Educational Buildings Occasional Paper No. 10 EDUCRTION FOR ALL FURNITURE i wei s UNESCO PRINCIPAL REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, BANGKOK, FEBRUARY, 2000.$00 Principal Regional Oe lo Asia an the Pct. -Egucaon fr al future. Bangkok: UNESCO PROAP 2000, 75. Educational buildings occasional pape na. 10) 1. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. 2. EDUCATIONAL EQUIPMENT. 3. SCHOOL FURNITURE. 4. BASIC EDUCATION. 5. LIFELONG EDUCATION 6. NONFORMAL EDUCATION. 7. ADULT EDUCATION. 8 GUIDES. Tile. I Series. 7208 ‘ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘Ou special thanks goto Ms. Pancdvan Vanjyananda who worked tirelessly fo assemble ‘niga manuserp, drawing, sketches and let no neat compiaton using her computer sil. We hereby wish 0 acknowledge her valuable contibuion forthe production otis document. Hiroko Kishigami Vielor Order Educational Builaings, Director Pannings and Design ‘UNESCO PROAP ‘UNESCO PROAP Banglok, Thailand Bangkok, Trailand ‘© UNESCO 2000 Published bythe UNESCO Principal Regional fice fo Asia andthe Pic 0, Box 967, Praanong Pos fice Bangiok 10110, Thailand Pr ited in Thain The designations emplayed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do nat imply the expression of ary onion whatsoever onthe part of UNESCO concerning the legal s.tus of any County, leroy, iy or re oof authorities, or concerning is ones or boundaries.CONTENTS PREFACE 1 DINING HALL BENCH (S/5: Size A, E) - THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF EFA FURNITURE DESIGN 2 TEACHER DESK AND MULTIPURPOSE TABLE (S/6: Size E) 3 PRODUCTION AND ASSEMBLY OF FURNITURE 3 _* EFA, FURNITURES MADE OF BAMBOO STANDING HEIGHT 4 WATER PIPE CONNECTOR (B1) __ 5% STATURE DATA FITTING TO FURNITURE SIZE 5 STUDENT DOUBLE DESK (8/2 : Size €) ERGONOMICS DATA - SITTING POSTURE 6 STUDENT BENCH (8/3 Size E) ee FURNITURE SIZES AND DISTRIBUTION 8 COMPUTER DESK (8/4 : Size €)_ _ __ 60 DIMENSIONS OF DESK AND SEAT TOP IN RELATION TO CLASSROOM SIZES 3 COMPUTER STOOL 8/5 :SizeE) st FURNITURE LAYOUT, 10 CABINET (8/6) 8 TESTING OF FURNITURE: PROTOTYPE FURNITURE {1 _* EFA FURNITURES ACCESSORIES DRAWINGS CHALK BOARO (At) a es * EFA. FURNITURES MADE OF WOOD/PLYWOOD PIN-UP BOARD (A) 6h STUDENT DOUBLE DESK (W/1:SizeA-E) 2 CART FOR OVER HEAD PROJECTOR (A3) ee 6 STUDENT DOUBLE BENCH (W/2:SizeA-E) 1 _ _ # STUDENT SINGLE DESK (W/3: Size A= 6) _ 2 CART FOR CAROUSEL (A/S) a STUDENT CHAIR (W/4 : Size A~€) _ ma) BOOK SHELVES (A/6) _ 8 PRESCHOOL TABLE AND STOOL (W/S : Size Al “32 SKETCHES TEACHER DESK, CHAIR AND MULTIPURPOSE TABLE (W/6 Size E) 34 —_* CATEGORIES OF FURNITURE WORKING TABLE AND STOOL 8 * EFA, FURNITURES MADE OF STEEL/PLYWOOD TROLLEY AND MULTIPURPOSE FURNITURE 70 STUDENT DOUBLE DESK (S/1:SieA-E) 38 PARTITIONS, STORAGE FURNITURE = STUDENT STOOL (S/2 : Size A- €) aoe _ 48 WALL FOR INFORMATION, DISPLAY & EXHIBITION. 72 PRE-PRIMARY CLASS SQUARE TABLE (S/3 : Size A) 48 + EDUCATION FOR ALL LEARNING CENTER B DINING HALL TABLE (S/4: Size A, 6) 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY %Educational furniture has the critical importance relative to learning effectiveness and the health of children as well as ‘adults who continue to educate themselves in learning society of 21" Century. Although furniture is one of the most ‘expensive and important components of education, itis very often neglected and inadequately informed field. UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok has been providing technical assistance and advice ‘on various aspects of the school furniture project in the region and meanwhile developed a series of educational furniture over the years The first of a series of educational furniture was developed in 1960"to answer the needs of implementing the Universal Primary Education for the newly independent countries of Asia and the Pacific Region by the Asian Regional Institute for School Building Research. Subsequently, many designs have been added and improved over the years by specialists in the region, which was published as “Classroom Furniture Made of Wood ', Educational Building Documents Reprint Series Number E8 This new series is an attempt to introduce Education For All Furniture designed to meet the need of Basic Education, ‘Adult Education, Non-formal Education, Information Dissemi- nation and Skill Training within the framework of Lifelong Education For All. The large increase in the nunber of learners with the wide age range for lifelong learning and the variety of subject necessary to improve quality of life and to alleviate poverty, has completely changed the scale of furniture requirement. The EFA furniture was designed so that they can be constructed using local technology and locally available material such as plywood, water pipes, bamboo, steel as well as wood. At the same time EFA furniture should be designed so that these furniture