neutral

(A,E,I,O,U)--from the throat vowels

consonants
AYE
BHHE
CEE (PUFF)
DEE
EEEH uh
EFFE (PUFF)
GEE
HEITCH (AI-CH)
(A)I
JAY (PUFF)
KAY (PUFF)
ELLE (GET THE TONGUE OUT)
EMME
ENNE
OOW
P-PHEE (PUFF)
Q-KEEW (KWA)(keep the mouth wider)
ARRE (FOLD THE TONGUE)
ESSE (PUFF)
TEE (PUFF)
YOU eew
VEE (BITE THE LOWER LIP)
DA BUL U (KEEP THE LIP LIKE KISSING) or
dub u
X-EXXE
Y-WHY
Z-ZEE
c,f,h,j,k,p,q,s,t-puff sounds
impactful letters- b,d,r,l upper roller
lower roller
v-lower lip inside
w-lip to be shaped as whistling or round
shape
Short or tense vowel sounds:
- fish, ship
- egg, bed
- pumpkin, duck
- foot, bull
- clock, hot
- cat, apple
- computer, banana, America, message

Elongated or lax vowel sounds:

- tree, read
- horse, calls
- bird, learn
- car, mask
- food, shoes
Diphthongs: A diphthong is a vowel sound in which the tongue changes position to produce
the sound of two vowels.

- ei-train, remainder,name,famous,pain,saint,rain,today
-ai- ice-cream, reminder,five,sight,might,night,right,height
oe - mobile phone, oats,go,soap,nope,cargo,owner,omg,
ou - owl, account ,amount,around,ground,mountain,fountain
-oi- boy, toil,coil,foil,enjoy,convoy
- ea.,beer , tier,near,fear,clear,
-ewe,-tourist, pure,sure,cure,mature,nature,school,schedule
-air- chair, pair,prepare,repair

communication-com - u ne-ca -shun

canteen-can - tin

TONGUE TWISTERS
• A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies
• Betty Botter bought some butter, but she said "this butter's bitter! But a bit
of better butter will but make my butter better" So she bought some better
butter, better than the bitter butter, and it made her butter better so 'twas
better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter! 
• I saw a saw that could out saw any other saw I ever saw.
• Black bug bit a big black bear. But where is the big black bear that the big black bug
bit?
• A big bug bit the little beetle but the little beetle bit the big bug back.
•
• If you understand, say "understand".
If you don't understand, say "don't understand".
But if you understand and say "don't understand".
How do I understand that you understand? Understand!
• I thought, I thought of thinking of thanking you.
• Red bulb blue bulb red bulb blue bulb red bulb blue bulb
• "Red blood blue blood(3)
• I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I
won't wish the wish you wish to wish.
• If a slandering snail went down a slippery slide would a snail sleder or slide down the
slide
• bubble bobble, bubble bobble, bubble bobble
• These thousand tricky tongue twisters trip thrillingly off the tongue .
• Sounding by sound is a sound method of sounding sounds.
• Lala Gope Gappungam Das.  
• You curse, I curse, we all curse, for asparagus!
• Kacha papayah pacca papaya Kacha papaya pacca papaya Kacha papaya pacca
papaya.
• Sanjeev's sixth sheep is sick        
• Double bubble gum, bubbles double.
• Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better butter to make
the bitter butter better.
• A sailor went to sea To see, what he could see. And all he could see Was sea, sea,
sea. 
• A box of mixt biscuits, a mixt biscuit box.
• Upper roller lower roller Upper roller lower roller. d c shun
• She sells sea shells in the sea shore
• Purple Paper People, Purple Paper People, Purple Paper People
• If two witches were watching two watches, which witch would watch which watch?
• Sixth sick sheik’s sixth sick sheep 
• Which watch did which witch wear and which witch wore which watch?
• Six slippery snails, slid slowly seaward.
•
• I thought a thought.But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I
thought.If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn't
have thought so much.
• Once a fellow met a fellow In a field of beans. Said a fellow to a fellow, "If a fellow
asks a fellow, Can a fellow tell a fellow What a fellow means?" 
Passage application “f” sound:

Feathered fairy flutters and flies to Florida.

