SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS DY, TDA7461 CAR RADIO SIGNAL PROCESSOR = HIGH PERFORMANCE SIGNAL PROCES- SOR FOR CAR RADIO SYSTEMS = DEVICE INCLUDES AUDIO PROCESSOR, STEREO DECODER, NOISEBLANKER AND MULTIPATH DETECTOR NO EXTERNAL COMPONENTS REQUIRED FULLY PROGRAMMABLE VIA FC BUS. LOW DISTORTION LOW NOISE DESCRIPTION The TDA7461 is a high performance signal proc- ‘essor specifically designed for car radio applica tions. The device includes a complete audioprocessor and a stereo decoder with —noiseblanker, stereoblend and all signal processing functions necessary for state-of the-artas well as future car radio systems. Switched-capacitors design technique allows to obtain all these features without external compo- BLOCK DIAGRAM S028 ‘ORDERING NUMBER: TDA74610 nents or adjustments. This means that higher quality and reliability walks alongside an overall cost saving ‘The CSP is fully programmable by I7C bus inter- face allowing to customize key device parameters and especially filter characteristics. The BICMOS process combined with the opti mized signal processing assure low noise and low distortion performances. March 1998 191TDA7461 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ‘Symbol Parameter Value Unit Vs Operating Supply Votage 105 v Tare | Operating Ambient Temperature Range =40 1080 °C Tas | Operating Storage Temperature Range. 5510 150 °C SUPPLY Symbol Parameter “Test Condition Min_| Typ | Max | Unit Vs__ | Supply Vottage 75 |e [| 10 | Vv 1s | Supply Current Ve=9¥ 25 | 30 [| 35 | mA ‘SVR | Fipple Rejection @ 1KHz | Aucioprocessor (all fiters fat) 60 8 ‘Stereodecoder + Audioprocessor 5 I ESD All pins are protected against ESD according to the MIL883 standard PIN CONNECTION ACINL ‘ACOUTL ACINR ‘ACOUTR CASSR CREF CASSL OUTLE cpr ‘OUTRF CDGND OUTLR coL OUTRR PH GND vs PHONE GND AM SDA MPx scL LEVEL SMUTE MPIN MUXR MPOUT MUXL DaTAU6AT THERMAL DATA ‘Symbol Parameter Value Unit Rinjons | Thermal Resistance Junction pins Max 85, =o 2a 4]TDA7461 PIN DESCRIPTION N. Name Function. Type 1__|Acint | Speaker Stage Input Lett O 2 |_AGINA _| Speaker Stage Input Right 0 3_[_cASSA | Cassette Input Right D 4_|_casst_| Cassette input Lett D 6 (CDR __| CD Right Channel Input 1 6 | coGND_| Ground reference GD o 7 pL __| CD Let Channel input o 2 _|_PHGND | Phone Ground 1 9 [PHONE | Phone Input D 10 TAM | AM Input D 1 MPXx__| FM Input (MEX) t 12 | LEVEL _| Level input Stereodecoder o 13 [MIN | Mutipath Detector input o 14 [| MPouT | Multipath Detector Output ° 15 | MUXt | Multiplexer Output Left Channel (Stereodecode Output let selectable ") ° 16 | MUXR | Multiplexer Output Right Channel (Stereodecoder Output right selectable ") ° 17_ | sMuTE | Soft Mute Drive 0 18 SGL__| FC Clock Line u 12 | SDA | Po DataLine v0. 20_| GND _| Supply Grouna s 2 vs__| Supply Voltage s 22_|_OUTAR | Right Rear Speaker Output ° 23_| OUTLR | Lett Rear Speaker Output ° 26_|_ouTAF | Right Front Spacaker Output ° 25__|_OUTLF_| Lett Front Speaker Output ° 26 | CREF | Reference Capaciior Pin s 27_| ACOUTR | Pre-speaker AC Output Right Channel ° 28_| AcouTL | Pre-speaker AC Output Left Channel © (1) See datatytespectioaton -epaaker attenuators Pin ype legends 1 pot iu VO puroupu. S= Supply Sr aiaTDA7461 AUDIO PROCESSOR PART Input Multiplexer = Fully differential or quasi-ifferential CD and ‘cassette stereo input ‘AM mono or stereo input Phone differential or single ended input Internal beep with 2 frequencies (selectable) Mixable phone and beep signals Loudness = Second order frequency response = Programmable center frequency and quality factor a 15x 10B steps Selectable flat-mode (constantattenuation) Volume control 108 attenuator = Max. gain 2008, = Max. attenuation 79dB, = Soft-step gain control ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vs = unless otherwise specified). Bass Control = 2nd order frequency response Center frequency programmable in 4(5) steps DC gain programmable 7 x 20B steps Treble Control = 2nd order frequency response = Center frequency programmable in 4 steps = 7 x20B steps ‘Speaker Control = 4 independentspeaker controls (14B steps control range 5008) Mute Functions = Direct mute = Digitally controlled softmute with 4 program- mable time constants IV; Tam = 25°C; Fi. = 10KQ; all gains = OdB; f = 1KHz; ‘Symbol Parameter ‘Test Condition Min. [ Typ. [ Max. | unit INPUT SELECTOR Rin__| Input Resistance allinputs except Phone 70 [100 | 130 [ Ka Vor | Ciipping Lovet 22 | 26 Vas ‘Sx | Input Separation '30_|_100 8 Gwwn | Min. Input Gain ae) TOME ee | ‘Gwwwax | Max. Input Gain 14 8 Gsre> | Stop Resolution 2 8 Voe | DC Steps ‘Adjacent Gain Step 2 mV Gunto Guns 6 mV, DIFFERENTIAL CD STEREO INPUT Rin | Input Resistance Differential 70 | 100 | 130 | Ka ‘Common Mode a a MRR | Common Mode Rejection Ratio | Vow = tvaus @ 1KHz 45 | 70 8 Vow = tans @ 10KH2, 50 8 en | Output Noise @ Speaker 2OHE to 20KH2 fat; all stages 2 WW. Output 3} DIFFERENTIAL PHONE INPUT Rn | Input Resistance Differential vo [is [ 2 | Ko (Common