I).

SIMPLE C PROGRAMS
1. Accepting text from user and printing
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(" C test program");
getch();
}

RESULT:
C test program

2.Program to demonstrate the working of fundamental datatypes

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float x;
int y;
char a;
double k;
clrscr();
x=123.456;
y=20;
a='z';
k=9.3456677;
printf("\n x=%f",x);
printf("\n y=%d",y);
printf("\n a=%c",a);
printf("\n k=%lf",k);
getch();
}

RESULT:

x=123.456001
y=20
a=z
k=9.345668

3. Program to interchange to values

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,temp;
clrscr();
printf("enter the values of a,b \n");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;

printf("a=%d\n b=%d\n ",a,b);

getch();
}

RESULT:

enter the values of a,b

5
3
a=3
b=5

4.Program to calculate simple interest

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float p,n,r;
float simple=0.0;
clrscr();
printf(" enter the values of p n r\n");
scanf("%f%f%f",&p,&n,&r);
simple=(p*n*r)/100.0;
printf("simple interest is :%f\n",simple);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter the values of p n r

1000
2
20
simple interest is :400.000000

5.Program to calculate area and perimeter of a circle

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
float r,area,peri;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter any radious");
scanf("%f",&r);
area=3.14*r*r;
peri=2*3.14*r;
printf("\n area is %f",area);
printf("\n perimeter is %f",peri);
getch();
}

RESULT:
enter any radious
5

area is 78.500000
perimeter is 31.400000

6.Program to calculate the area and perimeter of triangle

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>

void main()
{
float a,b,c,s,area,peri;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter the lengths of 3 sides");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
s=(a+b+c)/2;
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
peri=a+b+c;
printf("\n area is %f",area);
 printf("\n perimeter is %f",peri);
getch();
}

RESULT:
enter the lengths of 3 sides 4 5 6
area is 9.921567
perimeter is 15.000000

7.Program to find area and perimeter of a rectangle

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
float l,b,area,peri;
clrscr();
printf("enter the length and breadth
of rectangle\n");
scanf("%f%f",&l,&b);
area=l*b;
peri=2*(l+b);
printf("area is %f\n",area);
printf("perimeter is %f\n",peri);
getch();

RESULT:

enter the length and breadth of rectangle

23.4
43.4
area is 1015.559998
perimeter is 133.600006

II. PROGRAMS TO DEMOSTRATE WORKING OF OPERATORS

8.Program to demonstrate the working of arithmetical operators

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,ans;
clrscr();
printf("enter any two integers");
 scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
ans=a+b;
printf("\n sum is %d",ans);
ans=a-b;
printf("\n difference is %d",ans);
ans=a*b;
printf("\n product is %d",ans);
ans=a/b;
printf("\n quotient is %d",ans);
ans=a%b;
printf("\n remainder is %d",ans);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any two integers10 20

sum is 30
difference is -10
product is 200
quotient is 0
remainder is 10

9.Program to demonstrate the working of increment and decrement

operators

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,ans;
clrscr();
a=2;
printf("\n initial value of a is %d",a);
getch();
a++;
printf("\n after a++ a is %d",a);
getch();
++a;
printf("\n after ++a a is %d",a);
getch();
ans=a++;
printf("\n with ans=a++ a is %d and
ans is %d",a,ans);
ans=++a;
printf("\n with ans=++a a is %d and
 ans is %d",a,ans);
getch();
}

RESULT:

initial value of a is 2
after a++ a is 3
after ++a a is 4
with ans=a++ a is 5 and ans is 4
with ans=++a a is 6 and ans is 6

10.Program to demonstrate the working of increment and decrement operators

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,ans;
clrscr();
a=2;
printf("\n now a is %d",a);
ans=a++ * a++ * ++a;
printf("\n with ans=a++ * a++ * ++a
ans is %d and a is %d",ans,a);
getch();
}

RESULT:

now a is 2
with ans=a++ * a++ * ++a ans is 27 and a is 5

11.Program to find the max of two numbers by using conditional

operators

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,max;
clrscr();
printf("enter any three integers");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
 max=a>b?a:b;
max=max>c?max:c;
printf("max is %d",max);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any three integers19 35 68

max is 68

12.Program to find the max of three integers by using conditional

operator

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,max;
clrscr();
printf("enter any three integers");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
max=a>b?(a>c?a:c):(b>c)?b:c;
printf("max is %d",max);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any three integers 24 76 48

max is 76

13.Program to find the max of three integers by using conditional

operator

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,max;
printf("enter any two integers");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
max=(a>b)?a:b;
printf("max no is %d",max);
getch();
}
RESULT:

enter any two integers 34 76

max no is 76

14.Program to demonstrate the working of relational operators

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b;
clrscr();
printf("enter any two integers");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
printf("\n %d > %d is %d",a,b,a>b);
printf("\n %d >= %d is %d",a,b,a>=b);
printf("\n %d < %d is %d",a,b,a<b);
printf("\n %d <= %d id %d",a,b,a<=b);
printf("\n %d == %d is %d",a,b,a==b);
printf("\n %d != %d is %d",a,b,a!=b);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any two integers24 35

24 > 35 is 0
24 >= 35 is 0
24 < 35 is 1
24 <= 35 is 1
24 == 35 is 0
24 != 35 is 1

15.Program to demonstrate the working of shortcut assignment

operators

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
 clrscr();
printf("enter any integer");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("\n initially a= %d",a);
a+=10;
printf("\n with a+=10 a= %d\t ",a);
a-=20;
printf("\n with a-=20 a= %d",a);
a*=5;
printf("\n with a*=5 a=%d",a);
a/=10;
printf("\n with a/=10 a= %d",a);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any integer2

initially a= 2
with a+=10 a= 12
with a-=20 a= -8
with a*=5 a=-40
with a/=10 a= -4

16.Program to demstrate the working of bitwise operataors

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
unsigned int a,b,ans;
clrscr();
printf("enter any two integers");
scanf("%u%u",&a,&b);
ans=a&b;
printf("\n %u & %u is %u",a,b,ans);
ans=a|b;
printf("\n %u | %u is %u",a,b,ans);
ans=a^b;
printf("\n %u ^ %u is %u",a,b,ans);
ans=~a;
printf("\n ones complement of %u is %u",a,ans);
ans=a>>3;
printf("\n shift right %u with 3 count is %u",a,ans);
 ans=a<<3;
printf("\n shift left %u with 3 count is %u",a,ans);
getch();
}

RESULT:
enter any two integers10 20
10 & 20 is 0
10 | 20 is 30
10 ^ 20 is 30
ones complement of 10 is 65525
shift right 10 with 3 count is 1
shift left 10 with 3 count is 80

17.Program to find whether the numbers is even or odd

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
clrscr();
printf("enter a no\n");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("the no can not be even or odd\n");
if(a%2==0)
printf("the no %d is even",a);
else
printf("the no %d is odd",a);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter a no
23
the no 23 is odd

enter a no
34
the no 34 is even
3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

18.Program to find the greatest of teo numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b;
clrscr();
printf("enter two distinct nos\n");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
if(a>b)
printf("the no %d is greater",a);
else
printf("the no %d is greater",b);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter two nos

24
the no 4 is greater

19.Program to check a year is leap year or not

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int year;
clrscr();
printf("enter the year\n");
scanf("%d",&year);
if(((year%4)==0)&&((year%100)!=0)||((year%400)==0))
printf("the year %d is leap year",year);
else
printf("the year %d is not a leap year",year);
getch();
}
RESULT:

enter the year

1884
the year 1884 is leap year

20.Program to the character ts alphabt or digit or a special

character

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter any character");
scanf("%c",&ch);
if((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')||(ch>= 'A' && ch<= 'Z'))
printf("\n alphabet");
else
if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
printf("\n digit");
else
printf("\n special character");
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any charactera

alphabet
enter any character4

digit
enter any character*

special character

21.Program to check the character is a alphabet or digit or speciak

character using a system defined functions

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter any character");
scanf("%c",&ch);
if( isalpha(ch) )
printf("\n alphabet");
else
if( isdigit(ch) )
printf("\n digit");
else
printf("\n special character");
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any charactera

alphabet
enter any character4

digit
enter any character*

special character

3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:
Program to caluculate the roots of a quadratic equation

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float a,b,c,d,r1,r2,rp,ip;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter a b c values");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
 if(a==0)
printf(" not a QE");
else
{
d=b*b-4*a*c;
if(d>=0)
{
printf("\n roots are real");
r1= (-b +sqrt(d))/(2*a);
r2= (-b -sqrt(d))/(2*a);
printf("\n roots are %f and %f",r1,r2);
}
else
{
printf("\n roots are imaginary");
rp= -b/(2*a);
ip=sqrt(-d)/(2*a);
printf("\n roots are ( %f , %f ) and
( %f , %f )",rp,ip,rp,-ip);
}
}
getch();
}