A flea and a fly in a flue were imprisoned, so
what could they do?
Said the flea “Let us fly!"
Said the fly "Let us flee!!"
So they flew through a flaw in the flue(flu).
Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair.
Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn't fuzzy, was he?

“v” sound: Even though we say bite your “v” ensure that the trainees understand that
it means ‘place your upper teeth on your lower lip (inner preferable)’ and NOT ’literally
bite it till it bleeds’.

Passage application “v” sound:

Victor Vickerson voted to review the very vilest version of the

veto to avoid a controversy. Even Evan reviewed Virginia’s
available provisions for the vacation as inevitably devoid of
value. Evan eventually arrived at the village and saved the
 day with vast amounts of veal.

Once the v sound has been completed the trainer needs to explain the importance of
distinguishing between the v and w sounds. This is because in India, we do not tend to
distinguish between the sounds and take for granted that everybody would understand
us. However, in the West, if one would not place the upper teeth on the inner region of
the lower lip while producing the v sound it would be confused with a w sound, which
requires puckering up of the lips to produce this open sound.

Passage application “w” sound:

Where were we in World War 1? On one wonderful Wednesday,

we were wandering in Westwood, Wisconsin with a wonderful
woman, whose name was Wanda Wilkerson. Along with her
was her charming husband William Wilkerson. We had been
with Wanda and William for weeks, and we were wondering
when we would wear out our welcome. “Don’t worry!” warbled
Wanda, waving wildly. “I’ve been waiting since winter!”

Passage application both “v” and “w” sounds:

As Victor and William walked down the pathway that ran through the woods, they
couldn’t help but notice the sites around them. Vines crept up trees, weeping willows
hung droopily above the lake and animals screeched out loud war cries or acted like
watchman whistling through the night. Victor was carefully mapping their path, while
William searched for a place to rest. Suddenly they both felt the ground vibrate. All the
vibrant colours of the jungle disappeared leaving them with a sinking feeling – fear.

Out of the blue- a vicious animal leapt out of the shadows and began stalking them. The
two boys now felt like victims. They began wasting their energy, shouting and
screaming, but not searching for a way out. Both of them began to weave through the
woods, only to find their ferocious predator following closely behind. The three of them
vaulted many a rock or branch or jungle vegetation- but the two boys found themselves
in danger. Luckily, Victor was well versed with the layout of the jungle and began
working towards reaching civilization.

They were very scared but they kept their nerve and now started trying to beat their
enemy. They planned like two old army veterans and virtually tricked the animal in order
to escape. Fortunately, they made it to their car and drove off never to look back.
Luke Luck likes lakes.
Luke's duck likes lakes.
Luke Luck licks lakes.
Luck's duck licks lakes.
Duck takes licks in lakes Luke Luck likes.
Luke Luck takes licks in lakes duck likes.

Passage application “p” sound:

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many

pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?
Peter poked a poker at the piper, so the piper poked pepper at
Peter.
Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled pepper, a pack of pickled
pepper Peter Piper picked.
If Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled pepper, where's the pack
of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked?
Paul, please pause for proper applause

Passage application “b” sound:

Betty Botter had some butter,
"But," she said, "This butter's bitter.
If I bake this bitter butter,
It would make my batter bitter.
But a bit of better butter,
That would make my batter better."
So she bought a bit of butter -
Better than her bitter butter -
And she baked it in her batter;
And the batter was not bitter.
So it was better, Betty Botter
Bought a bit of better butter.
Passage application “t” sound:
Tree-toad loved a she-toad
Who lived up in a tree.
He was a two-toed tree-toad,
But a three-toed toad was she.
The two-toed tree-toad tried to win
The three-toed she-toad's heart,
For the two-toed tree-toad loved the ground
That the three-toed tree-toad trod.
But the two-toed tree-toad tried in vain;
He couldn't please her whim.

