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Sample Test
Grosvenor 3e: Testbank: Chapter 3
1) Which of the following is the correct order, from smallest unit to largest?
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
1. a) atoms.
2. b) cells.
3. c) organs.
4. d) tissues.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
3) The pancreas is part of the endocrine system and also part of the digestive
system.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 2: LO 3.1.2 Name the organ systems that work with the
digestive system to deliver nutrients and eliminate wastes.
4) The ____ system aids the digestive system by secreting hormones which
regulate how much we eat and how quickly food and nutrients travel through the
digestive system.
1. a) cardiovascular
2. b) endocrine
3. c) integumentary
4. d) nervous
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: LO 3.1.2 Name the organ systems that work with the
digestive system to deliver nutrients and eliminate wastes.
5) Discuss how various other organ systems work with the digestive system to
deliver nutrients and eliminate wastes.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 2: LO 3.1.2 Name the organ systems that work with the
digestive system to deliver nutrients and eliminate wastes.
Solution: The digestive system is aided by nervous system, which sends nerve
signals that help control the passage of food through the digestive tract; by the
cardiovascular system, which transports nutrients to individual cells in the body;
and by the urinary, respiratory, and integumentary systems, which eliminate
wastes generated by the body. The digestive system is also assisted by the
endocrine system, which secretes hormones that help regulate how much we
eat and how quickly food and nutrients travel through the digestive system.
6) When you eat a taco, the tortilla, meat, cheese, lettuce, and tomato are
broken apart, releasing the nutrients and other food components they contain.
This process is called
1. a) absorption.
2. b) digestion.
3. c) neutralization.
4. d) transit.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
1. a) Amino acids
2. b) Fatty acids
3. c) Fiber
4. d) Sugars
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
1. a) Minerals
2. b) Protein
3. c) Vitamins
4. d) Water
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
9) Proteins are broken down into _____ whereas fats are digested mostly into
_____.
1. a) amino acids, sugars
2. b) amino acids, fatty acids
3. c) fatty acids, sugars
4. d) glucose, vitamins
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
10) The time it takes food to travel the length of the GI tract is called the transit
time.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
11) Sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed into the body.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
12) Indicate the name of each of the marked organs and describe each organ’s
function in the digestive system.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.2 List the organs that make up the digestive system.
Section Reference 1: Section 3.2 The Digestive System
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.2 List the organs that make up the digestive system.
Solution: Starting at the top of the visual: mouth, salivary glands, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine,
anus
14) The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that begins at the mouth and ends
at the colon.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.2 List the organs that make up the digestive system.
15) Food still in the lumen is not available for use by the cells.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.2 List the organs that make up the digestive system.
16) Factors that influence transit time include all of the following EXCEPT the
1. a) composition of the meal.
2. b) emotional status of the individual.
3. c) use of certain medications.
4. d) all of these influence transit time.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.2 List the organs that make up the digestive system.
17. The mucosa has high nutrient requirements and will show signs of nutrient
deficiency early.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.4 Explain the roles of mucus, enzymes, nerves, and
hormones in digestion.
18) _____ lubricates, moistens, and protects the cells within the mucosa.
1. a) Bile
2. b) Enzymes
3. c) Lumen
4. d) Mucus
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.4 Explain the roles of mucus, enzymes, nerves, and
hormones in digestion.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.4 Explain the roles of mucus, enzymes, nerves, and
hormones in digestion.
20) Enzymes are substrate specific, meaning that lipases will only digest lipids.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.4 Explain the roles of mucus, enzymes, nerves, and
hormones in digestion.
21) Protein molecules that increase the rate of specific chemical reactions
without themselves being changed are
1. a) enzymes.
2. b) hormones.
3. c) mucus.
4. d) nerves.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.4 Explain the roles of mucus, enzymes, nerves, and
hormones in digestion.
1. a) enzymes
2. b) hormones
3. c) mucus
4. d) nerves
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the digestive
system.
Learning Objective 2: 3.2.4 Explain the roles of mucus, enzymes, nerves, and
hormones in digestion.
Section Reference 1: Section 3.2 The Digestive System
23) The ____ is responsible for swallowing and is also a part of the respiratory
tract.
1. a) epiglottis
2. b) esophagus
3. c) mouth
4. d) pharynx
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
24) Bicarbonate neutralizes the acid in chyme, which allows ___ from the
pancreas and small intestine to function.
1. a) capillaries
2. b) enzymes
3. c) hormones
4. d) lacteals
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
25) The slow movement of food stuff through the _____ favors the growth of
microflora.