Node 20 | 20 | 40 | ka MRR | Common Mode Rejection Ratio | Vow = tvans @ 1KHz 45 | 70) 8 Vow = tas @ 10KH 45_| 89 8 a 4]TDA7461 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ‘Symbol Parameter "Test Condition Min. [ Typ. [ Max. [ Unit BEEP CONTROL, ‘Vawe | Beep Level 250 mV fav __| Lower Beep Frequen: 500) Hz, Tew _| Higher Beep Frequen 12 KHe MIXING CONTROL Musver | Mixing Level ‘Source: ° 8 Source, 6 8 Source, 12 ry Beep/Phone. ° 8 VOLUME CONTROL Gwax | Max Gain 20 6 ‘Auax | Max Attenuation 7 8 ‘AsreP_| Sop Resolution 1 8 Ex _ | Attenuation Set Error G= 2010 2008 =125 | o | 125 | 6 G = 6010 2008) 4 [o [3 | Ex__| Traoking Error 2_| 38 Voc | OC Steps. ‘Adjacent Atenuaton Steps or | 3 | mv From 008 10 Gun os | 5 | mv LOUDNESS CONTROL ‘Aster | Step Resolution 1 o ‘Auax__| Max. Attenuation 15 8 town | Lower Center Frequency 200 He. fowax | Higher Genter Frequency 400. He, [SOFT MUTE ‘Awsre | Mute Attenuation 70100 8 To | Delay Time Th 0.48) ms, 72 0.95) ms. 73 40.4 ms. Ts 324. ms. Virion | Low Threshold for SM Pin! 1 Vv Virinin | High Threshovd for SM Pin 25 Vv Rie | Internal Pull-up Resistor 7o_[ 100 | 130 | Ka ISOFT STEP. Tsw | Switch Time 10 ms. 1) The SM pin is actwelow (Mute 0) Sr 51TDA7461 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ‘Symbol Parameter “Test Condition: Min [ Typ. [ Max. [Unit BASS CONTROL Craxce | Conti Range: He 8 ‘Aster | Step Resolution 2 8 fe __| Center Frequency te 60 He. ca 70. He, tea 20, He. fos 700% He, sass | Quality Factor a 1 Ge 125 Os 15 Ge 2 Docan | Bass-De Gain Do=off ° ra DC=on 44 ra [TREBLE CONTROL Crace | Control Flange: e Asrep | Step Resolution 8 fe | Center Frequency tes KHz tea 125 KHz fea 15 KHz, fee 175 KHz ISPEAKER ATTENUATORS Grace | Control Range. 50) ea Aster | Step Resolution 1 8 ‘Awure | Output Mute Attenuation 2 | 90 8 Ee | Altenuation Set Error 2-08 Ve [ DC Steps. ‘Adjacent Atenuation Steps or fs | mv |AUDIO OUTPUTS. Veur | Clipping Level 0.3% 22 | 26 Ving Ri___| Output Load Resistance 2 Ka G.__| Output Load Capacitance 70 [nF Rour [Output Impedance 30 | 20 | a Voc [DC Voltage Level 28) Vv GENERAL eno] Output Noise BW =20 Hz 1020 KHz 2 Ww output muted BW = 20 Hz 1020 KHz 65 Ww all gain = 008 SIN | Signal to Noise Ratio all gain = 0d8 flat, Vo = 2Vavs 110 o bass treble at 1248; Vo 100 8 2.6Vius @ | Distorion Vin = 1 Van all stages 008 (0.002. % Viv= 1Vis; 8355 8 Treble = 1258 0.05; % ‘Se___| Channel separation Left/Right '20_| 100 8 Er __ | Total Tracking Error Ay = 010-2068 ° 7 [8 Ay = 200-6005) otl2 |e 2) Soe doserpton of Avdoprocessor Part - Base & Treble titer characters programming 631 4]DESCRIPTION OF THE AUDIOPROCESSOR PART Programmable Input Matrix The programmable input matrix of the TDA7461 offers several possibilities to adapt the audioproo ‘essor to the desired application. Into the stand- ard application we have: CD quasi itferential Cassette stereo Phone differential AM mono Stereodecoder input The input matrix can be configured by only 2 bits: Figure 1. Input Configuration Tree TDA7461 bits 3. and 4 of subaddress 0. Basically the bit of subaddress 13 is fixed by the application and has to.be programmed only once at the startup ofthe For many configurations the two bits are also fixed during one application (e.g. the standard ap- plication) and a change of the input source can done by loading the first three bits of subad- dress 0. In other configurations for some sources a pro ‘gramming of bit 3 and 4 of subaddress 0 is nec. essary in addition to the three source selection bits. In every case only the subaddress 0 has to be changed switch from one source to another. ‘The following picture shows the input and source programming flow: TDA7A61 ean coro apes APPL.2 APPL. APPL. PPL. apeL.c epa0 opan pao coro coro coro CASSETTE «CASSETTE «CASSETTE «CASSETTE. ©—«CASGETTE CASSETTE FusTD Fu'sTD Fusto. Fu s1D Pu STD FM STD AMMONO —-AMSTEREO AMID. AMMONO —AMISTEREO ASTD. PHONE (0) PHONE(SE} PHONE(D) PHONE (SE) PHONE ($5) aa Note: in AMISTD configuration the AM mono signals load hvough the FM soreedocoder pat uso is adationaitecsand hgh-cutuncton 4 791TDA7461 PIN NUMBER, ‘Appl. No. 4 6 7 3 Programming ” (GDen0 Phonesxo | Phone ‘Atiweno | Startup: Oho 2 (Deno Proneoxo | AMacrr | AMuerr Startup: hoon FM Ofxxxt1 100) AM Ofexx01014 Phone. Opexxt 1010) 3 CDen Pronesxo | Phone ANSTO Startup: Ohno FM Ofexxt1 100) AM (fexx01 100) Phone Opexxt 1010) 4 core | CDLew | Phone ‘Anon | Startup: Ohooa.dx01 8 OR | CDLono | AMaaH ‘ANLEF Startup: hex FM Ofexxt0100) AM. Ofexx00014 6 GDRaw | ODlcno | Phone ANSTO Startup: Ohen0x0e FM Ofeaxt0100 AM OFexx0000 Phone O/xxxt0010) Synax Oboe 100 means: SUBADDRESS 0 DATABYTE = wx»11100 (x driteate) How to find the right input configuration The best way to come to the desired configura: tion may be to go through the application tree from the top to the bottom while making the spe- cific decisions This way will lead to one of the six possible appl- cations. Then take the number of the application and go into the pinning table. Here