RESULT:
enter a b c values3 5 2
roots are real
roots are -0.666667 and -1.000000
enter a b c values 1 6 3
roots are real
roots are -0.550510 and -5.449490
enter a b c values4 2 8
roots are imaginary
roots are ( -0.250000 , 1.391941 ) and ( -0.250000 , -1.391941 )

3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:
Program to calculate the total, average and grade of a student

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int m1,m2,m3,tot;
float avg;
 char gr;
clrscr();
printf("enter the marks of 3 subjects\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&m1,&m2,&m3);
tot=m1+m2+m3;
avg=(float)(m1+m2+m3)/3;
if(m1<40 || m2<40 || m3 <40)
gr='F';
else
if(avg<50)
gr='E';
else
if(avg<60)
gr='D';
else
if(avg<70)
gr='C';
else
if(avg<80)
gr='B';
else
gr='A';

printf("\n total = %d",tot);

printf("\n average = %f",avg);
printf("\n Grade = %c",gr);
getch();
}

RESULT:
enter the marks of 3 subjects
89 76 57

total = 222
average = 74.000000
Grade = B

3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:
Program to print the name of the month if number is given

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int mno;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter any month number");
scanf("%d",&mno);
if(mno==1)
printf("\n jan");
else
if(mno==2)
printf("\n feb");
else
if(mno==3)
printf("\n mar");
else
if(mno==4)
printf("\n april");
else
if(mno==5)
printf("\n may");
else
if(mno==6)
printf("\n june");

else
if(mno==7)
printf("\n july");
else
if(mno==8)
printf("\n august");
else
if(mno==9)
printf("\n september");
else
if(mno==10)
printf("\n october");
else
if(mno==11)

printf("\n november");
else
if(mno==12)
printf("\n december");
else
 printf("\n invalid month number");

getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any month number12

december
enter any month number5
may
enter any month number19
invalid month number

3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:
Program to print the month name if numberis given using the
switch case

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int mno;
clrscr();
printf("\n enter any month number");
scanf("%d",&mno);
switch(mno)
{
case 1: printf("\n jan");
break;
case 2: printf("\n feb");
break;
case 3: printf("\n mar");
break;
case 4: printf("\n april");
break;
case 5: printf("\n may");
break;
case 6: printf("\n june");
break;
case 7: printf("\n july");
break;
 case 8: printf("\n august");
break;
case 9: printf("\n september");
break;

case 10: printf("\n october");

break;

case 11: printf("\n november");

break;
case 12: printf("\n december");
break;
default: printf("\n enter correct month number");
}

getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any month number12

december
enter any month number5

may
enter any month number19

invalid month number

 3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS
AIM:
Program to find greatest of three numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf("enter 3 nos\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
if(a>b)
{
if(a>c)
printf("the no %d is greater\n",a);
else
printf("the no %d is greater\n",c);
}
else
if(b>c)
printf("the no %d is greater\n",b);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter 3 nos
3
4
2
the no 4 is greater
 3.PROGRAMS USING IF-ELSE,SWITCH STATEMENTS

AIM:
Program to calculate the tax

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float inc,tax=0.0;
int ch;
clrscr();
printf("enter income \n");
scanf("%f",&inc);
ch=(int)(inc/10000);
switch(ch)
{
case 0:
case 1:
case 2: tax=0;
break;
case 3:
case 4: tax=inc*10/100;
break;
case 5:
case 6: tax=inc*20/100;
break;
default: tax=inc*25/100;
break;
}
printf("tax is %f\n",tax);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter income
54321
tax is 10864.200195
 4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:
Program to find the sum of n natural numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("enter the value of n \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
i=1;
while(i<=n)
{
sum=sum+i;
i++;
}
printf("sum is %d\n",sum);
getch();
}

RESULT:
enter the value of n
150
sum is 11325
 4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS
AIM:
Program to calculate the factorial of a number

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
long fact=1;
clrscr();
printf(“\n enter n integer”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
fact=fact*I;

printf("factorial is %ld\n",fact);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter an integer 5
factorial is 120
 4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:
Program to check whether number is Armstrong number or not

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int n,sum=0,temp,rem;
clrscr();
printf("enter a no \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
temp=n;
while(n!=0)
{
rem=n%10;
sum=sum+(rem*rem*rem);
n=n/10;
}
if(temp==sum)
printf("the no %d is armstrong\n",temp);
else
printf("the no %d is not armstrong\n",temp);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter a no
153
the no 153 is Armstrong
 4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS
AIM:
Program to write the fibonacci series up to a given number

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int n;
int a=0,b=1,c;
clrscr();
printf("enter the n value \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf(“\n %d\t%d\t”,a,b);
c=a+b;
while(c<=n)
{
printf("%d",c);
a=b;
b=c;
c=a+b;
}
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter the n value

8
0 1 1 2 3 5 8
 4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:
Program to print mathematical table

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i;
clrscr();
printf("enter n \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
printf("%d * %d = %d\n",n,i,n*i);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter n
4
4*1=4
4*2=8
4 * 3 = 12
4 * 4 = 16
4 * 5 = 20
4 * 6 = 24
4 * 7 = 28
4 * 8 = 32
4 * 9 = 36
4 * 10 = 40

4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:
Program to print the sinx serises

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float x,sum,term;
int i,n;
clrscr();
printf("enter the no of terms\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the angle in degrees x \n");
scanf("%f",&x);
x=(x*3.14)/180;
sum=x;
term=x;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
term=(term*(-1)*x*x)/((2*i)*(2*i+1));
sum+=term;
}
printf("sin valve of given angle is %f",sum);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter the no of terms

3
enter the angle in degrees x
30
sin valve of given angle is 0.499770
 4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS
AIM:
Program to print the cosx serises

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float x,sum,term;
int i,n;
clrscr();
printf("enter the no of terms\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the angle in degrees x \n");
scanf("%f",&x);
x=(x*3.14)/180;
sum=1;
term=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
term=(term*(-1)*x*x)/((2*i)*(2*i-1));
sum+=term;
}
printf("cos valve of given angle is %f",sum);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter the no of terms

3
enter the angle in degrees x
30
cos valve of given angle is 0.866158

4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:
Program to find the sum of digits of a number

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int n,temp,rem,ans=0;
clrscr();
printf("enter a no \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
temp=n;
while(n!=0)
{
rem=n%10;
ans+=rem;
n=n/10;
}
printf("the sum of digits of %d is %d\n",temp,ans);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter a no
234
the sum of digits of 234 is 9
 4. PROGRAMS USING WHILE, DO-WHILE, FOR LOOPS

AIM:
Program to check given number is palindrome or not

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int n,rev=0,temp,rem;
clrscr();
printf("enter a no \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
temp=n;
while(n!=0)
{
rem=n%10;
rev=rev*10+rem;
n=n/10;
}
if(temp==rev)
printf("the no %d is a palindrome\n",temp);
else
printf("the no %d is not a palindrome\n",temp);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter a no
121
the no 121 is a palindrome
 5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS
AIM:
Program to find sum ao all elements in array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,n,sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
sum += a[i];
printf("The sum of all elements is %d\n",sum);
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter array size

6
Enter any 6 elements
98 23 45 67 12 90
The sum of all elements is 335
 5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS
AIM:
Program to find max andd min number in an array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,n,min,max;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
min = a[1];
max = a[1];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(a[i]<min)
min = a[i];
if(a[i]>max)
max = a[i];
}
printf("Minimum is %d\nMaximum is %d\n",min,max);
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter array size

6
Enter any 6 elements
78 34 54 12 30 125
Minimum is 12
Maximum is 125

5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM:
Program to reverse the array elements

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,n,temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
for(i=0;i<n/2;i++)
{
temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[n-1-i];
a[n-1-i] = temp;
}
printf("The array elements after reversing are:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%4d",a[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter array size

5
Enter any 5 elements
1 2 3 4 5
The array elements after reversing are:
5 4 3 2 1
 5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS
AIM:
Program to perform linear search

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,n,x,xloc = -1;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("Enter the element you want to search for\n");
scanf("%d",&x);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(a[i]==x)
{
xloc=i;
break;
}
}
if(xloc==-1)
printf("%d is not found in the array\n",x);
else
printf("%d is found at location %d\n",x,xloc);
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter array size

6
Enter any 6 elements
78 45 67 23 14 49
Enter the element you want to search for
23
23 is found at location 3
Enter array size
5
Enter any 5 elements
1 2 34 5 6
Enter the element you want to search for
89
89 is not found in the array
 5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS
AIM:
Program to perform binary search

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,n,x,xloc = -1,low,high,mid;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements in the sorted order\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("Enter the element you want to search for\n");
scanf("%d",&x);
low = 0;high = n-1;
while(low<=high)
{
mid = (low+high)/2;
if(a[mid]==x)
{
xloc=mid;
break;
}
else if(x<a[mid])
high = mid - 1;
else
low = mid + 1;
}

if(xloc==-1)
printf("%d is not found in the array\n",x);
else
printf("%d is found at location %d\n",x,xloc);
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter array size

