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Unicast Routing Protocols Comparison
Router Roles Metric Formula OSPF Configuration
RIP EIGRP OSPF IS-IS BGP
OSPF
Internal Router reference-bandwidth
All interfaces reside within the same area cost = ! Create an OSPF process
Type Distance Vector Distance Vector Link State Link State Path Vector OSPFv2 Link State Advertisements link speed
[ipv6] router ospf process-ID
Backbone Router
Algorithm Bellman-Ford DUAL Dijkstra Dijkstra Path Selection Router Link (Type 1) Adjacency States
A router with at least one interface in area 0 ! Specify a router ID formatted as IPv4 dotted-decimal
Lists neighboring routers and the cost to each; 1 Down 5 ExStart
Admin Distance 120 90/170 (external)/5 (summary) 110 115 20/200 (IBGP) Area Border Router (ABR) router-id router-ID
flooded within an area
Connects two or more areas 2 Attempt 6 Exchange
Standard RFCs 2080, 2453 Cisco proprietary RFCs 2328, 5340 ISO 10589, RFC 1142 RFC 4271 Network Link (Type 2) ! Modify the default reference bandwidth
AS Boundary Router (ASBR) 3 Init 7 Loading auto-cost reference-bandwidth speed-in-mbps
Generated by a DR; lists all routers on an
Supported Protocols IPv4, IPv6 IPv4, IPv6, IPX, Appletalk IPv4, IPv6 IPv4, IPv6, CLNP IPv4, IPv6 Connects to additional routing domains
adjacent segment; flooded within an area 4 2-Way 8 Full ! Assign interfaces to areas by network (OSPFv2)
(redistribution to or from other protocols)
Transport UDP/520 IP/88 IP/89 Layer 2 TCP/179 Network Summary (Type 3) network IPv4-address wildcard-mask area area

Global Configuration
Generated by an ABR; advertises routes Area Types Message Types
Authentication Plain, MD5 MD5 Plain, MD5, AH (v3) Plain, MD5 MD5 ! Identify neighbors for NBMA links (OSPFv2)
between areas Standard Area 1 Hello 4 LS Update
Multicast Address 224.0.0.9 224.0.0.10 224.0.0.5-6 N/A N/A neighbor IPv4-address [cost 1-65535]
ASBR Summary (Type 4) Default OSPF area type 2 DB Descr. 5 LS Ack
Injected by an ABR into the backbone to Stub Area ! Configure summaries on area border routers
advertise the presence of an ASBR in a non- 3 LS Request
Terminology RIP Configuration area area range { IPv4-address subnet-mask | IPv6-prefix }
RIP backbone area
External link (type 5) LSAs are replaced with
a single default route
Split-Horizon DR/BDR Election ! Summarize external routes (ASBRs only)
! Enable RIPv2 IPv4 routing External Link (Type 5)
RIP Implementations Mitigates routing loops by ensuring a Totally Stubby Area · The DR serves as a common summary-address IPv4-address subnet-mask [not-advertise]
router rip Generated by an ASBR and flooded throughout
route is never advertised back to the Type 3, 4, and 5 LSAs are replaced with a point for all adjacencies on a summary-prefix IPv6-prefix [not-advertise]
RIPv1 version 2 the AS to advertise a route external to OSPF
neighbor from which it was learned default route multiaccess segment
Original RIP implementation, limited to Group Membership (Type 6) ! Originate a default route
Poison Reverse ! Disable RIPv2 automatic summarization Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA) · The BDR also maintains
classful routing (obsolete) Used by Multicast OSPF; unsupported by IOS default-information originate [always]
Learned routes are advertised back to no auto-summary A stub area containing an ASBR; type 5 LSAs adjacencies with all routers in
RIPv2 their originator as explicitly invalid NSSA External Link (Type 7) are converted to type 7 within the area ! Designate stub, totally stubby, or not-so-stubby areas
! Designate RIPv2 interfaces by network case the DR fails
Introduced support for classless routing, Generated by an ASBR in a not-so-stubby area; area area { stub | nssa } [no-summary]
triggered updates, and multicast Troubleshooting network IPv4-network External Route Types · Does not occur on point-to-
converted into a type 5 LSA by the ABR when
announcements (RFC 2453) point or multipoint links ! Create a virtual link
show ip[v6] protocols ! Identify unicast-only neighbors leaving the area E1
· Default priority (0-255) is 1; area area virtual-link router-ID

