Sir William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE (26 June 1824 – 17

December 1907) was an Irish-Scottish (of Ulster Scotsheritage[2]) mathematical

physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824. At the University of Glasgow he did
important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and
second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its
modern form. He worked closely with mathematics professor Hugh Blackburn in his work. He
also had a career as an electric telegraphengineer and inventor, which propelled him into the
public eye and ensured his wealth, fame and honour. For his work on the transatlantic telegraph
project he was knighted in 1866 by Queen Victoria, becoming Sir William Thomson. He had
extensive maritime interests and was most noted for his work on the mariner's compass, which
previously had limited reliability.
Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour. While the existence of a lower
limit to temperature (absolute zero) was known prior to his work, Kelvin is known for determining
its correct value as approximately −273.15 degree Celsius or −459.67 degree Fahrenheit.
He was ennobled in 1892 in recognition of his achievements in thermodynamics, and of his
opposition to Irish Home Rule,[5][6][7] becoming Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr. He was
the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. The title refers to the River Kelvin,
which flows near his laboratory at the University of Glasgow. His home was the red sandstone
mansion Netherhall, in Largs. Despite offers of elevated posts from several world-renowned
universities, Kelvin refused to leave Glasgow, remaining professor of Natural Philosophy for over
50 years, until his eventual retirement from that post. The Hunterian Museum at the University of
Glasgow has a permanent exhibition on the work of Kelvin including many of his original papers,
instruments, and other artifacts, such as his smoking pipe.
Active in industrial research and development, he was recruited around 1899 by George
Eastman to serve as vice-chairman of the board of the British company Kodak Limited, affiliated
with Eastman Kodak.[8]