Professional Documents
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Thesis
Thesis
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
that uses symbols in place of letters, words and phrases. It is used to make note
taking easier in classes, lecture, and business meetings and especially in court
hearings. It is still being used to take notes even with the advent of personal
State University Main Campus, stenography is one of the major subjects being
offered, and Gregg Shorthand is being used. Gregg Shorthand was invented by
John Robert Gregg and was first published in 1888. Since then many different
versions have appeared, including some for languages other than English. Gregg
Shorthand is phonetic: it records the sounds of speech rather than the spelling.
Its main goal is to educate the students to write steno or shorthand by the use of
different strokes and techniques that enable them to grasp easily what has been
dictated.
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is used for taking shorthand. Many court reporters use stenograph machines to
quickly and accurately record testimony and the devices are also used by
Students find difficulty in Steno since they just met this subject in college.
Unlike other subjects, they do not have an idea about it. Students are having a
hard time in dealing with shorthand and it requires effort, attention, skill and focus
to this matter. It is like that you are an elementary student familiarizing new
letters and new words. Not just with Gregg shorthand, students also find
difficulty in steno machine. At first glance, a steno machine looks like a regular
keyboard. But once you will use it for shorthand, it is really difficult since there is
those, OSM students must first learn, understand and have a good performance
in Steno in order to get hired. They must acquire all the skills and motivations to
Management third year students in terms of speed and accuracy to find out if
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they can write dictated words and phrases with speed and transcribe it
performance.
Literature Background
Shorthand was used more widely in the past, before the invention of
2011).
common phrases, which allow someone well- trained in the system to write as
quickly as people speak. Many journalists use shorthand writing to quickly take
level of knowledge, level of skills, level of identity, personal factors, and fixed
factors. For that reason, the performance of the OSM students in their Steno
subject is greatly affected by their level of knowledge, skills and other factors.
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Action Plan
inorder to understand lessons and if they understand their lessons, they can
series of actions that integrate skills and knowledge to produce a valuable result.
component includes variables associated with the situation in which the individual
or organization performs. This means that when an OSM student loves what he
or she doing or when that student is motivated, he or she can have a good
student doesn’t want to learn, then he would not learn at all. Performance is
and grow, they are empowered to create results that make a difference. Working
and learning together in ways that make the world better has been a primary goal
performing specific tasks. OSM students must believe in their own knowledge
and skills in Steno in order to have a good performance both in Gregg shorthand
act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as
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inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell
evaluation, and alter their thinking and behavior accordingly. Self-efficacy beliefs
despite all the difficulties and hardships in life. If one is motivated, hard things will
become an easy one. Even if how hard the examinations, projects or quizzes as
long as one believes in oneself, things can be done. Self-efficacy has influence
over people's ability to learn, their motivation and their performance, as people
will often attempt to learn and perform only those task for which they believe they
or builds knowledge based on his or her own understanding of the world through
learned from their Steno subject, will be used also into their future work.Students
must always acquire all the knowledge and skills they have learned in school. If
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they are going to work as Stenographers, their learning will be added by their
learning. When OSM students failed or having bad performance due to lack of
of its people. The development of a country relies on the hand of well- trained
individuals equipped with the sufficient knowledge, skills and ability. By exposing
them to their field of expertise as well as motivating them, they can enhance their
performance.
Section 1, Article XIV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that the
state shall protect the rights of all citizens to quality education at all levels and
shall take appropriate steps to make such education to all. This implies that the
nation shall provide a good quality education that is essential to the development
training in such a way that the future workers will be productive and be beneficial
to the organization. The nation should also promote proper training for the
development and production of skillful workers in the future. If workers have their
proper training, they will gain also good performance in their work.
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states that the “state shall produce students with high levels of academic,
thinking, behavioral and technical skills/ competency that are aligned with
assurance. It is the policy of the state to protect and promote the right of all
needs of the people and society. In this context, it means that learning in school
are equipped with knowledge and skills, they will also gain good performance in
THE PROBLEM
Systems Management third year students, A.Y. 2015-2016 in Bohol Island State
1.2 accuracy?