Global Configuration
RIPng (RIP Next Generation) neighbor IP-address Considers the cost to the advertising ASBR
show ip[v6] rip database OSPFv3 Link State Advertisements highest priority wins; 0 cannot
Extends RIPv2 to support IPv6 routing plus the external cost of the route
debug ip rip { database | events } ! Originate a default route be elected interface type number
(RFC 2080); functions very similarly to Name v2 Equiv. E2 (Default)
default-information originate · DR preemption will not occur
RIPv2 and is subsequently as limited debug ipv6 rip [interface] 0x2001 Router LSA Type 1 The external cost of a route as seen by the ! Enable OSPF on the interface
! Designate passive interfaces unless the current DR is reset
ASBR; internal OSPF cost is not considered ip[v6] ospf process-ID area area
RIP Configuration passive-interface {interface | default} 0x2002 Network LSA Type 2
Virtual Links ! Identify neighbors for NBMA links (OSPFv3)
0x2003 Inter-area prefix LSA Type 3 Troubleshooting
! Modify equal-cost load balancing · Tunnel formed to join two ipv6 ospf neighbor IPv6-address
interface type number 0x2004 Inter-area router LSA Type 4 show ip[v6] ospf [process] interface
maximum-paths 1-16 areas across an intermediate
Interface Configuration

! Enable RIPng on the interface 0x4005 AS-external LSA Type 5 show ip[v6] ospf [process] neighbor ! Set interface cost manually
· Both end routers must share

Interface Configuration
! Modify timers ip[v6] ospf cost 1-65535
ipv6 rip name enable 0x2006 Group membership LSA Type 6 show ip[v6] ospf border-routers a common non-stub area
timers basic update invalid hold flush
! Configure manual route summarization 0x2007 Type-7 LSA Type 7 show ip[v6] ospf database [LSA-type] · At least one end must reside ! Configure DR election priority
! Enable RIPng IPv6 routing in area 0 ip[v6] ospf priority 0-255
ip summary-address rip IPv4-address subnet-mask
ipv6 router rip name 0x0008 Link LSA N/A show ip[v6] ospf virtual-links
ipv6 rip name summary-address IPv6-prefix · Transition tool; not ideal for ! Specify network type (broadcast, point-to-point, etc.)
! Toggle split-horizon and poison-reverse 0x2009 Intra-area prefix LSA N/A debug ip[v6] ospf […] permanent designs
! Enable MD5 authentication (RIPv2 only) ip[v6] ospf network type
[no] split-horizon
ip rip authentication mode md5 Network Types ! Modify interface hello and dead intervals
[no] poison-reverse
ip rip authentication key-chain key-chain ip[v6] ospf hello-interval seconds
Nonbroadcast Multipoint Multipoint
(NBMA) Broadcast Nonbroadcast Broadcast Point-to-Point ip[v6] ospf dead-interval seconds
DR/BDR Elected Yes No No Yes No ! Enable MD5 authentication (OSPFv2)
EIGRP Configuration
EIGRP Neighbor Discovery No Yes No Yes Yes ip ospf authentication message-digest
! Enable EIGRP for an autonomous system ip ospf message-digest-key key-id md5 key-string
Hello/Dead Timers 30/120 30/120 30/120 10/40 10/40
Metric Formula [ipv6] router eigrp AS-number ! Enable IPsec authentication (OSPFv3)
Defined By RFC 2328 RFC 2328 Cisco Cisco Cisco
K2 * bw K5 ! Specify a router ID formatted in IPv4 dotted-decimal ipv6 ospf auth ipsec spi spi-number { md5 | sha1 } string
256 * (K1 * bw + + K3 * delay) * Supported Topology Full Mesh Any Any Full Mesh Point-to-Point
256 - load rel + K4 [eigrp] router-id router-ID
· bw = 107 / minimum path bandwidth in kbps ! Disable automatic classful summarization (IPv4 only)
· delay = interface delay in µsecs / 10 ISO Routing Levels IS-IS Configuration
no auto-summary Integrated IS-IS
Packet Types Default K Values Level 0 Used to locate end systems
! Enable EIGRP on interfaces by network (IPv4 only) ! Enable IS-IS routing
Global Configuration

1 Update K1 1 network IPv4-address wildcard-mask NSAP Addressing Level 1 Routing within an area (IS-IS) router isis
3 Query K2 0 ! Modify maximum paths for equal-cost load balancing Interdomain Part Domain-Specific Part Level 2 Routing between areas (IS-IS) ! Specify one or more NET addresses
maximum-paths 1-16 Level 3 Inter-AS routing net NET