you will find the special pinout as well as the special program ming codes for selecting sources. For example in Appl. 6 the TDA7461 has to be configured while’ startup with the databyte OrrxxxOoxxx, To select the FM, AM or phone source the last five significant bits of subaddress 0 have to be ‘changed, for any other source the last three bits are sufficient (see data byte specification). Input stages Most of the input circuits are the same as in pre- ‘ceeding ST audioprocessors with exception of the CD inputs (see figure 2) In the meantime there are’ some CD players in the market having a significant high source im- pedance which affects strongly the common mode rejection of the normal differential input stage. The additional buffer of the CD input erat avoids this drawback and offers the full common- mode rejection even with those CD players. ‘The TDA7461 can be configured with an addi- tional input; if the AC coupling before the speaker stage is not used (bit 7 in subaddress 6 set to ACINL and ACINR pins can be used as an addi tional stereo input. AutoZero In order to reduce the number of pins there is no ‘AC coupling between the In-Gain and the follow ing stage, so that any offset generated by or be- fore the in-Gain stage would be transferred or ‘even amplified to the output To avoid that effect a special offset cancellation stage called AutoZerois implemented To avoid audible clicks the audioprocessor is muted before the loudness stage during this time. In some cases, for example if the uP is executing a refresh cycle of the I°C bus programming, it is Not usefulto start a new AutoZero action because no new source is selected and an undesired mute would appear at the outputs. For such applica tions the TDA7461 could be switched in the "Auto Zeto Remain” mode (Bit 6 of the subaddress byte). If this bit is set to high, the DATABYTE 0 could, be loaded without invoking the AutoZero and the old adjustment value remains. StTDA7461 Figure 2. Input stages ono wwe [Me — a PST Figure 3. Loudness Attenuation @ fe = 400Hz Mixing Stage (second order) This stage offers the possibilty to mix the internal beep or the phone signal to any other source. Due to the fact that the mixing stage is also lo- ‘cated behind the In-Gain stage fine adjustments Of the main source level can be done in this way. Loudness There are four parameters programmable in the loudness stage (see fig. 3, 4, 5) ~ Attenuation - Center Frequency - LoudnessQ - Flat Mode: in this mode the loudness stage works as a0- 15dBattenuator. Figure 4. Loudness Center frequency @ Attn. |5dB (second order) Softmute The digitally controlled softmute sjage allows 50 muting/demuting the signal with a FC bus pro- grammable slope. The mute process can either be activated by the softmute pin or by the FC 199 bus. The slope is realized in a special S shaped curve to mute slow in the critical regions (see fig- ure 6). ad For timing purposes the Bit 3 of the I?C bus out- put registeris set to 1 from the start of muting un- tilthe end of demuting, ST a1TDA7461 Figure 5. Loudness @ Attn. = 15dB, fe = 400Hz (08) c i Figure 6. Soft mute ing DS [ 10 100 +000 He Softstep Volume ‘When volume level is changed often an audible click appears at the output, The root cause of those clicks could be either a DC offset before the volume stage or the sudden change of the envelope of the audio signal. With the Softstep feature both kinds of clicks could be reduced to a minimum and are no more audible (see figure 7). There are three parameters programmable in the bass stage (see figs 8 9, 10, 11): - Attenuation ~ Center Frequency (60, 70, 80 and 100Hz) - Quality Factors (1, 1.25, 1.5 and 2) DC Mode In this mode the DC gain is increased by 4.4¢B. In addition the programmed center frequency and quality factor is decreased by 25% which can be used to reach alternative center frequencies or quality factors, Treble There are two parameters programmable in the treble stage (see figs 12, 13): Attenuation - Center Frequency (10, 12.5, 15 and 17.5kH2), Speaker Attenuator Due to practical aspects the stepsin the speaker attenuators are not linear over the full range. At attenuations more than 24dB the steps increase trom 1 SdBto 1008 (please Soe data byt specit cation 10791 Note Please noi that a startedMute action always terminated ‘and could nat be inter upted by change othe multe signal Figure 7. Soft Step Timing Note: For stops more than 148 the sottstep mode should be ‘deactivated becalse It could generate a 108 eror duing the blend bme 4]TDA7461 50 100 180 Figure 10. Bass Quality factors @ Gail 14dB, fe = 80Hz 1! Bass Control @ fc = 80Hz, Q=1 Figure 9. Bass Center @ Gain= 14dB,Q=1 normal and DC Mode @ Gai 1K 10K 0] «9 Figure 12. Treble Control @ fe = 17.5KHz 1 tno the canto rg le Center Frequencies » * 00K "Note In general the conte: requoncy, @ and DC-mode can be so Independent. The exooption rom ths ule rode( 3x 1111) Joey is Cotto TE0H2 toad of 100K 10 0} 09} so a sl 100 Sr CCC) 10K 1004 