6
Enter any 6 elements
78 45 67 23 14 49
Enter the element you want to search for
23
23 is found at location 3

Enter array size

5
Enter any 5 elements
1 2 34 5 6
Enter the element you want to search for
89
89 is not found in the array

5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM:
Program to perform bubble sort

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,j,n,temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
{ for(j=0;j<n-i;j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
temp = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = temp;
}

}
}
printf("After sorting, the element are\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%4d",a[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter array size

6
Enter any 6 elements
78 95 62 30 12 39
After sorting, the element are
12 30 39 62 78 95
5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS
AIM:
Progrtam to perform selection sort

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,j,n,temp,maxloc,k;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{ maxloc = 0;
for(j=0;j<=(n-1-i);j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[maxloc])
maxloc = j;
}
temp = a[n-1-i];
a[n-1-i] = a[maxloc];
a[maxloc] = temp;

}
printf("After sorting, the element are\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%4d",a[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:
Enter array size
6
Enter any 6 elements
78 95 62 30 12 39
After sorting, the element are
12 30 39 62 78 95
 5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS
AIM:
Program to read and print a matrix elements

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5],i,j,n,m;
clrscr();
printf("Enter matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter matrix elements\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("\nThe Matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%4d",a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter matrix size

2
3
Enter matrix elements
1
2
3
4
5
6

The Matrix is
1 2 3
4 5 6

5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM:
 Program to perform transepose of a matrix

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5],i,j,n,m,temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter matrix elements\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("\nThe Matrix is\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%4d",a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
temp = a[i][j];
a[i][j] = a[j][i];
a[j][i] = temp;
}
}

printf("\nThe Matrix after transpose,is\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
printf("%4d",a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter matrix size

2
3
Enter matrix elements
1
2
3
4
5
6

The Matrix is
1 2 3
4 5 6

The Matrix after transpose,is

1 4
2 5
3 6
5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM:
Program to add two matrices

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,n,m,p,q;
clrscr();
printf("Enter first matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter second matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);

if(m!=p || n!=q)
printf("Size mismatch, Addition is not possible\n");
else
{
printf("Enter first matrix elements\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("Enter second matrix elements\n");

for(i=0;i<p;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
 scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
printf("\nAddition of two Matrices is\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%4d",c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter first matrix size

2
3
Enter second matrix size
2
3
Enter first matrix elements
1
2
3
4
5
6

Enter second matrix elements

6
5
4
3
2
1

Addition of two Matrices is

 7 7 7
7 7 7

Enter first matrix size

2
3

Enter second matrix size

4
3

Size mismatch, Addition is not possible

5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM:
Program to multiply two matrices

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,k,n,m,p,q;
clrscr();
printf("Enter first matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter second matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);
if(n!=p)
printf("Not compatible, Multiplication is not possible\n");
else
{
printf("Enter first matrix elements\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("Enter second matrix elements\n");

for(i=0;i<p;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
printf("\nProduct of two Matrices is\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{ c[i][j] = 0;
 for(k=0;k<n;k++)
c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
printf("%4d",c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter first matrix size

2
3
Enter second matrix size
4
3
Not compatible, Multiplication is not possible
Enter first matrix size
2
3

Enter second matrix size

3
1

Enter first matrix elements

1
2
3
4
5
6

Enter second matrix elements

1
2
3
Product of two Matrices is
14
32

5. PROGRAMS USING ARRAYS

AIM:
Program to count occurrences of charaters and special
characters

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
char ch,str[80];
int i,nl,nt,nd,nc,ns;
nl = nt = nd = ns = nc = 0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a character string,to stop enter EOF \n");
i=0;
while((ch=getchar())!=EOF)
{
str[i] = ch;
i++;
}
str[i] = '\0';
printf("\nThe entered string is\n %s",str);
for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++)
{
if(str[i]=='\n')
nl++;
else if(str[i]==' ')
ns++;
else if(str[i]=='\t')
nt++; else if(str[i]>='0' && str[i]<='9')
nd++;
else
nc++;
}
printf("\nNo. of characters = %d\n",nc);
printf("No. of digits = %d\n",nd);
printf("No. of newlines = %d\n",nl);
printf("No. of tabs = %d\n",nt);
printf("No. of spaces = %d\n",ns);

getch();
return 0;
}

RESULT:

Enter a character string,to stop enter EOF

43u04 jrir

59jgiogfg jhvcvsopf

wrkjrr23-054328324
^Z

The entered string is

43u04 jrir

59jgiogfg jhvcvsopf

wrkjrr23-054328324

No. of characters = 28
No. of digits = 17
No. of newlines = 5
No. of tabs = 7
No. of spaces = 3

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to calculate factorial of an integer

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
long ans,fact(int n);
clrscr();
printf("Enter an integer\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
ans = fact(n);
printf("Factorial of %d is %ld\n",n,ans);
getch();
return 0;
}

long fact(int n)
{
int i;
long product=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
product *= i;
return product;
}

RESULT:

Enter an integer
10
Factorial of 10 is 3628800
Enter an integer
5
Factorial of 5 is 120
 6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
AIM:
Program to calculate ncr and npr

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n,r;
long ans;
long fact(int n);
clrscr();
printf("Enter n and r values\n");
scanf("%d%d",&n,&r);
printf("%dC%d is %d\n",n,r,ncr(n,r));
printf("%dP%d is %d\n",n,r,npr(n,r));
getch();
return 0;
}

long fact(int n)
{
int i;
long product=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
product *= i;
return product;
}
int ncr(int n,int r)
{
return fact(n)/(fact(n-r)*fact(r));
}
int npr(int n,int r)
{
return fact(n)/fact(n-r);
}

RESULT:
Enter n and r values
10
3
10C3 is 120
10P3 is 720

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
 Program to calculate factorial of an integer

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
long ans;
long fact(int n);
clrscr();
printf("Enter an integer\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
ans = fact(n);
printf("Factorial of %d is %ld\n",n,ans);
getch();
return 0;
}

long fact(int n)
{
if(n<=1)
return 1;
else
return n*fact(n-1);
}

RESULT:
Enter an integer
10
Factorial of 10 is 3628800

Enter an integer
5
Factorial of 5 is 120

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to print prime numbers in the given range

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int m,n;
void primerange(int,int);
clrscr();
printf("Enter the range\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("The prime numbers in the given range are\n");
primerange(m,n);
getch();
return 0;
}

void primerange(int m,int n)

{
int i,j;
for(i=m;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=2;j<i;j++)
{
if(i % j == 0)
break;
}
if(i==j)
printf("%d\n",i);
}
}

RESULT:

Enter the range

1
50
The prime numbers in the given range are
2
3
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
29
31
37
41
43
47
 6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
AIM:
Program to print Armstrong numbers in the given range

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int m,n;
void armrange(int,int);
clrscr();
printf("Enter the range\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("The armstrong numbers in the given range are\n");
armrange(m,n);
getch();
return 0;
}
void armrange(int m,int n)
{
int i,j,sum,rem,num;
for(i=m;i<=n;i++)
{
sum=0;
num = i;
while(num != 0)
{ rem = num % 10;
num = num / 10;
sum +=pow(rem,3);
}
if(i==sum)
printf("%d\n",i);
}
}

RESULT:
Enter the range
1
1000
The armstrong numbers in the given range are
1
153
370
371
407
 6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
AIM:
Program to swap two integers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int m,n;
void swap(int*,int*);
clrscr();
printf("Enter any two integers\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("The integers before swapping: m= %d, n = %d\n",m,n);
swap(&m,&n);
printf("The integers after swapping: m = %d,n = %d\n",m,n);
getch();
return 0;
}

void swap(int *m,int *n)

{
int temp;
temp = *m;
*m = *n;
*n = temp;
}

RESULT:

Enter any two integers

20
30
The integers before swapping: m= 20, n = 30
The integers after swapping: m = 30,n = 20

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to print fibonacci series up to a given number

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
void fibseries(int);
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("The fibonacci series upto %d\n",n);
fibseries(n);
getch();
return 0;
}

void fibseries(int n)
{
int fib1=0,fib2=1,fib3=1;
printf("%d\n%d\n",fib1,fib2);
while(fib3<=n)
{
printf("%d\n",fib3);
fib1 = fib2;
fib2 = fib3;
fib3 = fib1 + fib2;
}
}
RESULT:
Enter the number
20
The fibonacci series upto 20
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to print nth fibonacci number

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
int fib(int);
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("The %dth fibonacci number = %d\n",n,fib(n));
getch();
return 0;
}

int fib(int n)
{
if(n==1)
return 0;
else if(n==2)
return 1;
else
return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2);
}

RESULT:

Enter the number

5
The 5th fibonacci number = 3

Enter the number

20
The 20th fibonacci number = 4181

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to find GCD of two numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int m,n;
int gcd(int,int);
clrscr();
printf("Enter any two integers\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("The GCD of %d and %d is = %d\n",m,n,gcd(m,n));
getch();
return 0;
}

int gcd(int m,int n)