1.2 accuracy?
Null Hypothesis
The findings of the study lead to the acceptance or rejection of this null
hypothesis:
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Management third year students of Bohol Island State University- Main Campus.
The researchers believe that the study will be beneficial to the following:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Design
the BSOSM third year students in Steno using the Gregg shorthand and the
machine shorthand.
This study was conducted at Bohol Island State University – Main Campus
(BISU-MC) located along Carlos P. Garcia Avenue, Tagbilaran City. Under the
College of Business, Arts and Sciences (CBAS) are the four programs: Bachelor
at Steno Room. It is a closed and air conditioned room where the Steno
enrolled for the Bachelor of Science in Office Systems Management third year
level in the school year 2015-2016. The study only focused on the performance
year for the school year 2015-2016.The researchers used purposive sampling.
Instrument
The researchers used60 word per minute audio material to test the speed
and accuracy of BSOSM third year students in Gregg shorthand and machine
shorthand. There were two categories in rating the performance of the BSOSM
third year students in Gregg shorthand and machine shorthand (speed and
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measure the speed of the respondents and the accuracy were measured through
their transcription and also to their scores. The respondents were given two sets
The researchers sent a letter to the Campus Director of Bohol Island State
University –Main Campus through the Dean of College of Business, Arts, and
Sciences asking permission to allow the researchers to conduct the study. Given
respondents at the Steno Room. There were two sets of audio examination with
different content but the same level of difficulty. The researchers used a 60 word
per minute audio material. The first set is for Gregg Shorthand and the second
set is for Machine shorthand. After the dictation, the participants were given one
(1) minute to transcribe their Gregg and one (1) minute also for the Machine
Shorthand.
After the examination was given, the researchers checked the papers of
the students. Then the data were gathered, tabulated, computed, analyzed and
interpreted.
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Statistical Treatment.
performance of the BSOSM third year students in terms of speed and accuracy, we
used the formula the formula for getting weighted mean, that is:
Weighted mean :
f 1 x 1 + f 2 x 2 +f 3 x 3 … ..+ f n x n
X́ =
N
Where:
x́ = weighted mean
f= frequency of responses
N= number of respondents
x́ 1−X́
t= 2
SS1 + SS2 1 1
√ ⌊ ⌋ +
N 1+ N 2−2 N 1 N 2 [ ]
Where:
t = t-test
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are defined for clearer understanding of this study:
transcriptions.
ability to complete tasks and reach goals. This can be seen as the ability to
dictation.
shorthand. There are only 25 keys which are used to key out coded words,
numbers, phrases and sounds. Multiple keys are pressed at once during
dictation.
Chapter 2
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the
data gathered on the performance of BSOSM third year students of Bohol Island
The data of this study were taken from the results on their audio
and Machine Shorthand. There were 20 respondents; 10 from the BSOSM IV-1
Table 1
N= 20
Gregg Shorthand
Speed Accuracy
Words
Per Number of
Rating Frequency Rating Frequency
Minute Correct Words
shorthand in terms of speed and accuracy. Under speed and accuracy, there
were five brackets used in order to determine the speed interval of student’s
performance in Gregg shorthand. Under speed, there were 2 students who can
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write 40-45 words per minute who falls under the rating of “Very Fast”. There
were 4 students who can write 40-44 words per minute with the rating of “Fast”.
There were also 4 students who can write 35-39 words per minute with the rating
of “Moderate” and there were 7 students who can write 30-34 words per minute
with the rating of “Slow”. There were also 3 students who can write 25-29 words
accurate words with the rating of “Very High” ; 6 students who can transcribe 34-
39 accurate words with the rating of “High”; 6 students who can transcribe 22-27
accurate words per minute with the rating of “Low” and finally, 6 students who
can transcribe 16-21 accurate words per minute with the rating of “Very Low”.
