The Biology of Cancer 2nd Edition By

Robert A. – Test Bank

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The Biology of Cancer, 2nd Edition, Question Bank

© 2014 Garland Science

Chapter 3 Tumor Viruses

Level 1: Comprehension of reading, knowledge of terminology

Level 2: Understanding and application of information to compare and contrast

or interpretation of data

Level 3: Analysis and application of information to a problem, an experiment, a

secondary concept, or previous knowledge

 Dulbecco and Rubin discovered that they could infect chicken embryo
fibroblasts with RSV in culture. Which of the following was NOT a
characteristic exhibited by these cells after they were infected? ( Level 2)
1. Virus particles were produced by these cells for many weeks.
2. Cells formed clusters, or foci, after infection.
3. The cells seemed to demonstrate uninhibited proliferation.
4. The cells exhibited flattened morphology.
5. The cells exhibited metabolic properties similar to those observed in
tumor cells.

 Experiments using temperature-sensitive mutants of RSV to infect chicken

embryo fibroblasts demonstrated that (Level 2)
1. Infection with RSV is necessary to initiate transformation of these cells,
but the RSV genome is not needed to maintain the transformed state.
2. The RSV transforming gene is necessary for both the initiation and
maintenance of transformation in these cells.
3. Infection with RSV alone is unable to transform these cells.
4. Cells infected with RSV continue to exhibit normal cellular morphology.
5. None of the above.

 Which of the following is considered to be a tumor virus? (Level 1)

1. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
2. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
3. Shope fibroma virus
4. Human adenovirus 5
5. All of the above

 Which of the following is a property of transformed cells? ( Level 2)

1. Rounded shape
2. Reduced requirement for mitogenic growth factors
3. Loss of contact inhibition
4. Increased transport of glucose
5. All of the above

 The ability of cells suspended in soft (semi-solid) agar medium to form

colonies is a good predictor that (Level 3)
1. These cells will form tumors if injected subcutaneously into
immunocompromised mice.
2. These cells have stopped proliferating and will die.
3. These cells would fail to grow in normal medium.
4. These cells have an increased requirement for growth factors.
5. None of the above.

 
 Once a cell has been infected with a virus, how might viral genes be
transmitted from mother to daughter cells? (Level 2)
1. Viral DNA carries its own replication machinery, replicating its own
genome independently of host enzymes.
2. Viral DNA may be integrated into the host cell’s chromosomes, so that it is
replicated along with host DNA prior to cell division.
3. Viral DNA may be linked to host DNA through protein bridges, allowing it to
tag along with host chromosomal DNA during cell division.
4. B and C.
5. All of the above.

 Which of the following enzymes are encoded by retroviral DNA? ( Level 2)

1.
2. Reverse transcriptase.
3. RNA polymerase II.
4. A and B.
5. None of these enzymes are encoded by retroviral DNA.

 A gene found in a normal cell’s genome that can be picked up and altered
by a virus to drive cellular transformation is known as (Level 1)
1. An oncogene
2. A proto-oncogene
3. A transgene
4. A protogene
5. None of the above

 Scientists may map the insertion sites of viruses in DNA isolated from
tumors that formed following retroviral infection in order to ( Level 3)
1. Identify the viral genes responsible for transformation.
2. Discover new proto-oncogenes.
3. Determine how viruses suppress tumorigenesis.
4. Understand how viruses infect cells.
5. All of the above.

 Some retroviruses are able to transform cells through (Level 2)

1. Inserting themselves near a proto-oncogene in the host genome.
2. Acquiring oncogenes within their own genome.
3. Possessing genes that specify proteins that activate cellular genes
involved in proliferation.
4. A, B, and C.
5. None of the above.

 Which of the following is true of retroviruses? (Level 2)

1. They are DNA viruses.
2. Their replication cycle requires DNA to be transcribed to RNA.
3. The DNA versions of their viral genomes are called proviruses.
4. B and C.
5. None of the above.

 Which of the following is true of c-src? (Level 2)

1. It is present only in vertebrate cells containing integrated viral DNA.
2. It results in cellular transformation.
3. It is an example of a proto-oncogene.
4. It is highly conserved among vertebrate species.
5. C and D.