are affordable by every country and easy to maintain by school and community ‘The 1995 UNESCO data shows that there are 651 nillion ilterate adults in Asia and the Pacific who need to be educated along with 75 million in 6-11 age group and 202 milion in 12-17 age group who drop out of schoots or whe hardly manage to learn in schools. Thus the special attention has been paid to the situation in rural primary schools or urban but poor disadvantaged ares where often adults and youth have to use the same furniture as primary students during evening classes. The furniture for early childhood education is another important area which is expected to expand during 21° Century. The special attention has to be made when designing for preschool children in term of body sizes and teaching/ learning methods. A series of low cost design has been developed for this age group. The design, manufacture and supply of educational furniture poses a series of interrelated problems: functional, aesthetic industrial, technical, economic, financial, management and adninistrative. Thus the educational furniture projet should be planned carefully following “THE PROCESS ' recommended in this publication. For further information, the publication PREFACE “School furniture handbook, Volume One; General and specific aspects and Volume Two; Practical examples and illustrations, UNESCO, Paris, 1979 ' (Educational buildings and Equipment] should be referred.THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL FURNITURE DESIGN 4. Construct small scale model using soft wood, according to the drawing, (scale 1:10 or larger model, if necessary) 2. Improve design after examining the scale model furniture. 3. Repeat the above process tll satisfactory 4, Produce drawing in real size (scale 1-1) and exanine and correct til satisfactory 5. Cogiict one furniture and test. 6. CONBAct one classroom furniture, repeat the process tl satisfactory. (Refer to “CLASSROOM FURNITURE MADE OF WOOD, EDUCARIONAL BUILDING DOCUMENTS, REPRINT SERIES NO. E8, 1991", Figure 5, The Process of Supplying Furniture to Schools)sunvey © Appraise existing furniture @© Anthropometric survey @ Survey existing - model abroad @ interface @ “anutacturer tract OEFINE | COLLECT PLAN DESIGN PROTOTYPE PRODUCE SUPPLY LAYOUT | | OBJECTIVE —|_PRELIMINARY DATA | | AND TEST MAINTENANCE Lpssors Bported Species Apoees Spastes Spoons 1) | | i @ Etucationat — | @ Educational @ decide @ Cesign brief @ Prototype | ® Manufacture @ Catalogue objective | requirement | Use existing @ esign contract | @ Prototype @® Packing | @ Stocking | @ Econonic | © How many Furniture or @ cesign | test @ deliver | objective furniture you need Design new or @ Costing | @ “rototype @® Layout | | © Cost of furniture | Import | @ Prototype | Test in Classroom @ Naintenance | @ Production - @® Anatysis of cost | contract @ Standara | potential @® ‘hoose i @ saninistrative | anuteturer“STANDING HEIGHT GROUP! GROUP IL GROUP I by growth rate of children in 21 countries in Asia and the Pacific Source ; Educational Building Digest No.1, $984 UNESCO Bangkok, 1984 4 country sex STANQING HEIGHT (en teach iears) 5 6 7 8 8 MR Bw Oe ‘ucrali (19701972) Mo Wot tm) ta eee tl ee ete nl Fee Sao 26 Sets) tst_ eet Japan (967 Maas eggs Oa " Ge nd a ee Singapore 98H 4 te 49 as ae Bee Casts Poe BSS tsa s8__ te Tonga 980) " : = Be oo : - rina 950 ¥ =e ; aes . F eee : : : Papua New Gunes 1981 ¥ > ie Sa = mn eee 135 Bz 6 1388? = ongate (950) ys ee hen)? Sa ty Be Meeks adives (9) y= ie tata) STO STs Ft ie. $3 MS ee tse tess “ghana (75) yt ne a a fof wots Bees) xe Bangladesh i981) 4 ime aS fw Huo waar 150 SO inary, Me ae Bm ass) Fa eeceseeeeroeeris Senos Worea RO. 97 -nsmo 19 ue ISOS ese F M9 8 No Ness 85 ses Talaaia 098 ¥ Mme 9 ee BE we WSS) Fst zoe ote alana tT a see Ty uae sh Sees ees oie reel twee tise tas wes sss Fhaland 097m Cr BR) ws) esse Foto tea Bra so tse Priipprnes 57S) CS] “ toe tore aks Bhutan 150) we eee a “ Fie Be eNOS inaa to) eee eee oes re 2) Bo Bs SS immer nt Ee mvEecrisaen BMT Gatos 1957 4 wr sis at eos se Tee Ft oe ose Lo A Gos tsa W aa eeearieass| ae Bs ss - é Ma ta : Wena 58) " soa : : 5 a — - oe = indonesia 1972) 5 we ea a a a a Fas e335 uo aS GROUP a Be eet SSS aRouPT Me nes eS Fotos Ror Wo GATS tte ost 10008 estas roe flrs Se 0B 150) Teme WW EAS0E 92] ees EESSTATURE DATA FITTING TO FURNITURE SIZES Boys & Girls combined inc. 25m for shoes A l . = fs 3 : 150) +50) 150] g 145] 1u5| 145] A" 8 140 140) 140) hy . {8} trae/Table height dese i 110 10 eet vol wl - fen | GROUP | GROUP |! GROUP IIIERGONOMICS -SITTING POSTURE The spine of a baby has an “ARC’ curve When standing, the spine of an adult has a "Natural or Relaxed” *S" curve. In this position the muscles that support the spine are balanced and the discs that separate the vertebrae are nof unduly compressed. The characteristic of this positon isa LORDOSIS. 