1101TDA7461 STEREODECODER PART No external components necessary = PLL with adjustment free fully integrated VCO. = Automatic pilot dependent MONO/STEREO ‘switching = Very high suppression of intermodulation and interference = Programmable Roll-Off compensation ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vs Dedicated RDS Softmute Highcut and Stereoblend characterisctics pro- grammable in a wide range Internal Noiseblanker with threshold controls = Multipath detector with programmable inter- nal/external influence = °C bus control of all necessary functions 9V; deemphasis time constant 50s, Vex = 500mV, ‘75KHz deviation, f = 1KHz. Gi = 6dB, Tans =25°C; unless otherwise specified). ‘Symbol Parameter “Test Conaition Min. [ Typ. [ Max. | Unit Vs__| MPX Input Level input Gain = 5.508, 05 | 1.25 | Viws Rin__| Input Resistance: 100 Ka Gain | Minimum input Gain 35 8 (Grex | Max Input Gain 1 8 Gres | Stop Resolution 25 8 ‘SVAR | Supply Voltage Ripple Rejection (Oomv. t= 1hhe 60 8 @___| Max Channel Separation 50) 8 THO | Total Harmonie Distortion 02 | os | % SN _ | Signal plus Noise to Noise Ratio| S = 2Vme ot 6 Wy MONO/STEREO SWITCH Venisr:_| Pilot Threshold Voltage ‘or Stereo, PTH= 1 15 mv Venista | Pilot Threshold Voltage ‘or Stereo, PTH = 0 25: mv, Vernier _| Pilot Threshold Voliage Tor Mono, PTH 12 mV) ‘Veruca | Pilot Threshold Vottage {or Stereo, PTH = 0 19 mV) PLL ‘ait Capture Range 05 % DEEMPHASIS and HIGHCUT ‘cxoso | Deomphasis Time Constant | Bit= 7, Subadr. 10= 50 = Vuever >> Vio Deemphasis Time Constant | Bit= 7, Subacr. 1 5 1 VLEVEL >> Wis “nese | Highout Time Constant Bit= 7, Subacr. 10= 0 750 - VLEVEL >> Vio Highout Time Constant Bit 7, Subacr. 1 225 = VLEVEL >> Vio. ISTEREOBLEND and HIGHCUT-CONTROL, REFSV_| Internal Reference Voltage 5 v Torry _| Temperature Coefficient 3800 ppm Lorin | Min. LEVEL Gain ° 8 Lore | Max. LEVEL Gain 10 8 Louse | LEVEL Gain Step Resolution 87 8 VSBLnir_| Min.Vottage for Mono 33 PRET VSBlinar_| Max. Voltage for Mono 58 SEE VSBLsep_| Step Resolution 34 PREV rem otTDA7461 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Symbol Parameter Test Condilon win. [ typ. [ wax. [unit ISTEREOBLEND and HIGHCUT CONTROL, VHCHnn_[ Min. Vottage for NO Higheut a SREFSV VHGHinex | Max. Voltage for NO Higheut 68 SREFSV VHGHsie | Step Resolution 34 SREFSV VHCLn | Min. Voltage for FULL High ut 7 S.VHGH ViClnes | Max. Votage for FUL High cut 33 SAVHGH [Carrier and harmonic suppression at the output 19] Plot Signal = 19K Ea B 38 | Subsartoe akHe 75 8 eS? | Subsarior STK «2 8 76 | Subsarrier Take ‘20 B intermodulation (Note1) 2__| Piot Signal ORE: Tr = TK a B 3 ICH ep = TH B B Traffic Radio (Note 2) 87 | Signal t= S7KHe 70 & [SCA - Subsidiary Communications Authorization (Note 3) 67 | Signal 1 67KH2 75 B [ACI - Adjacent Channel Interference (Note 4) ati | Signal t= 1aKr x B 190 | Signal = 190KHe 4 8 Notes tothe cheracteistes: + Inermedulaton Suppression: measured with:91% lat signal:Im = 10kHe or 13HHe, 2. Trae Rado (VF) Suppression: measured with: 91% stereo slgnal 9% plot signal m= tkHz: 59% subcater (= S7AH2 tim=2382 AM, m= 60%). 3. SCA (Subsidiary Comunioatens Authorization) measured wit: 1%mono signal: 934 ila signal tm = 1KH2; 1O%SCA -subcatior (le “67k, unedited). 4. ACI (Adjacent Came! Interterance) measured with 90% mona signal; plot signal; fm = KHz; 1% spurous signal (is T1Ok2 or teahr, unmet). 1981 4TDA7461 NOISE BLANKER PART tion, field-strenght) internal 2nd order 140kH2 high pass fitter = very low offset current during hold time = programmable trigger threshold = four selectable pulse suppressiontimes = additional circuits for trigger adjustment (devia- ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Symbol Parameter ‘Test Condition in| Typ. | Max. [unit via Trigger Threshold” | meas. with Veeax = 0.9V [NBT = 117 30 Tor. NBT= 110 35 mor NBT=101 rn Ver NBT = 100 5 Vor NBT=011 50 mor NBT = 010 5 mor NBT= 001 0 Vor NBT = 000, 5 mor Vimose | Nolse Congoted Tigger | meas. wi Wre NCT 260 Vor Threshold *) NCT =01 220, mVor NOT =10 180 mVor NCT ett 120 mVor Vaca | Rector Vohage Var = nV. 08 v ura = SomVi f= TSOKHE 1 v ure 100m: t= 150KHE 25 v Vaccroev | deviation dopengent | means. with ODT 29(0HH Vor rectifier Voltage ® \Viuex = 800mV OEE 7 Vor (75KHz dev.) OVD = 01 20 Vor ‘OVD = 00 28 Vor Vaccrr= | Fieldsirengin Conpoted | means. with FSo=11 Toh v Rectifier Voltage “ ‘Viwx = OmV FSC = 10 13 Vv coda FSC 01 12 v FSC= 00 28 v 0} Altresholds are measured using pulse with Ta =248, Tyo =2 8 and Tr = 10s 1) NBT represonts tho Novscbianker Bytes D2; DOor the nog blank tggortroshoks 2) NAT represents the Noseblanker Bye par D4,03 or the noke controled Wioger austment {3 OVD represents the No‘eeblanke- Byte bt pai D706 for tha over daviaton detector 4) FSC represents the Fieldtrength-Byebtpai 1,00 forthe fildstrongth contol vw a ene eat o sar 4]TDA7461 Figure 14. Trigger Threshold vs. VPeaKk vn 10000 ony MIN. TRIG, THRESHOLD, {Noise conrRoLeD ic. THRESHOLD pri Figure 15. Deviation Controlled Trigger Adjustment pean Wor) 28 20 0 oa DETECTOR OFF (1) pons 20 «85S DEVIATION) Figure 16. Fieldstrength Controlled Trigger Adjustment Veen’ or Fareae 7m 15891 41TDA7461 MULTIPATH DETECTOR = Two pin solution fully independent usable for = Internal 19kHz bandpass filter E Srnsl PrOaTanTTina Hees : = Programmable bandpass and rectifier gain 1 Selectable internalinfluence on Stereoblend ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ‘Symbol Paramotor “Test Condition Min. [ Typ. [ Max. [unit four | Center frequency of Mutipati- | stereodecoder locked on pilot 19 KHe Bandpass tone Gaur | Bandpass Gain bits Dz, Dy configuration byte: é 8 Dis De, D1 configuration byte = 01 16 8 bits Dz, Di configuration byte. 12. 