Global Configuration
4 Reply K3 1
NSAP AFI IDI HODSP
5 Hello K4 0 ! Configure multiplier for unequal-cost load balancing System ID SEL
Terminology ! Set global routing level (default level-1-2)
Condensed Area
8 Acknowledge K5 0 variance 1-128 is-type { level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2-only }
Example 49 0005.80ff.f800.0000 0001 0000.0c00.1234 00 Type-Length-Value (TLV)
! Configure K values to manipulate the metric formula Variable-length modular datasets carried by PDUs ! Configure IPv4 route summaries
Terminology metric weights 0 k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 Interdomain Part (IDP) IS-IS Hello (IIH) summary-address IP-address subnet-mask [level]
Reported Distance Portion of the address used in routing between autonomous systems; Establish and maintain neighbor adjacencies
The metric for a route advertised by a neighbor ! Explicitly identify neighbors on NBMA links ! Configure IPv6 route summaries
assigned by ISO Link State PDU (LSP)
neighbor IP-address interface address-family ipv6
Feasible Distance Domain-Specific Part (DSP) Carry TLVs encompassing link state information summary-prefix IPv6-prefix [level]
The distance advertised by a neighbor plus the cost ! Designate passive interfaces Portion of the address relevant only within the local AS Sequence Number Packet (SNP)
to get to that neighbor passive-interface {interface | default} Authority and Format Identifier (AFI) Used to request and advertise LSPs; can be complete ! Originate a default route
Stuck In Active (SIA) Identifies the authority which dictates the format of the address (CSNP) or partial (PSNP) default-information originate
! Enable stub routing
The condition when a route becomes unreachable [eigrp] stub [receive-only | connected | static | summary | redist] Initial Domain Identifier (IDI) Network Entity Title (NET)
and not all queries for it are answered; adjacencies An organization belonging to the AFI Unique router ID; includes area ID interface type number
with unresponsive neighbors are reset High Order DSP (HODSP)
interface type number Designated Intermediate System (DIS) ! Enable IS-IS on an interface
Passive Interface The area within the AS A pseudonode responsible for emulating point-to- ip[v6] router isis
An interface which does not participate in EIGRP ! Enable EIGRP for IPv6 on the interface System ID point links across a multi-access segment
but whose network is advertised ipv6 eigrp AS-number Unique router identifier; 48 bits for Cisco devices (often taken from an ! Specify interface routing level
Stub Router Ethernet MAC address) Adjacency Requirements isis circuit-type { level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2-only }
! Set the maximum bandwidth EIGRP can consume (can be >100%)

Interface Configuration
A router which advertises only a subset of routes, · Interface MTUs must match
Interface Configuration

ip[v6] bandwidth-percent eigrp AS-number 1-999999 NSAP Selector (SEL) ! Set interface metric
and is omitted from the route query process Identifies a network layer service; always 0x00 in a NET isis [ipv6] metric { 1-16777214 | maximum }
· Levels must match
! Configure manual summarization of outbound routes
Default Timers ip summary-address eigrp AS-number IPv4-address subnet-mask [AD] Network Types · Areas must match (if level 1) ! Designate the network as point-to-point
LAN (>T1) WAN (<=T1) ipv6 summary-address eigrp AS-number IPv6-prefix [AD] Broadcast Point-to-Point · System IDs must be unique isis network point-to-point
Hello 5 sec 60 sec ! Enable MD5 authentication DIS Elected Yes No · Authentication must succeed ! Configure DIS election priority
Hold 15 sec 180 sec ip[v6] authentication mode eigrp AS-number md5 Neighbor Discovery Yes Yes isis priority 0-127 [ level-1 | level-2 ]
ip[v6] authentication key-chain eigrp AS-number key-chain DIS Election
Hello/Dead Timers 10/30 10/30 ! Modify interface hello and dead intervals
Troubleshooting · Highest-priority interface elected isis hello-interval seconds [ level-1 | level-2 ]
! Modify interface hello and hold timers
show ip[v6] eigrp {interfaces | neighbors } ip[v6] hello-interval eigrp AS-number seconds Troubleshooting · Highest SNPA (e.g. MAC or DLCI) breaks tie isis hello-multiplier 3-1000 [ level-1 | level-2 ]
show ip[v6] eigrp topology ip[v6] hold-time eigrp AS-number seconds show [clns | isis] neighbors show isis [database | spf-log] · Highest system ID breaks SNPA tie ! Enable MD5 authentication
clear ip[v6] eigrp [AS-number] neighbors ! Toggle split horizon show clns interface debug [clns | isis] […] · Default interface priority is 64 isis authentication mode md5
debug ip[v6] eigrp [neighbor] [no] ip[v6] split-horizon eigrp AS-number show isis [ipv6] topology · Current DIS may be preempted, unlike OSPF isis authentication key-chain key-chain