Hello all and welcome to our TED Talk.

Today we will be trying to answer some of humanity’s

oldest questions, the questions that revolve around some of the oldest and most mysterious
objects in our universe- the stars. Why are they there and how were they formed are both great
questions that are still taking the world’s greatest minds to answer. And today we will be
continuing on by answering these four questions. How did our solar system form, what is the
technology and methods we use to look at the stars, where are all the planets and significant
objects located in our solar system, And finally how do the Moon and Sun affect us? So without
taking any more of your time, let's begin with our first question. How did our solar system
form? One of the oldest questions since the creation of astronomy. The current accepted theory
of the formation of the solar system is the nebular theory. The nebular theory states that a giant
cloud composed mostly of gas and various dusts is what created our solar system. And due to a
supernova, the cloud collapsed and formed a solar nebula with a protostar in the center. Which
eventually became hotter and hotter and hotter with more gravity and eventually became hot
enough and had enough pressure to cause Fusion and become a star.
But, the protostar was not the only thing that changed, further away on the desk
surrounding the star also started to clump. These clumps were significantly smaller because the
Sun already had 99% of all the available matter in the newly formed solar system. The small
clubs smashed into each other and created bigger ones until they had enough gravity to pull in
more material and this was the creation of our planets we know today. But along with the
formation of the planets other miscellaneous objects formed as well, such as asteroid belts,
comets, and moons. However, we didn't always have the nebular theory.
Let's compare the nebular theory to the accretion hypothesis. The accretion hypothesis
goes along the lines of a big nebula eventually started to have its dust and gas accrete into
bigger and bigger objects the biggest of which got bigger and hotter than the rest and eventually
turned it to the Sun. The accretion hypothesis is very similar to the nebular theory however the
difference is the accretion and gravity are the cause of the condensing of the core, With enough
pressure to start fusing helium and hydrogen causing it to become a star. However, the problem
with the accretion hypothesis is that it couldn’t cause enough pressure for a protostar to form.
The next hypothesis is the Solar Fission theory. This theory states that the solar system was
actually formed when the sun spun the planets off of itself in the early days of the solar system.
This theory also states that a star is formed when a large amount of dust is spun until it ignites
and becomes a star. But not always did we see the universe as we do now. Today, we know that
the center of the solar system is the sun. This is the heliocentric theory. In the past, another
largely accepted hypothesis was that the earth was the center of the solar system, not the sun.
While this has been disproven, when the idea first originated it made a lot of sense based on the
crude tools and methods that were used. . But as astronomy became more prominent and
Researched it became clear that we orbited the Sun and not vice versa. The way these people
were able to figure this out was by paying attention to our relationship with our neighboring
planets and just the seasons on our planet. There was no way a solar system with the Earth at
the center could show the results they were observing in the Stars. And with the invention of
telescopes, it became easier and easier to understand where we were in our solar system.
Tools. Infinitely important to the field of astronomy. Think about it from the very simple
telescopes to the ridiculously advanced like spacecraft and Rockets. But what exactly are all
these tools and what do they do. First off, and previously mentioned the telescope. The two
basic forms of telescopes are the refracting, and reflecting telescopes. Refracting telescopes take
in a lot of light then focus it to a point, kind of like Zoom in. All the other hand reflecting
telescopes use mirrors. Specifically using concave mirrors To reflect the light in two points.
Those telescopes have 2 ways to focus the light however both Focus the light down for human
eyes to observe. The next tool used to record data in our solar system is a satellite. A satellite is
anything that orbits around a celestial body. But the kind that is used in astronomy is equipped
with instruments and cameras to record as much as possible. Up next, a space probe. A space
probe is a device used to gather the information it observed very far off planets or even systems.
They can land on these planets, fly by them, or anything of the sort. Similar to a space probe, a
spacecraft is a vehicle used to travel in space. It can be anything from a shuttle to a space
station. Also, a spacecraft is a manned vehicle, meaning it has people inside. The next is the
space rover. There have been many types of Rovers over the course of space exploration, Sum
transport members of the crew while others are just robots. But all of them are land vehicles
designed for other planets. A manned space mission is where a crew is sent into space in a craft
or ship. The difference between a space mission and a manned space mission is that one may
have a crew and the other one won’t. How do we get all these objects into space? Well, that is
the doing of this deck stool, the booster. Boosters are frequently used as the first stage of getting
a rocket into space. It is incredibly powerful at burns Through fuel or really quickly. The
booster’s goal is to get the rocket high enough so the slower burning propulsion devices can
work in space. A rocket is something that is propelled into space at a very high velocity. It
typically breaks into a series of smaller boosters and modules as it travels to its destination. A
reusable launch system is just what it sounds like. A large system that is capable of coming
back to the ground and still being intact. But why this is so important is because Rockets take a
lot of money and resources to build. So These reusable launch systems are the way of the future.
But with all these tools it wouldn't matter much if we didn't know where All The planets
are located in our solar system. And is quite surprising where all the planets are located And the
different variety of sizes Throughout the solar system. Just from looking at the models of the
solar system, we get a false sense of the size and distance of planets and the distances between
them. In reality, these planets are so far apart, particularly Neptune and Uranus, that you could
fit the sun in between the space separating them roughly 1 ½ times. The distance between the
sun and the Kuiper belt is roughly 30 AU(astronomical units). And the farthest edges are 50
AU’s apart. The spacing between our planets is also very uneven. When observing other solar
systems, you may find that we are actually an outlier. We have such and od spacing in or planet.
Mercury is only .39 of an AU and from the sun, Venus is .723, while Neptune is 30.6. But all
the other planets also vary in smaller ways. The distance from the Earth to the sun is 1 AU and
the distance from the Sun to the Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter is about 3.2 AU. The
distance from the Sun to Mars is 1.5. Then you see that the distance from the Sun to Jupiter is
5.2 AU while Saturn is 9.5. Uranus is 19.2 AU away from the sun. The only consistencies we
see are in the rocky celestial bodies closer to the sun. Once you get from Mars to Jupiter, the
planets start to vary in size and distance even more so. For example, the smallest planet,
Mercury, is only 3,031.9 miles in diameter. While on the contrary, Jupiter is 86,881 miles in
diameter. Even compared to the earth, Mercury is on the small side. The earth is roughly 2.5
times the size. And likewise to the distance between the planets, the gas giants only scale up as
you travel farther into the solar system. When comparing the size of the largest rock planet to
the size of the smallest gas planet, the gas planet is larger by about 4 fold. I spotted but when we
know where all these Celestial bodies are located we can also understand the relationship
between us the Moon and the Sun. For example, the tidal force. High tide occurs twice a day.
The same goes for low tides. High tide and low tides occur around six hours apart Because of
the Earth's and Moon’s orientation to each other. How tidal forces work are when the moon is
on for example the left side of the Earth than the portion of the earth that was facing towards the
moon and away from it would be at high tide wow besides that wear 90 degrees to the Apex
will be in low tide. These title forces occur no matter what things like seasons and weather don't
affect this. Speaking of seasons because of the Earth's Tilt. But it does not stop at just these two
examples, everything on earth is caused by its relationship with the Sun, and Moon.
In conclusion, our solar system was created by a nebula that came from a supernova.
Using the technology of today, we can further observe our solar system and learn more every
day. It is also far bigger and more intricate than we could have ever known. Based on the
models we’ve been shown, we have been led to believe that the celestial bodies within our solar
system are close and almost equally spaced when in reality their distance is significantly larger
than we think. And we should always pay attention to our stars because we owe our weather
and seasons and tides. So the least we can do is try to enlighten ourselves when we can.