8 Bits De, D1 configuration byle = 11 18 8 Gaeowe | Rallection Gain ‘its Dr, Ds configuration byto = 00 76 8 ‘its Dr, Ds configuration byte = 01 46 8 bits Dr, Ds configuration byte: 0 8 Teswwp | Reattier Charge Current 1 uA Toswe | Rectifier Discharge Gurrent 15 mA Figure 17. Block diagram of the stereodecoder 4] 1691TDA7461 DESCRIPTION OF STEREODECODER The stereodecoder part of the TDA7461 (see Fig. 17) contains all functions necessary to demodu- late the MPX signal like pilot tone dependent MONOISTEREO ‘switching aswell as "stereoblend” and “highcut” functions. ‘Adaptations like programmable input gain, rolhoff ‘compensation, selectable deemphasis time con- stant and a programmable fieldstrength input al- low to use different IF devices. Stereodecoder Mute The TDA7461 has a fast and easy to control RDS mute function which is a combination of the audioprocessor softmute and the high-ohmic mute of the stereodecoder. If the stereodecoder is selected and a softmute command is sent (or activated through the SM pin) the stereodecoder will be set automatically to the high-ohmic mute condition after the audio signal has been soft muted. Hence a checking of alternate frequencies could be performed. To release the system from the mute condition simply the unmute command must be sent: the stereodecoder is unmuted immed ately and the audioprocessor is softly unmuted. Fig. 18 shows the output signal Vo as well as the internal stereodecoder mute signal. This influ- ‘ence of Softmute on the stereodecoder mute can be switched off by setting bit 3 of the Softmute byte to "0". A stereodecoder mute command (bit 0, stereodecoder byte set to "1") will set the stereodecoder in any case independently to the high-ohmic mute state It any other source than the stereodecoderis se- lected the decoder remains muted and the MPX pin is connected to Vref to avoid any discharge of the coupling capacitor through leakage currents. Input Stages The Ingain stage allows to adjust the MPX signal toa magnitude of about 1 ims internally which is the recommended value. The 4.th order input fi ter has a comer frequency of 80kHz and is used to altenuatespikes and noise and acts as an anti- aliasing filter for the following switch capacitor fk ters, Demodulator In the demodulator block the left and the right channel are separated from the MPX signal. In this stage also the 19 kHz pilot tone is cancelied For reaching a high channel separation the TDA746} offers an I2C bus programmable roll-off adjustment which is able to compensate the low- Sr Figure 18. Signals during stereodecoder’s softmute 4 ‘COMMAND Cl STD MUTE A | _ ass behaviour of the tuner section. If the tuner attenuation at 38kHz is in a range from 20.2% to 31% the TDA7461 needs no extemal network be- fore the MPX pin. Within this range an adjustment to obtain atleast 408 channel separation spos- sible, ‘The bits for this adjustment are located together with the fieldstrength adjustment in one byte. This gives the possibilty to perform an optimization step during the production of the carradio where the channel separation and the fieldstrength con- trol are trimmed Deemphasisand Highcut. The lowpass filter for the deemphasis allows to choose between a time constant of 50us and ‘75us (bit D7, Stereodecoder byte). The highcut control range willbe in both cases tc = 2 - tbeemp. Inside the highcut control range (between VHCH and VHCL) the LEVEL signal is converted into a 5 bit word which controls the lowpass time constant between tovenp...3 - tovenp. There by the resolution will remain always 5 bits independently of the absolute voltage range be- tween the VHCH and VHCL values. The highcut function can be switched off by 12C bus (bit D7, Fieldstrength byte set to "0"). PLL and Pilot Tone Detector The PLL has the task to lock on the 19kHz pilo- tone during a stereo transmission to allow a cor- rect demodulation. The included detector enables the demodulation ifthe pilot tone reaches the se- lected pilottone threshold VPTHST. Two different thresholds are available. The detector output (sig- nal STEREO, see block diagram) can be checked 17881TDA7461 by reading the status byte of the TDA7461 via 12C bus, Fieldstrength Control The fieldstrenath input is used to control the high cut and the stereoblend