nv-Om-k-Øn-\m-bn- A-Xv- hm-bphn-
`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn- {]-tXy-Iw- F-Sp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠- H-cp- hnjb- s≥-d- H-cp- k-ap-{Zw- X-s∂- H-cp-°p-∂p.- A-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- _m-lym-Im-
a-√-t√m.- H-cp- J--tK-m-fim-kv-{X-Pv-R-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-f-hpw- i-Øn-se- N-n-e- sIm-Spw-Zp-c-¥-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- Im-Øp-c-£n-°p-∂- Hcp-
`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn- hn-kv-a-bm-h-l-am-b- H-cp- {]-Xn-`m-k-sam-∂p- I-h-N-am-bpw- A-Xv- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.-
a-√.- F-∂m¬- `q-an-bn¬- am-{Xw- {]-]-©-\m-Y≥- kw-hn-[m-\n-®- khn-
""iz-kn-°m-\p-≈- hm-bp-hn-s≥-d- {]m-[m-\yw- G-sXm-cmƒ°pw- s]
ti-j- ku-I-cy-߃- F-√m-h-cp-sS-bpw- N-n-¥-°v- hn-j-bo-`hn-t°-
s´-∂v- a-\-kn-em-Ip-sa-¶n-epw- P-\-ß-fp-sS- X-e-°v- ao-sX- \n-e-sIm-
≠-Xm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw- B- ku-I-cy-ß-fp-sS- A-`m-h-Øn¬-
≈p-∂- A-Xy-¥w- {]m-[m-\y-ap-≈- H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬-
A-km-[y-am-bn-cn-°pw.- A-X-p-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- A-h- H-cp-°n-Ø-∂-
A-¥-co-£ta-em-∏n-s\- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-øm≥- {]-bm-kw- tXm-∂n-tb-
{kjvS- m-hn-\v- a-\p-jy≥- F-{X- \-µn- tc-Js - ∏-Sp-Øn-bm-epw- a-Xn-bmIn-
°mw.- F-∂m¬- Hm-tcm- \n-an-j-Øn-epw- kq-cy-\n¬-\n-∂p-≈- am-c-I-
√.- Cu- cw-K-Øm-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- Du-∂¬- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.-
am-b- hn-In-cW
- ß
- ƒ-s°-Xn-sc- A-¥c - o-£w- \-ap-s°m-cp- I-hN- a
- mbn-
`q-an-bp-sS- k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ- h¿-Øn-°p-∂p''.- (Secrets of Space-Aldus Books London P.O.86)
`q-an-sb- a-‰v- {K-lß
- f
- n¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xy- k
- X
v- a
- m-°n- \n¿-Øp-∂- khn- `qan-sb-∂- sa-Ø-
ti-j-X-Iƒ- F-s¥m-s°-bm-Wv?-
""`q-an-sb- \n-߃-°v- sa-Ø-bm-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p''- (2:-22)- F∂-
""kw-c-£n-X-am-b- ta¬-∏p-c-''- (hn.-Jp.- 21:-33)- F-∂v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿ h-N-\-sØ-bpw- B-[p-\n-I-\n-K-a-\-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-®-Øn-em-Wv- hne-
B≥- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂- A-¥-co-£- ta-em-∏v- ap-tJ-\- `q-an-bn¬- bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.- am-c-I-am-b- c-iv-an-I-tf¬-°m-sX, D¬-°m-\n-]m-X-
Po-hn-Xw- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv- `q-an-bp-sS- au-en- sØ- `-b-s∏-Sm-sX,- H-cp- Hm-Iv-kn-P≥- kn-en-≠¿- Iq-sS-sIm-≠p-t]m-
I-am-b- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fn-sem-∂v.- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn-tem- N-{µ-\n-tem- Im-sX,- `m-ck- ¥- p-e\
- w- \n-e\
- n¿-Øn-s°m-≠v,- \n-b{- ¥n-Xa
- m-b- Dujv-
A-Øc-sam-cp- km-l-N-cy-an-√.- {]m-W-hm-bp-hn-s≥-d- A-`m-hw,- am-c- am-hn¬- a-e¿-∂p-In-S-∂v- H-∂v- hn-{i-an-°m-\p-≈- {]-Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-am-b-
I-am-b- hn-In-c-W-߃,- D¬-°-Iƒ- F-√mw- tN¿-∂v- a-‰v- {K-l-ß- sa-Ø- ku-c-bq-Y-Øn¬- `q-ap-J-Øv- am-{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.- `q-an- Po-hPm-