6 THE TWO MOST FREQUENCY POSITIONS IN CLASSROOM (Discussion, listening position) “@ ‘Reading, writing position) \ y \ SITTING POSITION TO MAINTAIN LORDOSIS 2 (on) ‘The seat angie is inclined backwards, pushing the pelvis and lower spine against curved backrest which prevents rotation of the pelvis and maintain the normal curvature ofthe spine The weight of the trunk transmitted by the spine, tends to rotate the pelvis backwards The spine is arched and its ‘normal lordosis is lost Thigh and trunk form an angle of about 130 degree which maintain normal lordosis and the rotation of pelvis do not occurAbe prea andar for sho seal ae Eaed onan. The igh angled ere pon isin fa an esa postion In his poston ou cant lint or tne of ston hes a he ght angle he desk | The student arches over the work in order to reduce focal length. In | To avoid these unusual ar uncomfortable postions student takes up the sort of postion in fhe figure ilusrated here. These are some of the positions student takes to get comfortable and get right focal point atthe right angle othe desk ERGONOMICS -SITTING POSTURE COMFORT FACTORS OBJECTIVE DESIGN SOLUTION 1. SKELETAL, | + To maintain lumber lordosis + Standing position * To prevent rotation of pelvis | * 130. position {To prevent deformation of spine) stabilization + Tobe able to change posture + To minimize the muscular work to stop slipping + To allow postural changes a-nuscutan | «Tomine ems vat nk + ugh ere free tpg wee 3. VISUAL + To allow work at near point * Children’s + To allow work at right angle eye level right angle 90° f vrtng ‘4 ARTERIES VEINS, NERVES] » Avoid undue pressure on the soft areas of the . Weight of body to be and SOFT TISSUE buttocks, the back and the underside of the thigh ‘supported at ISCHIAL | ruarosmies 5. BODY HEAT | * Maintain good ventilation } (seep. ) + For cooling use naterial of a high thermal | conuciy 6. VISCERAL | + Not to compress internal body SEAT PROFILES The design of seating for schools is a mater of conpronise. Fostural considerations point tothe provision of two sorts af chai, ra chair capable of adjustment. Sinilary in relation tthe working plane, an incied surface best for writing but isnot convenient when several fables are grouped for team vrk and alse pencs rol down fromthe surfaces. Oniyin certain cases can the idea configuration be given to schoo furniture without compronise ‘Student no longee spend long hours sitting in one postion. Inscence and health clases, students are expeces to participate in orcessorintes and act based experince of earning the subjects such as man ad his ervronnent, In regard t confor, whats intolerable for long periods perety tolerable for short period. When students havea greater chance fo change postin, to gt up and nove around it il be more tolerable 7FURNITURE SIZES AND DISTRIBUTION The number of sizes of furniture to be manufactured has to be decided. It is usually most economical to decide on a animal number of furniture sizes to fit the school population SIZES OF FURNITURE Based on data from Asia and Pacific five sizes of furniture are recommended; furniture size A, 8, CD and E with size A being the smallest size and sie £ the largest. For any county, only four different sizes of furniture would be needed. Thus intr in Group | and Il will require al except the smallest sizeof furniture while those in Group il wil require all except the largest. Table shows the distribution of furniture size for different ages in Groups| and I. It can be seen that white Groups | and I! will use the same four furiture sizes, within each group each size is suited to children of different age! Within this range, comfortable furniture shouldbe found for most ofthe children in a school. Sizing furniture to fit an age ranges more diffcut than sizing a set to fit an inividual In this context, the concept of “margins of tolerance” (ie, the tolerable misfit of furniture) is more important than fit. The sernissible margins of tolerance (Unesco, 1979] for chairs, for example, are established as a “tolerance below fit” of 40 em and a tolerance above fit of 70cm. This order of tolerance is still considerably less than that accepted by most parents for their children at home when a sixyearoldsitsin an adult chair at the cining table the tolerance above fitis about 1.0 cm. 2. ONE SIZE OF FURNITURE There are several cases when itis necessary to use the anly one size of furniture. In arder to promote the Lifelong Education For Al the more primary sthools are providing the non-formal education in the evening or during holidays, thus both adults and children wil have to use the same furniture. The second case is that due tothe tack of school buildings and practice ofthe split shift system, both large and small children have to use the same furniture In the case of the desks, this can be accommodated by providing afoot ret forthe smaller