GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM LABORATORY

EXERCISE: 5: DIGITALIZATION OF TOPOSHEET

Objective: To digitize (Vectorization) a toposheet using Quantum GIS.

Software: Quantum GIS

Procedure: 1. Point Layer Creation

 To create new point layer, go to main menu bar in QGIS interface and select ‘Layer’ →‘New’
→ ‘New Shapefile Layer’.
 Now the ‘New vector Layer’ window will popup. Select ‘Type’ as ‘Point’ as we are interested
in creating a point layer.
 We can add new required attribute fields to the vector layer that we have created. For
example if we are creating point vector layer of all hospitals we can add ‘Name’ of the
hospital as new field and ‘intake capacity’, ‘Address’ etc. as other fields.
 For Each New attribute added, an appropriate name, type of the variable.
 save the file in appropriate drive with appropriate name for example: Hospitals_Pune.shp
 To start digitization, we have to enable the editing mode of the corresponding vector layer.
Right click on ‘Hospital_Pune.shp’ point layer and click on ‘Toggle Editing’

 Fill the required attribute information like ‘id’, ‘Name’ and ‘Intake_Cap’ (Intake Capacity),
‘Address’. Click ‘OK’.
 The point will be created with the specified attributes at the specified location. Now open
the attribute table of ‘Hospital_Pune.shp’ by right clicking on the hospital layer and selecting
‘Open Attribute Table’. If you want to change any details, then simply select the attribute by
double click and edit it. For example change the intake capacity of Bharati Hospital from
1000 to 1200.
 Click on ‘Save Layer Edits’.
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2. Line layer creation:

 To create line layer, go to ‘Layer’ → ‘New’ → ‘New Shapefile Layer’.

 Add required attributes, for example ‘Name’ as shown in above figure and click ‘OK’. ‘Save
As’ window will open up. Browse to an appropriate location and give an appropriate name
for example ‘Roads_Pune’ → click on ‘Save’.

 The layer is created and will be listed in Map legend. Right click on layer, click on ‘Toggle
Editing’.
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3. Polygon layer creation:

 To create Polygon layer, go to ‘Layer’ → ‘New’ → ‘New Shapefile Layer’.

 Add required attributes for example ‘Name’ and click ‘OK’. ‘Save As’ window will open up,
save the file at appropriate location, for example ‘ReservedForest.shp’.
 The layer will be created and listed under Map Legend. Right click on layer click on ‘Toggle
Editing’.
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 Now digitize the other features to prepare a Map.

EXERCISE: 6: MAP PREPARATIONS

Objective:

To present given data in the form of a comprehensive map and to learn how to edit layer symbology
in QGIS.

Software: Quantum GIS

Procedure:

 Layer → Add Vector Layer.

 Now all the layers will be loaded to the map canvas and will be listed under the Layers
section alphabetically in descend order.
 Now rearrange the layers in such a way, all point features are on top to line features
 and line features over the polygon features.
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 Let’s start the map preparation by setting the colours for the base polygon layers.
Double-click on the ‘Urban Areas’ layer to open the ‘Layer Properties’ window and select the
tab.

 Now the map should looklike near to the below figure, however it depends upon your
assorted colour code.

 Let’s change the border colour of the ‘Urban Areas’ layer. Double-click on it to open the
‘Layer Properties’ window and click on the ‘+’ button located right side to ‘Fill’ under ‘Symbol
layers’ in ‘Style’ section.
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 Double-click on the ‘Roads’ layer to bring up the ‘Layer Properties’ window.

 Use the ‘Add Symbol Layer’ button to add another symbol layer. Select the upper layer and
change its colour to ‘orange’ and its width to ‘0.7mm’. Set the lower layer with a width of
‘1mm’ and colour ‘RED’ and click on ‘OK’.

 Double click the ‘Bus stop’ layer and select the ‘Simpler Marker’ under ‘Symbol
layers’.Change the ‘Symbol layer type’ to ‘SVG Marker’ and use the bus stop icon and
change the other fields as shown below and click on ‘OK’.
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 Follow the above same procedure to change the symbology of ‘Hospitals’ layer to.
 To label the features we will use the Label engine provided in the Label Toolbar.
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 To prepare a map use the Print Composer. Open it via the menu Project→New PrinT
Composer. You can assign a unique print composer title. Call it SouthPune and click on ‘OK’.

 Change the size of the paper to ‘A2 (420x594mm)’ using the Composition tab.
 Click on the ‘Add new map’ button in the toolbar and place the mouse pointer on the top-
left corner of the composers’ workspace and hold the left mouse button to drag across the
whole page to create the map.
 Add Title , direction , legend and scale bar.
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 Now save the map composer by clicking ‘Save’. Now export the map to a Pdf by clicking the
‘Export to PDF’ button. Navigate to a suitable folder, name the file as ‘SouthPune’ and press
‘Save’.