{
if(n==0)
return m;
else
return gcd(n,m%n);

RESULT:
Enter any two integers
125
36
The GCD of 125 and 36 is = 1

Enter any two integers

24
8
The GCD of 24 and 8 is = 8
6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
AIM:
Program to find sum of all elements in an array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("The sum of all elements is %d\n",arraysum(a,n));
getch();
return 0;
}
int arraysum(int a[],int n)
{
int i,sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
sum += a[i];
return sum;
}
RESULT:

Enter array size

6
Enter any 6 elements
98
23
45
67
12
90
The sum of all elements is 335

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to perform bubble sort using function

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[20],i,n;
void bubblesort(int [],int);
clrscr();
printf("Enter array size\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d elements\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
bubblesort(a,n);
printf("After sorting, the elements are\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%4d",a[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}

void bubblesort(int a[],int n)

{
int i,j,temp;
for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
{ for(j=0;j<n-i;j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
 temp = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = temp;
}

}
}
}
RESULT:

Enter array size

6
Enter any 6 elements
78
95
62
30
12
39
After sorting, the element are
12 30 39 62 78 95

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to multiply two numbers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],i,j,k,n,m,p,q;
void matrixmul();
clrscr();
printf("Enter first matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter second matrix size\n");
scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);
if(n!=p)
printf("Not compatible, Multiplication is not possible\n");
else
{
printf("Enter first matrix elements\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("Enter second matrix elements\n");

for(i=0;i<p;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
matrixmul(a,b,c,m,n,q);
printf("\nProduct of two Matrices is\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
printf("%4d",c[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

void matrixmul(int a[][5],int b[][5],int c[][5],int m,int n,int q)

{
int i,j,k;
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{ c[i][j] = 0;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
}
}

RESULT:
Enter first matrix size
2
3
Enter second matrix size
4
3

Not compatible, Multiplication is not possible

Enter first matrix size
2
3
Enter second matrix size
3
1
Enter first matrix elements
1
2
3
4
5
6
Enter second matrix elements
1
2
3

Product of two Matrices is

14
32
6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
AIM:
Program to reverse the contents of the given string

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void str_rev(char *s)

{
int i,j;
char temp;
i=0;
j=0;
while(s[j+1]!='\0')
j++;
while(i<j)
{
temp=s[i];
s[i]=s[j];
s[j]=temp;
i++;
j--;
}
}

void main()
{
char a[20];
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
str_rev(a);
printf("reverse string is %s",a);
getch();
}

RESULT:
enter any string vasavi
reverse string is ivasav
6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
AIM:
Program to find the length of the given string by using user defined
function

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int str_len(char *s)

{
int i;
i=0;
while(s[i] !='\0')
i++;
return (i);
}

void main()
{
char a[20];
int ans;
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
ans=str_len(a);
printf("\n length of %s is %d",a,ans);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any string bala krishna

length of bala krishna is 14

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to copy the contents of the given string to anpther by
susing user defined function
 #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void str_copy(char *d,char *s)

{
int i;
i=0;
while(s[i]!='\0')
{
d[i]=s[i];
i++;
}
d[i]='\0';
return;
}

void main()
{
char a[20],b[20];
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
str_copy(b,a);
printf("\n destination string is %s ",b);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any string vasavi

destination string is vasavi

6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS

AIM:
Program to append the contents of the given string to another by
using user defined function

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void str_cat(char *d,char *s)

{
int i,j;
i=0;
 while(d[i]!='\0')
i++;
j=0;
while(s[j]!='\0')
{
d[i]=s[j];
i++;
j++;
}
d[i]='\0';
return;
}

void main()
{
char a[20],b[20];
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
printf("enter another string");
gets(b);
str_cat(b,a);
printf("\n destination string is %s ",b);
getch();
}
RESULT:
enter any string vasavi
enter another stringcollege
destination string is college vasavi
 6. PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
AIM:
Program to compare the contents of given two strings by using user
defined functions
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int str_cmp(char *a, char *b)

{
int i=0;
while(a[i]!='\0' && b[i]!='\0')
{
if(a[i]!=b[i])
return (a[i]-b[i]);
i++;
}
return(a[i]-b[i]);
}

void main()
{
char a[20],b[20];
int ans;
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
printf("enter another string");
gets(b);
ans=str_cmp(a,b);
printf("\n the difference between %s and
%s is %d",a,b,ans);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any string rama

enter another string krishna

the difference between rama and krishna is 7

7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS

AIM:
Program to reverse the ontents of the given string by using user
defined functions with pointers
 #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void str_rev(char *s)

{
char *p,*q;
char temp;
p=s;
q=s;
while(*(q+1) !='\0')
q++;
while(p<q)
{
temp=*p;
*p=*q;
*q=temp;
p++;
q--;
}
}

void main()
{
char a[20];
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
str_rev(a);
printf("reverse string is %s",a);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any string ramana

reverse string is anamar
 7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS
AIM:
Program to find the length of the given string by using user defined
functions with pointers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int str_len(char *s)

{
char *p;
p=s;
while(*p !='\0')
p++;
return (p-s);
}

void main()
{
char a[20];
int ans;
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
ans=str_len(a);
printf("\n length of %s is %d",a,ans);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any string bala krishna

length of bala krishna is 14

7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS

AIM:
Program to copy the contents of the given string to another by
using user defined functions with pointers

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
 void str_copy(char *d,char *s)
{
char *p,*q;
p=s;
q=d;
while(*p !='\0')
{
*q = *p;
p++;
q++;
}
*q ='\0';
return;
}

void main()
{
char a[20],b[20];
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
str_copy(b,a);
printf("\n destination string is %s ",b);
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter any string vasavi

destination string is vasavi

 7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS
AIM:
Program to append the contents of the given string to another by
using user defined function

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void str_cat(char *d,char *s)

{
char *p,*q;
p=s; q=d;
while(*q!='\0')
q++;

while(*p !='\0')
{
*q=*p;
p++;
q++;
}
*q ='\0';
return;
}
void main()
{
char a[20],b[20];
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
printf("enter another string");
gets(b);
str_cat(b,a);
printf("\n destination string is %s ",b);
getch();
}
RESULT:

enter any string abcd

enter another stringpqrs

destination string is pqrs abcd

 7. PROGRAMS USING POINTERS
AIM:
Program to compare the contents of given two strings by using user
defined functions

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int str_cmp(char *a, char *b)
{
char *p,*q;
p=a;
q=b;
while(*p !='\0' && *q!='\0')
{
if(*p != *q)
return (*p - *q);
p++;
q++;
}
return(*p - *q);
}
void main()
{
char a[20],b[20];
int ans;
clrscr();
printf("enter any string");
gets(a);
printf("enter another string");
gets(b);
ans=str_cmp(a,b);
printf("\n the difference between %s and
%s is %d",a,b,ans);
getch();
}
RESULT:

enter any stringrama

enter another stringramana
the difference between rama and ramana is -110
 8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS
AIM:
Proram to abbreviate the contens of the given string

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

main()
{
char s[100];
int i;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter a String\n");
gets(s);
i=0;
while(s[i]== ' ')
i++;
putchar(s[i]);
putchar(' ');
while(s[i]!='\0')
{
if(s[i]==' ' && s[i+1] != ' ')
{
putchar(s[i+1]);
putchar(' ');
}
i++;
}
getch();
}

RESULT:

enter a string Vasavi College Engg

VCE

8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS

AIM:
Program to erform the arithmetical operations on rational numbers
using structures
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct rational
{
int nr;
int dr;
};

main( )
{
struct rational r1,r2,ans;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number");
scanf("%d%d",&r1.nr,&r1.dr);
printf("\n Enter NR and DR of second rational number");
scanf("%d%d",&r2.nr,&r2.dr);

/* Addition*/
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr + r1.dr* r2.nr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr;
printf("\n Sum is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* substraction*/
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr - r1.dr* r2.nr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr;
printf("\n Difference is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* Multiplication*/
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.nr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr;
printf("\n product is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* Division*/
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.nr;
printf("\n division RESULT: is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

getch();
}

RESULT:
 Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number
23

Enter NR and DR of second rational number

14

Sum is 11 / 12
Difference is 5 / 12
product is 2 / 12
division RESULT: is 8 / 3

8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS

AIM:
Program to perform the arithmetical operations on complex
numbers using structures

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct complex
{
float rp;
float ip;
};

main()
{
struct complex c1,c2,ans;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter RP and IP of first complex number");
scanf("%f%f",&c1.rp,&c1.ip);
printf("\n Enter RP and IP of second complex number");
scanf("%f%f",&c2.rp,&c2.ip);
/* addition*/
ans.rp= c1.rp + c2.rp;
ans.ip= c1.ip + c2.ip;
printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip);
/* Substraction*/
ans.rp= c1.rp - c2.rp;
ans.ip= c1.ip - c2.ip;
printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip);
getch();
}