size children, For the low 8 Furniture sizes suitable for standing height and age ranges by group of countries ‘Sfanding Height cm) Corresponding Age Range in Each Group IM: Male F: Female! Furniture Size Range Group! Group i Group A 02-113 5 MF sé F 5-7 OME 8 18-130 6-8 Mer 1-9 MoE Bef c 30-147 om OM 0-3 OM wet Mer 0 1a 164 we oF BOF the Mer E 164-179 Bem eM 2 bench, 2 foot rest can be provided for smaller size children recommended for classes used by both adults and children Size 0 Desk and Bench wth a footrest may be used by 2A Desk and Bench is recommended fr preschool classes. split shift lasses, Size E Desk and Bench with a foot restis Preschool BY Primary school i prinary/ nd slf]—_Sesndry sofa tet yaa EBD SHI ‘30-7 emis) TWh en SHI Tek iH 2 ; 2 E | 15 in 1 eee 4 916 rs. 2 oy es & oye ow s i 2 ™ 320 60 Preschoot EY Primary schol a) Z gz M0cm (SH) | 140 cm (SH 2 Zz | . | 618 s | en | "= | 2 5 | yrs. ue z yrs. 490 * 440. 7 270 = = ialDIMENSIONS OF DESH AND SEAT TOP IN RELATION 10 CLASSROOM SIZES: (so i* 20 f'|__ 400 280 Fee YH. i re 0 00 STANDARD CLASSROOM DIMENSIONS TOP VIEN aR al fi zat / ' it) = | 4 | | {| E (ose = 8] t a \ ‘oy BBESERERER| 21/5) | — aa : nie 7.00%9.007m a | te\es se viewFURNITURE LAYOUT CHALKBOARD VIEWING about 10 a |e tk se back ‘The minimum set-back for students and desk will ery according tothe com width However, the teacher needs 2 space 130 m deep fo move FURNITURE LAYOUT: Normal 40 students iassroom raxdear/ Pin Board sex 00 eal t am | ax bore! (eT an Tp am wie jo) OD =n) [0 Furniture layout for ef ty Furniture layout for meeting, group discussion Future layout for demonstration: drama stage, music, game onstage etc Furniture layout for non formal education, aul educa, skill and vocational rainingTESTING OF FURNITURE: Prototype Furniture Testing single student chair at Industrial Research Center, Bangkok Thailand, * ‘School furniture should be tested and redesigned until satisfactory, and then mass-produced. * Where there is no Testing Institution, just by dropping frem above and standing on the top by several adults would do [ ~ tar | desk | eee cee tcc eens 60 kg | 60 kg ] Stability 45 kg 3 comers | 10cm | om Test put weight on each corner | 30/minute 30/minute 00 times 2000 fines | "40 TOP 42 View “5 OETAILA TOP SURFACE: “ysecrion ZB g Pry hick ine lacquer ting : “ard weod tame fue = soo stay 10 HS 4 fs |__________ 490 aor vars : _ 4 Pat Yale Fess | Oy us aL A] Ppwood mn thik lacquered [1 2 3 | tarda x25 ensedon | Lane 3 1 | tardweos25250amarton | Lacoeree | 2 | tardveos25xStmaaron | Laqueed | & 3 | tardweosSOxsdamarton | tacored | & 4 | tarde 25250enseton | Lxqurd | 1 SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEWPSECTION ZB DETAILA Top suRFACE = Plywood & mm thick 3 fine lacquer coating Hardwood frame ToPVIEW “Al edges rounded 400 sys ws |50}-5 st] ws ‘ 4 1 ILO: MATERINLS = nies cS Fiywood tn ek cued cS x hacdvend 122 ansedan | Laccuered rare vand 25150 mn sect | Lacquered | 2 hardwond 5250 nnsedin | Logue | 6 hardwood S)xS0ansectan | Lacquered | & ard wood 25x50 mn section | Lequered | Pwd 1a hc SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW' STUDENT DESK (DOUBLE) Hard Wood/Plywood DETAIL A TOP SURFACE. | section ZB Phywcd & mm thick 3 ine lacquer coating T Hard od frame TOP VIEW “al edges rounded 00 PT ost ws 4S {50)-5 i 50) 18 5, Burr oo a) SIDE VIEW me ‘| a | Le | FRONT VIEW Pywood & thick tard ood 12325: setan ard vot 2550 sctin| har woot 25150 nm secon tar wood 50x50 nm acon hard vod 25 50 mn sein Pywced 18 tick lacquered | 1 Lacquered | laquerd | 2 laqueed | 6 lacquered | 4 lacquered (1 aque | 1OETAILA TOP SURFACE Plywood & mm thick 3 fine lacquer coating Hardwood fame sys 45 j50)-5 4 Say | hws ee _| te TOP VIEW 1200 SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW TA] Phvond nm tik = o—L Materal 8 | hardwood 12425 nm sein 1 | hardwood 25350 am secon | hard vood 2550 am sen G w 1} Plwaed 18 tick Provezes lacquered Lacquered | Lacquered Lacquered STUDENT DESK (DOUBLE)Hard Woot/Plywood a s 3 3 B 5 é a a Pare ae Lett RFFORDAGLE FURNI OETAILA TOP SURFACE. = Plywoad 6m tick 3 tne lacquer cating Hard wood frame 400 sso. jus 50 BE wis) 4 E TOP VIEW 1200 SIDE VIEW | BLOFMATERLS _ | Pat ae Fama [Oy ak 1 ‘a | Plywcad bam tick lacquered) 1 ep B | hard wood 12325 mm section Lacquered 2 | © | hardwees2SaSoemsedon | Lacuered | 2. | | @ | herded aston | lard | 6 + I G_ | hardwood 50x50 an sectin | Lacquered | 6 | hedwnt5eStonanton | taco | + | FRONTVIEW | Pwd nth tact ||60 eT = 3) —__ | |Z | TOP VIEW 8 a | Bl §| 20 | 50 so so] 50 \\ _ {sy ees 6 \ “ \ n0 op SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW Pee ® KA BLOF MATRALS pee Pat rote Prowse [0 A | fardwned SeStam eden | lacquered | & 8 | hardwocdSxS0mmsetion | Lacquered 4 | C1 | hardwood 25x50mnsetion | Lacquered | 2 } 2 | tarévood25 Stem section | lacquered | 2 EE——e—— oor aE Tete850 