1.

Malnutrition among children in refugee is a critical public health concern due to the
heightened vulnerability. The rate of malnutrition in refugees’ camp needs to be viewed
as not just a health issue but as a serious protection and access to basic rights failure.
The magnitude of acute malnutrition among refugee camps in Ethiopia is relatively well-
documented. A nutritional survey done in 2014 among south Sudanese refugee camps
showed that the prevalence of acute malnutrition was almost two-fold the emergency
threshold of 15%.

Acute malnutrition is not only a condition that kills but also has long term health and
developmental consequences among recovered children after receiving appropriate treatment.
These long term consequences include an increased risk of stunted growth, impaired
cognitive development and a greater chance of developing non-communicable diseases in
adulthood. This demonstrates that it is of utmost importance to invest not only in the
treatment of acute malnutrition but also in its prevention.

The problem, as well as the solution to malnutrition, is multi-faceted. In addition to an actual

shortage of food; poor sanitation, a lack of available potable water, caring practices and
insufficient health services are all significant factors contributing to the population’s overall
nutritional status and health. There is no single silver bullet that will instantly eradicate
malnutrition from the refugee camps but only through a holistic approach and strong group
effort. Effective policies and programs to alleviate malnutrition requires an understanding of
the determinants of acute malnutrition in the refugee camps.

Adapted from: http://primarycare.imedpub.com

Which of the following can best replace the word magnitude in “The magnitude of acute
malnutrition …” (paragraph 1)?

a. capacity
b. importance
c. weight
d. amount
e. power

2. When exploratory divers discovered the underwater Mexican cave site known as Hoyo
Negro, the conditions of the cave were so pristine and stable, but there was evidence that
at least one person had been inside the cave before the divers: A Paleoamerican girl
nicknamed Naia, who had fallen to her death while presumably collecting water from the
cave during the late Pleistocene era, between 13,000 and 12,000 years ago. The divers
found her skeleton, as well as the remains of several Ice Age animals, on the cave floor.
According to Rissolo and project co-director, James Chatters, it was like the La Brea tar
pits without the tar.

This remarkable discovery represents the first and only example of human remains found in
direct association with extinct megafauna in the Americas, says Rissolo, who is a visiting
scholar at UC San Diego from the Waitt Institute and a research associate at the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography. The remains of two gomphotheres (extinct elephant-like
creatures), two Shasta ground sloths, a pair of saber-toothed cats and numerous other animals
were also found with Naia in the underwater pit, which measures 200 feet in diameter and is
located in the far Southeast of the country, on the Yucután Peninsula.

Computer science Ph.D. student Vid Petrovic – a member of the Center’s Integrative
Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program in cultural heritage
diagnostics – is using photos taken by the scientific dive team to create 3D structure-from-
motion (SfM) models of the cave site, and he has used the same technique to recreate Naia’s
mandible.

SfM is an imaging technique that, in this case, uses two-dimensional photographs taken
underwater at the cave site. Petrovic tracks and aligns features in the photos (such as corner
points) to ‘stitch together’ and reconstruct the objects digitally in 3D.

Rissolo says that given the proper lighting, camera set-up and protocols, SfM is a relatively
straightforward and cost-effective imaging and visualization method, especially for
documenting archaeological sites that are not easily accessible or are threatened with
destruction, either natural or human-derived.

Adapted from: http://archaeologicalconservancy.org

According to the text, what remains are not found in Hoyo Negro? The remains of…

a. gomphotheras
b. elephants
c. Shasta ground sloths
d. saber-toothed cats
e. Paleoamerican girl

3.  The study of songbirds has revealed a variety of fundamental properties of

biological systems. In particular, neurobiological studies carried out in songbirds have
revealed the presence of newly born neurons in the adult brain, how steroid hormones
affect brain development, the neural and mechanistic bases of vocalizations, and how
experience modifies neuronal physiology. More evidently, however, songbirds have
been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal learning, a behavior thought to
be a substrate for speech acquisition in humans. Now an international consortium has
unveiled the genome of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia Guttata).

          Sequencing the zebra finch genome was initiated in 2005 under the Large Scale
Genome Sequencing Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute. The prior
work in the research community characterizing the zebra finch brain transcriptase. These
initiatives, along with new zebra finch genome sequences, have resulted in the complete
genome sequenced with 17,475 protein-coding genes identified, as well as regulatory regions
and non-coding RNAs. The annotation and sequence coverage of the zebra finch genome will
certainly be refined in the years to come, but the initial endeavor is expected to provide a
unique platform for modern genomics research in this organism. Furthermore, this initial
snapshot of the songbird genome should provide critical insights into fundamental scientific
questions, including an array of physiological and evolutionary processes.

Adapted from: link.springer.com
From the sentence ‘… songbirds have been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal
learning, ….’ in paragraph 1, it can be stated that…

a. Songbirds are good models of vocal learning.

b. Human can practice vocal learning through songbird.
c. Songbirds are observed intensively by the scientist.
d. Songbirds imitate human’s speech.
e. Human speech acquisition in inspired by songbird.