function. In addition the signal can be also used to control the noise- blanker thresholds. LEVEL Input and Gain To suppress undesired high frequency modula: tion on the highcut and stereoblend function the LEVEL signal is lowpass filtered firstly. The filter is a combination of a 1st order RC lowpass at 53kHz (working as anti-aliasing filter) and a ist- order switched capacitor lowpass at 2.2kHz. The second stage is a programmable gain stage to adapt the LEVEL signal internally to different IF. The gain is widely programmable in 16 steps from OdB to 10dB (step = 0.6748). These 4 bits are located together with the Rol-Off bits in the "Stereodecoder Adjustment’ byte to simplify a possible adaptation during the production of the carradio. Stereoblend Control The stereoblend control block converts the inter nal LEVEL voltage (LEVEL INTERN) info an de. modulator compatible analog signal which is used to control the channel separation between OdB and the maximum separation, Inermall ths con trol range has a fixed upper limit which is the in- temal reference voltage REFSV. The lower limit ‘can be programmed to be 33%, 42%, 50% or 58% of REFSV (see fig. 20) To adjust the external LEVEL voltage to the inter- nal range two values must be defined: the LEVEL Figure 19. Internal stereoblend characteristics " \ zt __ i usdexnerend’ gain Ls and VSBL. To adjust the voltage where the full channel separation is reached (VST) the LEVEL gain La has to be defined. The following ‘equation can be used to estimate the gain le= REFSV Field strength voltage [STEREO] ‘The gain can be programmed through 4 bits in the *Stereodecoder-Adjustment" byte. The MONO voltage VMO (0dB channel separa- tion) can be choosen selecting 33, 42, 50 or 58% of REFSV. All necessary internal reference voltages like REF5V are derived from a bandgap circut. ‘Therefore they have a temperature coefficient near zero. This is useful i the fieldstrength signal is also temperature compensated But most IF devices apply a LEVEL voltage with a TC of 3300ppm. The TDA7461 offers this TC for the reference voltages, too. The TC is selectable with bit D7 of the "stereodecoder adjustment” byte. Figure 20. Relation between internal and external LEVEL voltage and setup of Stereoblend sens cover 4 +e yaa StTDA7461 Highcut Control The highout control setup is simiar to the stereoblend control setup : the starting point VHCH can be set with 2 bits to be 42, 50, 58 or 66% of REF5V whereas the range can be set to be 17 or 33% of VHCH (see fig. 21). Figure 21. Highcut characteristics FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NOISE BLANKER. In the automotive environment the MPX signal is disturbed by spikes produced by the ignition and for example the wiper motor. The aim of the noiseblanker part is to cancel the audible influ ‘ence of the spikes. Therefore the output of the stereodecoder is held at the actual voltage for 40qs. Ina first stage the spikes must be detected but to avoid 2 wrong triggering on high frequency (white) noise a. complex trigger control is imple- mented. Behind the triggerstage a pulse former generates the “blanking” pulse. To avoid any Grosstalk to the signalpath the noiseblanker is Figure 22. Block diagram of the noiseblanker supplied by his own biasing circu. Trigger Path ‘The incoming MPX signal is highpass filtered ampiiied and rectified. This second order high: pass-fiter has a comer frequency of 140kHz. The rectified signal, RECT, is lowpass filtered to gen- erate a signal called PEAK. Also noise with a. fre- quency 140kHz increases the PEAK voltage. The PEAK voltage is fed to a threshold generator, which adds to the PEAK voltage a DC depend: ent threshold VTH. Both signals, RECT and PEAK+VTH are fed to a comparator which trig- gers a re-triggerable monoflop. The monoflop's Output activates the sample-and-hold circuits in the signalpath for 40s. The block diagram of the noiseblanker is given in fig.22. Automatic Noise Controlled Threshold Adjust- ment (ATC) There are mainly two independentpossibilties for programming the trigger threshold: a the low threshold in 8 steps (bits DO to D2 of the noiseblankerbyte) b the noise adjusted threshold in 4 steps (bits D3 and D4 of the noiseblanker byte, see fig. 14) The low threshold is active in combination with a good MPX signal without any noise; the PEAK voltage is less than 1V. The sensitivity in this op- eration is high If the MPX signal is noisy the PEAK voltage jn ‘oreases due to the higher noise, which is also rectified, With increasing of the PEAK voltage the trigger threshold increases, too. This particular gain is programmable in 4 steps (see fig. 14). RECTIFIER > MPx —e MoNoFLoe [= HOLDN THRESHOLD GENERATOR ADDITIONAL. THRESHOLD ‘CONTROL, 4 19891TDA7461 Automatic Threshold Control Besides the noise controlled threshold adjust ment there is an additional possibilty for infiueno- ing the trigger threshold. It is depending on the stereoblend control. The point where the MPX signal starts to become