Coordinates: 43°6′N 79°1′W

Niagara Falls, New York

Niagara Falls is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of
the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 50,193, down from the Niagara Falls
55,593 recorded in the 2000 census. It is adjacent to the Niagara River, City
across from the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and named after the famed
Niagara Falls which they share. The city is within the Buffalo–Niagara City of Niagara Falls
Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Western New York region.

While the city was formerly occupied by Native Americans, Europeans

who migrated to the Niagara Falls in the mid-17th century began to open
businesses and develop infrastructure. Later in the 18th and 19th centuries,
scientists and businessmen began harnessing the power of the Niagara
River for electricity and the city began to attract manufacturers and other
businesses drawn by the promise of inexpensive hydroelectric power. After
The city of Niagara Falls. In the
the 1960s, however, the city and region witnessed an economic decline,
foreground are the waterfalls known as
following an attempt at urban renewal under then Mayor Lackey. the American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls,
Consistent with the rest of the Rust Belt as industries left the city, old line respectively, from left to right.
affluent families relocated to nearby suburbs and out of town.
Nickname(s): Niagara Falls, USA,
Despite the decline in heavy industry, Niagara Falls State Park and the Honeymoon Capital of the World
downtown area closest to the falls continue to thrive as a result of tourism.
The population, however, has continued to decline from a peak of 102,394
in the 1960s due to the loss of manufacturing jobs in the area.

Contents
History
Geography
Climate
Neighborhoods
Demographics
Crime Location in Niagara County and the
Economy state of New York.
Coordinates: 43°6′N 79°1′W
Tourism
Sports Country United States
State New York
Government County Niagara
Education Government
Media • Type Strong mayor-
council
Infrastructure
• Mayor Robert Restaino
Notable people (D)
See also • City Anthony
Administrator Restaino
References • City Council Members' List
Further reading Area[1]
External links • City 16.83 sq mi
(43.58 km2)
• Land 14.09 sq mi
 (36.48 km2)
History • Water 2.74 sq mi
(7.10 km2)
Before Europeans entered the area, it was dominated by the Neutral Nation 16.37%
of Native Americans. European migration into the area began in the 17th • Urban 366.7 sq mi
century. The first recorded European to visit the area was Frenchman (949.7 km2)
Robert de la Salle, who built Fort Conti at the mouth of the Niagara River Elevation 614 ft (187 m)
early in 1679, with permission from the Iriquois, as a base for boat-
building; his ship Le Griffon was built on the upper Niagara River at or Population (2010)[2]
near Cayuga Creek in the same year.[4] He was accompanied by Belgian • City 50,193
priest Louis Hennepin, who was the first known European to see the falls. • Estimate (2018)[3] 48,144
The influx of newcomers may have been a catalyst for already hostile • Density 3,452.51/sq mi
native tribes to turn to open warfare in competition for the fur trade. (1,333.02/km2)
• Urban 935,906 (US:
The City of Niagara Falls was incorporated on March 17, 1892 from the 46th)
villages of Manchester and Suspension Bridge, which were parts of the • Urban density 2,663.5/sq mi
Town of Niagara. Thomas Vincent Welch, a member of the charter (1,028.37/km2)
committee and a New York state assemblyman and a second-generation • Metro 1,134,155 (US:
Irish American, persuaded Governor Roswell P. Flower to sign the bill on 50th)
St. Patrick's Day. George W. Wright was elected the first mayor of Niagara Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern
Falls.[5] (EST))
• Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
By the end of the 19th century, the city was a heavy industrial area, due in ZIP codes 14301-14305
part to the power potential offered by the Niagara River. Tourism was Area code(s) 716
considered a secondary niche, while manufacturing of petrochemicals,
abrasives, metallurgical products and other materials was the main FIPS code 36-51055
producer of jobs and attracted a large number of workers, many of whom GNIS feature ID 0970406
were immigrants. Demonym Niagarian,
Niagara Fallsite
In 1927, the city annexed the Website Official website
village of La Salle, named for (http://www.niag
Robert de la Salle, from the Town arafallsusa.org/)
of Niagara.

Industry and tourism grew steadily throughout the first half of the 20th century
due to a high demand for industrial products and the increased mobility of
The Niagara Falls mill district
people to travel. Paper, rubber, plastics, petrochemicals, carbon insulators and
downriver from the American Falls,
1900.
abrasives were among the city's major industries. This prosperity would end by
the late 1960s as aging industrial plants moved to less expensive locations. In
addition, the falls were incompatible with modern shipping technology.