af | g/S{{ a| a a a Z| Se TOP VIEW =| 3| Be = BI Ales 2 20 _ 0 \ a 4 Rl Se i 4 a “pieces of hard wed tie e aed peter SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW ® su oF eras o— Pat ea Pre [a | ardwond 25150 mm secon | Lacquered 8 | hardwood SOxsor secon | Lacquered co | tardvood 25x S0.amsecian | Lacquered (2 | hardvoot25150.amsectn | Lacquered | hardwood 75x50 nm secton | Lacquered Sees.900 aff TOP VIEW 20 0 sy 450 3, {sa} 450 aoe I 1 | SIDE View FRONT VIEW Buu oF ates Par oie Presse | Oy | A | toad 2SeStamaden | Uaqend | «| 3 | raréwoosxsonmenton | rmeres | 6 | 1 | hardwoot5estanseton | Urmees | 6 | @ | tortweot35xStemsedin | tweed | G | ravéwottscsonmeeton | Gres | 1 “Al edges rounded STUDENT BENCH (DOUBLE) far@ Wood/ Plywood200 50,50, 50,50: | TOP VIEW 300 \ y | A LEE 5 3 | i LG E : »,—__ S c F RIE a 9 pees LE P| ca 2 | asienbled together FF * SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW 2 Lorri “ Pat rater Fase [| | 3 | fatal 25050 con | lauend | Pt B_ | hard wood 50 x50 mm section Lacquered | 4 2 Ci | tedwetastanseden | laueed | 2 (2 | hard wood 25 x 0 mm section Lacquered | 4 | 5 G | tadwet Se tmmseten | laced | 1SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW fk OF MATERILS , —~ Part tacit | “| Bard oud 25x50 secon 8 | mardvoug 50x50 mn section cr | hard vod 7558 section @ | taro wacd252Stan section 2x50 secion | © | tare Lacquered Lacqueres Lacquers Lacquer Lacqueret “reas [or] ‘ “Al edges rounded | 2 aWood/ Plywood " STUDENT DESK (SINGLE) at lou! ja diy | 3) | ls alle He _ so FRONT VIEW IMPORTANT NOTE: Hardod is recommenced, jing othe pices should be by PVA adhesive and screwing. OETAILA CS WOODEN 08 *| { a er 30. 200 50. +B 48 ‘SIDE VIEW “Al edges rounded sors - Pe rea] ac 3 |imvwattrmonctn | lames | 4 fio |hedeetBetinentes | ingen | § GG |fdwed tiatenertn | temend | 2 DS | tamepyentaronm | tae400 TOP VIEW 4 550 in FRONT VIEW 30 , IMPORTANT NOTE: Hardwood is recommended, joining ofthe pices should be by PVA adhesive and sceving. RASS SCREW AND PVA wwoooen N08. SIDE VIEW LF Maren Path Nate [_ Processes [ary | Marne pywoe mick 158 eeweres [1 8 | tarvord Pe7oansatan | Ucqwree | C10 | advend Pestansaton | Ucewree | 6 hardwood Wxceam section | Lacquers Marine peed hk 1 me es 2arate) IMPORTANT NOTE: aad secomended jig ofthe pice Shelby PU aces ad sg 3) : WOODEN fos TOP VIEW | fl ii fl J | oho fF | | oF _— FRONT VIEW J SIDE VIEW BILLOF MATERIALS B | tard ood 1970 ne scion | C148 | hardwood 1966 am sein GAGS | tard ood 19x44: secton | aie tod he 1 Pat | Nate 1A | Maine pgwod thick Sen wT Processes cxquered tacquees Lacquees lacquered lacquered =IMPORTANT NOTE Hardwood is recommenced, jeining ofthe pieces shouldbe by PVA adhesive and screwing OEY SILLOF MATERIALS _ _ Pat Pat Freese | Oy % | vanmephveotion san | aes | 1 | 8 |rardwneixanseces | Ucues | 4 143 |tardve xasensecin | ces | 6 66 | tarde xssamsecten | Ucqeet | 2 F: 0 | Marnepwestnerioan | Gaerne || a Ty — Fs |e’ é al ane ay 4 U Fe + | an Le = ssa S -—_—_*—__ = FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW =SS > A = | _ L “a ies ride IMPORTANT NOTE: Hie) eiise E¥aes eel 4) |SERRE ge |ebE22| #3|..88.| 4 fe ee — ag Hl \ Hi ge ge 3 ae © 0sz + Se a = __ ote 2 Le s = = a FRONT VIEWfu MaTERULS | ) 5) ste LL : 1 3a 4 fet | 33 | 260 {mo FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEWOF MATER Pat vial] Poss a] [a | farewal Pst onsen | txawres 2 | i fcrexpromeas crccl ce) a = © ;L \ 2 \\ | | ‘aeaesatet \.\) | | | | | oO _ 1 300 SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEWtera ——_[_Prevesses | oh, | Tarevood 1x60 emsedion | Lacquered |? are wood 19x60 mmsetion | Lacquered | 2 hard od 13x60 mmsecien | Lacquered hardwood 19560 am setion 1 hardwood 19 10a seton 1 thick plywood 15x40 a section i 5 a 7 ) | 5 | A sR 2 356 , 19.99 2 ee 4 te . | Fs 46 po s ‘SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW Ss310 DENT CHAIR (SINGLE) “Hl edges rounded a Ch | hard yon @ o E © | hard ood 196 hard ood x0 amsecion | Lacueed thik pvoos 15x60 mm secian | Lacquered \ 400 iL SIDE VIEW oo wn = SOR | | 19.8, re 380, FRONT VIEW__30 440 SIDE VIEW a so? | ill FRONT VIEW 380 LL OF MATIALS Pact | 0 c 8 c c Patera Tare wane 19x60 mm sehen | tare owe 18260 sein | tara yous 18360 me seen tard wane 19 60mm seton ard wats 19 19 sehen Ine pycod 15x46 son ® Lacqueres Lacqueres Lacqueret Laqueret Laqueres Laqueret "STUDENT CHAIR (SINGLE) aa ee er eeLLOFMATERNS ater | yond tick 1 an 8 | hare vood 19x18 secon | hard ved 93 08 section | har yood 1948 schon € | or wae 19208 me secon Lacquered quered | Uquered Lequered Lquered renee Se 0 FRONT VIEW 490 (By 466 SIDE VIEW lA (: F oe : * Sel rake for \regate © 1c paint tobe | [7 student bags, tobe anpled after weling an ating ne aie — welded tothe main | holes &ariing tase fut ra ‘ne 3| © —: ||] saree A | ears enie betes suormarams _ Fs fey [eet [en [Waar [reso : 2 \Yo 1 | Ped bom ] Paths [1 Fy 1 Oe 8 | Wate State 0 atckpaned | FE 3758 aoe ad | © | sete tm thick Bicpined | 6 | 2 jd | wtaesutinee ve | acparied | 2 e aa FRONT VIEW | abe ended ‘ 5Steel Tube/Plywood STUDENT DESK (DOUBLE) arrest eT eT ets Office for om tN TOP i Ry, “section 790 DETAIL A, TOP SURFACE: ~ Bock wood top with 1 ma hardwood ipping 10 finish plsh smooth nw 9 8 a5 t | ste rat for ster ag be ele fhe main fave SIDE VIEW 610 TOP VIEW \, gaze © 1 lack paint to be applied aftr welding and cutting holes & ring Ore agjstble- Aa oe et ra | J. eigerntes — Pewee [oy] . oe oe -RONT EW ¢ [ascrttearoee Ef |) DETAILA 2 Top suaFace 3 Beck wood fp with 10mm hard weed oping S| 1 Fish pals oath ¥ |8 aw, ow Le eee cea 93 yor 50, = SE PH BH tt = Te — Fa ASS lel Fs i =~ EB [some 1 F ~ Steel bracket for eu 15 gaze 1" back paint tobe ® Ri | | student bags tobe applied after welding and cutting es weided to the main | holes & drilfing ~ frane | —_— - g | One siustable-S> “All edges rounded | Seto ° = | | ' ® F \| fMarieinintebecesed sue Tens Fs | (ieee (eer Hate [Presses | “ J) al | Pood an tek Patan snes | 4 | 3 7 2 8 | 16Gaze Seal tbe © 1 Black pated | 1 Py Qs “aR ti VS C Stee! plate T me thick | Black painted 6 | « | 8 | woxesatieo ve | suapates | 2 | S SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW LE_| Raber base fet 1’ | Bjyseonow 198 z OETAILA 3 TOP SURFACE 13 | Sle, Block wood fop with 10m hardwood liping an 0 finsh posh saath (ale 5/3 a|3 3 o ya 2 Ste rae fr ue | —\ eae 0 1 ak pit be B Ste Bags fe ‘oped frei acting —: sled a ein fast ting fa frame | | — | | ! | (Alen of bea dese ] edge rounded [a % al | Pied tik | [1 5 B | Weweseatoe 9" | Boctaned | atl Pe ees ee mee Bl D | 16Gaze Steel tube & 1/4" | Black painted | 2 | £ Ta SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW | & | rabeveacroredtaceted] =TOP VIEW OETAILA Top SURFACE Plywood fp with 10 am hardwood ping no frish polish smooth Wood plug or putly 16 gare © 3/4 black paint to be applied afer welding and ols driing At het bcd / ymin Jf SIDE VIEW OETAILB. FASTENING = Use flathead screws with nuts Far fishing screw-holes se wood plug or putty “Al edges rounded UL OF a eRALS art | —__ Matera [A | Plywood 6 ma thick Processes Pah snot | sack paimes | oy 1 STUDENT STOOL Steel Tube/Plywood Bere ee‘SECTION 7 8 DETAILA TOP SURFACE = Piywood top wth 10 9a hard wed ipping ‘0 finish polish smooth TOP VIEW STUDENT STOOL ‘Steel Tube/Plywood Wood plug or putty ‘6 gaze D 3/4" black paint ‘oe applied afer veling and oles ding ace Cee A al (Oma | 5 DETAILB U FASTENING Al tabes'end be dosed Use lt head seve with ruts su. oF maeaas _ by welding edge rounded + For finishing screw-hoes Part | Material Processes | hy se wed plo paty | Pod Gn ik [ farasots | 1] / 2 | wemester oe 34° | ckpaitee 3 eT Lee SIDE VIEW360 16 gaze © 3/4 black pant fo be apled ater welding and holes diting /— All tubes‘ end to be cased by welding edge rounded SIDE VIEW 1 Tor St ve a Sy PsecTION Gal, i: 7 98 4 OETAILA TOP SURFACE Pind fp with 10 a hare wed ping 9 finish polish saoath Wood plug or putty OETAILB FASTENING Us lat Read screws with nuts Fer finishing srew-holes use wood plug or putty ater Piyod ba ik 3 | tobi Stee nae @ 3/6" Processes | Oy | Poth smcath [1 | Backoaatee | 1 Ss e a Steel Ty 1e/PlywoodTube/ Plywood STUDENT STOOL eee 16 gare 9 3/¢ black paint to be applied after welding | and als driing | | Ail tubes’ end tobe closed /— bywelding edge rounded SIDE VIEW =| psec 7198 yt DETAILA TOP SURFACE: Plywood fp with 10 ma hard wood inping 0 finish paih smooth DETAIL B FASTENING: = Use fathead screws wit nuts + Far fnshing screwholes se wood plug or putty | ie BRLOFMATERIS Prose | Oy Pois snc | 1 ‘Starline @ 34° | Sarpaced | 1 || gaze 0 3/4 back paint | tebe applied atterneling | andelesditing ~All tubes'end tobe closed by welding edge rounded SIDE VIEW LL ‘op +H a TEC. Res SECTION Z, #198 OETAILA TOP SURFACE = Pyweod tp with 10m hardwood lpi 0 finish poh smooth won lg Cg DETAIL B FASTENING Use flathead screws wth nuts For finishing screvtoles use wood lug or putty Proves Oy. panes | | St UDENT STOOL DABLE FURNS/3 DETAILA TOP SURFACE Block board fished with laninat top + Soi wed tipping 10 | -seeTion 7198 -PRIMARY CLASS SQUARE TABLE | RE TOP VIEW 00 nd the Pacific 1 | i tobe applied ater welding | te caeteetube 2 1° Biackpantee | 1 e hcg | | | | [aaeecees LL niigiieate | ret cores eee aor a |0 DETAILA Top SURFACE i = Blackboard fished with aninate top Solid weed tiping 300 16 gaze © 1" back paint 3 | to be applied after welding | an ales dng by wading ee rounded SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW “Mees rounded BLOF MOT ret] Hater | Phyoad tmnt 5 at Stel ube © 1 Stet lat 1/8 thie Presses Pal moet Biakanes reves=| a Fy | secron | Ft, fe | j DETAILA lee TOP SUREACE a Black oar ished wth amit fop = Soi wood bing 2 le ;z2 2 ToP vi \6 sr veling ling “All edges