O&M Doc

O&M Doc for Telecom Sites

By: Muhammad Javed Iqbal

Ref: Rev: 1.0 Date: 15-10-14 Page: 1 of 13

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Contents
1. PREVENTIVE, CORRECTIVE OR BREAKDOWN CONDITION -BASED MONITORING (CBM) MAINTENANCE ............. 3
1.1 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM): ...................................................................................................... 3
1.2 CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE (CM) OR BREAKDOWN MAINTENANCE (BM): ............................................................... 3
1.3 CONDITION-BASED MONITORING (CBM): ............................................................................................... 3
1.4 WARRANTY MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................. 3
1.5 SPARE PARTS INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................ 3
1.6 ON NORMAL BTS SITE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE......................................................................................... 3
2. ON HYBRID BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE ............................................................... 3
2.1 ON SOLAR POWER BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE ...................................................................... 3
2.2 OTHER CHALLENGES.................................................................................................................... 4
3. ON NORMAL BTS SITE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE ............................................................................... 4
3.1 DG MAINTENANCE ...................................................................................................................... 4
4. DG PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE.................................................................................................... 5
5. GENSET MAINTENANCE REPORT (FOUR COPIES) ............................................................................... 7
6. GENSET REFUELING REPORT (FIVE COPIES) .................................................................................... 8
7. AMF & ATS PANEL .................................................................................................................... 9
8. BTS SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ALARM SYSTEM ............................................................................... 9
9. RECTIFIER AND BBU .................................................................................................................. 9
10. SHELTERS & FENCES ............................................................................................................... 10
11. EARTH PITS .......................................................................................................................... 10
12. ON HYBRID BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE ............................................................. 10
13. BATTERY BACKUP (CYCLE) AND GENERATOR CONTROLLER .............................................................. 10
14. STANDBY GENSET INSURANCE ................................................................................................... 11
15. ON SOLAR POWER BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE .................................................... 11
15.1 DIFFERENT O&M SKILL SETS ....................................................................................................... 11
15.2 PV MODULES ...................................................................................................................... 11
15.3 INVERTER AND AC LOAD WIRING ................................................................................................... 11
15.4 STRUCTURES ....................................................................................................................... 12
15.5 MOUNTING ........................................................................................................................ 12
15.6 GROWTH OF SHRUBS, TREES AND OTHER VEGETATION.............................................................................. 12
16. COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................... 12
17. OTHER CHALLENGES ............................................................................................................... 12
17.1 O&M BUDGET ..................................................................................................................... 12
17.2 SKILLED MANPOWER ............................................................................................................... 12
17.3 LOCAL LABOUR .................................................................................................................... 12
17.4 AVAILABILITY OF WATER ON BTS SITE.............................................................................................. 12
17.5 THEFT ............................................................................................................................. 13
18. DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................... 13
19. CONTACTS ........................................................................................................................... 13

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1. Preventive, Corrective or Breakdown Condition -Based Monitoring (CBM)

Maintenance
1.1 Preventive Maintenance (PM):
Preventive or routine Maintenance (PM) which includes routine inspection and servicing of equipment which help
prevent breakdowns and reduce energy yield losses. PM is usually a scheduled activity.

1.2 Corrective Maintenance (CM) or breakdown Maintenance (BM):

Includes repair of broken down equipment and is usually reactive.

1.3 Condition-Based Monitoring (CBM):

Involves monitoring of equipment condition and site operations on a real-time basis and addresses a potential
problem at a very early stage to prevent downtime. This requires a robust site performance monitoring system.

1.4 Warranty Management

The O&M personnel should have a very clear understanding of the warranty terms from the suppliers. They also
need to know the type of defects or problems that are covered under warranty. The duration of the warranty and
also the key personnel from the supplier with who warranty claims can be taken up and enforced in a timely
manner.

1.5 Spare Parts Inventory Management

The inventory management is critical because this could increase or decrease the cost of the O&M as well as the
working capital requirement. It is also essential for the timely completion of the different types of maintenance.
The O&M personnel should know very clearly the list of the spare parts available, their quantity at the site
warehouse and the lead times for delivery of spare parts from the suppliers.

1.6 On Normal BTS site required maintenance

1. DG Maintenance
2. AMF & ATS Panel
3. BTS site and Environmental Alarm System
4. Shelters & Fences
5. Earth Pits

2. On Hybrid BTS site additional required maintenance

1. Battery backup (cycle) and Generator controller
2. Standby Genset Insurance

2.1 On Solar power BTS site additional required maintenance

Maintenance is important for improving the performance of the solar power plant.
 Different O&M skill sets
 PV Module
 Inverter and AC load wiring
 Structure
 Mounting
 Growth of shrubs, trees and other vegetation
 Communication

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2.2 Other Challenges

 O&M Budget
 Skilled manpower
 Local labour
 Availability of water on BTS site
 Theft
 Documentation

