GENERAL VIEW ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION

AND HEALTHCARE

Abstract:

Years ago, all manner of work was conducted by humans alone. There was nothing
like this equipment and development as it is today. At the time, science wasn't
created, nor was technology invented. And the research is reliant on the citizens
and people know that "science now is a technology for tomorrow." No less than a
divine gift is the new superior technological technology. Simply known as artificial
intelligence and machine learning were revolutionary innovations intended to
eliminate the promising future and the human worker. Although many
misconceptions exist in the early stages, we are witnessing a new age with
errorless and improved research technology. The review covers the primary
artificial intelligence and machine learning sources.
Keywords: AI, Education, Health care system ,drug discovery.
Introduction:
The mimicking of human-computer cognition, artificial information (AI) is the
division of engineering science which deals with the creation of smart machines,
especially smart computer programs. It is the ability of a mechanism operated by a
computer or robotic tool to understand the information given and to produce results
like the understanding of human interest in learning, making decisions, and
problem-solving. AI is an IT industry that aims to build smart machines that are an
integral part of the technology sector. The research related to AI is extremely
theoretical and advanced. That is an significant feature in the growth sector. AI
research is extremely abstract and advanced. For millennia, the majority of the
living planet has existed a gap between man and the majority of the species, and
human supremacy. The difference is demonstrated in the abilities to grasp, evaluate
and decide. The inductive reasoning and thought-abilities make the human brain
better than the sumptuous computer. Men's ability to build computers that could
cleverly solve difficult, complicated problems such as the human brain (1) resulted
in the development of artificial intelligence (AI).(1) The phrase artificial
intelligence was used in 1956 and the definition was used as of 1950 in the field of
problem-solving and symbolic methods[2].
AI uses a variety of tools to feel, serve, and understand from past experiences. This
is a broad field of computer science, allowing computers and computer programs
to solve problems and learn similarly to human brains.[3]. The AI process includes
designing code solutions for the automated execution of the mission. Machines can
store data or knowledge and become as alert as human beings in the future.
Origin of AI(4-5,6)

A brief history of AI can be given during the 20th century as 1923 – Karel Kapek's
play entitled "Rossum's University Robots (RUR)" opens in London, the first use
of the word "robot" in English.

1945 – The word Robotics was coined by Isaac Asimov, alumni of Columbia
University.

1950 – Alan Turing developed Test for Intelligence Testing. Claude Shannon
provided as a quest comprehensive Analysis of chess play.

1956-The word Artificial Intelligence was invented by John McCarthy. 1958 –

LISP programming language for AI was invented by John McCarthy.

1964 – MIT's thesis from Danny Bobrow demonstrated that computers can
understand the natural language reasonably well to correctly address problems with
algebraic terms.

1979 – Stanford Cart was designed as First Computer powered autonomous

vehicle.

1984 – Dennett addresses the issue of the support and how it applies to the
problems that emerge from trying to provide common sense to the robots.

1990 – Big development in all fields of AI: 1997 – The Deep Blue Chess System
defeats the World Chess Champion, Gerry Kasparov 2000 – Virtual Robot Pets are
now available commercially. MIT displays a face-named robot-Kismet that
communicates emotions.
According to Father John McCarthy, who coined the term "Artificial Intelligence"
in 1956, "it is the combination of science and engineering that makes human

welfare intelligent machines." "Artificial Intelligence is an intellect much smarter

than the best human intelligence in almost every field, including computers and
language logic."

Recent advances (in India)

Recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have generated fervent
interest from both the private sector and governments around the world. Computer
supremacy over human beings was the greatest achievement for artificial
intelligence in the old Go board game. In a series of five games, Alpha Go, a
London-based AI machine developed by Google Deep Mind,(7) challenged the
South Korean Chinese board game World Champion, Lee Sedol, in which the
machine beat the lives of people in a manner that is frequently perceived or
confused unrealistically.
Until now, a significant part of the private sector has driven this gradual explosion
of AI technology and concentrated mainly on consumer products. However, the
technology is of such great potential and significance that its production and
deployment can not be left to a few Silicon Valley companies and their distributors
alone: the increasing size and implications of AI's applications make it imperative
for government policymakers to notify.(8)
In order for India to benefit as much as possible from the AI revolution, it needs to
follow a deliberate strategy to push AI creativity, adaptation, and proliferation in
sectors beyond pure consumer goods and IT services. AI's rapid proliferation poses
unique opportunities and challenges for India: it will allow India to realize the full
potential of the technology by setting policies explicitly tailored for the short term
and tailoring the Modi policies to integrate and prioritize AI, as well as for the
medium and long term. Though India was undeniably a benefactor of the rapid rise
of AI, AI has yet to catch the imagination of policymakers in the region.
Forgetting the chance to inaugurate national AI policies, India runs the risk of
falling behind the US and China.
AI technology has tremendous potential to influence the future of India's economy
and national security; however, in the absence of a clear policy framework, India
would find it difficult to realize AI's full power while potentially falling victim to
the detrimental effects of AI proliferation.
Moore’s Law Spurs Recent Advances in AI
It is important to understand what has changed in the field of AI in recent days
before discussing the challenges and opportunities for India. The solution lies in
what industry experts term the rule of Moore and its broader consequences for the
computer industry. This constraint notes that the transistors on computer chips
double every two years, which means the increase in computer power and the
relative cost in computer hardware decreases exponentially, which has made
decisive impacts on AI as a consequence of this relationship – quicker and cheaper
computing power and reduced computer hardware volumes.
The quicker, smaller, and less costly hardware of today allows the computer
algorithms of the 1990's to solve far more complex problems than they have been
able to handle historically.
Through that context, the benefit of Moore's law is apparent: by saving only time
and energy, computers can perform even more complex operations without taking
into account significant technological improvements, creating a multitude of
advances through AI(9) This flexibility is exacerbated by the proliferation of cloud
technology: with the vast computing resources available on request that cloud-
based computing systems, again at a much lower cost, enormous data sets can now
be processed and analyzed, potentially processing billions of data points in a matter
of seconds. This helps several layers of tandem computers to view information in
these broad data sets, identify patterns, distinguish habits and make wise decisions.
It has also helped these computers to learn from their own past experiences to
enhance their recognition and deduction capabilities. The combined effects of
superior hardware, cloud-based on-demand computing as well as increasingly
omnipresent big data analytics have brought major improvements in the
performance of machine learning — the ability of computers to learn without being
specifically programmed (10).In business organizations, a variety of approaches
such as supervised learning, unavoided learning, and strengthening learning are
becoming more and more common, leading to user applications such as Apple's
Siri and Microsoft's Cortana. This is also the feasibility of advanced, deep learning
or deep neural network architectures, which has paved the way for recent
developments such as the AlphaGo Computer. (12)
The Application of AI in Education (13)
AI educational instruments have recently concentrated on their potential for
improving the quality of education and for improving conventional teaching and
learning methods. Although there is no universal concept of consensus, AI usually
allows computers to do research that historically involves human intelligence.
Congress may take into account the benefits and risks of AI in schools, including
the effect of AI on issues including data protection, education, production and
procurement of student data, and technological growth. Applications of AIbased
education technology include the following:
 Tutoring. AI programs commonly referred to as Intelligent Tutoring Systems
(ITS) or adaptive tutors engage students in dialogue, answer questions, and
provide feedback.
 Personalizing Learning. ITS and adaptive tutors tailor learning material,
pace, sequence, and difficulty to each student’s needs. AI can also provide
support for special needs students, for instance by teaching autistic children
to identify facial expressions.
 Testing. Computer adaptive assessments adjust the difficulty of successive
questions based on the accuracy of the student’s answers, enabling more
precise identification of a student’s mastery level.
 Automating Tasks. AI can perform routine tasks such as taking attendance,
grading assignments, and generating test questions.
In conjunction with the K-12 AI system for the teaching of AI principles or
technology in at least one public school district has also collaborated with a
university.
The Challenge of Teachers in the AI era--Technology and Education Reform
(14)
The innovation was created by the first instructional revolution in 15th-century
typography. Beneficial books popularize knowledge and initial education of the
elite. Individuals are classified according to group characteristics, such as age,
area, and rank. Standardization requires consensus and any specific learning
expectations can be hard to satisfy. The emergence of the Internet brought about a
second-education revolution during the 20th century.
Finally, 'the educational standard will move into the mediocrity of schooling. The
Internet helps people to access educational services everywhere and at all times,
and to increase educational quality.
Often, big data technology processes data via machine learning and strong
computer skills to provide a more profound understanding of the learning process
in all dimensions. Today the Internet is being used in depth by AI and Big Data
technology due to the popularity of the Internet. Everyone is a separate educational
