5111/2020
‘Swing Bolt Closure Design - Pressure Vessel
Kezar Engineering
SWING BOLT CLOSURE DESIGN
Contents [show [#]]
1. Introduction
A swing bolt is usually used in pressure vessels that have covers that need to be
opened many times in a realativelly short period (let's say, twice a month, for
example). This is the case of filters, in which you have to open it to change the
filtration element. You can also use this kind of clousure when you want to avoid
thick plate for the body flange.The procedures described in this article consider
the design of the swing bolt closure using ASME standard code and equations
from strength of materials, which can be solved by hand or with softwares like
Excel. If the designer whichs to design a more reliable and cheap clousure, it's
recommended to use a finite element analysis (FEA) software like Ansys or
SolidWorks Simulation. The design using FEA softwares will be covered in
another article
2. Parts
The swing bolt closure can be separated in five parts: cover flange, body flange,
eye bolt, pin and lugs. The calculation of the lug, pin and eye bolt will be based in
the strength of materials, the body flange will be calculated using ASME BPVC
Section __vill___Division _1_https://www.asme.org/products/codes-
standards/bpvcviii1-2017-bpve-section-vilirules]_Appendix 2 (Mandatory
Appendix 2 - Rules for Bolted Flange Connections with Ring Type Gasket) with
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|_(Mandatory Appendix 2 - Rules for Bolted Flange
Connections with Ring Type Gaskets) flange and cut the holes.The allowable
stress, minimum tensile strength, minimum yield strength and modulus of
elasticity of the material used in the calculations can be found in the ASME BPVC
Section i (https://www.asme.org/products/codes-standards/bpvciid-2017-bpvc-
section-iimaterialspart-(1)].
2.1. Cover Flange
‘As mentioned above, the cover flange can either be calculated using Appendix 2
or made from an ASME B16.5 flange. If you use the B16.5 flange, just cut the
holes as shown in the Figure 2 [#figure2] The design of bolted flanged according
to the Appendix 2 will not be described here, as there's already an article about it
in the site: Bolted Flange Design [https:/www.kezareng.com/flange-design-
calculation/| If the calculated flange is too thick, you can use a compound cover,
made of a dished head, a body flange (see Section 2.2) and lugs (see Section 2.5),
as shwon in Figure X.
2.2. Body Flange
The body flange is the part where the lugs will be welded. It will be designed
according to the Appendix 2, with the exception that the flange outside diameter
will be the outside diameter of the rolled plate and the flange thickness will be
the same as the flange hub length. With these changes it is considered that the
lugs don't contribute to the strength of the flange, even though it isn't all true,
but it's necessary because the Appendix 2 don’t consider welded lugs in the
design of the flanges.
23. Bolt
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clousure:
1. Hex bolts
2. Eye bolts
3. Lifting lug with threaded rod
24. Pin
The calculation of the pin will be use to find the maximum.
2.5, Lug
There are three types of lugs used in swing bolt closures:
2.5.1. Lug Properties
For the calculation of the stresses acting in the lug, three important properties
must be defined: moment of inertia (Ityg), first moment of the area (Qtug) and
center of gravity (y_).Consider the cross-section shown in the Figure X, where ais
the lug height, ¢ the lug width and b the lug thickness. The force will act along the
xy axis, so we are interested in finding the moment of inertia and center of gravity
related to it. The radii due to the shape bending will not be considerede as itl
not influency that much in the results and will simplify our equations
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1
®
aT
fhtosnterreng commu:
‘content/uploads/2016/03/swing bolt kezareng 004,jpg)
Figure X - Lug cross-section
First, find the center of gravity using Equation X:
_ 2a? +4-a-b+erb
LV
4-a+2-c a)
Ye
Then, find the moment of inertia using Equation x:
2
Tiug = 2-0-b- (5+5-n) esd: (»- :)
(2)
ge ated
12
And finally find the first moment of the area above the center line (y) using
Equation x
Qtuy = b+ (a 4e)* (3)
2.5.2. Bending Stress
To calculate the bend stress in the lug we'll consider it as a beam as shown in
Figure X.
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hips /owukevoreng.com/up-
ontent/yploads/2016/03/swing bolt kezoreng. 005 jpg)
Figure X - Lug length and force
The maximum bending stress is calculated using Equation X:
M-c
Tug
(Q)
Plug =
Where M is the bending moment (M = L- F), ¢ is the distance from the
centroid to the extreme fiber (¢ = a/2) and tug is the moment of inertia, which
is calculated using the Equation X.
2.5.3. Shear Stress
To calculate the shear stress in the lug we use the Equation X:
Fe(a-%)*
Ta = 9 ay (a)
Where F is the force acting in the lug, a is the lug height, ye is the distance from
the bottom of the lug to its center of gravity (see Figure X) and Iyg is the
moment of inertia.
