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Buccellati, G. Cities and Nations of Ancient Syria PDF
Buccellati, G. Cities and Nations of Ancient Syria PDF
26
BY
GIORGIO B U C C E L L A T I
1967
ISTITUTO DI STUDI DEL VICINO ORIENTE
UNIVERSITA DI ROMA
PREFACE
G. B.
Loyola University
Chicago, Illinois
October 27, 1964
tional state " is often taken for granted, even though a precise
definition of these entities in political terms is certainly not
self-evident. In fact, it can be said that t h e entire field
of political institutions has been somewhat neglected in t h e
study of t h e ancient Near East. T h e sources have naturally
led most scholars t o concentrate o n t h e aspects of literature
a n d religion. B u t i t should be added t h a t t h e documentation
is not so limited as to m a k e i t impossible to identify a n d
') A. ALT was expected to write such a history for the Handbuch
der Altertumswissenschrrft of Munich, but this has been made
impossible by his death. Nothing else of the kind is available
at the moment, except for occasional remarks in general histories
of Ancient Syria, for which see especially ED. MEYER,Geschichte
des Altertums, vol. I1 112, Stuttgart 1928-312 (reprinted 1953); A. T.
OLMSTEAD, History of Palestine arid Syriu to the Macedoniun Con-
quest, New York 1931; A. ALT, Vijlker und Staaten Syrien im friihen
Altertum (1936), in KS 111: pp. 20-48; ID., Der Rhytmus der Ge-
schichte Syriens and Paliisftnus (1944), in KS 111, pp. 1-19; P.
K. HITTI, op. cit.; W. F. ALBRIGHT, Syrien, Phonizien und Paliistinu
vom Beginn der SessTraftigkeit zur Eroberung durch die Achiime-
niden, in F. VALJAVEC (ed.), Historia Mundi, vol. 11, Bern 1953,
pp. 331-367 and 629-630; S. MOSCATI,Siria antica, in G. T u c c ~
(ed.), Le Civilt; dell'Oriente, vol. I: Storirr, Roma 1956, pp. 59-91;
A. JIRKU, Die Welt der Bibel: fiinf Jahrtausende in Paliistinu-
Syrien, Stuttgart 1957; S. MOSCATI,Le antiche civilt; semitiche,
Bari 19582, pp. 107-233; A. JIRKU,Geschichte Paliistinu-Syriens im
orientalischen Altertum, Aalen 1963; M. LIVERANI,Introduzione
alla storia del17Asiu Anteriore antica, Roma 1963; J. GRAY,The
Carmnites, New York 1964. A general history of the ancient Near
East which gives special attention to institutions is A. MORETand
G. DAVY,Des clans aux empires: l'organisation sociule chez les pri-
mitifs et dam 1'Orient ancien, Paris 1923.
INTRODUCTION
sense, has been in use only since the Renaissance. This limited
range of meaning for the term " state " is an advantage in
certain contexts, when the emphasis of discussion is placed
on modern political units, as contrasted, for example, with
the medieval empires or the Greek polis. It does not follow,
however, that a wider range of meaning for the same term
is impossible: if nothing else, there are basic analogies be-
tween ancient and modem political units such as the organi-
zation of defense in the face of external dangers or the pre-
which may be used for the Syrian city-state in the same way
that polis refers to the Greek city-state. The term used in
Syria to refer to a city did not have any specifically political
meaning. There was a term for the larger urban centers,
but the same term was also used for villages and temporary
settlements, and, in any case, could not be properly translated
tt
as city-state ". The lack of an ancient term for city-
tt
state ", however, does not imply that the term city-state "
tt