Table 2
N= 20
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Machine Shorthand
Speed Accuracy
Words
Per Number of
Rating Frequency Rating Frequency
Minute Correct Words
word per minute examination, there were only 2 students who can type 37-41
words per minute with the rating of “ Very Fast”; three (3) who can type 31-36
words per minute with the rating of “Fast”; eight (8) students who can type 25-30
words per minute with the rating of “Moderate” ; four (4) students who can type
19-24 words per minute with the rating of “Slow” and three (3) students who can
type 13-18 words per minute with the rating of “Very Slow”.
In terms of Accuracy, there were two (2) students who can write 29-
34 accurate words per minute with the rating of “Very High”; two (2) students who
can type 23-28 accurate words per minute with the rating of “High”; eight (8)
students who can type 17-22 accurate words per minute with the rating of
“Moderate”; two (2) students who can type 11-16 accurate words per minute with
the rating of “Low” and six (6) students who can type 5-10 words per minute with
University specifically in Steno room. The researchers used 60 words per minute
Gregg and Machine Shorthand. Some of the students found it hard because they
did not hear the dictation well and also they did not have their practice. Some
participants also found it moderately hard because they already applied the
Gregg shorthand during their class discussion and taking down of notes. In
Gregg shorthand, they can write strokes that has been dictated but their strokes
them weren’t able to press the correct key due to nervousness and lack of
practice. Some of the dictated words were alsohard for them and they find the
dictation fast. In terms of accuracy, they have the difficulty in transcribing the
correct words because they did not press the correct combination of letters in the
steno machine keyboard. If they can’t press the proper keys, they can’t also
transcribe it accurately.
Table 3
N= 20
Computed Tabular t-
Variable Interpretation
t-value value
With the use of the T-test, it was found out that there was a
of speed was 5.3364 which was higher than the tabular t- value which
higher than the tabular t- value which was 2.093. Thus, the null
discussion or taking down notes. Students can have more time practicing
strokes anytime they want because it only needs pen and a piece of
always because they need to look for the availability of the Steno
Chapter 3
This chapter presents the summary of the study as well as the conclusion
the proposed action plan to improve their speed and accuracy in Gregg and
Summary
The main purpose of the study was to determine the difference between
shorthand.
The study used experimental method with the help of the 60 word per
minute audio material to obtain information that served as the empirical basis for
the analysis and interpretation of data. There were a total of twenty (20)
and also to the Dean of the College of Business, Arts and Sciences asking
permission to use the steno room and also the steno machines.
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After permission to conduct the study was obtained, data were then
Findings
After the data had been analyzed and interpreted, the following findings were
generated:
50% of the total respondents got the average speed of 35 while the others
failed. One half of the 20 respondents can write and transcribe in Gregg
shorthand but most of them have difficulty in transcribing accurately. Out of the
60 word per minute test, 46 was the highest score for the speed and 42 was the
55% of the total respondents got the average speed of 26. Out of the 60
word per minute test, 40 was the highest score for the speed with the
using machine shorthand both in terms of speed and accuracy. Many passed the
average score for speed and accuracy but they got low scores.
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Performance
With the use of the T-test, it was found out that there was a significant
BSOSM 3rd year students. It revealed that the computed t-value of Gregg and
higher than the tabular t- value which was 2.093. Meanwhile, the computed t-
6.9760 which was higher than the tabular t- value which was 2.093. Thus, the
Rationale
This kind of ability has been necessary to people who work mostly in a paper and
pen related jobs. Most especially to the secretaries, news reporters, or even
others who needs to take down notes in an accurate and reliable writing. It
Based on the result of the study, students need to improve their Gregg
plan was proposed in order to enforce their Gregg and Machine performance.
Objectives
The following are the objectives for the implementation of the proposed action
plan:
and accuracy
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Mechanics of Implementation
of the Bohol Island State University- Main Campus, to the Dean of the
College of Business, Arts and Sciences, and to the Director of the Students
Schedule of Implementation
The implementation of the action plan will take place at the beginning of
years.