fn¬- Po-hn-Xw- A-km-[y-am-°p-tºmƒ- A-\n-X-c-am-b- A-¥-co-£-a- e-߃-°v- h-k-Xn-bm-bpw- hn-{i-a-kv-Y-e-am-bpw- kw-hn-[m-\n-°-s∏-
Wv-U-ew- _m-ly-{]-]-©-Øn¬-\n-∂v- h-cp-∂- hn-]-Øp-I-sf- XS ´-t∏mƒ- F-{X-am-{Xw- I-Wn-i-am-b- ]-cn-kv-Yn-Xn- \n-b-{¥-W-߃-
™p-\n¿-Øn- `q-an-sb- kw-c£ - n-°p-∂p-;- {]m-Wh - m-bp- ap-tJ-\- Poh≥- ]m-en-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-∂v- im-kv-{Xw- C-t∏m-gpw- hn-e-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-
\n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂p.- ≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.-
Secrets of Space F-∂- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- Anthony feldman ]-d-bp∂p:-
The atmosphere performs two vital roles, It provides an ocean of sh-≈w,- sh-≈w- k¿-∆-{X,- ]-t£........-
air that enables living creatures to breath and it also acts as a shield hm-bp-t]m-se- X-s∂- \-ap-°v- ]-cn-Nn-Xa
- m-Wv- sh-≈h
- pw.- F-∂m¬-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬
{]-]-©-Øn-se- A-Xp-ey-am-b- bu-Kn-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv- sh-≈w.- \Ωp-
sS- X-e-°v- ap-I-fn¬- a-g-bm-bn- sNm-cn-bp-∂,- P-em-i-b-ß-fn¬- kw`-
cn-°m-hp-∂- sh-≈w- C-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-¬- Cu- `q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- \ne-
\n¬-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- {Z-ha - m-bpw- J-ca
- m-bpw- hm-XI - a- m-bpw- amdn- Poh-
Pm-e-ß-fp-sS- hnhn-[- B-h-iy-߃- \n-d-th-‰p-∂- Im-em-h-kv-Y-sb-
B-sI- \n-b{- ¥n-°p-∂- kz-m`- m-hn-I- hm-Xm-\p-Iq-eØ - n-\v- k-lm-bn°p-
∂- Water Cycle A-Y-hm- P-e-N-{Iw- F-ß-s\- \n-b-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂p?-
C-∂pw- D-Ø-cw-In-´m-Ø- k-a-ky-bm-Wv- Im-em-h-kv-Y-bp-sS- K-Xn-hnK-
Xn-Iƒ.- "`q-an-sb- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- I-fn-sØm-´n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬'- (hn.-Jp.-
78:-6)- ap-Jy- ]-¶p-h-ln-°p-∂- H-cp- L-S-I-a-s{X- sh-≈w.- A-Xn-s\-∏
‰n- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-""A-√m-lp-hm-Wv- A-h-s≥-d- Im-cp
Wy-Øn-s≥-d- ap-t∂m-Sn-bm-bn- Im-‰p-I-sf- A-b-°p-∂-h≥.- H-Sp-hn¬-
P-e-`m-cw- Xn-ßp-∂- ta-L-sØ- A-h- h-ln-°p-tºmƒ- ar-X-{]m-bam-
b- H-cp- {]-tZ-i-tØ-°v- A-Xn-s\- \mw- \-bn-°p-I-bpw- A-ß-s\- A
Xp-aq-ew- \mw- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw- F-√m-Ø-cw- Im-bv-I-\n-Ifpw-
\mw- A-Xp-aq-ew- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- A-{]-Im-c-am-Wv-
a-cn-®h - s- c-bpw- \mw- ]p-dØ- p-sIm-≠p-hc - p-∂X- v.- \n-߃- kva
h-cm-sb-¶n¬''- (7:-57).-
Im-e-h¿-j-°m-‰v,- a-g,- \-Zn-Iƒ,- k-ap-{Z-߃- C-h-sb-√mw-sIm≠v-
A-\p-{K-lo-X-am-b- H-tc-sbm-cp- {K-lw- `q-an-bm-Wv.- _p-[-{K-l-Øn¬-
A-¥-co-£-ta- C-√.- ip-{I-\n¬- A-¥-co-£-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-Xv- Im¿
_¨,- kƒ-^¿- Hm-Iv-ssk-Up-I-fp-sS- H-cp- an-{in-Xw- am-{X-a-s{X.-
sNm-∆-bp-sS- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- P-emw-i-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-hn-sS-bpw-
P-e-N-{Iw- cq-]w-sIm-≠n-´n-√.- hym-g-Øn¬- ssl-t{Um-kƒ-ss^-Un-
s≥-d-bpw- A-tam-Wn-bw- {I-n-kv-‰-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw- ssl-{U-P-s≥-d-bpw-