RESULT:
 Enter RP and IP of first complex number
12

Enter RP and IP of second complex number

34
Sum is ( 4.000000 , 6.000000 ) Sum is ( -2.000000 , -2.000000 )

8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS

AIM:
Program to perform the arithmetical operations on rational numbers
by using structures and functions

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct rational
{
int nr;
int dr;
};
typedef struct rational rat;

rat sum( rat r1, rat r2)

{
rat ans;
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr + r1.dr* r2.nr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr;
return ans;
}

rat sub( rat r1, rat r2)

{
rat ans;
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr - r1.dr* r2.nr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr;
return ans;
}

rat mul( rat r1, rat r2)

{
rat ans;
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.nr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.dr;
return ans;
}
rat div( rat r1, rat r2)
{
 rat ans;
ans.nr=r1.nr*r2.dr;
ans.dr= r1.dr* r2.nr;
return ans;
}

main()
{

rat r1,r2,ans;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number");
scanf("%d%d",&r1.nr,&r1.dr);
printf("\n Enter NR and DR of second rational number");
scanf("%d%d",&r2.nr,&r2.dr);

/* Addition*/
ans=sum(r1,r2);
printf("\n sum is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* substraction*/
ans=sub(r1,r2);
printf("\n Difference is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* Multiplication*/
ans=mul(r1,r2);
printf("\n product is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

/* Division*/
ans=div(r1,r2);
printf("\n division RESULT: is %d / %d",ans.nr,ans.dr);

getch();
}

RESULT:

Enter NR and DR of firtst rational number

12

Enter NR and DR of second rational number

3
4
sum is 10 / 8
Difference is -2 / 8
product is 3 / 8
division RESULT: is 4 / 6

8.PROGRAMS USING STRINGS

AIM:
Program to perform arithmetical operations on complex numbers by
usinmg structures and functions

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct complex
{
float rp;
float ip;
};
typedef struct complex comp;

comp sum ( comp c1, comp c2)

{
comp ans;
ans.rp= c1.rp + c2.rp;
ans.ip= c1.ip + c2.ip;
return ans;
}

comp sub ( comp c1, comp c2)

{
comp ans;
ans.rp= c1.rp - c2.rp;
ans.ip= c1.ip - c2.ip;
return ans;
}

main()
{
struct complex c1,c2,ans;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter RP and IP of first complex number");
scanf("%f%f",&c1.rp,&c1.ip);
printf("\n Enter RP and IP of second complex number");
scanf("%f%f",&c2.rp,&c2.ip);

/* addition*/
ans=sum(c1,c2);
printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip);
 /* Substraction*/
ans=sub(c1,c2);
printf(" Sum is ( %f , %f )",ans.rp, ans.ip);

getch();
}

RESULT:

Enter RP and IP of first complex number

12

Enter RP and IP of second complex number

34
Sum is ( 4.000000 , 6.000000 ) Sum is ( -2.000000 , -2.000000 )
 9.PROGRAMS USING STRUCTURES & UNIONS
AIM:
Program to generate student records with total and average by
taking 3 subjects marks as input

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct student
{
int sno;
char name[20];
int m1,m2,m3;
int tot;
float avg;
};

main()
{
struct student s[10];
int n,i;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter no of students");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n Enter no name and marks of 3 subjects of
%d students",n);
for(i=0;i<n ; i++)
{
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&s[i].sno);
fflush(stdin);
gets(s[i].name);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d%d%d",&s[i].m1,&s[i].m2,&s[i].m3);
if(i<n-1)
printf("\n next student\n \n");
}

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].tot=s[i].m1+ s[i].m2 +s[i].m3;
s[i].avg=(float)s[i].tot/3;
}
printf("\n STUDENT REPORTS ARE\n\n\n");

for( i=0; i<n ; i++)

 {

printf("\n \n \n");
printf("\n ROLL NO = %d",s[i].sno);
printf("\n NAME = %s",s[i].name);
printf("\n TOTAL = %d",s[i].tot);
printf("\n AVERAGE = %f",s[i].avg);
}
getch();
}

RESULT:

STUDENT REPORTS ARE

ROLL NO = 1001
NAME = rama
TOTAL = 265
AVERAGE = 88.333336

ROLL NO = 1002
NAME = krishna
TOTAL = 247
AVERAGE = 82.333336

ROLL NO = 1003
NAME = ranga
TOTAL = 190
AVERAGE = 63.333332

9.PROGRAMS USING STRUCTURES & UNIONS

AIM:
Program to calculate the total, average of a given student using
pointers to tructures

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct student
{
int sno;
char name[20];
 int m1,m2,m3;
int tot;
float avg;
};

main()
{
struct student s,*p;
clrscr();
p=&s;
printf("\n Enter no name and marks of 3 subjects
of a student\n");
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d",&p->sno);
fflush(stdin);
gets(p->name);
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%d%d%d",&p->m1,&p->m2,&p->m3);

p->tot=p->m1+ p->m2 +p->m3;

p->avg=(float)p->tot/3;

printf("\n STUDENT REPORT IS\n\n");

printf("\n ROLL NO = %d",p->sno);

printf("\n NAME = %s",p->name);
printf("\n TOTAL = %d",p->tot);
printf("\n AVERAGE = %f",p->avg);

getch();
}

RESULT:

Enter no name and marks of 3 subjects of a student

1001
rama
90 89 87

STUDENT REPORT IS
ROLL NO = 1001
NAME = rama
TOTAL = 266
AVERAGE = 88.666664
 9.PROGRAMS USING STRUCTURES & UNIONS
AIM:
Program toprint tomorrows date if today’s darte is given

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct date
{
int dd;
int mm;
int yy;
};
void tommorrow( struct date *p)
{
int month[]={ 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
if((p->yy % 4 == 0 && p->yy % 100 != 0) ||
(p->yy % 400 == 0))
month[1]=29;
if(p->dd<1 || p->dd > month[p->mm - 1] ||
p->mm < 1 || p->mm > 12 || p->yy < 0)
printf("\n Invalid date");
else
{
p->dd++;
if(p->dd > month[p->mm - 1])
{
p->dd=1;
p->mm++;
if(p->mm >12)
{
p->mm=1;
p->yy++;
}
}
}
}

main()
{
struct date d,*p=&d;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter today date");
scanf("%d%d%d",&p->dd,&p->mm,&p->yy);
tommorrow(p);
getch();
}
RESULT:

Enter today date

125 2007

10. Programs using Files

AIM:
Program to create a file

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
clrscr();
fp = fopen("text.dat","w");
printf("Enter text ,to stop press Ctrl-Z\n");
while((ch=getchar())!=EOF)
{
fputc(ch,fp);
}
fclose(fp);

}
RESULT:

Enter text ,to stop press Ctrl-Z

This is my first program in C
language to create a file.
Bye.
To see the contents of this file
open text.dat in any
editor program.
^Z
File Saved on disk

text.dat:
This is my first program in C
language to create a file.
Bye.
To see the contents of this file
open text.dat in any
editor program.
 10. PROGRAMS USING FILES
AIM:
Program to print the contens of the file on the monitor

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
clrscr();
fp = fopen("text.dat","r");
if(fp==NULL)
printf("No such file\n");
else
{
printf("File contents are:\n");
while(!feof(fp))
{
ch = fgetc(fp);
putchar(ch);
}
fclose(fp);
}
getch();
}

RESULT:

Given text.dat
File contents are:
This is my first program
in C to create a file with some text.
Bye
To see the contents of the file open text.dat
in any editor.

Given example.dat
No such file

10. PROGRAMS USING FILES

AIM:
Program to copy one file in to another
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
clrscr();
fp = fopen("example.dat","r");
if(fp==NULL)
printf("No such file\n");
else
{
printf("File contents are:\n");
while(!feof(fp))
{
ch = fgetc(fp);
putchar(ch);
}
fclose(fp);
}
getch();
}

RESULT:

source file: text.dat

destination file: example.dat
file copied
 10. PROGRAMS USING FILES
AIM:
Program to create a file of students records

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
int marks;
};
void main()
{
int i,n;
struct student s;
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
printf("How many records you want to store in the file\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter any %d student records\n",n);
printf("For each record enter rollnumber,name and marks\n");
fp = fopen("student.dat","wb");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("enter record\n");
scanf("%d",&s.rno);
fflush(stdin);
gets(s.name);
scanf("%d",&s.marks);
fwrite(&s,sizeof(s),1,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
printf("file created\n");
getch();
}

RESULT:

How many records you want to store in the file

2
Enter any 2 student records
For each record enter rollnumber,name and marks
enter record
100
rama rao
600
enter record
200
sita kumari
500
file created

10. PROGRAMS USING FILES

AIM:
Program to display student records by reading from a file

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
int marks;
};
void main()
{
int i,n;
struct student s;
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
fp = fopen("student.dat","rb");
while(fread(&s,sizeof(s),1,fp)==1)
{
printf("%d\t%s\t%d\n",s.rno,s.name,s.marks);
}
fclose(fp);
getch();
}