Answers

 D
 B
 E
 E
 A
 D
 A
 B
 B
 D
 D
 E

The Biology of Cancer, 2nd Edition, Question Bank

© 2014 Garland Science

Chapter 4 Cellular Oncogenes

Level 1: Comprehension of reading, knowledge of terminology

 Level 2: Understanding and application of information to compare and contrast
or interpretation of data

Level 3: Analysis and application of information to a problem, an experiment, a

secondary concept, or previous knowledge

 DNA from human lung tumor cells was used to transfect NIH 3T3 (mouse
embryo fibroblast) cells. After several weeks, some of these cells formed foci,
or clusters of cells, on the plate. Cells isolated from these foci were able to
grow in soft agar and formed tumors when injected subcutaneously into
immunocompromised mice. These results suggest that (Level 3)
1. The oncogene present in the human lung tumor cells is also able to
transform NIH 3T3 mouse cells.
2. The NIH 3T3 cells were most likely transformed by multiple oncogenes
present in the donor cells.
3. The NIH 3T3 cells were most likely transformed by a single oncogene
present in the donor cells.
4. A and C.
5. A, B, and C.

 Which of the following types of genetic alterations would be associated

with an increased aggressiveness of cancer cells? (Level 2)
1. Amplification of ErbB2
2. Amplification of Myc
3. Decreased expression of ErbB2
4. Lower expression of Myc
5. A and B

 Which of the following statements is TRUE? (Level 2)

1. All types of cancer are associated with a transforming retrovirus.
2. Breast cancer patients whose tumors express elevated levels of ErbB2
usually have a longer median survival after diagnosis than those with normal
levels of this protein.
3. Retrovirus-associated oncogenes are often related to the oncogenes found
in increased copy numbers in non-virally induced tumor cells.
4. Patients with bladder cancer often have reduced levels of H-Ras
5. None of the above.

 Oncogenic mutations in H-Ras are most often the result of (Level 2)

1. Point mutations resulting in a premature stop codon.
2. Point mutations that change the protein’s structure and result in its
constitutive activation.
3. Insertion of extra bases in exon 1 of the gene.
4. Frameshift mutations.
5. None of the above.

 Which of the following mechanisms may contribute to tumorigenesis

driven by the myc oncogene? (Level 2)
1. Increased myc copy number
2. Constitutive activation of myc under the transcriptional control of viral
promoters
3. Chromosomal translocations
4. A, B, and C
5. None of the above

 Fusion of the reading frames of the bcr and abl genes, as is often

observed in cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), is an example of
what type of genetic alteration? (Level 1)
1. A reciprocal chromosomal translocation
2. A nonreciprocal chromosomal translocation
3. A frameshift mutation
4. A chromosomal deletion
5. None of the above

 The transforming abilities of the Bcr-Abl fusion protein are due primarily to
the deregulated firing of its tyrosine kinase, which is equivalent to what
domain of the normal Abl protein? (Level 2)
1. The SH1 domain
2. The SH2 domain
3. The SH3 domain
4. The DNA binding domain
5. None of the above

 Approximately what percentage of human tumors are associated with

infectious agents? (Level 1)
1. 5%
2. 10%
3. 20%
4. 40%
5. 60%

 Which of the following factors are associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma

formation? (Level 2)
1. Malarial infection
2. Infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
3. Mutation in c-myc
4. Mutation in ErbB2
5. A, B, and C

 Which of the following consequences of mutations would be LEAST likely

to be associated with an increased cancer risk? (Level 3)
1. Truncation of the EGF receptor
2. Amplification of myc
3. Amplification of ErbB2
4. Truncation of H-Ras due to a premature stop codon.
5. Constitutive activation of K-Ras

 Normal proto-oncogenes found in the human genome can be activated to

become oncogenes by (Level 2)
1. Somatic mutations that result in higher levels of expression of the gene.
2. Deregulation by retroviral elements.
3. Mutations resulting in structural changes in the protein product of the
gene.
4. A, B, and C.
5. None of the above.

 Gene amplification can be detected by

1. Observation of homogeneously staining regions using microscopy.
2. Deletion of the arm of a chromosome.
3. Observation of extrachromosomal “double minutes.”
4. A and C.
5. None of the above.

Answers

 D
 E
 C
 B
 D
 A
 A
 C
 E
 D
 D
 D