In 1956, the Schoellkopf Power Plant on the lower river just downstream of the American Falls was critically damaged
due to a massive collapse of the Niagara Gorge wall above it. This prompted the planning and construction of one of
the largest hydroelectric plants to be built in North America at the time, causing a large influx of workers and families
to move to the area. New York City urban planner Robert Moses built the new power plant in nearby Lewiston, New
York. Much of the power generated there fuels growing demands for power in downstate New York and New York
City.

The neighborhood of Love Canal gained national media attention in 1978 when toxic contamination from a chemical
waste landfill beneath it forced United States President Jimmy Carter to declare a state of emergency, the first such
presidential declaration made for a non-natural disaster. Hundreds of residents were evacuated from the area, many of
whom were ill because of exposure to chemical waste.[6]

After the Love Canal disaster, the city witnessed a reversal of fortunes, as the costs of producing materials elsewhere
became lower than in Niagara Falls. Several factories closed, the population dropped by half, and workers fled the city
in search of jobs elsewhere. Much like the nearby city of Buffalo, the city's economy plummeted downward when a
failed urban renewal project took place resulting in the destruction of Falls Street and the tourist district.
 In 2001, the leadership of Laborers Local 91 was found guilty of extortion, racketeering
and other crimes following an exposé by Mike Hudson of the Niagara Falls Reporter.
Union boss Michael "Butch" Quarcini died before trial, while the rest of the union
leadership was sentenced to prison.

In early 2010, former Niagara Falls Mayor Vincent Anello was indicted on federal charges
of corruption, alleging the mayor accepted $40,000 in loans from a businessman who was
later awarded a no-bid lease on city property. The charges were dropped as part of a plea
deal after Anello plead guilty to unrelated charges of pension fraud, regarding a pension
from the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, of which he is a member. He
was sentenced to 10 to 16 months in prison.[7]

The contaminated The city's decline was given national exposure by Bloomberg Businessweek in 2010.[8]
neighborhood of Love
Canal received national On November 30, 2010, the New York State Attorney General entered into an agreement
attention in 1978. with the city and its police department to create new policies to govern police practices in
response to claims of excessive force and police misconduct. The city will create policies
and procedures to prevent and respond to allegations of excessive force, and to ensure
police are properly trained and complaints are properly investigated. Prior claims filed by residents will be evaluated by
an independent panel.[9]

The city has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places.[10] It also has three national historic
districts, including Chilton Avenue-Orchard Parkway Historic District, Deveaux School Historic District and the Park
Place Historic District.

Geography
Niagara Falls is at the international boundary between the United States of America and Canada. The city is within the
Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area and is approximately 16 miles (26 km) from Buffalo, New York.[11]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 16.8 square miles (44 km2), of that, 14.1 square
miles (37 km2) of it is land and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) of it (16.37%) is water.[12] The city is built along the
Niagara Falls and the Niagara Gorge, which is next to the Niagara River.

Climate

Niagara Falls experiences cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Precipitation is moderate and consistent in all
seasons, falling equally or more as snow during the winter. The city has snowier than average winters compared to
most cities in the US, however less than many other cities in Upstate New York including nearby Buffalo and
Rochester. Thaw cycles with temperatures above 0 °C (32 °F) are a common occurrence.[13] The hottest and coldest
temperatures recorded in the decade through 2015 were 97 °F (36 °C) in 2005 and -13 °F (-25 °C) in 2003,
respectively.[13] 38% of warm season precipitation falls in the form of a thunderstorm.[14]
 Climate data for (Niagara Falls International Airport), New York 1981–2010, extremes 1951–present

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high 65 61 81 85 91 95 97 95 96 85 79 66 97
°F (°C) (18) (16) (27) (29) (33) (35) (36) (35) (36) (29) (26) (19) (36)

Average 32.1 34.1 42.5 55.7 67.7 76.5 81.1 79.4 72.1 60.2 48.2 36.8 57.3
high °F (°C) (0.1) (1.2) (5.8) (13.2) (19.8) (24.7) (27.3) (26.3) (22.3) (15.7) (9.0) (2.7) (14.1)

Daily mean 23.8 25.4 33.2 45.2 56.4 66.1 70.9 69.1 61.6 50.2 39.8 29.3 47.7
°F (°C) (−4.6) (−3.7) (0.7) (7.3) (13.6) (18.9) (21.6) (20.6) (16.4) (10.1) (4.3) (−1.5) (8.7)