rounded {| BULOFMATERNS _ — at bes nd be dosed (oe [fat rT] L by welding edge rounded Piywood ba hick Polish socth 1 1 |e [seams 91° | tack | 1 C_| Seta 1 hi Bapaines | 6 SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW1 Shun =| section i 198 + Bick board finshed wth taninate top TOP VIEW F vege zg tobe apd after eng and hoes ering Al been be coset LL by welding edge ronaes FRONT VIEW Zz =woe \ VIEW LA 40R =| -psecion DETAIL A Top SURFACE Block board finished wth aninatetop = Solid wood tipping ae 0 | SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW 4 ledges rounded \ 16 gaze © 1" black paint t l and oes ailing | au oF mcemts (iar [ re sie Lise eS by veined rounded \ cleo UL 1 ns | FRONT VIEWDETAIL A TOP SURFACE. | Plywood op wit 1. hard woe liping ' HH - Hard wood frame frished wit laminate fp | i bare 11 Bch | tobe applied ter veling | | |) anata citing | \ | \ yw ge rece JE] | | ~ fiend «| Prweses_ oh] ) 3 Pid oni trae] } | Binesetnbe@ rer | Bintpote | 4 +t Se it tee auapried | 6 Prycol 10m tik J tacueret se view FRONT VIEW “ManaepiveedSmtik | lacuered| elles Slale Ge (Eee ees |ehe | | 3 [I | | = OETAILA 2 TOP SURFACE Fle Teak loop wih nea ing ale Gifinsh g\2 Uses screws for fastening 5|35 : a|s 45 \ Ble \ 3 TOP VIEW ® A = va ra 00 16 gare D 1x2" black paint to be applied ater welding and holes ring re ere | puoromrenns _ a | tyler _ L WIV [0 Tecpel teas [oom a] snevev ae 3 | Wonesetneee | Began | |OETAILA To SURFACE Teak plywood top wih linear lipping i fiish Uses screws for fastening SIDE VIEW Allendofubeto be csed — ‘edgerounded FRONT VIEW aR Pat atrial ‘| leaped bahkneripig| B | t6Gaze Set bed 1x2 C1 /16GaeStetbe x2" |e Gane stettbe 7142 | 6 azetettde “Al edges rounded Processes] Oy ued | 1 Biackpacted | & | packoaitesr ? LEFT CONNECTOR =] ,€ cle « e Z Siig 3 = FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW BACK VIEW 7 - RIGHT CONNECTIOR Ld — 2 3 z aa & 22 “| s | FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW BACK VIEW edges rounded an back paint finshed TYPEA fax 4a) ~@, S Water ppes are by welding, ale TYPE B (a x 2a)HOWTO MAKE Step 1 Connection of water pipes. welding Step 2insert bamboo into connectors with 8 wooden hammer Step 3 Fix with screws. Step & Seta table top after building a frame Step 5 Built one and fest the strength as wel as function ask teacher and learner) Step 6 Improve tl satisfactory Step 7 built one classroom and test user reaction twit bite Table fp ‘WHEEL CONNECTOR — 5 U wo ov FRONT VIEW ‘SIDE VIEW STACKABLE FRAME Possible arrangenenacording to diferent acute boo/Plywoad/Water Pipe Connectors Tee eT Te eT Lee SiBL OF raTERIALS 400 a SIDE VIEW I FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW S30 {N3ONLS .Een) TOP VIEW 1100, 300 40 FRONT VIEW —-—-— JL! SIDE VIEW aL OF MATERIALS Pat 8 c D e A Nateral Teak pod 20 a ack Bandon slice 03 Banton liek Sa | Bantoo stk Wate ge canst Processes aeral alee ataral cle aural ler arco Bac painted B/2 STUDENT BENCH Bamboo/ Plywoot] aul a|Pabee 1] I al } z au = a]g--cee| a eer [eee eeeDL OF MaTeRUs a | Pvc | T 1 ‘| faked 2 wack raha cor 350 8 | Bantoa sik 2 rata cl 4 | Banboo sik 2 rata clr 2 3 0 Banboo ste 28 rata cl 2 \2 1 € | Water ie condor Becpainee ‘ | le F_| Pusticnonstet caster : ra TOP VIEW COMPUTER STOOL 0 and the Pacifi aT Cea eer Lett aa a0 or on 2 2a FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW500 SECTION A-A “A: Teakwoad 2513890 scion wih matual colour 8: Hardwood 25% 10mm seton 50 | © Pywod 4m thick 1D Baro mat with acquere nish FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW a “Al edges rounded BuLLoFMaTeRLs [rant | Mater I Processes Ta | Plywood 20 mm thice with | Laminated with bamboo nat (| edad tet atoneg | | Stats at atu tno | 2 C | st nc Somatctntemaed | 2 |b | Pwedatmthce Lamiated ih bnbec mat | 1 | | Pre ma taeweed ' [LF | Pm ster tLa ) me HOW TO MAKE CHALK BOARD ©} Chalk Powder/Putty Powder | + | Water a | Apply once, dry {15 minutes), apply again ) Sand paper No. 2 @|shettac (2009) | + J Alcohol tgal) SECTION 88 SECTONAA \ 2) Mix shellac into alcohol {coffee color, coffee like). | Leave the mixture of thick liquid 30 minutes. ee Apply one coat trather thin wth 10m wide brush MALL SIZE 0 20 ma MEDIUM SIZE 20x 20 na) Ary under sun ind/Fan for quick drying, 5 minutes) 4) Apply second coat, dry completely (10 minutes) SS] ) Sand paper No.1 CHALK BOARD Hard Wood/Plywood @ | Fiat enamel for chalk board") + | Turpentine | 2) First coat with $ cm wide brush, dry completely (10 minutes) b } Apply second coat “Note or use acrylic pint SECTION AA LARGE SIZE (2400 x 1200 mm LL OF MareRLS _ . [part ate Prowse | | | fardveod3ts27 ansecion | cures 1 5 [Heroes 8xloansein | Piywoed thick alkboaré process | t 5. | Hardoed20x20am secion | Lacquered | Pied 1 2 thik SECTION A-A SECTION B-B= mR SECTION A-A || SECTION BB SECTION A-A ~ é 22 / 3|= BS 3 5|= SMALL SIZE (40x 1200 