3. On normal BTS site required maintenance

3.1 DG Maintenance
 First level maintenance for DG
 Diesel filling
 Battery charger(Electrical & Mechanical)
 Battery voltage
 Level of distilled water in the secondary cells
 Battery terminals grease lubrication coating.
 Running hours reading meter
 Oil filter
 Fuel filter
 Air filter
 DG inside wiring
 DG belt status
 Radiator leakage
 Radiator water level
 Cooling fan
 All lock in Genset like Door locks, Fuel tank lock
 Built in AMF
 Emergency stop switch
 Fuel solenoid
 Fuel pump and nozzles
 Frequency and speed adjust system
 AVR card

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4. DG Preventive Maintenance
Maintenance Items Service Time
On Monthly
Serial refueling/ After 6 After 1
Name /After 240
Number months year
per visit hours
General inspection &
1 *
cleaning
2 Radiator leakage *
Radiator
3 *
Water level
4 DG Temperature *
Cooling fan & cooling
5 *
system
6 Air filter cleaning *
DG exhaust system and
6 *
thermo pore insulation
Battery
7 charger(Electrical & *
Mechanical)
8 Battery voltage *
Level of distilled water
9 *
in the secondary cells
Battery terminals
10 *
& insulation
11 Oil level *
12 Oil filter *
13 Oil thickness and color *
14 Oil change *
15 Fuel level *
16 Fuel filter *
17 Fuel solenoid Test Test Test *
18 Fuel pump and nozzles Test Test Test *
Manual or lifting fuel
19 Test Test Test *
pump

20 Emergency stop switch Test Test Test Test

Frequency and speed

21 Test Test Test Test
adjust system
AVR card and field
22 Test Test Test Test
control
Phase to phase and
23 *
neutral to phase voltages

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Alternator and
24 Alternator three pole *
breaker
DG Earth & grounding
25 *
Housing , Engine
26 Fuel tank leakage *
27 Water in fuel tank Test Test *
Built in AMF /LCD/Fuses
28 *
/connecters

29 Control wiring & Alarm

and safeties ,Not joint
always use new wire *

30 Ignition and starter Test Test Test *

31 Remote start and stop *

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5. Genset Maintenance Report (four copies)

1. Site (Attached with Genset)

2. Customer copy
3. Account copy
4. Stores copy

Genset Maintenance Report

Site ID: Site Name: Genset Model:________ Rating :
Team lead
Genset Battery Battery Engine Load Next DG/DG
Oil Fuel Air Name &
Date Running water /charger Oil Balanced service Belt
filter filter filter cell
hours level status litter L1,L2,L3 date Status
Number

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6. Genset Refueling Report (Five copies)

1. For Fuelling team

2. Customer copy
3. Account copy
4. Store copy
5. Vendor copy(Gas station or oil company)

Genset Refueling Report

Site ID: Site Name: Genset Model:________ Rating :
Fuel average per hour :___________ Load:L1:____Amp,L2:________Amp L3:_______Amp
Team
Vendor Customer Store
Genset Fuel in tank Next lead
Refueling Total Name & Name & Name &
Date Running before fuelling Name &
(Liters) Liters cell cell cell
hours fuelling(Liters) date cell
Number Number Number
Number

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7. AMF & ATS Panel

 Main power wire connection before PMT
 Main power wire connection After PMT
 Fuses before Power meter
 SPD
 RCCB for utility socket
 Grounding & earth level ,connection for PMT ,Power meter box, ATS, ACDB
 Ground and Earth bonding on PMT
 Neutral to ground voltages
 All wire connections for input/output terminal blocks , input/output breakers, MCCB, GENSET MCB
,Main MCB ,all Timers and relays, Manual bypass switches and AMF
 Proper setting on AMF
 All main on/off ,phase fail ,under voltage and over voltage .All Genset frequency, L-N voltages,
Remote stop and start and automatic load shifting test
 Manual bypass switches
 Tower Light controller and tower lights
 Tight all screws and every wire on every visit
 UPS & Inverter

8. BTS site and Environmental Alarm System

 Order wire
 Follow up for alarms
 Low fuel
 DG fail
 DG on load
 DG high temp
 Mains fail alarm
 Line fail alarm
 Fire alarms
 Door open alarm
 Humidity and flood
 Smoke alarm

9. Rectifier and BBU

 Maximum .9 ohm resistance and .9v between neutral to ground voltages in ACDB for Rectifier cabinet
 No lose connection on three phase power, neutral and ground in ACDB for rectifier
 No joint in AC power cable for rectifier
 No lose connection on three phase power, neutral and ground terminal block in rectifier cabinet
 Clear all alarms on rectifier module and MCU
 Check DC grounding
 Check all string charging current ,almost equal required
 Check that the Battery voltages in every string are equal during discharging.