institution and both of them are entitled to equal education funding.
Low-cost, design training has been evolutionary practice. Where would
teachers go in the AI age, then? We will strive to develop, constantly raise our
degree of development, create awareness in teaching, retain the rate of
technology growth and strive to utilize AI innovations to assess specific
teaching cases and problems. AI is a wonderful chance for professors to make
change and a daunting one.
AI in health care system (15-22)
In the health industry, the AI program is valuable for properly coordinating
and directing doctors for patient dose types, route for administration, or care
plans. In medicine and safety, patients' paths or recovery schedules should be
more organized so clinicians will be presented with all the details they need to
assess correctly.
Maintaining of medical records- The patient record preservation is a daunting
challenge in the health care sector. With the introduction of AI technologies, it is
simple to capture, standardize storage, and monitor data. The Google Deep Mind
health project has been built to help mine medical information for safer and
quicker health treatment within a limited period.
Treatment plan designing- AI programs are essential for the advancement of
treatment programmes. The AI system is beneficial if the patient is in a
compromised situation which renders choosing the right treatment choice difficult.
It analyses the reports of events, research knowledge and background facts and
proposes the right method of action, i.e. IBM Watson launched a support system
for oncologists.
Helping in repetitive jobs – AI technology is useful for identifying the place and
recognizing complications in daily operational conditions, i.e. X-ray photographs,
Radiology, ECG and ECHO. The IBM introduced an algorithm for Medical Sieve.
It serves as a "cognitive assist" with a good capacity to learn and comprehend. It is
ideal for radiation image analysis, position identification and fast detection of
problems.
Attainment of in person and online consultation - Babylon, a Uk company,
gives private guidance based on practical knowledge and technical skills and
includes medical and online care services. Through reviewing and comparing it
with the specifics of the disease recorded in the database, consumers are required
to display the indicators of their health problems in the device. The course of
action will be enough. The system advises doctors about care process. The
technology decreases physicians' processing period.
Health support and medication assistance – AI research is important in
promoting safety and medicines. A robotic nurse, Molly, has a beautiful speech
and has a welcoming smile. The goal is to help patients track their condition and
care. It encourages sick patients during the visit to the hospital. Another mobile
camera program, which tracks patients' relapse and assists patients in their
treatment of their disease, includes AiCure. AiCure This software is useful
especially for patients with extreme medications and for patients participating in
clinical trials.
Accuracy of medicine - Genetic genomics and genetic development have good
impacts on AI. Deep Genomics, an AI program is valuable for analyzing variations
and medical history with genetic material to recognize genes or illness
connections. This program reminds physicians of the activities in a cell as genetic
variability affects DNA. The founder of the human genome project, Craig Venter,
created an algorithm that provides knowledge about the physical characteristics of
the individual based on their DNA. AI-based "Real Lifespan" helps determine the
precise site of cancer and vascular disorder in its early stage.
Drug creation – It takes more than a decade to grow or construct pharmaceuticals
and absorbs billions of rupees. "Atomically" an AI system utilizes supercomputers,
releasing pathogens that withstand patients. They used biological evidence and AI
technologies from patients to figure out the difference between safe ambient
environments that are sensitive to the disease. It helps in the discovery and design
of medicinal products, healthcare and problems.
AI help to people in health care system – The clear AI ecosystem is one of the
top ten services of exciting technologies for 2016. Social information algorithm
details are useful for capture and compare. The healthcare system documented
extensive details including patient medical records and diagnosis data from
childhood to all ages. The habitats can interpret this big data, and shows the
lifestyle and habits of the patient.
Healthcare system analysing - In the healthcare sector, collection of data is
simple because all the data is computerized. The Netherlands retains 97 percent
encrypted invoices including details on diagnosis, provider name and location of
hospital. Hence these can be quickly recovered. Zorgprisma Publiek, a small
organization that utilizes IBM Watson cloud technologies to review the invoices. If
some mishap happens, it automatically understands it and takes the appropriate
steps. For this function, it enhances and prevents hospitalization of patients.
Diagnostic and imaging sector – It's a really important and active field in the
healthcare sector which requires AI technology. Until now, 50 startups that focus
on AI for health care have been created. They concentrate mainly on patients'
emotional health, obesity, respiratory problems and wearables. Collection of
businesses and start-ups in AI's healthcare research space
Prognosis - In the healthcare sector, the anticipation of effective treatment options
are very critical. To enhance their survival, it is very important to accurately
classify high-risk patients in a health system. ANNs may take advantage of the
relationship between variables to analyze complex cancer data. For patients with
breast and colorectal cancer, neural networks predict recovery. They're also useful
in testing lung and prostate cancer outputs.
How is AI used in drug discovery?(22-23)
Current drugs are guided, i.e. a established purpose is used to scan for small
molecules that disrupt or affect their cell activity.
● Such methods function well with a specific structure and a detailed
understanding of associations within the cell for conveniently therapeutic targets.
● However, these methods are strongly restricted, considering the complexities of
cellular dynamics and the limited understanding of intricate cell pathways.
AI will resolve these problems by recognition of new associations and functional
relevance of various cell route components.
● For eg, a dataset of sequences of RNA can be used to identify genes associated
with a particular cell state. To extract useful knowledge from a large dataset, AI
uses complicated algorithms and machine learning.
● AI may also be used to identify substances that may bind to 'undruggable
targets,' that is to say proteins that have not formed their structures. Various
interactions with small pieces of protein can be quickly observed within a very
short period through iterative models. One can detect predictive compound array.

