ANNEX A

Flexural Test Data

Annex A

FLEXURAL TEST DATA

A.1. Experimental Details

Three point bending (3PB) tests were carried out using 150×150×600 mm notched
prismatic beams. The tests configuration can be seen in Figure A.1, the setup is similar to
that proposed by RILEM (2000a) recommendations; the only difference is that a 450 mm
span was used instead of 500 mm. The test was controlled by means of the crack mouth
opening displacement (CMOD) through a clip gage extensometer (± 2.5 mm span and 10
mm gauge length) and the deflection measured by an LVDT mounted on a rigid frame
(Figure A.1).

Load

25 mm
150 mm deep notch

75 450 mm 75

Figure A.1. Three point bending test configuration

The notation used in the study is presented in Table A.1 and is in accordance with
the following designation:
N1, N2 = Mix notations
3PB-P = Three point bending test on a plain concrete 150×150×600 mm beam with a 25
mm deep notch.

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 Flexural Test Data

3PB-20= Three point bending test on a 150×150×600 mm SFRC beam with a 25 mm deep
notch. The concrete had 20 kg/m3 of steel fibres.
3PB-40= Three point bending test on a 150×150×600 mm SFRC beam with a 25 mm deep
notch. The concrete had 40 kg/m3 of steel fibres.
The last number in the specimen notation denotes the trial.

Table A.1. Specimen notation for 3PB tests

Test series Fibre dosage Specimen notation

(kg/m3)
0 N1-3PB-P 1~3
N1 (NSC) 20 N1-3PB –20 1~3
40 N1-3PB –40 1~3
0 N2-3PB –P 1~3
N2 (HSC) 20 N2-3PB –20 1~3
40 N2-3PB –40 1~3

A.2. Test Results

In total, 18 beams were tested under three point bending. All tests were stable
along the entire pre- and post-peak response. A typical state of the crack after the test can
be seen in Figure A.2 for the150 case of a HSC beam with 20 kg/m3 of steel fibres.

Figure A.2. Crack pattern observed in the 3PB tests

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Annex A

The following figures present the load-deflection and load-CMOD responses for all
the specimens tested. The responses are plotted up to 3000 µm and the inset presents the
initial response up to 250 µm. For each specimen, the relation between deflection and
CMOD is also plotted. Tables summarise the mean values of the parameters calculated
from the flexure test. The limit of proportionality, fct,fl , is obtained as:

3.Fu .L
fct,fl =
2.b.h sp2

where Fu = load at the limit of proportionality

L = span of the specimen
b = width of the specimen
hsp = net height

The crack mouth opening displacement at the limit of proportionality has been
denoted as CMODpeak.

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 Flexural Test Data

NSC, 3PB TEST, PLAIN CONCRETE. SPECIMEN 1.

(a) (b)
15 15
N1-3PBDEFLP-1 N1-3PBCMODP-1

10 10
Load (kN)

5 5

0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
500
N1-3PB-P-1
400
ffct,fl = 3.71 MPa
Deflection (µm)

300
CMODpeak= 30 µm

200

100

0
0 100 200 300 400 500
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.3. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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Annex A

NSC, 3PB TEST, PLAIN CONCRETE. SPECIMEN 2.

(a) (b)
15 15
N1-3PBDEFLP-2 N1-3PBCMODP-2

10 10
Load (kN)

5 5

0 0
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
400
N1-3PB-P-2

ffct,fl = 3.41 MPa 300

Deflection (µm)

CMODpeak= 30 µm
200

100

0
0 100 200 300 400
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.4. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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 Flexural Test Data

NSC, 3PB TEST, PLAIN CONCRETE. SPECIMEN 3.

(a) (b)
20 20
N1-3PBDEFLP-3 N1-3PBCMODP-3

15 15
Load (kN)

10 10

5 5

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
350
N1-3PB-P-3
300

ffct,fl = 4.55 MPa 250

Deflection (µm)

CMODpeak= 23 µm 200

150

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.5. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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Annex A

NSC, 3PB TEST, 20 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 1.

(a) (b)
15 15
N1-3PBDEFL20-1 N1-3PBCMOD20-1

10 10
Load (kN)

15 15

Load (kN)
Load (kN)

5 5

0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 4.04 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000

CMODpeak= 23 µm 0
1500 0 250
CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N1-3PB-20-1
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.6. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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 Flexural Test Data

NSC, 3PB TEST, 20 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 2.

(a) (b)
15 15
15 15
Load (kN)

Load (kN)
10 10
0
Load (kN)

0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

5 5

N1-3PBDEFL20-2 N1-3PBCMOD20-2
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 3.85 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000

CMODpeak= 21 µm 0
1500 0 250
CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N1-3PB-20-2
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.7. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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Annex A

NSC, 3PB TEST, 20 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 3.

(a) (b)
15 15
N1-3PBDEFL20-3 N1-3PBCMOD20-3

10 10
Load (kN)

15 15
Load (kN)

Load (kN)
5 5

0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 4.06 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000

CMODpeak= 31 µm 0
0 250
1500 CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N1-3PB-20-3
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.8. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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 Flexural Test Data

NSC, 3PB TEST, 40 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 1.