an) MEDIUM SIZE 1200x1200 an a SECTION 8-8 a 1 ad ' ran i { \ I [ 1 1 1 1 Fd \ \ 1 I \ auLoF arcs —* aa r T Pat aera [oy ' ' ' ' ' 1 | Warsd 2 am cien 1 => \ \ ' ! secyon at ~ 8 | tadvon 94 tam seon : a-na-b----t nee © | Phot a ick fda l i 1 UD 0 | tarioneZ0s2Hensetan | Lacured \4 1 ' ' | Phaed 1 nhice ' \ ' ! | saree aera arctan jue at jute mate. | LARGE SIZE (2400 x 1200 mm) 64uu oF rae cal [agit | C. Sedieare 0 | Pastetntetesir & | Pasteatustegted | CTOR g = 3 & TOP VIEW ea CART FOR OV ape | cnr ed pete boty | 1 (32x 34x25 cm) 1 | | I ; i | t F 16 gaze © te 1 black paint fo be apled ater welding and holes ering 150. FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEWg g = 2 2 & a 1520, LOEMATERIS _ Pact aera Froese: oy ‘A | Teak plywood 20 na thick Lacquered 1 ac | wet 2 Usage ack pated “ craded ste OE | ase Back pared & £6 | 1" sel Back pained 3 feast ace panes ‘ |_| Plasticine + TOP VIEW 7 so 3 ; | | = i —— = al J JY fo J | z | | | | i LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEWTOP VIEW LLOFPATERILS [a [Teakwood 20m th | 8 | taken me ik | Stetute 17x17 lo Pract whee caster Processes [hy ‘aequered Lacnueret Blak pited = \- + | | ql Kotak Carousel Al abx263 al | tH | Varese | = j xtc i | Syrctocrder 2 5x37 15 xe 1 lack pit fobeapple ater veting | andesciing | aoe 6 6 ) FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW 1 3 1AvLLOF PaTERLs 2 art | Matera Processes ‘A | Teakpiwocd 25 wn tick | Laquered 8 | Tekslyucos 25a thick | Larquered | Teakwood 25m tick | Lacquered 3_| Teakplyeod 25 an thick | Lacquered BOOK SHELVES | Plywood een Laat DeLee Tm 20 Tf ress FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW| PHYSICS TABLE 750 x 1500 750 DRAFTING AND CUTTING TABLE 1000 x 1500 x 750, | TEXTILE BENCH 500 x 2000 x 760 | 800 x 800x 760 WORHING TABLE AND STOOL! COUNTING BOARDS 500 x 1500 x 760, COMPUTER TABLE TEACHERS’ TABLES 540 x 1200 x 700, SCIENCE STOOL 448 x 360x530 WORK BENCH | 750% 1500 750 ' |TROLLEY/MULTIPURPOSE FURNITURE SSQUATTING TABLE/ SHELF/BENCH 37h x 1144 x 250 o.* | a ~ ~ SS | TROLLEY FOR NURSERY : OFFICE TABLE aN AND PRIMARY SCHOOL AN 20x 400x750 Z S 585 x 1170 x555 A A dS a AO | a SCIENCE TROLLEY WORK TABLE ON WHEELS Za 45 x 750 x 737 800 x 800 x 760 “ > VA Z : A | 7 | L— —____|- aPARTITIONS, STORAGE FURNITURE Note: Do not Keep teaching ads in locked cabinet, but display open shelves so that to encourage children for touch and self leaning | steer a | chALKBoaRDAND “HASHES MOVABLE CHALKBOARD | Tackeoarn | supports ‘wuss Bracng | | | 40 | 0 DEMOUNTABLE PARTITION | | CABINET WITH PIN-UP BOARD, LOW SHELF CUM | CHALKBOARD AND CABINET ovine | wit | CHALKBOARD | | | i | ' | ee (OPEN SHELVES FOR BOOK SHELVES LOCKABLE CABINET DISPLAY CUM OR BOX/BASKET STORAGE OF TEACHING AIDS | = | oh \ | I =WALL FOR INFORMATION, DISPLAY & EXHIBITION CONCRETE WALL ‘SOFT WOOD NAILING STRIP ON CLASSROOM WALL FOR DISPLAY OF STUDENT WORKS Sooo = srr faonky 8008 aaeco mar Sorwo00 STR SAONG BAS WPRAKE STONE WALL EXHIBITION WALL aur act OsPUAY SHLF/ SOFTWOOD) OSPLAYSALE/ eoymueus = sToRASe aunestaPs | STomace t { -sttoxe a Fret wn mt aed | rath | | Sram i | sone eae | | Et \ ( : \ SECTION DETAILA LH nEFA CONFERENCE: EDUCATION FOR ALL LEARNING CENTER, 1990 Low cost furniture using steel, bamboo, softwood, water pipe and bamboo part. Education for All Learning Center, EFA CONFERENCE, Chomtien, Pattaya, Thailand, 1990.BIBLIOGRAPHY © UNESCO, Educational Building Documents, Reprint Series No. £6 : Classroom Furnifure made of wood, Bangkok, 1991. ‘© UNESCO, Educational Buildings and Equipment :School Furniture Handbook, Vol. One: General and Specific Aspects, Paris, 1979. ‘© UNESCO, Educational Buildings and Equipment : School Furniture Handbook, Vol. Two: Practical Examples and lllustra- tions, Paris, 1979._ ‘© UNESCO, Educational Building Digest 18: Anthropomeltic Data and Its Use for Educational Building and Furniture Design, Bangkok, 1984 © UNESCO, Educational Buildings Occasional Paper No.4 : Expanding Physical Facilities for Primary Education in Bhuta Bangkok, 1985. © UNESCO, Educational Planning Team School Furniture Planning Guide, Lagos, 1982 ‘© UNESCO, Opinion I; AC. Mandal, Balanced Seating, an Effective way of Reducing Back Problems. _ ‘© UNESCO, BREDA, Document Provisoirt Etude No.5? MOBILIER SCOLAIRE GUINEE BISSAU, Dakar, 1979. NES H. Kishigami, Reviewing and Evaluating the Existing School Furniture and Planning the New One, Report submitted as UNESCO Technical Assistance under The World Bank Assisted Second Elementary Education Project in Phitippines, 1991 © UNESCO, H. Kishigami, rimary School Furniture Design, Report submitted as UNESCO Technical Assistance under The World Bank Assisted Bhutan Primary School Construction Project, Bhutan, 1991. © UNESCO, H. Kishigani, Recommendation on New Furniture Designs Based on Anthropometric Data of 1995, A Mission Report, Maldives, 1997 6