Average low 15.4 16.7 23.9 34.6 45.2 55.6 60.8 58.9 51.0 40.2 31.3 21.8 38.1
°F (°C) (−9.2) (−8.5) (−4.5) (1.4) (7.3) (13.1) (16.0) (14.9) (10.6) (4.6) (−0.4) (−5.7) (3.4)

Record low −16 −13 −8 12 28 37 46 45 30 23 −2 −4 −16

°F (°C) (−27) (−25) (−22) (−11) (−2) (3) (8) (7) (−1) (−5) (−19) (−20) (−27)

Average
2.56 2.19 2.41 2.69 3.07 2.93 3.24 3.02 3.35 2.88 3.40 3.23 34.97
precipitation
(65) (56) (61) (68) (78) (74) (82) (77) (85) (73) (86) (82) (888)
inches (mm)

Average
23.6 15.2 12.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.5 18.2 76.1
snowfall
(60) (39) (33) (6.4) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.51) (8.9) (46) (193)
inches (cm)

Average
precipitation
19.2 14.4 13.7 12.8 12.8 11.2 10.8 9.8 10.7 12.2 14.0 17.1 158.7
days
(≥ 0.01 in)

Average
snowy days 15.0 11.7 7.7 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.9 11.9 52.8
(≥ 0.1 in)

Mean
monthly
93.0 113.0 155.0 180.0 248.0 270.0 279.0 248.0 180.0 155.0 90.0 62.0 2,073
sunshine
hours

Percent
possible 33 36 42 46 53 60 60 57 50 45 30 22 45
sunshine

Average
ultraviolet 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 7 6 3 2 1 5
index

Source #1: NOAA[13][15]

Source #2: Weather Atlas [16]

Neighborhoods
Buffalo Avenue - runs along the south end along the Niagara River once home to a vast number of old
families with architecturally significant mansions; further east surrounded by a number of industrial sites.
Central District[17]
Deveaux - Located in the northwestern corner (west of the North End) along the Niagara River is
residential area built in the 1920s to 1940s. Named for Judge Samuel DeVeaux who left his estate to be
established as the Deveaux College for Orphans and Destitute Children in 1853 (closed 1971), now the
site of DeVeaux Woods State Park[18] and DeVeaux School Historical District.
Downtown - Area around the Falls and home to hotels including Seneca Niagara Resort Casino, Niagara
Falls State Park, Niagara Falls Culinary Institute (formerly Rainbow Outlet Mall)
East Side - the area bounded by the scenic parkway on the west, Niagara Street on the south, Ontario
Avenue on the North and Main Street (NY Rt 104)on the east.[19]
Hyde Park - Located near the namesake Hyde Park next to Little Italy as well as home to Hyde Park
Municipal Golf Course.[20]
 LaSalle - An affluent area bounded by 80th Street, Niagara Falls Boulevard, Cayuga Drive and Lasalle
Expressway was built up in the 1940s to 1960s. The actual neighborhood where the Love Canal was to
be built.[21]
Little Italy - home to a once predominately Italian community that runs along Pine Avenue from Main
Street to Hyde Park Boulevard
Love Canal - Established in the 1950s on land acquired from Hooker Chemical Company. Most of the
neighborhood was evacuated in the 1980s after toxic waste was discovered underground. Resettlement
began in 1990.[22]
Niagara Street - residential area east of Downtown along Niagara Street (distinct from Niagara Ave.)
once home to a predominately German and Polish community.
North End - runs along Highland Avenue in the north end of the city

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 50,193 people, 22,603 households, and Historical population
12,495 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,987.7 people Census Pop. %±
per square mile (1,153.5 per square km). There were 26,220 housing units at an
1870 3,006 —
average density of 1,560.7 per square mile (622.6/km²). The racial makeup of the
city was 70.5% White, 21.6% African American, 1.9% Native American, 1.2% 1880 3,320 10.4%
Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more 1890 5,502 65.7%
races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population. 1900 19,457 253.6%
1910 30,445 56.5%
There were 22,603 households out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 1920 50,760 66.7%
18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a 1930 74,460 46.7%
female householder with no husband present, and 44.7% were non-families.
1940 78,020 4.8%
38.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone
1950 90,872 16.5%
living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was
2.20 and the average family size was 4.02. 1960 102,394 12.7%
1970 85,615 −16.4%
In the city, 22% of the population was 1980 71,384 −16.6%
under the age of 18, 10.1% aged from 18 1990 61,840 −13.4%
to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 2000 55,593 −10.1%
45 to 64, and 15.5% were 65 years of age 2010 50,193 −9.7%
or older. The median age was 39 years.
Est. 2018 48,144 [3] −4.1%
For every 100 females, there were 91.2
U.S. Decennial Census[23]
males. For every 100 females age 18 and
2018 Estimate[24]
over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,800, and the median
St. Peter's Episcopal Church
income for a family was $34,377. Males had a median income of $31,672
versus $22,124 for females. 23% of the population was below the poverty line.