RESULT:

100 rama rao 600

200 sita kumari 500
 11. Simple C++ Programs
AIM:
Program to print average of two numbers
#include<iostream.h>
int main()
{
float n1,n2,sum,avg;
cout<<"enter two numbers";
cin>>n1;
cin>>n2;
sum=n1+n2;
avg=sum/2;
cout<<"sum= "<<sum<<"\n";
cout<<"Average ="<<avg<<"\n";
return 0;
}

Result:

input: 10 20

30 15
 11. Simple C++ Programs

AIM:
Program to demonstrate scope resolution operator

#include<iostream.h>
int m=10;
int main()
{
int m=20;
{
int k=m;
int m=30;
cout<<"we are in inner block";
cout<<"k= "<<k<<"\n";
cout<<"m= "<<m<<"\n";
cout<<"::m= "<<::m<<"\n";
}
cout<<"we are in outer block";
cout<<"m= "<<m<<"\n";
cout<<"::m= "<<::m<<"\n";

return 0;
}

Result:

we are in inner block 20 30 10

we are in outer block 20 10

 11. Simple C++ Programs
AIM:
Program to demonstrate multiple and division operation using
inline functions

#include<iostream.h>
inline float mul(float x,float y)
{
return(x*y);
}
inline float div(float x,float y)
{
return(x/y);
}
int main()
{
float a=12.34;
float b=9.82;
cout<<mul(a,b)<<"\n";
cout<<div(a,b)<<"\n";

return 0;
}

Result:

121.17,1.25
 11. Simple C++ Programs
AIM:
Program to calculate of volume of cube, cylinder, rectangular box
using Function overloading

// function overloading
#include<iostream.h>
int volume(int);
double volume(double,int);
long volume(long,int,int);
int main()
{
cout<<volume(10)<<"\n";
cout<<volume(2.5,8)<<endl;
cout<<volume(100l,75,15)<<"\n";
}
int volume(int s)
{
return(s*s*s);
}
double volume(double r,int h)
{
return(3.14*r*r*h);
}
long volume(long l,int b,int h)
{
return(l*b*h);
}

Result:

Output: 1000,157,112500
 11. Simple C++ Programs

AIM:
Program to find maximum number using function template
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template<class T>
T maximum(T a,T b,T c)
{
T m=a;
if(b>m)
m=b;
if(c>m)
m=c;
return m;
}
int main()
{
int i1,i2,i3;
clrscr();
cout<<"enter i1,i2,i3";
cin>>i1>>i2>>i3;
cout<<maximum(i1,i2,i3)<<"\n";
float f1,f2,f3;
cout<<"enter f1,f2,f3";
cin>>f1>>f2>>f3;
cout<<maximum(f1,f2,f3)<<endl;
char c1,c2,c3;
cout<<"enter c1,c2,c3";
cin>>c1>>c2>>c3;
cout<<maximum(c1,c2,c3)<<"\n";
return 0;
}

Result:
input:10 20 30
output:30
input:3.2 4.6 2.4
output:4.6
input:a w c
output:w
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to demonstrate classes objects

#include<iostream.h>
class item
{
int number;
float cost;
public:
void getdata(int a,float b);
void putdata(void)
{
cout<<"number:"<<number<<"\n";
cout<<"cost:"<<cost<<endl;
}
};
void item :: getdata(int a,float b)
{
number=a;
cost=b;
}
int main()
{
item x;
cout<<"\n object x"<<"\n";
x.getdata(100,299.95);
x.putdata();
item y;
cout<<"\n object y"<<"\n";
y.getdata(200,175.50);
y.putdata();
return 0;
}

Result:

100 299.95
200 175.50
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to show the working of static data members

#include<iostream.h>
class item
{
static int count;
int number;
public:
void getdata(int a)
{
number=a;
count++;
}
void getcount(void)
{
cout<<"count: ";
cout<<count<<"\n";
}
};
int item :: count;
int main()
{
item a,b,c;
a.getcount();
b.getcount();
c.getcount();
a.getdata(100);
b.getdata(200);
c.getdata(300);
cout<<" after reading data\n";
a.getcount();
b.getcount();
c.getcount();
return 0;
}
Results:

0,0,0
3,3,3
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of static member function

#include<iostream.h>
class test
{
int code;
static int count;
public:
void setcode(void)
{
code=++count;
}
void showcode(void)
{
cout<<"object number:"<<code<<"\n";
}
static void showcount(void)
{
cout<<"count:"<<count<<"\n";
}
};
int test :: count;
int main()
{
test t1,t2;
t1.setcode();
t2.setcode();
test::showcount();
test t3;
t3.setcode();
test::showcount();
t1.showcode();
t2.showcode();
t3.showcode();
return 0;
}
Result:

1,2,3
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working friend functions

#include<iostream.h>
class ABC;
class XYZ
{
int x;
public:
void setvalue(int i){x=i;}
friend void max(XYZ,ABC);
};
class ABC
{
int a;
public:
void setvalue(int i){a=i;}
friend void max(XYZ,ABC);
};
void max(XYZ m,ABC n)
{
if(m.x>=n.a)
cout<<m.x;
else
cout<<n.a;
}
int main()
{
ABC abc;
abc.setvalue(10);
XYZ xyz;
xyz.setvalue(20);
max(xyz,abc);
return 0;
}

Result:

20
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to calculate addition of two complex numbers using friend
function

#include<iostream.h>
class complex
{
float x,y;
public:
void input(float real,float imag)
{
x=real;
y=imag;
}
friend complex sum(complex,complex);
void show(complex);
};
complex sum(complex c1,complex c2)
{
complex c3;
c3.x=c1.x+c2.x;
c3.y=c1.y+c2.y;
return(c3);
}
void complex::show(complex c)
{
cout<<c.x<<"+i"<<c.y<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
complex A,B,C;
A.input(3.1,5.65);
B.input(2.75,1.2);
C=sum(A,B);
cout<<"A=";A.show(A);
cout<<"B = ";B.show(B);
cout<<"c=";C.show(C);
return 0;
}
Result:

5.85+i6.85
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to calculate addition of two complex numbers using copy
constructors and friend function

#include<iostream.h>
class complex
{
float x,y;
public:
complex(){}
complex(float a){x=y=a;}
complex(float real,float imag)
{x=real;y=imag;}
friend complex sum(complex,complex);
friend void show(complex);
};
complex sum(complex c1,complex c2)
{
complex c3;
c3.x=c1.x+c2.x;
c3.y=c1.y+c2.y;
return(c3);
}
void show(complex c)
{
cout<<c.x<<"+i"<<c.y<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
complex A(2.7,3.5);
complex B(1.6);
complex C;
C=sum(A,B);
cout<<"A=";show(A);
cout<<"B=";show(B);
cout<<"C=";show(C);
complex p,q,r;
p=complex(2.5,3.9);
q=complex(1.6,2.5);
r=sum(p,q);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"p=";show(p);
cout<<"q=";show(q);
 cout<<"r=";show(r);
return 0;
}

Result:

4.3+i5.1,4.1+i6.4
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of constructors
#include<iostream.h>
class code
{
int id;
public:
code(){}
code(int a) { id=a;}
code(code & x)
{
id=x.id;
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<id;
}
};
int main()
{
code A(100);
code B(A);
code C=A;
code D;
D=A;
cout<<"\n id of A:";A.display();
cout<<"\n id of B:";B.display();
cout<<"\n id of C:";C.display();
cout<<"\n id of D:";D.display();
return 0;
}

Result:
100,100,100,100

12. Program using classes and objects

AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of string operations
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>

class String
{
char *name;
int length;
public:
String()
{
length=0;
name=new char[length+1];
}
String(char *s)
{
length=strlen(s);
name=new char[length+1];
strcpy(name,s);
}
void display(void)
{ cout<< name <<"\n";}
void join(String &a,String &b);
};
void String::join(String &a,String &b)
{
length=a.length+b.length;
delete name;
name=new char[length+1];
strcpy(name,a.name);
strcat(name,b.name);
};
int main()
{
char *first="Ravi";
String name1(first),name2("Prasad"),name3("rajesh"),s1,s2;
s1.join(name1,name2);
s2.join(s1,name3);
name1.display();
name2.display();
name3.display();
s1.display();
s2.display();
return 0;
}

Result:
raviprasad,raviprasadrajesh
 12. Program using classes and objects
AIM:
Program to read elements into a matrix and search for an element in
a matrix
#include<iostream.h>
class matrix
{
int **p;
int d1,d2;
public:
matrix(int x,int y);
void get_element(int i,int j,int value)
{
p[i][j]=value;
}
int & put_element(int i,int j)
{
return p[i][j];
}
};
matrix :: matrix(int x,int y)
{
d1=x;
d2=y;
p=new int *[d1];
for(int i=0;i<d1;i++)
p[i]=new int[d2];
}
int main()
{
int m,n;
cout<< "enter size of matrix";
cin>>m>>n;
matrix A(m,n);
cout<<"enter matrix elements";
int i,j,value;
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
cin>>value;
A.get_element(i,j,value);
}
cout<<endl;
cout<<A.put_element(1,2);
return 0;
 }