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An all around fillet weld will be used to join the lugs in the body flange. The weld
will only be made in the external face of the lu shown in Figure X, as it's
quite impossible to do a quality weld in the internal face.The calculation is quite
simples, just follow the steps
1, Estimate the weld throat size a As there isn’t a global rule
accepted by everyone about the proper weld thickness to be
used as a first guess or to avoid calculation, I'll leave it to the
designer to use whatever values he likes.
N
. Calculate the weld group area A,, The total area of the weld
group is the sum of three separated areas, as shown in the
Figure X and calculated using Equation 1:
Ay =a- (2-H +B) (a)
. Calculate the weld group center of gravity Y The center of
gravity of the weld group about the y-axis is calculated using
the Equation 2:
w
- 2 (1)
S
Calculate the weld group moment of inertia around x-axis
Ty, The moment of inertia of the weld group around x-axis is
calculated using Equation 3:
Tuo = gaan. (Fy ‘
ue 6 2
2 (1)
Bead a,
+p taB-($+¥
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2
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‘Swing Bal Closure Design - Pressure Vessel
Kezar Engineering
axis is calculated using Equation 4:
Ha’
Tuy = g +20
2 3
atB) a-B (1)
“2 12
Calculate the normal stress vertical to the weld direction
o, The normal stress vertical to the weld direction is
calculated using Equation X:
: ()
Calculate the normal stress parallel to the weld direction
a (Insert something)
. Calculate the shear stress parallel to the weld direction 7),
The shear stress parallel to the weld direction is calculated
using Equation 8:
=] (1)
. Calculate the equivalent stress in the weld S, The
equivalent stress in the weld is calculated using Equation 9 or
10:,
Su = Vol topo. oy +7t +a (1)
Ifo) = O then:
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3. Example
Consider the flange shown in Figure XX. The body was designed using Appendix 2
of the ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 1, as described in the Section 2.2. | used
an integral flange, but you can any of flange type available in the Code.
Input Values
Design Temperature: 60 °C Design Pressure: 1,5 MPa
Output Values
Number of bolts: 12 Bolt size: 1/2"-13UNC Bolt matertial: SA-193 B7 Force per
bolt: 15000 N
0613
‘hts/anuw kezareng.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/swing bolt design 004,pns)
Figure X - Example of swing bolt closure
3.1. Lug Properties
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_ 2a +4-a-b+4e-6
ue 4-a+2-c
__ 2-103? + 4-103 12,7 +80-12,7
4-103 +2-80
= 48,02 mm
Then, find the moment of inertia using Equation X:
a
Tug = 2-a-b- (4b Ue
2DbateB
+ 12
2
1
= 2-108:1,7-( 2 4127-4802)
12,7)
+ 80-12,7- ( 48,02 —
2-12,7- 103% + 80 - 12,78
12
= 4775667, 10 mm*
And finally find the first moment of the area above the center line (ye) using
Equation x:
2
Qtug = b+ (a — Ye)
= 12,7- (103 — 48, 02)"
= 38389, 57 mm*
To calculate the maximum bending stress we use the Equation x:
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2+ Thug
__ 120. 1250-103
“ 2-4775667, 10
= 1,62 MPa
To calculate the shear stress w he Equation x:
ust
Fs(a-4)
2+ Tug
1250 - (103 — 48, 02)?
2. 4775667, 10
= 0,40 MPa
Thug
Weld stresses tion
1, Estimate the weld throat size a We will use a throat size of 5
mm as a first guess.
2. Calculate the weld group area A, The weld group are will
be calculated using the Equation x:
A, =a-(2-H+B)
=5- (2-103 +80)
= 1430 mm?
3. Calculate the weld group center of gravity Y The center of
gravity of the weld group about the y-axis will be calculated
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y 2
Y= 5.HiB
103? > 8
2
~ 2.103 + 80
= 36,40 mm
4. Calculate the weld group moment of inertia around x-axis
Iy2 The moment of inertia of the weld group around x-axis
will be calculated using Equation X:
Io = pa ae (F_9 ‘
oe ena (F
3 2
Ba a (4 y
+g taB (at
2
5 - 1038 103
=" 25-103. { “> — 36,40
2
80-5" 530. (55 36,40
+ 2 + 27 A
1751573, 47 mm*
5. Calculate the weld group moment of inertia around y-axis
Iyy The moment of inertia of the weld group around the y-
axis will be calculated using Equation x:
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{ 2 ) +
103-58
6
2
5 +80 : 5 - 808
2 12
= 2075916, 67 mm*
+2-5-103
6. Calculate the normal stress vertical to the weld direction
1 The normal stress vertical to the weld direction will be
calculated using Equation x:
M-ry
Loz
L-(H-Y)
Tue
1250 - 120 - (103 — 36, 40)
~ 1751573, 47
=5,70 MPa
=
7. Calculate the shear stress parallel to the weld direction 7)
The shear stress parallel to the weld direction will be
calculated using Equation x:
F,
Aw
1250
~~ 1430
= 0,87 MPa
7 =
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= V5, 70? + 0,872
=5,77 MPa
le
>
a
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