WON
TOO(teew)
TH®EE
FO
F(A)IVE
SEEKS
SAY-VEN
AI-TE
N(A)INE
TAY-NE
LAY-VEN
T-VELVE
THA-DEEN
FO – DEEN
FIF-TEEN
SEEKS-TEEN
SAY-VA-NEEN
AI-DEEN
NAI-NEEN
TWENNY
THA-DEE
FO-DEE
FIF-TEE
SEEKS-TEE
SAY-VA-NEE
AI-DEE
NAI-NEE
HA-N-RED
ZEE-RO OR OOW

MONTHS
JAN Uh REE
FEB RA REE
MAW-CH
AI-PRIL
MAAI
JEW NE
JEW LY
AAW-GAS-T
SEP-TEiM-Buzh
OCTO-BA
NA-VEiM BA
DE-SEiM-BA

Name
Home town
Educ profile
Wor exp
Personl profile
Acheivements
Hobbies
WEEKS
SuN-DAAI
MAWN-DAAI
TOOS-DAAI
WENS-DAAI
THAWS-DAAI
FRAAI-DAAI
SAT Uh DAAI

ca cae cee cu ci
FA FAE FEE FU FI
ha hae hee hu hi
ja jae jee ju ji
ka kae kee ku ki
PA PAE PEE PU PI
qwa qwae qwee qwu qwi
sa sae see su si
sha shae shee shu shi
ta tae tee tu ti

BA BAE BEE BU BI
SA SAE SEE SU SI
SHA SHAE SHEE SHU SHI
TA TAE TEE TU TI
DA DAE DEE DU DI
LA LAE LEE LU LI

PARTS OF SPEECH
NAPVAPCI
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN
VERB
ADVERB
CONJUNCTION
INTERJECTION
NOUN:ITS
NAME,PLACE,THINGS,ANIMALS,GEOGRAP
HICAL REPR
Baburaj,delhi,table,lion,tiger,winter,summ
er,equator
Baburaj is sitting on the table
ADJECTIVE:
IT GIVES MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
NOUN.
SHEELA IS BEAUTIFUL
HE IS A GOOD PERSON
CHENNAI IS VERY HOT
PRONOUN: it is used instead of noun
HE/SHE/IT/THEY/I/WE/ME/OUR/US/HIM/
HER/HIS.THEMSELF,OURSELF,MY
VERB:
AUXILLARY VERB : IT Is ALSO CALLED
HELPING VERB
IS/AM/ARE/WAS/WERE/WILL/WILL
BE/HAVE/HAS/HAD/WOULD HAVE/HAD
BEEN/HAS BEEN/HAVE BEEN/WOULD
HAVE BEEN
MODALS:MIGHT/MAY/SHOULD/CAN/coul
d/would/must/will

HE IS LISTENING THE CLASS

HE IS A TEACHER

ADVERB:

“MOST OF THE TIME U WILL HAVE LY AT

THE END OF THE SENTENCE
IT GIVES MORE INFO ABOUT VERB.
HE IS RUNNING SLOWLY
COME HERE
GO THERE
PEOPLE ARE STANDING FOR A LONG TIME
PREPOSITION
IT INTERCONNECT WORDS TO FRAME A
MEANINGFUL SENTENCE
IN,ON,FOR,FROM,TO,AT,WITH,BY,UP,BEHI
ND,BESIDE,ABOVE,BELOW,UNDER,UNDER
NEATH,SINCE,AND,BEFORE
I SIT IN A CHAIR
I SIT ON A TABLE
I COME IN BUS
IN THE MORNING,ON SATURDAY
AT6
FROM 6 TO 7
BETWEEN 6 AND 7
7.30 PM --HALF PAST SEVEN
QUARTEER TO 7--6.45

I GO TO OFFICE

I WILL MEET YOU ----- CHENNAI

I MET MY FRIEND WHO MET WITH A
ACCIDENT ---------------- HOSPITAL

CONJUNCTION:
IT IS USED TO INTERCONNECT SENTENCES
I GOT FAILED SINCE DID NOT PREPARE
WELL
BECAUSE,BUT,AND,ALTHOUGH,EVENTHO
UGH,SO,OR,UNLESS,SINCE

INTERJECTION:
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
IT EXPRESSES MORE ABOUT EMOTIONS
WOW!
WHAT A SURPRISE!