Result:

input:3 3
input:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
input:1,2

12. Program using classes and objects

AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of destructor in a class
#include<iostream.h>
int count=0;
class alpha
{
public:
alpha()
{
count++;
cout<<"\n no of objects created"<<count;
}
~alpha()
{
cout<<"\n no of objects destroyed"<<count;
count--;
}
};
int main()
{
alpha A1,A2,A3,A4;
{
cout<<"enter block";
alpha A5;
}
{
cout<<"enter block2";
alpha A6;
}
return 0;
}

Result:
object created:1,2,3,4,5
destroyed:5
created:5
destroyed:5
destroyed:4,3,2,1
 13. Program on operator overloading
AIM:
Program t demonstrate working of unary minus operator

#include<iostream.h>
class space
{
int x;
int y;
int z;
public:
void getdata(int a,int b,int c);
void display(void);
void operator-();
};
void space::getdata(int a,int b,int c)
{
x=a;
y=b;
z=c;
}
void space::display(void)
{
cout<<x<<" ";
cout<<y<<" ";
cout<<z<<" ";
}
void space::operator-()
{
x=-x;
y=-y;
z=-z;
}

int main()
{
space S;
S.getdata(10,-20,30);
cout<<"S:";
S.display();
-S;
cout<<"S:";
S.display();
 return 0;
}

Result:
10 -20 30

-10 20 -30
 13. Program on operator overloading
AIM:
Program to demonstrate overloading of + operator

#include<iostream.h>
class complex
{
float x;
float y;
public:
complex(){ }
complex(float real,float imag)
{ x=real; y=imag;}
complex operator+(complex);
void display(void);
};

complex complex::operator+(complex c)
{
complex temp;
temp.x=x+c.x;
temp.y=y+c.y;
return(temp);
}
void complex::display(void)
{
cout<<x<<"+j"<<y<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
complex C1,C2,C3;
C1=complex(2.5,3.5);
C2=complex(1.6,2.7);
C3=C1+C2;

cout<<"C1=";C1.display();
cout<<"C2=";C2.display();
cout<<"C3=";C3.display();
return 0;
}
Result:
c1=2.5+ j 3.5
c2=1.6+j2.7
c3=4.1+j6.2
 13. Program on operator overloading
AIM:
Program to demonstrate overloading operators using friend
functions

#include<iostream.h>
const size=3;
class vector
{
int v[size];
public:
vector();
vector(int *x);
friend vector operator*(int a,vector b);
friend vector operator*(vector b,int a);
friend istream & operator>>(istream &,vector &);
friend ostream & operator>>(ostream &,vector &);
};
vector::vector()
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
v[i]=0;
}
vector::vector(int *x)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
v[i]=x[i];
}
vector operator *(int a,vector b)
{
vector c;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
c.v[i]=a*b.v[i];
return c;
}
vector operator *(vector b,int a)
{
vector c;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
c.v[i]=b.v[i]*a;
return c;
}
istream & operator>>(istream &din,vector &b)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
 din>>b.v[i];
return(din);
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream &dout,vector &b)
{

dout<<"("<<b.v[0];
for(int i=1;i<size;i++)
dout<<","<<b.v[i];
dout<<")";
return(dout);
}

int x[size]={2,4,6};
int main()
{
vector m;
vector n=x;
cout<<"Enter elements of vector m"<<"\n";
cin>>m;
cout<<"\n";
cout<<m;
vector p,q;
p=2*m;
q=n*2;
cout<<"\n";
// cout<<"p="<<p<<"\n";
// cout<<"q="<<q<<"\n";
cout<<p;
cout<<q;
return 0;
}
//input:5 10 15

Result:

m(5,10,15)
p(10,20,30)
q(4,8,12)

13. Program on operator overloading

AIM:
Program to demonstrate overloading of operator on strings using
friend function
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream.h>
class string
{
char *p;
int len;
public:
string(){len=0;p=0;}
string(const char *s)
{
len=strlen(s);
p=new char[len+1];
strcpy(p,s);
}
string(const string & s)
{
len=s.len;
p=new char[len+1];
strcpy(p,s.p);
}
~string(){delete p;}
friend string operator+(const string &s,const string &t)
{
string temp;
temp.len=s.len+t.len;
temp.p=new char[temp.len+1];
strcpy(temp.p,s.p);
strcat(temp.p,t.p);
return(temp);
}
friend int operator<=(const string &s,const string &t);
friend void show(const string s);
};
int operator<=(const string &s,const string &t)
{
int m=strlen(s.p);
int n=strlen(t.p);
if(m<=n) return(1);
else return(0);
}
void show(const string s)
{
cout<<s.p;
}
int main()
 {
string s1="ravi";
string s2="prasad";
string s3="rajesh";
string t1,t2,t3;
t1=s1;
t2=s2;
t3=s1+s3;
cout<<"\n t1=";show(t1);
cout<<"\n t2=";show(t2);
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\n t3=";show(t3);
cout<<"\n\n";
if(t1<=t3)
{
show(t1);
cout<<"smaller than";
show(t3);
cout<<"\n";
}
else
{
show(t3);
cout<<"smaller than";
show(t1);
cout<<"\n";
}
return 0;
}

Result:

ravi
prasad
ravirajesh
ravi smaller than ravirajesh
14. Program on inheritance
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of single inheritance using public
as access specifier

#include<iostream.h>
class B
{
int a;
public:
int b;
void get_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
};
class D : public B
{
int c;
public:
void mul(void);
void display(void);
};
void B :: get_ab()
{
a=5;b=10;
}
int B::get_a()
{
return a;
}
void B:: show_a()
{
cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";
}
void D::mul()
{
c=b*get_a();
}
void D::display()
{
cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n";
cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";
}
int main()
{
D d;
d.get_ab();
d.mul();
d.show_a();

d.display();
d.b=20;
 d.mul();
d.display();
return 0;
}

Result:

a=5
a=5
b=10
c=50
a=5
b=20
c=100
 14. Program on inheritance
AIM:
Program to demonstrate single inheritance using private as access
specifier

#include<iostream.h>
class B
{
int a;
public:
int b;
void get_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
};
class D : private B
{
int c;
public:
void mul(void);
void display(void);
};
void B :: get_ab()
{
cout<<"enter values for a and b";
cin>>a>>b;
}
int B::get_a()
{
return a;
}
void B:: show_a()
{
cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";
}
void D::mul()
{
get_ab();
c=b*get_a();
}
void D::display()
{
show_a();
// cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n";
 cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";
}
int main()
{
D d;
// d.get_ab();
d.mul();
// d.show_a();
d.display();
// d.b=20;
d.mul();
d.display();
return 0;
}

Result:

input 5 10
output 5 10 50
input 12 20
output 12 20 240
 14. Program on inheritance
AIM:
Program to demonstrate multilevel inheritance

#include<iostream.h>
class student
{
protected:
int roll_number;
public:
void get_number(int);
void put_number(void);
};
void student::get_number(int a)
{
roll_number=a;
}
void student :: put_number()
{
cout<<"rollnumber:"<<roll_number<<"\n";
}
class test : public student
{
protected:
float sub1,sub2;
public:
void get_marks(float x,float y)
{
sub1=x;
sub2=y;
}
void put_marks()
{
cout<<"marks in sub1:"<<sub1<<"\n";
cout<<"marks in sub2:"<<sub2<<"\n";
}
};
class result :public test
{
float total;
public:
void display()
{
total=sub1+sub2;
put_number();
 put_marks();
cout<<"total="<<total<<"\n";
}
};

int main()
{
result student1;
student1.get_number(111);
student1.get_marks(75.0,59.8);
student1.display();
return 0;
}

Result:

rollnumber:111
marks in sub1 75
marks in sub2:59.5
total:134.5
14. Program on inheritance
AIM:
Program to demonstrate multiple inheritances
#include<iostream.h>
class M
{
protected :
int m;
public :
void get_m(int);
};
class N
{
protected:
int n;
public:
void get_n(int);
};
class P:public M,public N
{
public:
void display(void)
 {
cout<<"m="<<m<<"\n";
cout<<"n="<<n<<"\n";
cout<<"m*n"<<m*n<<"\n";
}
};
void M :: get_m(int x)
{
m=x;
}
void N :: get_n(int y)
{
n=y;
}
int main()
{
P p;
p.get_m(10);
p.get_n(20);
p.display();
return 0;
}

