Gile Giovanni Goyagoy “Literature is Life ” Literature
• Written works, especially those
considered of superior or lasting artistic merit. • It is a form of human expression Classification of literature
• Poetry - expresses emotions through lines,
rhythm and meter • Prose - is always written in complete sentences and those sentences are put together to make stories. • Drama - a genre of literature that is meant to be performed Literary Criticism Literary criticism
• The art or practice of judging and
commenting on the qualities and character of literary works. • Study, evaluation and interpretation of literature. • Formalistic Approach • Biographical Approach • Philosophical approach • Historical Approach • Psychological Approach • Feminist Criticism Formalistic Approach • Also known as New Criticism • Formalism refers to a style of inquiry that focuses, almost exclusively, on features of the literary text itself, to the exclusion of biographical, historical or intellectual contexts. where to focus when doing a formalistic approach Character
• Protagonist - The main character with whom the
audience is expected to sympathize • Antagonist - The main villain • Dynamic- Changing, growing and active • Static - Not growing or changing • “They were faces you never expected to see except perhaps on the airbrushed pages of fashion magazine. Or painted by an old master as the face of an angel” -an excerpt from Twilight, Stephenie Meyer Figure of speech • Simile - comparison using like and as • Metaphor - An implied comparison between two things • Personification - An inanimate object is endowed with human qualities • Hyperbole - Complete Exaggeration • Irony - the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning • Oxymoron - Contradicting terms appear side by side • Alliteration - Repetition of initial consonant sounds • Apostrophe - Talking to a non existent person or inanimate object • Euphemism - The substitution of an offensive term • Onomatopoeia -use of words that imitate the sounds • Synecdoche - a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole. • Anaphora - the repetition of the same word or phrase successively. Imagery
• Figurative language to represent objects,
actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses • Hearing, Seeing, Smelling, Tasting, Touch • “It was dark and dim in the forest” • “The children were screaming and shouting in the fields.” • “He whiffled the aroma of brewed coffee” • “The girl ran her hands on a soft fabric” • “The orange is delicious and juicy” Plot • A series of events or happening that organize a text • Dramatic or Progressive Plot • Episodic Plot • Flashback • Exposition - the beginning of the story • Rising Action - the action that leads to the climax of the story • Climax - the highest point of dramatic tension • Conflict - Human rivalries and difficulties • Falling Action - action that leads to the denouement • Denouement - final part • Foreshadowing - plot feature tat predict other events Point of view
• Perspective of the controlling narrative
voice • First, Second and Third POV • Limited, Multiple and Omniscient • “I am alone crying and weeping” • “They are both having fun” • “You are the reason why I did this” Setting
• Place and Time of the text
• “The gates were rusted that when she opened it, it creaked” Theme