(a) (b)
20 20
N1-3PBDEFL40-1 N1-3PBCMOD40-1

15 15
Load (kN)

10 20 10 20

Load (kN)
Load (kN)

5 5
0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 4.18 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
CMODpeak= 43 µm 0
1500 0 250
CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N1-3PB-40-1
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.9. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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Annex A

NSC, 3PB TEST, 40 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 2.

(a) (b)
20 20
N1-3PBDEFL40-2 N1-3PBCMOD40-2

15 15
Load (kN)

10 10
20 20

Load (kN)
Load (kN)

5 5

0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 4.17 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
CMODpeak= 27 µm 0
0 250
1500 CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N1-3PB-40-2
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.10. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

- A.12 -
 Flexural Test Data

HSC, 3PB TEST, PLAIN CONCRETE. SPECIMEN 1.

(a) (b)
20 20
N2-3PBDEFLP-1 N2-3PBCMODP-1

15 15
Load (kN)

10 10

5 5

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
200
N2-3PBCMODP-1

ffct,fl = 5.55 MPa 150

Deflection (µm)

CMODpeak= 20 µm
100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.11. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

- A.13 -
Annex A

HSC, 3PB TEST, PLAIN CONCRETE. SPECIMEN 2.

(a) (b)
15 15
N2-3PBDEFLP-2 N2-3PBCMODP-2

10 10
Load (kN)

5 5

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
250
N2-3PBCMODP-2
200
ffct,fl = 3.68 MPa
Deflection (µm)

150
CMODpeak= 16 µm
100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.12. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

- A.14 -
 Flexural Test Data

HSC, 3PB TEST, PLAIN CONCRETE. SPECIMEN 3.

(a) (b)
15 15
N2-3PBDEFLP-3 N2-3PBCMODP-3

10 10
Load (kN)

5 5

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
250
N2-3PBCMODP-3
200
ffct,fl = 4.09 MPa
Deflection (µm)

150
CMODpeak= 11 µm
100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.13. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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Annex A

HSC, 3PB TEST, 20 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 1.

(a) (b)
25 25
N2-3PBDEFL20-1 N2-3PBCMOD20-1

20 20
Load (kN)

15 15

25 25
10 10
Load (kN)

Load (kN)
5 5
0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 3.87 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
CMODpeak= 27 µm 0
0 250
1500 CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N2-3PBCMOD20-1
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.14. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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 Flexural Test Data

HSC, 3PB TEST, 20 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 2.

(a) (b)
25 25
N2-3PBDEFL20-2 N2-3PBCMOD20-2

20 20
Load (kN)

15 15

25 25
10 10
Load (kN)

Load (kN)
5 5
0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 4.03 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
0
CMODpeak= 26 µm 0
CMOD (µm)
250
1500

1000

500
N2-3PBCMOD20-2
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.15. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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Annex A

HSC, 3PB TEST, 20 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 3.

(a) (b)
20 20
N2-3PBDEFL20-3 N2-3PBCMOD20-3

15 15
Load (kN)

10 10
20 20
Load (kN)

Load (kN)
5 5

0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 3.91 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
CMODpeak= 20 µm 0
0 250
1500 CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N2-3PBCMOD20-3
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.16. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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 Flexural Test Data

HSC, 3PB TEST, 40 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 1.

(a) (b)

25 N2-3PBDEFL40-1 25 N2-3PBCMOD40-1

20 20
Load (kN)

15 15

25 25

Load (kN)
Load (kN)

10 10

5 5
0 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 5.30 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
CMODpeak= 18 µm 0
0 250
1500 CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N2-3PB-40-1
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.17. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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Annex A

HSC, 3PB TEST, 40 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 2.

(a) (b)
35 35
N2-3PBDEFL40-2 N2-3PBCMOD40-2
30 30

25 25
Load (kN)

20 20

35 35
15 15

Load (kN)
Load (kN)

10 10

5 0 5 0
0 250 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 5.45 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
CMODpeak= 24 µm 0
0 250
1500 CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N2-3PB-40-1
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.18. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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 Flexural Test Data

HSC, 3PB TEST, 40 kg/m3 OF STEEL FIBERS. SPECIMEN 3.

(a) (b)
40 40
N2-3PBDEFL40-3 N2-3PBCMOD40-3
35 35

30 30

25 25
Load (kN)

20 20
40 40
Load (kN)

Load (kN)
15 15

10 10

0 0
5 0 250 5 0 250
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Deflection (µm) CMOD (µm)

(c)
3000
250
Deflection (µm)

2500
ffct,fl = 4.77 MPa
Deflection (µm)

2000
CMODpeak= 25 µm 0
0 250
1500 CMOD (µm)

1000

500
N2-3PB-40-3
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
CMOD (µm)

Figure A.19. (a) Load-deflection, (b) load-CMOD responses and (c) deflection-CMOD curves

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