1. a) large intestine
2. b) pancreas
3. c) small intestine
4. d) stomach
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
26) The first location of chemical and mechanical digestion is the stomach.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
27) During swallowing, the air passages are blocked by a flap of tissue called the
pharynx.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
29) Describe how food moves from the esophagus into the stomach.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
1. a) bicarbonate.
2. b) the bolus.
3. c) chyme.
4. d) pepsin.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
1. a) choking.
2. b) constipation.
3. c) heartburn.
4. d) vomiting.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
33) What might occur if the sphincter denoted here doesn’t close correctly, and
some of the contents from the stomach enter into the esophagus?
1. a) Choking
2. b) Constipation
3. c) Heartburn
4. d) Peptic ulcers
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
34) _____ is a circular muscle that acts as a valve, opening and closing to allow
the gastric contents to move throughout the GI tract.
1. a) Connective tissue
2. b) The lumen
3. c) A sphincter
4. d) The rectum
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
1. a) serves as a temporary storage site.
2. b) contents are highly alkaline.
3. c) secretes lipases that complete fat digestion.
4. d) manufactures bile.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
1. a) Amino acids
2. b) Fatty acids
3. c) Glucose
4. d) Protein
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
40) These yogurts are good sources of ____, which contain active cultures of
beneficial bacteria.
1. a) fiber
2. b) prebiotics
3. c) probiotics
4. d) Vitamin E
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
41) Fiber retains water, thus when adequate fiber and fluids are consumed, feces
have a higher water content and are more easily passed.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.1 Describe what happens in each of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
Learning Objective 2: 3.6.3 List the types of molecules that can be made from
glucose, from fatty acids, and from amino acids.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.2 Discuss factors that influence how quickly food
moves through the GI tract.
1. a) high-carbohydrate
2. b) high-fat
3. c) high-protein
4. d) low-fat
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.2 Discuss factors that influence how quickly food
moves through the GI tract.
45) The nutritional composition of a meal affects how long it stays in the
stomach.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.2 Discuss factors that influence how quickly food
moves through the GI tract.
Section Reference 1: Section 3.3 Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients
46) Explain how the nutritional composition and size of the meal influence transit
time.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.2 Discuss factors that influence how quickly food
moves through the GI tract.
Solution: A small, carbohydrate-rich meal will leave your stomach far more
quickly than a larger meal containing more protein, fiber, and fat.
47) Explain how the structure of the small intestine relates to its function in
absorption. Include a description of brush border, villi and microvilli, lacteal, and
capillary.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.3 Explain how the structure of the small intestine aids
in its function.
Solution: The wall of the small intestine is arranged in large circular folds which
increase the surface area in contact with nutrients. The entire inner surface is
covered with fingerlike projections called villi. Each villus contains a capillary
(small blood vessel) and a lacteal (small lymph vessel). Each villus is covered
with tiny projections of the mucosal cell membranes called microvilli
(collectively termed the brush border). Some the digestive enzymes produced
by the small intestine are located here. Absorption takes place within the brush
border.
48) Each villus contains a capillary where fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.3 Explain how the structure of the small intestine aids
in its function.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.3 Explain how the structure of the small intestine aids
in its function.
50) ____ neutralizes the acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine.
1. a) Bile
2. b) Bicarbonate
3. c) Gastrin
4. d) Pepsin
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
Learning Objective 2: 3.3.3 Explain how the structure of the small intestine aids
in its function.
51) The transport of substances across a cell membrane with the aid of a carrier
molecule and the expenditure of energy is
1. a) active transport.
2. b) facilitated diffusion.
3. c) osmosis.
4. d) simple diffusion.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
1. a) higher, lower
2. b) lower, higher
3. c) neither (there is no net movement)
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
1. a) active transport.
2. b) facilitated diffusion.
3. c) osmosis.
4. d) simple diffusion.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.3 Explain what happens to food in each segment of the
digestive tract.
54) Peyer’s patches, located in the mucosa of the small intestine, function to:
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
55.) When an antigen is present, ____ are the first type of white blood cell to
come to the body’s defense.
1. a) antigens
2. b) antibodies
3. c) lymphocytes
4. d) phagocytes
Anwers: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
Learning Objective 2: 3.4.1 Explain how the gastrointestinal tract protects us
from infection.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
1. a) eggs
2. b) milk
3. c) strawberries
4. d) wheat
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
1. a) constipation.
2. b) food allergies.
3. c) gallstones.
4. d) peptic ulcers.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
60) The most common cause of peptic ulcers is misuse of medications such as
aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
61) ____ is a chronic condition in which acidic stomach contents leak into the
esophagus, causing pain and damaging the esophagus.