Iq-sS- ln-a-I-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw- a-g-bpw- P-em-i-b-ß-fp-an-√.- ln-a
I-h-N-Øn¬- s]m-Xn-™p-In-S-°p-∂- bq-dm-\-kn-s≥-d-bpw- s\-]v-‰yq-
Wn-s≥-d-bpw- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- ao-sX-bv-\m-Wp-≈-Xv.-
Im-‰n-s\-bpw- a-g-sb-bpw- `q-K¿-`-P-e-sØ-bpw- ]-‰n- hy-Iv-X-am-b-
Im-gvN- ∏ - m-Sv- k-ao-]\q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-hs - c- im-kv{- X-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.-
Jp¿-Bs - ≥-d- A-hX - c
- W
- I- m-es- Ø- A-d_ - n-Iƒ-°v- im-k{v- X-Øn-s≥d-
_m-e-]m-T-߃- t]m-epw- A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- B- \n-e-°v- Cu-
Im-cy-ß-sf-∏-‰n- B-[p-\n-I- \n-K-a-\-ß-fp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-°p-∂- {]Xn-
46- Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 47
]m-Z-\-ß-f-m-Wv- Jp-¿-B-\-n-ep-≈-Xv- F-∂- Im-cyw- Jp¿-B-s≥-d- ssZ-
hn-I-X-°v- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂p.- Im-‰v,- Im¿-ta-Lw,- C-Sn-bpw- an∂-
epw-,- a-g,- `qK¿-`P-ew- C-h-sb- H-cp- Nm-{In-I{]-{In-b-bp-sS- `m-K-ßfm-
bn- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.-
`q-an-bn-se- {]-tXy-I- Xm-]-\n-e-bm-Wv- a-s‰m-cp- \n¿-Wm-b-I- LS-
Iw.- A-\y-{K-lß - f - n¬-\n-∂p-am-{X-a√ - ,- `q-an-bp-sS- D-]{- K-la - m-b- N{µ-
\n¬-\n-∂p-t]m-epw- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn- `q-an-bp-sS- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-\v-
k¥p-e-n-X-am-b- Du-jv-am-hv- \¬-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-¥-co-£-Øn-
se-bpw- `q-K¿`-Øn-se-bpw- k-hn-ti-j- km-l-N-cy-ß-fm-Wv- C-Xn\v-
k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xv.- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-I-tbm- Np-s´-cn-bp-I-tbm- sN-øm-
Ø- Du-jv-a-f-am-b- H-cp- sa-Ø-bs{X- Cu- A¿-Y-Øn¬- `q-X-ew.- cm-
{Xn-Im-e-ß-fn¬- N-t{µm-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se- Xm-]w- K-Wy-am-bn- Ip-d
bp-tºmƒ- `qan-bn¬- A-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-°p-∂n-√.- `q-K¿-`-Xm-]w- D-]-
cn-X-e-Øn-te-°v- t\-cn-b- tXm-Xn¬- kw-{I-an-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-\v-
Im-c-Ww.- ]-I¬- k-a-b-Øv- A-¥-co-£-]m-fn-Iƒ- k-q-cy-c-iv-an-I-sf-
A-cn-s®-Sp-Øv- ip-≤o-Ic - n-°p-Ib - pw- sa-cp-°n-sb-Sp-Øv- ]m-Is - ∏-SpØp-
- c
- n-°p∂-
I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
kq-cy-\p-am-bp-≈- A-Ie - Ø
- n¬- `q-an-bp-tS-Xn¬-\n-∂pw- h-fs - csbm-
∂pw- `n-∂-a-√m-Ø- kv-Ym-\-am-Wv- N-{µ-t≥-d-Xv.- ]-t£,- N-t{µm-]-cn-
X-ew- H-cn-°-epw- Po-h-Pm-e-߃-°v- sa-Ø-sbm-cp-°p-I-bn-s√-∂m-
Wv- F-√m- im-kv-{X\n-K-a-\-ß-fpw- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.- sh-≈an-
√m-Ø,- Im-¥h - e- b
- w- Zp¿-_e - a
- m-b- N-t{µm-]{- K-lw- Xm-]\ - n-eb - nepw-
`q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- h-f-sc- `n-∂-am-Wv.-
N-{µ-s≥-d- a-[y-tc-Jm-{]-tZ-i-Øv- \´p-®-k-a-b-sØ- Xm-]w- G-I
tZ-iw- 1340cbpw- A¿-≤c - m-{Xn-bn¬- 1530cbpw B-Ip-∂p.- A-sX- s]mcn-
bp-∂- D-®-bpw- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-∂- cm-{Xn-bpw.- ssSw- A-‰v-e-kv- tc-J
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
That the Earth and Moon are very different world is beyond doubt.