Simple present tense

Subject+base verb+object
I do the work
He/she/it---(s,es)
i/they/we-base verb
I write a letter
He writes a letter
I speak with you
He speaks with me
I teach grammar
He teaches grammar
They teach grammar

Simple past tense

Subject+v2+object
They taught grammar
He spoke with me
I wrote a letter
Simple future tense
Subject+will+v1+object
I come to theatre
I will come to class
I write a letter
I will write a letter
He will write a letter

I will teach grammar

I will write a letter
I did the work
I will do the work
VERB IS ACTIONS
BASE VERB PAST FORM OF VERB
PAST PARTICIPLE
DO DID DONE
WRITE WROTE
WRITTEN
LAUGH LAUGHED
LAUGHED
READ READ
READ
Cook cooked
cooked
Sing sang sung
PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE:
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY VERB+V4+OBJECT
A.V: AM/IS /ARE
I : AM
HE/SHE: IS
THEY/WE/YOU : ARE
READ
I AM READING THE NEWSPAPER
HE IS READING THE NEWSPAPER
THEY ARE READING THE NEWS PAPER
HE READS NEWSPAPER
PAST CONT TENSE
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY VERB+V4+OBJECT
A.V: WAS/WERE
WAS: HE/SHE/IT/NAME/I
WERE: THEY/WE/YOU
HE WAS READING NEWSPAPER
THEY WERE GOING TO SCHOOL
FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE:
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY VERB+V4+OBJECT
A.V: WILL BE
I WILL BE READING NEWSPAPER
I WILL BE GOING TO MY NATIVE
I WILL BE GIVING THE LETTER TO MY TL
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:
SUBJECT+A.V+V3+OBJECT
A.V: HAS/HAVE
HAS: HE/SHE/IT/NAMES
HAVE:WE/THEY/I/YOU
I DID THE WORK
I HAVE DONE THE WORK
SHE HAS DONE THE WORK
HE HAS
THEY HAVE DONE THE WORK
I HAVE COMPLETED THE WORK
I HAD MY LUNCH
I HAVE MY LUCH
I HAVE ,HAD MY LUNCH
PAST PERFECT TENSE:
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY VERB+V3+OBJECT
A.V:HAD
I HAD COMPLETED THE WORK
I HAD LIVED IN AUSTRALIA
I HAD WORKED IN WIPRO
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE:
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY VERB+V3+OBJECT
A.V: WOULD HAVE
I F IT IS NOT RAINED,I WOULD HAVE
GONE TO CINEMA
IF I HAD TIME,I WOULD HAVE COMPLETED
THE TASK
I WOULD HAVE COMPLETED THE TASK BY
THIS TIME TOMORROW

I WOULD HAVE GONE TO CHENNAIIT

/I WOULD HAVE DONE IT /I SHOULD HAVE
DONE/I COULD HAVE DONE IT/I MI
GHT HAVE DONE IT/
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE:
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY
VERB+V4+OBJECT+TIME
A.V: HAS BEEN/HAVE BEEN
HAS BEEN:HE/SHE/IT/NAME
HAVE BEEN :WE/THEY/I/YOU
I HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR YOU FOR 2
HOURS
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE:
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY
VERB+V4+OBJECT+TIME
A.V: HAD BEEN
I HAD BEEN WAITING FOR YOU FOR 2
HOURS
FUTURE PERFECT CONT TENSE:
SUBJECT+AUXILLARY
VERB+V4+OBJECT+TIME
A.V: WOULD HAVE BEEN/SHOULD HAVE
BEEN
I WOULD HAVE BEEN TRAVELLING IN
TRAIN BY TOMORROW