Niagara Falls has a number of places of worship, including the Salvation Army, First Assembly of God Church, First
Unitarian Universalist Church of Niagara, St. Peter's Episcopal Church, First Presbyterian Church, St. Theresa Roman
Catholic Church in Devaux, Reform Jewish Temple Beth El and the Conservative Jewish Temple Beth Israel.

Crime
Niagara Falls has struggled with high rates of violent and property crime; FBI crime data indicate that the city has
among the highest crime rates in New York state.[25][26] In response to gun violence, volunteer groups such as
Operation SNUG mobilized to promote positive community involvement in the troubled areas of the city.[27]

Economy
Niagara Falls' main industry is tourism, driven primarily by the waterfalls.[28]
 A 2012 profile from the Office of the New York State Comptroller reported
that Niagara Falls has "struggled through decades of population losses, rising
crime and repeated attempts to reinvent itself from a manufacturing town with
some tourism to a major tourist destination."[29] The city become a
"boomtown" with the opening of the New York State Power Authority's
hydroelectric Niagara Power Plant in the 1960s;[28] the cheap electricity
produced by the plant generated power for a burgeoning manufacturing
industry.[29] Along with the rest of the Western New York, Niagara Falls
suffered a significant economic decline from a decline in industry by the
Abandoned industrial building within 1970s.[28] Today, the city struggles to compete with Niagara Falls, Ontario; the
"Chemical Row" in Niagara Falls. Canadian side has a greater average annual income, a higher average home
price, and lower levels of vacant buildings and blight,[30] as well as a more
vibrant economy and better tourism infrastructure.[31] The population of
Niagara Falls, New York, fall by half from the 1960s to 2012; in contrast, the population of Niagara Falls, Ontario
more than tripled.[32] In 2000, the city's median household income was 36% below the national average.[28] In 2012,
the city's unemployment rate was significantly higher than the statewide unemployment rate.[29]

Significant sources of economic activity in the region includes the Niagara Falls International Airport, which was
renovated in 2009;[32] the Seneca Gaming Corporation's Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel, which opened in the 2000s
respectively;[32][28] and the nearby Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station.[28]

In late 2001, the State of New York established the USA Niagara Development Corporation, a subsidiary to the State's
economic development agency, to focus specifically on facilitating development in the downtown area. However, the
organization has been criticized for making little progress and doing little to improve the city's economy.[33]

Tourism
The city is home to the Niagara Falls State Park. The park has several
attractions, including Cave of the Winds behind the Bridal Veil Falls, Maid of
the Mist, a popular boat tour which operates at the foot of the Rainbow Bridge,
Prospect Point and its observation tower, Niagara Discovery Center, Niagara
Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center, and the Aquarium of Niagara.

Several other attractions also near the river, including Whirlpool State Park, De
Veaux Woods State Park, Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park in nearby
Lewiston, New York, and Fort Niagara State Park in Youngstown, New York.

Attractions in the downtown include the Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel and The Cave of the Winds building in
the winter
Pine Avenue which was historically home to a large Italian American
population and is now known as Little Italy for its abundance of shops and
quality restaurants.

Sports
Former sports teams based in Niagara Falls include the Class-A Niagara Falls Sox Minor League Baseball, the Class-A
Niagara Falls Rapids and the Niagara Power a New York Collegiate Baseball League team was located within Niagara
Falls.

In 2018, the Niagara Power will be resuming operations under the directive of Niagara University. Their home games
will be played at Sal Maglie Stadium.

In 2017, the Tier III junior North American 3 Hockey League team, the Lockport Express, relocated to Niagara Falls as
the Niagara Falls PowerHawks.

Government
The City of Niagara Falls functions under a strong mayor-council form of government. The government consists of a
mayor, a professional city administrator, and a city council. The current mayor is Robert Restaino. Paul Dyster was the
first mayor of the city to be re-elected since 1987.

The city council serves four-year, staggered terms, except in the case of a special election. It is headed by a
chairperson, who votes in all items for council action.

On a state level, Niagara Falls is part of the 145th Assembly District of New York State, represented by Republican
Angelo Morinello. Niagara Falls is also part of the 62nd Senate District of New York State, represented by Republican
Robert Ortt.