4.What will man be like in the future – in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can
only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is
today. From man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man,
even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are
about three inches taller. Five hundred is a relatively short period of time, so we may
assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world, we use our
brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain capacity.
As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more – and
eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too;
the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they
become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time, it is likely
that man’s eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms
and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers
will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about
hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in the course of time because it
does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be
bald.

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not a very attractive creature to look
at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of these changes, future man will still have a
lot of common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions that
resemble us.

Taken from: www.platea.pntic.mec

According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about the man?

a. It takes a few decades for man to be taller.

b. The development of man’s brain does not affect his physical development.
c. Modern people are using the full capacity of their brains.
d. Within a decade, man has become three inches taller.
e. It can be expected that future man will be taller.

        5.  Everyone knows the basics about Santa, the jolly man in a red suit that delivers gifts
at Christmas. How a small town near the Arctic Circle in Finland became known as his
“official hometown” proves a less familiar twist to the story. Santa was a marketing gimmick,
based on a third-century, ancient bishop from Turkey known for secretly giving away his
large inheritance. His random acts of kindness didn’t go unnoticed, earning sainthood and
global celebration on the date of his death, December 6. This story of Saint Nicolas then
traveled with Dutch immigrants to the US, where “Sinterklaas” was moulded into the visual
image of Santa we all recognize today. Without much of a backstory to Santa Claus, an
illustration in Harpers magazine from 1866 is credited with establishing the legend of his
home at the “North Pole.”

          In 1927, Markus Rautio–a Finnish radio broadcaster known as “Uncle Marcus”–
claimed on-air that Santa’s workshop was discovered in Rovaniemi, Finland. The
government of the province, Lapland, declared itself “Santa Claus Land” decades later to
boost tourism. Santa Claus Village opened just outside Rovaniemi in 1985. Of course, there
are other places that lay claim to a Santa or Saint Nick association: Korvatunturi, Finland,
claims to be his real home and that Rovaniemi was just created for tourists. The Church of
Saint Nicolas in Demre, Turkey, contains his sarcophagus but not his bones. There’s a
multitude of pop-ups around the world, but the Santa in Rovaniemi differs in that the man is
marketed as the original, and tourists can visit him throughout the year.

          Christmas lasts all year round in Rovaniemi, a place of anticipation. Even the hardcore
cynic will be moved by the “Christmas Spirit.” After visiting Santa, families can dine in the
snowglobe atmosphere of the Ice Restaurant and Ice Bar in Snowman World. Leaving from
the Elf’s Yard, kids can cross the Arctic Circle with traditional Lappish wooden skis. The
region forms part of the natural habitat for roaming reindeer–unlike the North Pole.

          Santa Claus’s Main Post Office, with a special Arctic Circle stamp, received about half
a million letters last year. In reality, this figure is much higher since post offices around the
world have their own systems of dealing with letters addressed to Santa. Santa in Rovaniemi
received 18 million letters from 199 different countries to date, and at Christmastime, can
receive 32,000 letters per day, with the most letters arriving from China. An official reply
from Santa Claus will set people back more than 10 dollars (8.90 euros). It is free to see him,
but tourists can’t take photos or videos, although you can buy the official one. In high season
(November through March), prices reach more than 50 dollars (45 euros).

Adapted from: http://www.nationalgeographic.com

The second paragraph mainly talks about…

a. the discocery of Santa’s workshop

b. the description of Rovaniemi, Finland
c. Santa Clause’s original village
d. Millions letters for Santa Clause every year
e. Uncle Marcus’s claim over Santa Clause village

6. Over the past 115 years global average temperatures have increased 1.8 degrees
Fahrenheit, leading to record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes, the report
says. The global, long-term warming trend is “unambiguous,” it says, and there is “no
convincing alternative explanation” that anything other than humans — the cars we drive, the
power plants we operate, the forests we destroy — are to blame.

The report was approved for release by the White House, but the findings come as the Trump
administration is defending its climate change policies. The United Nations convenes its
annual climate change conference next week in Bonn, Germany, and the American delegation
is expected to face harsh criticism over President Trump’s decision to walk away from the
195-nation Paris climate accord and top administration officials’ stated doubts about the
causes and impacts of a warming planet.

While there were pockets of resistance to the report in the Trump administration, according to
climate scientists involved in drafting the report, there was little appetite for a knockdown
fight over climate change among Mr. Trump’s top advisers, who are intensely focused on
passing a tax reform bill — an effort they think could determine the fate of his presidency.

Adapted from: http://nytimes.com

The author is primarily concerned with…

a. the record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes

b. the effort and fate Trump’s presidency
c. the climate report released by the White House
d. the decision taken by US delegation in the climate change conference
e. the United Nation annual climate conference in paris

7.  The story of Dara Puspita, an Indonesian all-female band that was famous in the 1960s, is
set to be made into a biopic by production house FP. FP producer Frederica said she believed
the Surabaya-based band’s story deserved to be told on the big screen. “We think it’s
important, especially because at that time they were the only Indonesian all-female band that
performed in dozens of European cities,” Frederica told tempo.co.