But how they evolved so differently is still a matter for conjecture
(Time Atlas 6th Edn. 1980)
""`q-an-bpw- N-{µ-\pw- h-f-sc- hn-`n-∂-am-b- tem-I-ß-fm-Ip-∂p- F∂-
h-kv-Xp-X- kw-i-bm-Xo-X-a-s{X.- ]-s£,- C-{X-bpw- hy-Xym-k-ap-≈-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 48- Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 49

Xm-bn- A-h- F-ßs- \- ]-cn-Wa

- n-®p- F-∂- hn-jb
- s
- Ø- ]-‰n- C-t∏mgpw-
Du-ln-°m-t\- I-gn-bq''.-
]¿-h-X-߃- `q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-Iƒ-
""\mw- `q-an-sb- sXm-´n-epw- ]¿-∆X
- ß
- s
- f- B-Wn-If - p-am-°n-bn-t√?''-
(hn.-Jp.- 78:-7)-
]p-cm-X-\- A-d-_n-Iƒ-t°m- a-‰v- P-\-hn-`m-K-߃-t°m- ]¿-h-X
߃- `q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂- [m-c-W- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-h
cp-sS- Ir-Xn-I-fn-sem-∂pw- ]¿-h-X-sØ-]-‰n- A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- ho-£
Ww- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- X-s∂- D-]-cyp-Iv-X- Jp¿-B≥-
kq-Iv-X-sØ- im-kv-{Xo-bm-S-n-kv-Ym-\-an-√m-Ø- H-cp- {]-kv-Xm-ham-bn-
]-e-cpw- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.-
F-∂m¬- `q-K¿-`-im-kv-{X- cw-K-sØ- B-[p-\n-I- K-th-j-W-߃-
sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv- ]¿-h-X-߃- `q-an-sb- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw-
GX¿-Y-Øn-epw- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂m-Wv.-
`q-K¿-`-im-kv-{X-Øn-se- H-cp- B-[n-Im-cn-I- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- tc-Js∏-
Sp-Øn-b-Xv- t\m-°p-I-:-
The failure of certain earth quake waves to pass beneath huge
granitic ranges and reduced attraction of gravity near such mountain
masses suggest that those mountains reach down to considerable
depths-having roots as it were, in the underlying basalt like an iceberg's
their submerged part is greater than their exposed parts. The granitic
zone under mountains may be as much as four times as thick as it is
under plains.
(Geolog Richard M. pearl 3rd Edn 1966 published by Barnes &
noble. Newyork)
""I-\-Ø- I-cn-ºm-d-I-fp-≈- ta-J-e-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-eq-sS- `q-I-º- Xcw-
K-߃-°v- I-S-∂p-t]m-Im≥- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xpw- A-Ø-cw- ]¿h-
X
- `
- m-Kß- ƒ-°S- p-Øv- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-jW
- w- Ip-db
- p-∂p-sh-∂X - pw- kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv- B- ]¿-h-X-߃- K-Wy-am-b- Af-hn¬- D-≈n-te-°v-
B≠p-In-S-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv- A-Y-hm- A-Sn-bn¬- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-
_-kmƒ-´n¬- sN-‰p-ap-´p-∂- th-cp-Iƒ- A-h-bv-°p-s≠-∂m-Wv.- H-cp-
sF-kv- _¿-Kn-s≥-d- (ln-am-\n-bp-sS) s]m-ßn-°m-Wp-∂- `m-K-tØ-
°mƒ- F-{X-tbm- h-ep-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- ap-ß-n-°n-S-°p-∂- `m-K-sa-∂-
t]m-se ]¿-h-X-߃-°v- Io-gn-ep-≈- I-cn-ºm-d- ta-J-e- k-a-X-e-߃
°v- Io-sg-bp-≈-Xn-s≥-d- \m-en-c-´n-tbm-fw- I-\-ap-≈-X-m-bn-cn-°pw''.-
`q-an-bp-sS- k-¥p-en-X-Xz-Øn¬- ]¿-h-X-߃-°p-≈- ]-¶m-Wv-
hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- ssZ-hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥-sa-∂- \n-e-bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-
Wn-°p-∂- a-s‰m-cp- Im-cyw.- C-∂pw- A-]-Iz-a-Xn-I-fm-b- hn-a¿-i-I-
∑m¿- X-≈n-∏-d-bm-dp-≈- Cu- ssZ-hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥-sØ- km-£y-s∏-
Sp-Xp-∂- hn-[-Øn-em-Wv- B-[p-\n-I- K-th-j-W-߃- \o-ßp-∂-Xv.-
