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ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ
ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ
ﻋﻠﻲﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﻭﺱ : ۱ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ـ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ
ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺮ
ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ
ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ .ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ
ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ
ﺍﺯﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﻴﺸﮑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ
ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ
١٣۴٠ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺖ ١٣٧٦ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ) ۳۷ﺳﺎﻝ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ
ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ،ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ،ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ،ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ
ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ،ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ
ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ
ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ،ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ
ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ
ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ
ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ
ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻛﺸﺖ ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ
ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ
ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ : ‐١
ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ٤٥ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺯﻓﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ
ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ١٠٠ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ
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ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ' ٤ﻭ ۳۲ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ' ٢٠ﻭ ٤٨۰ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ
ﺟﻠﮕﻪ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﺧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ٤٠ﺗﺎ ٨٠ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ
ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ
ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ
ﺍﺯ ٢٤٥٠٠ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ٩٠٠٠ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ١ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ
ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ.
ﺷﮑﻞ ﴰﺎﺭﻩ -۲ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ
ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ) ۳٧ﺳﺎﻝ( ‐٤
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ SPSSﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ
ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﺳﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ Xﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ )ﺯﻣﺎﻥ( ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ Yﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ
ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﺳﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ.
ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ
ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻧﻴﺸﻜﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ ) ( Microclimateﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ.
ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٤٠ﺗﺎ ١٣٧٦ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ،ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ
ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﮐﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ
ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺮﻫﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ
ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ .ﺑﺎ
ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ،ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ
ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ
ﮐﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ
ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ.
ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ) ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ( ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ٩٥ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ
ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ :
ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ) .ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۱ﻭ( ۷ -
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ) .ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۲ﻭ -
(۳
ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ) .ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ (۴ -
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ) .ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ (۵ -
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ) .ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ (۶ -
ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ) .ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ (۸ -
ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ
ﺷﺎﻣﻞ :
ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ )ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ( ،ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ )ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ( ،ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ
ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ )ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ( ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ( ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ
)ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ( ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ
ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺮﻡ ﮐﺎﻟﺮﯼ ﺑﺮ
ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ
ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ
ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ) .(۱۳۷۹ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ‐۱
ﺩﺭ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﻧﻴﺸﮑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ .ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ،ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ
ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ۱۳۳۸ﺗﺎ ، ۱۳۷۶ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ،ﮐﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ‐۲
ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﭙﻪ
ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺸﮑﺮ ) ،(۱۳۷۸ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﮐﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ،ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ‐۳
ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ
4- Alexander, A.G. 1973. Sugarcane Physiology. Elsvier Amesterdam.
725 p.
5- GEIGER, R., 1950: The climate near the ground. Harvard university
press.
6- Gloyne, R.W. AND J.Lamas, 1980: lecture notes for training class II and
class III agricultural meteorology personal. WMO-NO.551, WMO, Genava.