        Expected to be released in 2020, the production house is currently still conducting

research. “Their story will be very inspiring,” said Frederica, who expressed optimism the
film would set a new trend in the industry, which she said lacked, films about local
musicians. The band has reportedly given consent for the adaptation. Drummer Titiek
Hamzah also expressed hopes the film would show the band’s stories and struggles. “It needs
to represent what a musician’s journey is like,” she said. The journey of Dara Puspita began
from the 1960s to the early 1970s. In 1965, they became the opening act for legendary band
Koes Bersaudara under the name Irama Puspita. Among their popular tracks were “A Go
Go”, “Burung Kakaktua” and “Tanah Airku”.

Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com

How does the author organize the passage? By…

a. exposing the news about the film then explaining its values
b. exposing the reason behind the making of the film and explaining the plot
c. explaining the purpose of the film and the targets of the producer
d. describing the film and explaining the members of Dara Puspita Band

8. In 1979, two British farmers reported that, while sitting on a hill, they suddenly saw the
crops below flattened in a perfect circle. They inferred that some great force must have come
down directly from above to squash the corn and barley. This started a public hysteria about
so-called crop circles. The patterns pressed into the crops (not all of them were circles)
seemed to have no entry or exit points. Many people hypothesized that only alien spaceships
could make such bizarre imprints.
Others, including Britain’s police, assailed such wild conclusions. They had a contrary
theory: Someone was playing a big hoax. Teams of investigators took samples of the plants
and the soil, trying to objectively analyze the crop circles as if they were a crime scene.

Public curiosity often impaired the investigators, who had to tolerate busloads of tourists
flocking to the circles. The farmers in the area, long suspicious of the police, approached the
case as an instance of police versus the people. If the local farmers knew the circles were a
hoax, they wouldn’t say so.

Taken from: McGraw-Hill’s Must-Have Words p. 141

Which of the following can be inferred from the statement ‘Many people hypothesized that
only alien spaceships could make such bizarre imprints’ in the first paragraph?

a. The phenomenon interest lots of tourist to sightsee the crops.

b. The government believes that someone was playing a big hoax.
c. The crops seemed to have no entry or exit points.
d. Most people do not believe that humans are able to make crop circles.
e. Some great force must have come down directly from above to make the crops.

9. “She dances….(beauty-beautiful-beautifully-beautified beautify).”

To answer that question, we need to do … techniques in reading.

a. cloze procedure
b. vocabulary improvement
c. reading
d. scanning
e. understanding the sentence

10. Dangerous as anger can be, it is also natural, even necessary, and has been hard-wired
into the brain by evolution. Most obviously, anger helped people survive. As soon as this
survival was threatened, anger was triggered, along with violent defensive action. More
surprisingly, perhaps, anger also helped early humans to live together in groups, acting as a
kind of warning signal in the form of threatening facial expressions, clenched fists, reddening
cheeks, and so on. This lets others know that their behavior was unacceptable, that they were
invading someone’s personal space and that they risked physical retaliation.

At first glance, anger seems relatively simple. Ask the man in the street to define it and he
will probably say ‘it’s what happens when people annoy you.’ But anger can take many
forms and has numerous different triggers. And what infuriates one person may pass by
another unnoticed. One individual can make her way through a bustling crowd, or sit next to
a screaming child, and seem perfectly relaxed. But if someone questions her political beliefs,
or disrupts her plans, she will fly into an uncontrollable rage.

For some, anger is triggered more by petty annoyances than by major catastrophes. They will
be calm and methodical during a bereavement, for example, or when traveling to the hospital
for an operation, but as soon as the neighbor’s car alarm goes off, or the printer runs out of
ink, they explode. For others, it is threats to their money, property, status or time that act as
the major catalyst. They may let the petty irritations go, but if their car is scratched or their
authority questioned, they become enraged.

Finally, some will laugh off both petty irritations and threats to their money or status. For
them, rule-breaking is the most infuriating thing. This is especially true of those with
obsessive-compulsive or autistic traits: people who like and need things to be regular and
ordered. And such rules can be more like vague, unspoken agreements. For example,
someone may be sensitive about their acne or low income. Friends understand this and so the
subject is never raised. One evening, someone makes a harmless remark and is shocked to see
their friend explode with rage. But it wasn’t the fact that his low income or bad skin had been
mentioned, nor even that he felt humiliated; his anger was sparked because someone had
broken the rules.

Taken from: http://www.healthguidance.org

From the passage, it can be summed up that…

a. Some people get angry for small or serious things and some others might get angry,
not due to small or serious matters, but because people ask them what they do not like
to be asked.
b. Most people get angry with something they cannot control or predict, or something
they are very sensitive to.
c. Some people get angry for small things, while some get angry for more serious
matters.
d. Amongst many conditions that make people angry, the most frequent reason is when
people raise a topic that relates to the person’s bad experience in the past.
e. For an obsessive-compulsive person or someone with autistic traits, he/she can get
angry when someone has broken the rules by, for example messing up the order or
regulation and not doing what they are asked to do.

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