noisy is fixed by the RF pait. Therefore also the starting point of the normal noise-controlled trig- jer adjustment is fixed (fig. 16). In some cases the behaviour of the noiseblanker can be im proved by increasing the threshold even in a re- gion of higher fieldstrength. Sometimes a wrong triggering oocures for the MPX signal often shows distortion in this range which can be avoided even fusing a low threshold, Because of the overlap of this range and the range of the stereo/mono transition it can be con- trolled by stereoblend. This threshold increase is rogrammable in 3 steps or switched off with bits DO and D1 of the fieldstrength control byte. Over Deviation Detector If the system is tuned to stations with a high de- viation the noiseblanker can trigger on the higher frequencies of the modulation. To avoid this wrong behaviour, which causes noise in the out put signal, the noiseblankeroffers a deviation de- pendent threshold adjustment. By rectifying the MPX signal a further signal rep- resenting the actual deviation is obtained. It is Figure 23. Block diagram of the Multipath Detector used to increase the PEAK voltage. Offset and gain of this circuit are programmable in 3 steps with the bits D6 and D7 of the stereodecoder byte (the first step turns off the detector, see fig. 15). FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MULTE PATH DETECTOR Using the internal detector the audible effects of a multipath condition can be minimized. A multipath condition is detected by rectfying the 19kHz spectrumin the fieldstrength signal. Selecting the "internal influence” in the configura- tion byte, the channel separation is automatically reduced during a multipath condition acoording to the voltage appearing at the MPOUT pin To obtain a optimal performance an adaptationis necessary. Therefore the gain of the 19kHz band- ass is programmable in four steps as well as the rectifier gain. The attack and decay times can be set by the external capacitor value. TEST MODE During the test mode which can be activated by setting bit DO of the testing byte and bit D5 of the subaddress byte to “1” several internal signals are available at the CASSR pin. During this mode the input resistance of 100kOhmis discon- nected from the pin. The internal signals available are shown in the software specification oo 7 Eos 1, J emorass |_[ recrren wen ot Toke a “4 f iy on dew 2081 4]TDA7461 Figure 24. Application Example 1 voygpareo Se Figure 25. Application Example 2 aaa 7 TDA7461 cure on 2 coo ox won | eure vane 2 weve omggine> EBaor ‘STA aneTDA7461 (°C BUS INTERFACE DESCRIPTION / write transmission) Interface Protocol -asubaddress byte The interface protocol comprises: -asequence of data (N-bytes + acknowledge) -a start condition (S) -a stop condition (P) ‘a chip address byte (the LSB bit determines read CHIP ADDRESS ‘SUBADDRESS DATA fo DATAn 16 1 oF 1 iso wsB Use se sa PEP PRK PPT Pep acey TT pay TT Pedr] S=Start ‘Auto increment ACK = Acknowledge If bit | in the subaddress byte is set to "1", the AZ = AutoZero-Remain autoincrementof the subaddress is enabled. Testing tutoinorement ‘TRANSMITTED DATA (send mode) fia "CLOCK SPEED Sook = = a x [x ][x][x]s[em[x]x The transmitted data is automatically updated af- SM = Soft mute activated ter each ACK, ST =Stereo Transmission can be repeated without new chip _X = Not Used. address. ‘SUBADDRESS (receive mode) MSB LSB FUNCTION ices] az) BE: ma [| 2 | ai | Ao 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | inputsctector o | o | o | 1 | Loudness /Auto-zero o | o | 1 | o | Volume o | o | + | 4 | sotmutes Beep 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Bass, Treble attenuator o | 1 | 0 | 1 | Bass, Treble Configuration o | 1 | 1 | 0 | Speaker attenuator LF o J 1 | 1 | 1 | Speaker attenuator LA 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Speaker attenuator RF + | 0 | 0 | 3 | Speaker attenuator AR / Blanktime adjust 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Stereodecoder + | 0 | i | 1 | Noisebianker + | 4 | 0 | 0 | Fieldstrongth control 1] 4 | 0 | 1 | contiguration 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Stereadecoder Adjustment ate ft ft J testing Testmode = Autoincrement AZ = Auto Zero Remain X = notused 2201 SiTDA7461 DATA BYTE SPECIFICATION Input Selector MsB LSB FUNCTION b7 [0s | 05 | 04 | os ‘Source Selector co Cassette Phone AM Stereo Decoder Input FM. Mute AG inputs ‘CD Mode CO Fulkciferential CD Quasi-ctt ‘AMIFM Mode AM mono AM storeo [AM through Stereodecoder FM- Stereodecoder n-Gain 1408 1268 208 008. Loudness For example saletthe CD input in quas-iferentid mode wit gain of 848 the Data Byte: 0101111000 MsB LSB LOUDNESS. bz [ds | os | bs | os D2 Or Do ‘Attenuation 08, 108 “4d8 71508 Filter of fat) ‘Center Frequency 2odHe 4ooHe Loudness 7 must be “T Nota: The atanuation a spactied at igh fequenclee. Around the canter equancy the valu is dferentdepancing onthe programmed lenuatlon (soo Loudness frequency response) Sr 291TDA7461 Mute, Beep and