Atomwise(23-25)
Applications: Minimize resources and time spent by researchers on drug
compounds. Atomically AI research is also used to create better, more efficient AI
Drug Discovery agricultural pesticides: Atomically Launched the first deep CNN
structure-based, called AtomNet, developed to predict the bioactivity of small
molecules for drug discovery applications. It reveals how AI is using locality
features and hierarchical structure to model bioactivity and chemical interactions.
● AtomNet

AI Research Guidelines: Invest molecular discovery programs and

concentrate on crop protection compounds which, in partnership with
Monsanto, are key agrochemical research and development focus areas.

TwoXAR(26-28)
Applications: Identify drug candidates by uncovering new theories of the
physiology of diseases backed by evidence from the real world.
AI Drug Discovery: TwoXAR uses AI to test disease-efficacy compound libraries
to discover new drug candidates from a general library and to classify biological
targets ● Developed a computational model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that
greatly enriched FDA-approved RA therapies among top candidates.
● Team with Stanford Asian Liver Center to investigate TXR-311, an experimental
treatment for liver cancer. This drug has shown good effectiveness in cell-based
assays.
● Assess factors and combine pairs of medications related to reduced 5-year
mortality with online health reports of breast cancer patients.
● Differential expression of genes from 14 data sets for the expression of the
breast cancer gene. AI Study Guidance: Emphasis on alternative therapies, such as
diabetes, in a certain field of disease. Technology Level: TRL 4. Currently
developed in a laboratory environment, with animal models being tested for tests.
Structura Biotechnology(29-31)
Applications: Increase the progress of work into cellular biology and drug
discovery programs by identifying protein structures, complexes and medication
goals.
AI Drug Discovery: Structura Biotechnologies' AI technology is based on
computer vision and machine learning models on cryo-EM (2D structure) data to
understand proteins and molecular complexes' detailed 3D spatial structure.
Structura has developed a program, called the cryoSPARC SystemTM, which
enables heterogeneous reconstruction ab initio 3D and fast, high-resolution
refinement of cryo-EM density maps on a single GPU in minutes.
Future Prospects (32)
One of the new advances in AI adoption to speed up drug discovery is the recent
approval by the European Medicines Agency for the Care of Charcot-Marie-
Tooth's Pediatric Investigation Strategy Pharnext for its PXT3003 medication.
Pharnext is a pioneering French biopharmaceutical firm that uses AI in
pharmaceuticals based on broad genomic evidence. Growing volumes of reports of
product development helped by IA can also be anticipated in the coming years
from existing pharmaceutical firms and smaller newcomers.
Also, the ability of AI algorithms to identify uses may be one of the next steps to increase the
use of AI in the pharmaceutical industry. Judea Pearl, a winner of the 2011 Turing Award and AI
father presenting the AI probabilistic approach, emphasized the causal basis of their architecture
for the next generation of AI algorithms. A causal inference paradigm can replace reasoning
based on cause-based reasoning by identifying connections between a cause and its outcome.

In its national security policy, India needs to consider artificial intelligence as

a key factor. At a time when AI is seen as a core component of US-Japan
foreign policy, with parallel care plans circulating in India, the Indian
government needs to devise a comprehensive plan on new technology
developments with long-term strategic implications.49 In order to build dual-
use technologies with an appropriate reach to support the production of
civilian technology applications, India must critically examine the defense
model of DARPA in tandem with private-sector research and university
cooperation. To order to successfully incentivize universities and the business
sector, the cyber grand challenge concept of DARPA needs to be studied to
detail.

Final Words

When the AI-based program, AlphaGo, beat World Champion Lee Sedol at the
old board game Go by four-on-one, the greatest nightmare of man – the electronic
supremacy over humans.

Meanwhile, a host of technologists with a high degree of passion have stunned the
world with their innovative clever, AI-enhanced agricultural techniques that will
revolutionize the agriculture industry. Whether AI's development continues on and
one day briskly stops or is massive enough to enslave society, or it symbiotically
lives with a man and supports the goal of the common good.Whatever the result,
on the road to a new age, we should be updated.iNurture believes in the mission of
smart parenting and a vision of transforming higher education through innovative
models. They work with various universities providing courses on Artificial
Intelligence to make advanced technology more challenging for young India.

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