1. a) Constipation
2. b) GERD
3. c) Heartburn
4. d) Vomiting
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.4 Discuss disorders of the digestive system and food
allergies.
62) Jasmine has gallstones and experiences severe pain when she eats. What
substance should she avoid to try to reduce the pain she is experiencing?
1. a) Caffeinated coffee
2. b) French fries
3. c) Fresh fruits and vegetables
4. d) Peppermint and spearmint
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 2: 3.4.4 Explain how dental problems and gallstones might
affect food intake.
63) Gallstones can interfere with bile secretions and reduce fat absorption.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
64) In regard to blood circulation, if you begin with oxygen-poor blood that
reaches the heart from the body and is pumped through arteries to capillaries of
the lungs, then determine the order for the following:
1. In capillaries of the body, nutrients and oxygen move from the blood to
body tissues.
2. Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart from the lungs by veins.
3. In capillaries of the lungs, oxygen from inhaled air is picked up by the
blood and carbon dioxide is released into the lungs and exhaled.
4. Oxygen-rich blood is pumped out of the heart into arteries leading to the
body.
1. a) 1 → 3 → 4 → 2
2. b) 4 → 2 → 1 → 3
3. c) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
4. d) 2 → 3 → 1 → 4
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.5 Describe how the circulatory system delivers nutrients
to the cells of the body, the structure and function of the lymphatic system, and
how wastes are eliminated from the body.
Learning Objective 1: 3.5.1 Trace the path of blood circulation.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: 3.5 Describe how the circulatory system delivers nutrients
to the cells of the body, the structure and function of the lymphatic system, and
how wastes are eliminated from the body.
66) The exchange of nutrients and gases occurs across the thin walls of the
1. a) blood capillaries.
2. b) lacteals.
3. c) pharynx.
4. d) large intestine.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.5 Describe how the circulatory system delivers nutrients
to the cells of the body, the structure and function of the lymphatic system, and
how wastes are eliminated from the body.
67) Lymph vessels from the intestine drain into the thoracic duct near the heart.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.5 Describe how the circulatory system delivers nutrients
to the cells of the body, the structure and function of the lymphatic system, and
how wastes are eliminated from the body.
68) The hepatic portal circulation delivers nutrients from the lacteals to the liver.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.5 Describe how the circulatory system delivers nutrients
to the cells of the body, the structure and function of the lymphatic system, and
how wastes are eliminated from the body.
69) As compared to when you are at rest between meals, when you have eaten a
meal, a ____________ proportion of your blood goes to your digestive system.
1. a) smaller
2. b) the same
3. c) greater
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.5 Describe how the circulatory system delivers nutrients
to the cells of the body, the structure and function of the lymphatic system, and
how wastes are eliminated from the body.
Learning Objective 1: 3.5.2 Discuss how blood flow is affected by eating and
activity.
70) As compared to when you are at rest between meals, when you are
exercising, a ___________ proportion of your blood goes to your digestive system.
1. a) smaller
2. b) the same
3. c) greater
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.5 Describe how the circulatory system delivers nutrients
to the cells of the body, the structure and function of the lymphatic system, and
how wastes are eliminated from the body.
Learning Objective 1: 3.5.2 Discuss how blood flow is affected by eating and
activity.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
72) Substances absorbed into the lymphatic system do not pass through the liver
before entering the general blood circulation.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
1. a) circulatory
2. b) integumentary
3. c) respiratory
4. d) urinary
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.5.4 List four ways in which waste products are
eliminated from the body.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: 3.5.4 List four ways in which waste products are
eliminated from the body.
75) Nutrients are used for energy or to synthesize substances in the body after
they are absorbed.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
Learning Objective 1: 3.6.1 Discuss two general ways in which nutrients can be
used after they have been absorbed.
1. a) mitochondria
2. b) nucleus
3. c) phagocyte
4. d) ribosomes
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
1. a) mitochondria
2. b) nucleus
3. c) phagocyte
4. d) ribosomes
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
78) Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert glucose, fatty acids, and amino
acids into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
79) The end results of cellular respiration include all of the following EXCEPT
1. a) amino acids.
2. b) carbon dioxide.
3. c) energy.
4. d) water.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
80) Cellular respiration converts all of the substrates into energy EXCEPT:
1. a) amino acids.
2. b) carbon dioxide.
3. c) fatty acids.
4. d) glucose.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
81) Excess amino acids can be converted into fatty acids and stored as body fat.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: 3.6 Describe how the body derives energy and other
products from carbohydrates, lipids, and protein.
Learning Objective 2: 3.6.3 List the types of molecules that can be made from
glucose, from fatty acids, and from amino acids.