""`q-an-bn¬- \mw- D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂- ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p
∂p-.- `q-an- A-h-sc-bpw sIm-≠v- \o-ßn-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥''- (hn.-Jp.-
21:-31).-
a-‰v- A-t\-Iw- h-m-Iy-ß-fn-epw- ]¿-h-X-߃- \¬-Ip-∂- kp-kv-Yn
c-X- Jp¿-B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v.-
`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-sf-bpw- `q-`m-K-{`w-i-ß-sf-bpw- `q-K¿-`-N-e-\-ß-
sf-bpw- ]-‰n-bp-≈- B-[p-\n-I]-T-\-߃- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d-
A-h-X-c-W-Im-e-Øv- tem-I-Øn-\v- A-Pv-Rm-X-am-bn-cp-∂- [m-cm-fw-
h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ- sh-fn-®-Øv- sIm-≠p-h-∂n-´p-≠v.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw-
]¿-h-X-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp-≈- Jp¿-B-\n-I- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fp-sS- k-Xy-X-
bnte-°v- hn-c¬- Nq-≠p-∂-X-s{X.-
`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-fp-sS- th-K-X-sb- \n-b-{¥n-®p-sIm-≠pw,- `q-tKm-
f-Øn-s≥-d- B-¥-cn-I-hpw- _m-ly-hp-am-b- L-S-\- ]-cn-c-£n-°p-∂-
Xn¬- ]¿-h-X-߃- h-ln-°p-∂- ]-¶v- `q-K¿-`-im-kv-{Xw- B-[p-\n-I-
km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bp-sS- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- C-∂v- kq-£v-a-am-bn- hne-
bn-cp-Øns°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv.- Zn-hy-Z¿-i\
- Ø
- n-s≥-d- A-`m-hØ
- n¬-
1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- Cu- hn-j-bw- ]-cm-a¿-in-°m≥-
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
`q-tKm-fw- Jp¿-B-\n¬-
K-eo-en-tbm- K-eo-en-bm-Wv- `q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-sW-∂v- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®-
B-Zyhy-Iv-Xn-sb-∂pw- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ap-ºv- F-√m-h-cpw- [-cn-®n-cp∂-
Xv- `q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw- ]-e-cpw- H-gp-°≥-a-´n¬-
]-d-bm-dp-≠v.- Jp¿-B-\n¬- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-
sX-∂pw- ap-kv-enw-I-sfm-s°- `q-an- ]-c∂-Xm-sW-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- [-cn-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 50-
®n-cp-∂-sX-∂pw- C-kv-emw- hn-cp-≤¿- ]-d-™p-\-S-°m-dp-≠v.- C-°q´¿-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-s\-∏-‰n-bpw- ap-kv-enw- N-cn-{X-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw- A-Pv-R-
cm-sW-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- s]m-Xp-hn-Pv-Rm-\-Øn¬-t]m-epw- ]-cn-Xm-]-Ic-
amw-hn-[w- ]n-t∂m-°-am-sW-∂m-Wv- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.-
k-l-{km-_v-Z-߃-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- Cu-Pn-]v-‰p-Im-cpw- tdm-am-°m
cpw- a-‰pw- 3651/4 Zn-h-k-ap-≈- ku-c-h¿-jw- K-Wn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- Ncn-
{X-Øn-s≥-d- _m-e-]m-T-sa-¶n-epw- ]-Tn-®-h¿-s°m-s°- A-dn-bmw.-
Ipsd- {]m-h-iyw- ss\¬- \-Zn-bn¬- ]-c-am-h-[n- sh-≈w- I-bd-- p-∂- Zn
h-k-߃- \n-co-£n-®n-´v- A-Ø-cw- c-≠v- Zn-h-k-߃- X-Ωn-ep-≈-
A-I-ew- I-W-°m-°n- A-Xn-s≥-d- i-cm-i-cn- K-Wn-®n-´m-Wv- 3651/4
F-∂- D-Ø-cw- In-´n-b-sX-∂v- `u-Xn-I-hm-Zn-bm-b- H-cp- \-c-hw-i- imkv-
{X-PvR
- ≥- tc-Js - ∏-Sp-Øn-°≠- p.- Pq-en-b≥- I-e≠
- ¿- cq-]w-sIm-≠Xv-
F-hn-sS- sh-≈w- I-b-dn-b-Xn-s≥-d- I-W-°p-t\m-°n-bn-´m-sW-∂v- B-
cpw- F-hn-sS-bpw- F-gp-Xn-°-≠n-√.- `q-an- kq-cy-\v- Np-‰pw- H-cp- {]Z£n-