Mixing MsB LSB MUTE/BEEP/MIXING br [0s | 05 | o¢ | os | 02 | o | po Muto Enable Softmute Disable Softmute 48 ms Mute time =324 ms ‘Stereo Decader Softmute Influence = off Stereo Decader Softmute Influence = on Beep Boop Frequency Boop Frequency o 1 0 1 Mixing Mix-Souroe MixcSource Full Mix Signal Source 1208 + Mix-Signal 2.548 Source 648 + Mx-Signal 668 Full Source. Noe: for more information tothe StereadecoderSoftmue-niuence pase rter Volume to the steveodecoder desoretion. MsB. LSB ATTENUATION pr [os | os | 04 | os | o2 | 01 | Do GainiAttenuation| o Jo ]o]o]o |] o | o J .s205 (oles | cle |t colt | pte) ices | to} | ita |rsiaa: o Jo fo fi [a fo | o J s2008 o fo fo fafa fo Ja | +105 o fo fo fafa for | o | +eas ofofa] ada fu fot Jats o | 1 ]o]of]o]o 008 of 1 ]o]o]o]o] a J-138 eerie aot erie ip ie ron vec le eet eae te | tk eed atta e790 Sofistep ° Softstep Volume = off 1 Softstep Volume = on Nolo: ts notrocommondod to us a gala mote than 20dB for system performancereason. In gonorl the max. gain should bo lnedby ‘sofware to tha maximum value whic a neaded fr the sytem, 2491 4]TDA7461 Bass & Treble Attenuation MsB. LsB | BASS & TREBLE ATTENUATION D7 [os | 05 | o# | os | o2 | oO | Do Treble Steps 44d8 “208 268 038 038 +208, 1 | +1208 i | o | o Jo | +148 Bass Stops “14d “1208 208 038 068 4208 $1268 o fo] a ofolo 1468 For example 1248 Trebleand 848 Bass gv te folowing DATA BYTE=001 1100 1 Bass & Treble Filter Characteristics MsB LSB BASS & TREBLEFILTER by [ps | 05 | 04 | os | 02 | 07 | oo Treble © | 0 | Contor Frequency = 10 KHz 0 | 1 | Genter Frequency = 12.5 KHz 1 | 0 | Center Frequency = 15 KHz 1] 1 _| Center Frequency = 17.5 KHz Bass Genter Frequency = 60 Hz Genter Frequency = 70 Hz Genter Frequency = 80 Hz Center Frequency = 100H2 Genter Frequency = 150H2 Quality factor = 1 Quality factor = 1.25 Quality factor =1'5 Quality factor = 2 ° Dc-Gain = 048 DC-Gain = 34.408 ‘AC Coupling (?) ° For External Connection 4 Internally connected For exampia Treble cantor requoncy = 15k, ooorrto cantor frequency = 100Hz, as Q = 1 and DC = Od give the folowing DATA BYTE: 1 (/) For doeper information eee application examples ig. 24 ang, 26, ‘STA 2501TDA7461 Speaker Attenuation (LF, LR, RF, RR) MsB. LSB D7 [os | 05 | 0 | os 02 oi Do. ‘Attenuation as: “168 2348 24,508 2648, "2808 20 2248 "3508 “4038 ‘50d Speaker Mute ‘Must be "1" (except RR speaker; see below) Blank Time ad}. (only at RR speaker) ys 25 Sus Says 2ohs ‘Output selector for pins 15 and 16. ‘Stereodecoder output selected Input multiplexer output selected 2601 4]TDA7461 Stereodecoder mse. LSB FUNCTION D7 [os | os | o# | os | 2 Or Do. ‘STD Unmuted STD Muted IN-Gain 1165 IN-Gain 8 508 IN-Gain 668 IN-Gain 3.568 must be"t Foreed MONO MONOISTEREO switch automatically Pilot Threshold HIGH Pilot Threshold LOW Deomphrasis S0us Deomptiasis 75us Noiseblanker MsB LSB FUNCTION. pz [os | os | os | os | 2 Low Threshold 65mV Low Threshold 60mV Low Threshold S5mV Low Threshold SomV Low Threshold 45mV Low Threshold 4omV Low Threshold 35mV Low Threshold 30mV Nolse Controlled Threshold S20m\ Nolse Controlled Threshold 250mV Noise Controlled Threshold 200mV Nolse Controlled Threshold 140m\ ‘Nolse Bianker OFF Nolse banker ON. ‘Over deviation Adjust 2.8V (ver deviation Adjust 2.0V (Over deviation Adjust 1.2V (Over daviation Detector OFF 4 ariaTDA7461 Fieldstrength Control MsB. LSB FUNCTION br | ds | os | o¢ | os | ‘Nolseblanker Field strengih Agi 2.3V Nolseblanker Field strength Adj 1.8V Nolseblanker Field strength Adj 1 3V Nolseblanker Field strength Ao] OFF VSBL at 23% REF 5V VSBL at 42% REF 5V VSBL at 50% REF 5 VSBL at 58% REF 5V VHGH at 429 REF 5 VHGH at 809 REF SV VHGH at 589% REF SV VHGH at 659% REF 5. VHOL at 17% VHCH VHGL a 33% VHCH High eut OFF High cut ON Configuration MsB FUNCTION br [0s | 05 | 04 | os | 02 Noise Rectifier Discharge Resistor infinite ‘Multipath Detector Bandpass Gain da. 1608 1208, 1868 Multipath Detector Internal Influence ON, OFF Must be" ‘Multipath Detector Reflection Gain || 5 Gain = 7.608, Oa Bei Gain = 4.608, 1 | 0 Gain = 008, ati OFF 281 SiTDA7461 Stereodecoder Adjustment MsB LSB D7 Ds. D5, Oe Da. D2 Di] Do FUNCTION Roll-Off Compensation not allowed 20.2% 219% 255% 31.0% LEVEL Gain 038 0.6606 1.3368 1068 “Temperature compensation af LEVEL Input r TC = 16:7mVik (83096m) Testing MsB. LSB FUNCTION D7, Ds. Ds, D4 D3: D2 Di | Do ‘Stereodecoder test signals OFF ost signals enabled i bit DS of the subaddress (test mode bit)is sotto "1". too External Clock Internal Ciock Testsignals at CASS_R VHoCH Level intern Pilot magnitude VCOCON; VCO Control Voltage Pilot threshold HOLON NB threshold F228 VHoCL vsBL not used ot used PEAK otused REFSV not used veo OFF ON, ° 1 ‘Audioprocessortest mode only ifbit DS of the subaddress (test mode bit)is set t0"t OFF Note: Ths bytes used fortesting or evaluatinpurposes ony andmustnot bosetio other values than thedetaul"11111110"in theappleation! Sr 29191TDA7461 $028 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA =a b e ‘ 2081 4]