Result:

output:m=10
n=20
m*n=200
 15. Program on polymorphism
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of virtual base class
#include<iostream.h>
class student
{
protected:
int roll_number;
public :
void get_number(int a)
{
roll_number=a;
}
void put_number(void)
{
cout<<"rollnumber :"<<roll_number<<"\n";
}
};
class test : virtual public student
{
protected:
float p1,p2;
public:
void get_marks(float x,float y)
{
p1=x;
p2=y;
}
void put_marks(void)
{
cout<<"marks"<<"\n"<<"part1:"<<p1<<"\npart2:"<<p2<<endl;
}
};
class sports : public virtual student
{
protected :
float score;
public:
void get_score(float s)
{
score=s;
}
void put_score(void)
{
cout<<"sport wt:"<<score<<"\n";
 }
};
class result: public test,public sports
{
float total;
public:
void display(void)
{
total=p1+p2+score;
put_number();
put_marks();
put_score();
cout<<"total score:"<<total<<"\n";
}
};
int main()
{
result s1;
s1.get_number(678);
s1.get_marks(77.5,57.5);
s1.get_score(8.0);
s1.display();
return 0;
}

Result:
rollno:678
marks obtained:77.5 57.5
sports wt:8
total score:143
 15. Program on polymorphism
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of constructors in derived class

#include<iostream.h>
class alpha
{
int x;
public:
alpha(int i)
{
x=i;
cout<<"alpha initialized\n";
}
void show_x(void)
{
cout<<"x="<<x<<"\n";
}
};
class beta
{
float y;
public:
beta(float j)
{
y=j;
cout<<"beta initialized";
}
void show_y(void)
{
cout<<"y="<<y<<"\n";
}
};
class gamma : public alpha,public beta
{
int m,n;
public:
gamma(int a,float b,int c,int d): alpha(a),beta(b)
{
m=c;
n=d;
}
void show_mn(void)
 {
cout<<"m="<<m<<"\n"<<"n="<<n<<"\n";
}
};
int main()
{
gamma g(5,10.27,20,30);
cout<<"\n";
g.show_x();
g.show_y();
g.show_mn();
return 0;
}

Result:

beta initialized
alpha initialized
gamma initialized
x=5
y=10.27
m=20
n=30
 15. Program on polymorphism
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of pointers to objects
#include<iostream.h>
class item
{
int code;
float price;
public:
void getdata(int a,float b)
{
code=a;
price=b;
}
void show(void)
{
cout<<"code:"<<code<<"\n";
cout<<"price:"<<price<<"\n";
}
};
const int size=2;
int main()
{
item *p=new item[size];
item *d=p;
int x,i;
float y;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<"enter input";
cin>>x>>y;
p->getdata(x,y);
p++;
}
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<"item:"<<i+1<<"\n";
d->show();
d++;
}
return 0;
}

Result:
40 500
50 600
40 500
50 600
 15. Program on polymorphism

AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of ‘this’ pointer
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class person
{
char name[20];
float age;
public:
person(char *s,float a)
{
strcpy(name,s);
age=a;
}
person & person::greater(person & x)
{
if(x.age>=age)
return x;
else
return *this;
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<"name:"<<name<<"\n";
cout<<"age:"<<age<<"\n";
}
};
int main()
{
person p1("ravi",78.90);
person p2("prasad",56.49);
person p3("rajesh",34.67);
person p=p1.greater(p3);
cout<<"elder person is:\n";
p.display();
p=p1.greater(p2);
cout<<"elder person is:\n";
p.display();
return 0;
}

Result:
 elder person is:
ravi 78.9
elder person is:
ravi 78.9

15. Program on polymorphism

AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of virtual functions
#include<iostream.h>
class Base
{
public:
void display() {cout<<"\n Display base";}
virtual void show() { cout<<"\n show base";}
};
class Derived:public Base
{
public:
void display() { cout<<"\n Display derived";}
void show() { cout<<"\n show derived";}
};
int main()
{
Base B;
Derived D;
Base *bptr;
cout<<"\n bptr points to Base \n";
bptr=&B;
bptr->display();
bptr->show();
cout<<"\n\n bptr points to Derived\n";
bptr=&D;
bptr->display();
bptr->show();
return 0;
}
Result:

bptr points to base

display base
show base
bptr points to derived
display base
show derived */
 15. Program on polymorphism
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of runtime polymorphism
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class media
{
protected:
char title[50];
float price;
public:
media(char *s,float a)
{
strcpy(title,s);
price=a;
}
virtual void display(){ }
};
class book:public media
{
int pages;
public:
book(char *s,float a,int p):media(s,a)
{
pages=p;
}
void display();
};
class tape:public media
{
float time;
public:
tape(char *s,float a,float t):media(s,a)
{
time=t;
}
void display();
};
void book::display()
{
cout<<"\n Title:"<<title;
cout<<"\n Pages:"<<pages;
cout<<"\n Price:"<<price;
}
void tape::display()
{
cout<<"\n Title:"<<title;
cout<<"\n play time:"<<time<<"mins";
cout<<"\n price:"<<price;
}
int main()
{
char *title=new char[30];
float price,time;
int pages;

cout<<"\n ENTER BOOK DETAILS\n";

cout<<"Title:";cin>>title;
cout<<"Price:";cin>>price;
cout<<"Pages:";cin>>pages;
book book1(title,price,pages);

cout<<"\n ENTER TAPE DETAILS\n";

cout<<"Title:";cin>>title;
cout<<"Price:";cin>>price;
cout<<"Play time(mins):";cin>>time;
tape tape1(title,price,time);
media* list[2];
list[0]=&book1;
list[1]=&tape1;
cout<<"\n MEDIA DETAILS";
cout<<".......BOOK......";
list[0]->display();
cout<<"\n......TAPE....";
list[1]->display();
return 0;
}

Result:
ENTER BOOK DETAILS
Tile: AAA
Price :255
Pages:100

ENTER TAPE DETIALS

Tile : BBB
Price : 75
Play time (min): 60

MEDIA DETAILS
….. BOOK….

Tile: AAA
Price: 255
Pages: 100

…..TAPE…..

Tile: BBB
Price: 75
Play time (min): 60

16. Template programs

AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of vector operations using
templates
#include<iostream.h>
const size=3;
template<class T>
class vector
{
T* v;
public:
vector()
{
v=new T[size];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
v[i]=0;
}
vector(T* a)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
v[i]=a[i];
}
T operator*(vector &y)
{
T sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
sum+=this->v[i]*y.v[i];
return sum;
}
};
int main()
{
 int x[3]={1,2,3};
int y[3]={4,5,6};
vector <int>v1;
vector<int>v2;
v1=x;
v2=y;
int R=v1*v2;
cout<<"R="<<R<<"\n";
return 0;
}

Result:

r=32
 16. Template programs
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of bubble sort using template
functions
#include<iostream.h>
template<class T>
void bubble(T a[],int n)
{
for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++)
for(int j=n-1;i<j;j--)
if(a[j]<a[j-1])
{
swap(a[j],a[j-1]);
}
}
template<class X>
void swap(X &a,X &b)
{
X temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
}
int main()
{
int x[5]={10,50,30,40,20};
float y[5]={1.1,5.5,3.3,4.4,2.2};
bubble(x,5);
bubble(y,5);
cout<<"Stored x-array:";
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
cout<<x[i]<<" ";
cout<<endl;

cout<<"Stored y-array:";
for(int j=0;j<5;j++)
cout<<y[j]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}

Result:

10 20 30 40 50
1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5
 16. Template programs
AIM:
Program to calculate roots of equations using templates
#include<iostream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
#include<math.h>
template<class T>
void roots(T a,T b,T c)
{
T d=b*b-4*a*c;
if(d==0)
{
cout<<"R1=R2="<<-b/(2*a)<<endl;
}
else if(d>0)
{ cout<<"Roots are real\n";
float R=sqrt(d);
float R1=(-b+R)/(2*a);
float R2=(-b-R)/(2*a);
cout<<"R1="<<R1<<"and";
cout<<"R2="<<R2<<endl;
}
else
{ cout<<"Roots are complex\n";
float R1=-b/(2*a);
float R2=sqrt(-d)/(2*a);
cout<<"Real part="<<R1<<endl;
cout<<"Imaginary part="<<R2;
cout<<endl;
}
}
int main()
{
cout<<"Integer coefficients\n";
roots(1,-5,6);
cout<<"\n Float coefficients\n";
roots(1.5,3.6,5.0);
return 0;
}

Result:
Roots are real
R1 = 2.5
R2 = 2.5
Roots are complex
Real part = -1.2
Imaginary part = 1.375
 17. Exception handling
AIM:
Program to demonstrate working of exception handling
#include<iostream.h>
void divide(int x,int y,int z)
{
cout<<"\n we are inside the function\n";
if((x-y)!=0)
{
int R=z/(x-y);
cout<<"Result="<<R<<"\n";
}
else
{
throw(x-y);
}
}
int main()
{
try
{
cout<<"we are inside the try block\n";
divide(10,20,30);
divide(10,10,20);
}
catch(int i)
{
cout<<"caught the exception\n";
}
return 0;
}

Result:

result =-3
caught the exception