Ww- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°m-s\-Sp-°p-∂- k-a-b-Øn-\v- Xp-ey-am-b- H-cp-h¿-
jw- I-Wn-i-am-bn- K-Wn-®-h¿- ]m-b- t]m-se-tbm- ]-∏-Sw- t]m-se-
tbm- D-≈- `q-an-sb- a-\-kn¬- I≠p-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-ß-s\- sN-bv-X-
sX-∂v- hm-Zn-°m≥- \n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ-°v- km-[y-a-√.- K-eo-en-tbm-
]n-d-°p-∂-Xn-\v- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- ap-kv-enwim-kv-{X-
PvR-∑m-cpw- a-X-]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cpw- `q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n-
tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.-
Any how, the fact of the earth being a sphere of very small dimen-
sions in comparison to the size of the universe was accepted without
a position by every Arabian Scholar, and the very first scientific work
undertaken after the vise of Astronomy among them was a determi-
nation of the size of the earth. It was carried out by order of Khalif
Al-Mamoon in the plane Palmyra according to the account given by
Ibn Junus that the length of a degree was measured by two observers
between Wamia and Tadmoor and by two others in another locality
we are not tole where. The first measure given a degree equal to 57,
and second one equal to 56.25 Arabian milesof 4000 black cubits,
and the approximate mean 3652/3 -miles was adopted as the final re-
search. The cricumference of the earth being 20400 miles and the
diameter 6500 miles.
Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 51
(A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler by Ile Dreyar.
2nd Edn.Dover Publication, New york)
""{]-]-©-hp-am-bn- Xp-e-\w- sN-øp-tºmƒ- h-f-sc- sN-dn-b- ]-cn-am
Ww-- am-{X-ap-≈- H-cp- tKm-f-am-Wv- `q-an-sb-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- G-tXm- hn[-
Øn¬- A-td-_y≥- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°n-S-bn¬- A-\n-tj-[y-am-b-
kzoIm-cy-X- t\-Sn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.- A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- tPym-Xn-im-kv-
{X-Øn-s≥-d- D-Z-vK-Xn-sb-Xp-S¿-∂v- BZy-am-bn- \-S-Ø-s∏-´- im-kv-{Xo-
b- kw-cw-`w- `-q-an-bp-sS- h-en-∏w- \n¿-W-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ]m¬an-
dm- k-a-X-e-Øn¬- J-eo-^m- am-aq-p-s≥-d- D-Ø-c-hv- {]-Im-c-am-Wv- AXv-
\-S∂ - X - v.- C-_v\
- p-bq-\p-kv- \¬-In-bn-´p-≈- hn-hc- ß
- f
- \- p-kc
- n-®v- A∂v-
\m-ev- \n-co-£-I-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- H-cp- Un-{Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Lyw- A-f°p-
I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- c-≠p-t]¿- hm-an-bv-°pw- X-Zv-aq-dn-\pw- C-S-°pw,-
a-‰v- c-≠p-t]¿- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-´n-√m-Ø- a-s‰m-cp- ta-J-e-bn-ep-
am-Wv- A-f-hp-I-sf-Sp-Ø-Xv.- B-Zyw- In-´n-b- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- H-cp-
Un-{Kn- 57 A-td-_y≥- \m-gn-I-°v- Xp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p.- c-≠m-a-Xv- In-´n
b- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- 56.-25\m-gn-I-bpw.- 4000ap-g-a-s{X- H-cp- A-td-_y≥-
\m-gn-I.- A-¥n-a- hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬- c-≠v- A-f-hp-I-fp-sS-bpw- Iq-Sn-
G-ItZ-i- i-cm-i-cn- 3651/3 \m-gn-I- H-cp- Un-{Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Ly-am-
bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- A-ß-s\- `q-an-bp-sS- Np-‰-f-hv- 20400 \mgn-