Persons Involved
Achievement of the objectives of the action plan needs the great support
of the Campus Director, the Dean and the faculty of the College of Business,
Arts and Sciences, the Director of the Students Affairs Office and the
students.
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Evaluative Measures
With the approval of the Campus Director, the Dean and the faculty of the
College and the Director and staff of the Student Affairs Office, the proposed
action plan will be executed and supervised to achieve the certain objectives.
Machine Shorthand -To improve the -Discussion of common Students, SOS Every -Students can get
Performance Machine Shorthand drills and practices organization, semester higher grades in
Lack of steno performance of the -Review in every chapter School Stenography subject
machines students with speed -Group study Administration -students can write
and accuracy -Recognition to excellent and transcribe in
students Machine Shorthand
-provide more steno fast and accurately
machines
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REFERENCE LIST
http://www.facultyguidebook.com/TheoryPerformance.pdf
2015http://mydigimag.rrd.com/article/Brevity_Is_The_Soul_Of_Shorthand/88625
8/88053/article.html
Lunenburg (2011) Self efficacy and Social Cognitive Theories. Retrieved on February
Efficacy+and+Social+Cognitive+Theories
framework-in-practice
https://philippineconstitution1987.wordpress.com/2009/01/11/philippine-
constitution-article-xiv/
http://www.definitionpsychology.com/banduras-theory-of-self-efficacy/
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Tabora, J. (2012), Ched Memo Order No. 46 Series of 2012, Article 1, Section 2.
https://taborasj.wordpress.com/2013/10/12/ceaps-proposal-to-amend-cmo-46-
on-quality-assurance/
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
July 7, 2015
Sir:
Greetings!
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Office Systems
Management of Bohol Island State University Main Campus, the BSOSM fourth year students
are taking Research 2B subject. In connection with this, we would like to ask permission from
your good office to let us conduct our study entitled “GREGG SHORTHAND AND MACHINE
SHORTHAND PERFORMANCE OF BSOSM STUDENTS” with the BSOSM third year students as our
respondents.
We deeply hope that you will grant our request. This will definitely contribute to the
comprehensive conduct of our study.
APPENDIX A-1
July 7, 2015
Ma’am:
Greetings!
The undersigned is the leader of the group conducting a research study entitled ”GREGG
SHORTHAND AND MACHINE SHORTHAND PERFORMANCE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
OFFICE SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT” in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree
Bachelor of Science in Office Systems Management.
In line with this, the researchers would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us
to occupy the steno room and use the steno machines with the BSOSM third year students on
July 11, 2015.
Your approval on this matter will give a way to achieve the purpose of the study.
Respectfully yours,
ABIGAIL VICENTE
Group Leader
APPENDIX B-1
12 26 21
13 25 19
14 20 10
15 40 31
16 27 23
17 16 5
18 27 15
19 29 17
20 36 30
APPENDIX C-1
x́ 1−X́
t= 2
SS1 + SS2 1 1
√ ⌊ ⌋ +
N 1+ N 2−2 N 1 N 2 [ ]
35.2−25.65
t=
25564+14059 1 1
√ ⌊
38
⌋ [ +
20 20 ]
t= 5.3364
x́ 1−X́
t= 2
SS1 + SS2 1 1
√ ⌊ ⌋ +
N 1+ N 2−2 N 1 N 2 [ ]
35.2−25.65
t=
25564+14059 1 1
√ ⌊
38
⌋ [ +
20 20 ]
35
t= 6.9760
36
RESEARCHERS’ BIO-DATA
I. PERSONAL DATA
Age : 19
2012- present
2011-2012
2007- 2008
I. PERSONAL DATA
Age : 19
Religion : Catholic
2012- present
Tubigon, Bohol
2011-2012
Calape, Bohol
2007- 2008
I. PERSONAL DATA
2012- present
2011-2012
2007- 2008
I. PERSONAL DATA
V. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
2012- present
2011-2012
2007- 2008
I. PERSONAL DATA
Citizenship : Filipino
I. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
2015 – present
2009-2010
2005-2006
.
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