On a national level, the city is part of New York's 26th congressional district and is represented by Congressman Brian
Higgins. In the United States Senate, the city and the state are represented by senators Charles Schumer and Kirsten
Gillibrand.

Education
Residents are zoned to the Niagara Falls City School District. Niagara University and Niagara County Community
College are the two colleges in Niagara County.

Media
Since Niagara Falls is within the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the
city's media is predominantly served by the city of Buffalo.

The city has two local newspapers, the Niagara Gazette, which is published
daily except Tuesday and The Messenger Of Niagara Falls, NY which is
published quarterly. The Messenger Of Niagara Falls, NY, which is officially
Niagara Falls, New York's, first black-owned and operated news publication,
founded October 2018. The Messenger Of Niagara Falls, NY published its
inaugural issue April 2019. The Buffalo News is the closest major newspaper in
the area and once had a Niagara County, NY bureau that extensively covered The Niagara Gazette is published
Niagara Falls and its surrounding communities. The city also is the home to a daily except Tuesday
weekly tabloid known as the Niagara Falls Reporter.

Three radio stations are licensed to the city of Niagara Falls, including WHLD AM 1270, WJJL AM 1440, and WTOR
AM 770.

Infrastructure
Niagara Falls is primarily served by the Buffalo Niagara International Airport for regional and domestic flights within
the United States. The recently expanded Niagara Falls International Airport serves the city, and many cross border
travellers with flights to Myrtle Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Orlando and Punta Gorda. Toronto's Pearson International
Airport on the Canadian side is the closest airport offering long-haul international flights for the Niagara region.

The city is served by Amtrak's Maple Leaf and Empire train services, with regular stops at the Niagara Falls Station
and Customhouse Interpretive Center at 825 Depot Ave West.

Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority is the public transit provider in the Buffalo metro area, with hubs at the
Portage Road and Niagara Falls transportation centers.

Six New York State highways, one three-digit Interstate Highway, one expressway, one U.S. Highway, and one
parkways pass through the city of Niagara Falls. New York State Route 31, New York State Route 104, and New York
State Route 182 are east-west state roadways within the city, while New York State Route 61, New York State Route
265, and New York State Route 384 are north-south state roadways within the city. The LaSalle Expressway is an east-
 west highway which terminates near the eastern edge of Niagara Falls and
begins in the nearby town of Wheatfield, New York. The Robert Moses State
Parkway is a north-south parkway that runs through the city along the northern
edge of the Niagara River and terminates in Youngstown, New York.

Interstate 190, also referred to as the

Niagara Expressway, is a north-south
Niagara Falls Amtrak station highway and a spur of Interstate 90
which borders the eastern end of the
city. The highway enters the city from
the town of Niagara and exits at the North Grand Island Bridge. U.S. Route 62,
known as Niagara Falls Boulevard, Walnut Avenue, and Ferry Avenue, is
signed as a north-south highway. U.S. Route 62 has an east-west orientation,
Whirlpool Rapids bridge, 1983.
and is partially split between two one-way streets within Niagara Falls. Walnut
Avenue carries U.S. Route 62 west to its northern terminus at NY 104, and
Ferry Avenue carries U.S. Route 62 east from downtown Niagara Falls. U.S.
Route 62 Business, locally known as Pine Avenue, is an east-west route which parallels U.S. Route 62 to the south. Its
western terminus is at NY 104, and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 62.

Two international bridges connect the city to Niagara Falls, Ontario. The Rainbow Bridge connects the two cities with
passenger and pedestrian traffic and overlooks the Niagara Falls, while the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge, which formerly
carried the Canadian National Railway, now serves local traffic and Amtrak's Maple Leaf service.

Notable people

See also
Niagara Falls Public Library

References
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2014-06-15.
3. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates" (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.
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2019-04-24.
5. "Niagara Falls New York Township History - The City of Niagara Falls, New York, USA" (http://www.niaga
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Further reading
Mah, Alice. Industrial Ruination, Community, and Place: Landscapes and Legacies of Urban Decline
(University of Toronto Press; 2012) 240 pages; comparative study of urban and industrial decline in
Niagara Falls (Canada and the United States), Newcastle upon Tyne, Britain, and Ivanovo, Russia.

External links
Media related to Niagara Falls, New York at Wikimedia Commons
Niagara Falls, New York travel guide from Wikivoyage
Official website (http://www.niagarafallsusa.org/)
Niagara Falls Handbill Collection, 1838-1886 RG 551 (https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/9250)
Brock University Library Digital Repository
Niagara Falls Photo Album, 1906 RG 556 (https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/9279) Brock
University Library Digital Repository

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