I-bm-bpw- hym-kw- 6500 \m-gn-I-bm-bpw- K-Wn-°-s∏-´p''- (tPym-Xn-
im-kv-{X- N-cn-{Xw- sX-bv¬-kv- ap-X¬- sI-π¿- h-sc).-
`q-an-sb- H-cp- tKm-f-am-bn- I-≠-p-sIm-≠v- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- {]-`m-h
Im-e-Øv- (tIm-∏¿- \n-°-kpw- K-eo-en-tbm-bpw- P-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- \q‰m-
≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv) \-S-Ø-s∏-´- \n-co-£-W- K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sS- sNdn-
sbm-cw-iw- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu- D-≤-c-Wn-bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-´Xv.-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X-bn¬- ]q¿-W-am-bn- hn-izm-k-
a¿-∏n-®n-cp-∂-h¿- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- K-th-j-W-ß-fn-te¿-s∏-
´n-cp-∂-Xv.- `q-an- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-b-m-bn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- Jp¿-B-\v- hn-cp-
≤-am-sW-∂v- A-h-tcm- A-h-cp-sS- k-a-Im-en-I-cm-b- ap-kv-enw- ]-WvUn-
X-∑m-tcm- \n-cq-]n-°p-I-t]m-epw- sN-bv-Xn-´n-√.-
X-s∂-bp-a-√- kq-cy-N-{µ-∑m-sc-bpw- cm-∏-I-ep-I-sf-bpw- ]-‰n- {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°p-∂- k-µ¿-`-ß-fn¬- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥-- kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-
ssien- hy-IvX - a- m-bpw- tKmfm-Ir-Xn-sb- Ip-dn-°p-∂X - m-sW-∂- Imcy-
 Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬
Øn¬- ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-se- {]-ap-J- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°v- X¿-
°- a n- s √- ∂ v - am- k - ∏ n- d - h n- s b- ∏ - ‰ n- b p- ≈ - H- c p- e- L p- I r- X n- b n¬-
ssiJp¬- C-kv-emw- C-_v-\p-ssX-an-ø- kv-]-jv-S-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- {]ap-
J- Jp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-Xm-hm-b- C-amw- dm-kn-bpw- C-°m-cyw- A-k∂n-
Kv-≤-am-bn- Xp-d-∂v- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.- C-_v-\p-ssX-an-b-bpw- C-amw- dmkn-
bpw- \-thm-∞m-\-Im-e-Øn-\v- F-{X-tbm- ap-ºv- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-PvRm-
\o-bß - f - p-sS- sh-fn-®Ø - n¬- Im-cy-߃- t\m-°n-°≠
c-s{X.-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- A-am-\p-jn-I-X-°p-≈- Hm-tcm- sX-fnhpw-
A-]-{K-Yn-®v- Cu- e-Lp-Ir-Xn- h-en-®p-\o-´m-\p-t±-in-°p-∂n-√.-
a-\p-jy-sc-∏-‰n-bpw- {]-]-©-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- ]-X-\-
Øn\pw- D¬-I¿-j-Øn-\pw- \n-Zm-\-am-b- au-en-I- h-kv-Xp-X-I-sf-∏-
‰n-bpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂- B-i-b-߃- tI-hew-
H-cp- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- Nn-¥I - f - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h- H-cn-°e
k-Xy-ß-fm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Im-e-tZ-i-ß-fp-sS- A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-Iƒ-
°-∏p-d-tØ-°v- A-h- \o-≠p-\n¬-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X-
kp-X-cmw- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂-X-s{X- ap-I-fn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-´- sXfn-
hp-Iƒ.-
52- Jp¿B≥ Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apºn¬ 51
.....-ti-jw
- - ]-WU v- n-X∑m-
h-m-b-\-°m-tcm-Sv,-
a-\p-jy≥- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂v- \n¿-_-\v-[-an-√.- ]t£,-
k-Xyw- F-¥m-sW-∂v- I-≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\p-≈- Xm¬-]-cy-an-√m-bv-a- a\p-
jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-\p--X-s∂- A-]-am-\-am-Wv.- A-Xn-s\- \n-tj-[n-°m≥-
- pw- \nXy- im-iz-X- \-c-I-Øn-se-Øp-∂- ]m-X-I-am-Wv.-
ssZhw- a-\p-jy-\v- hn-th-Nn-°m-\p-≈- I-gn-hv- \¬-In-b-Xn-\m¬-
a-\p-jy≥- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-bn- hn-th-Nn-°p-sa-∂v- {]-Xo-£n-°p-∂p-
sh-∂m-Wv- C-kve - mw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - v.- Nn-¥n-°p-I,- tNm-Zyw- sN-øpI,-
ho-≠pw- Nn-¥n-°p-I.-
C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- H-cp- A-[ym-]-\w- h-f-sc- [r-Xn-bn¬-
kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥- B-cpw- Xm-¶-sf- \n¿-_-\v-[n-°p-I-bn-√.- Ckv-emw-
a-\p-jy-\v- kz-ta-[b
- m- Nn-¥n-®v- sX-cs- ™-Sp-°p-hm-\p-≈k - z- m-X{- ¥yw-
A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p.- C-kv-em-an-s\- ]-‰n- Xm-¶-fp-sS- A-dn-hv- k-a-{K-am
tWm- F-∂v- kz-bw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I.- D-≈- A-dn-hv- A-ap-kv-enw-
aqe-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- e-`n-®-Xm-tWm- F-∂pw.- A-Ø-cw- aqe-߃- Hcp-
]-s£,- C-kv-em-an-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®- `m-Kn-IZr-iy-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- cq]-
s∏-´-Xpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hpw- {I-a-hp-am-b- ]-cn-tim-[-\-°v- hn-t[-bam-
°m-Ø-h-bpw- BIm-\n-S-bp-≈-h-bm-tWm- F-∂pw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°pI.-
H-cp- ]-Yym-lm-cw- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-t\m-°m-Øh - c
- n¬-\n-∂p-≈- tI´p-
tIƒ-hn-bp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- kzm-Zn-jv-S-am-tWm- F-∂v- Xo-cpam-
\n-°p-∂-Xv- \ym-b-bp-Iv-X-am-tWm?- A-√-t√-m.- A-Xp-t]m-se- C-kvem-
an-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- Xm-¶ƒ- H-cp- A-`n-{]m-bw- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv-
hn-iz-kv-X-am-b- aq-e-ß-fn¬- \n-∂m-bn-cn-°-Ww.- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-t\m-
 -

°p-I- am-{X-a-√- A-Xv- Z-ln-°p-I-bpw- th-Ww,- Xm-¶ƒ- H-cp- A-`n{]m-

bw- cq-]s
- ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n-\v- ap-ºv.- A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- C-kve
- m-an-t\
- m-Sp≈-
_p-≤n-am-s≥-d- k-ao-]-\w.-
Xm-¶ƒ-X-s∂- A-Sp-Ø-]-Sn- sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-I.- sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-
hm-\p-≈- Xm-¶-fp-sS- kzm-X-{¥y-hpw,- ssZ-hw- \¬-In-b- Xm-¶-fp-sS-
Nn-¥m-iI - X
v- n-bpw- tN-X\- b
- pw- D-]t- bm-Kn-°p-hm-\p-≈ kzm-X{- ¥yhpw-
B-Z-cn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v- C-kv-emw- \n-c-¥-cw- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- D-d-∏v- X-cp-∂p-
sh-∂-Xv- Xm-¶-sf- k-lm-bn-°pw.- F-√m-a-\p-jy¿-°pw- Cu- kzm-X-
{¥y-hm-Rv-O-bp-≠v.- a-s‰m-cmƒ-°pw- A-Xv- Xm-¶-fn¬-\n-∂v- F-Sp-Øp-
I-f-bm≥- A-[n-Im-c-an-√.- k-Xy-Øn-te-°p-≈- Xm-¶-fp-sS- _p-≤n-]-
c-am-b- bm-{X- kp-J-{]-Z-am-°-s´- F-∂pw- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- tem-I-{k-jvSm-
hv- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°m-\p-≈- sI¬-∏v- \¬-I-s´- F-∂pw- R-߃-
B-iw-kn-°p-∂p.-
Xm-¶ƒ-°v- C-kv-em-an-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-S-am-bn- ]Tn-
°-W-sa-∂v- B-{K-l-ap-s≠-¶n¬- \n-®v- Hm-^v- {Sq-Øn-s\- k-ao-
]n°pI.-

Director
NICHE OF TRUTH
Kalabhavan Road,Cochin-682 018,
Kerala, India, Ph: 367820
Email:islam@nicheoftruth.org
http:/www.nicheoftruth.org