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Battery/Rectifier Performance report

Site ID: Site Name : Date:_____________
Rectifiers Model/capacity: Number of Rectifiers:______________
Rectifies floating voltages :_______VDC
Battery Make/capacity: __________/________Number of Battery Strings:__________
Number
1 2 3 4 Physical Status Test by
Name

Rectifier status

Battery string 1 ____V ____V ____V ____V

Battery string 2 ____V ____V ____V ____V
Battery string 3 ____V ____V ____V ____V
Battery string 4 ____V ____V ____V ____V
Battery string 5 ____V ____V ____V ____V
AC voltages LI___ L2____ L3____ L1____ L2____ L3___
/Current Vac Vac Vac Amp Amp Amp

10. Shelters & Fences

Earth and grounding for shelter, fences and tower legs
Lightning rods and Grounding system
Shelter security lights
Grease lubrication on all connections on Grounding bar
Pad lock status
Security of site
Stop growth of shrubs a, other vegetation and Trees in site.
Site cleaning for paper, wrapping cartons, cleaning clothes, used oil etc

11. Earth Pits

The Conventional system of Earthing means digging of a large pit into which a GI pipe or a copper plate is
positioned in the middle layers of charcoal and salt.
It requires pouring of water at regular interval (every visit).

On Hybrid BTS site additional required maintenance

12. Battery backup (cycle) and Generator controller
Now day’s hybrid system is used frequently on BTS sites by operator companies for fuel and refuelling Genset cost
saving and backup batteries utilization .This system has these major parts.
Control unit
For batteries status monitoring and Genset stop &start
Control wiring
Controller power, current sensors, Genset remote start stop control command, NOC alarms and communication
cables

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 Communication
 Communication through GPRS or data modem, SIM activation, modem antenna

13. Standby Genset Insurance

Hybrid control sites are very difficult to maintain and 100% uptime comparatively non hybrid site because if
Genset fail to site to start after BTS back battery utilization than site must down before team arrival on site. A
fully fit Genset is only solution
 Check remote start and stop cable
 Genset battery charger
 Fuel solenoid
 AMF auto mode
 ATS in auto mode
 All breakers for rectifier AC power will be on

14. On Solar power BTS site additional required maintenance

14.1 Different O&M skill sets

A solar PV power plant has several components and each of the sub-system requires different O&M skill sets. A
few of the sub-systems and their O&M requirements are mentioned below.

14.2 PV Modules
The PV module yield from the module is highly dependent on the cleaning of the panels. In the dusty
environments of country the cleaning frequency has to be quite high.
 Cleaning with house water pipes
 No clean or duster allow
 No detergent and other clean chemical is allow

14.3 Inverter and AC load wiring

PV plant is a DC power source so there need to use inverter to drive AC load on BTS site like board (tower) light,
security lights etc. Inverter is a major part of PV plant and it based on pure electronics and expansive
components, so they need protection from:
 Extreme hot
 Humidity
 dusty conditions
There many factors involve to burn or damage an inverter like:
 short circuit in load
 overload
 Reverse polarity on input
So team need to check on every visit:
 Cooling fans
 Cabinet air filter
 Battery connections
 Inverter Input breaker
 Load status
 Load wiring test carefully
 Earthing protection

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Luckily there is no outage chance on BTS site due to inverter failure because BTS load run on DC batteries directly
through rectifier MCU.

14.4 Structures
Bending of the structures can happen due to the improper design, losing, rust, unaddressed wires. This bending
can damage the modules.

14.5 Mounting
Rain is the reason to wash away top soil due to improper drainage system or poor foundation of structure. Caving
of the foundation and the structures caused by improper compaction of the ground has also been observed. A pro-
active O&M team can address this by visual inspection and take preventive action on every visit especially before
rains.

14.6 Growth of shrubs, trees and other vegetation

They will grow very tall and will cause shadowing effect on the panels. Snakes and other poisonous reptiles might
make these shrubs their home and can cause safety hazard to the workers.

15. Communication
For solar power plant working, efficiency, batteries charging, backup, load current, remote start & stop, Genset
running and other parameters NOC always need reliable communication infrastructure known as Remote
monitoring system (RMS) .Now days RMS is the backbone of O&M for early alarms to save the BTS site from
outages. Remote monitoring systems need an internet or GPRS connection and in the absence of a reliable
connection, there could be problems of lack of data logging for long periods of time. This makes it very difficult to
diagnose and rectify problems in a timely manner. It is need to check on every visit.
 GPRS Antennas
 Communication ports
 Dry contacts
 Transducers
 Power supplies and backup batteries

16. Other Challenges

According to our experience and which we learnt and in telecom industry, we have come across some of the
problems which are very severe.

16.1 O&M Budget

Typically, the O&M budgets are very limited for various reasons.

16.2 Skilled manpower

Since the O&M involves people who have the skills in electrical and electronics engineering, it is a challenging task
to get people to move to such remote locations to work.

16.3 Local Labour

In regions, local teams need to be employed for O&M. While this is a noble objective and also is important for the
economic development of local communities, in some cases the locals form unions and demand wages that make
the O&M cost to go very high .Continuously shuffling of team members and deployment of team leads from other
part country is a solution.

16.4 Availability of water on BTS site

For PV panels require cleaning. In case of the Site is located in arid regions with very little availability of water.

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16.5 Theft
Theft of materials (even PV panels) is rampant. This can be prevented by having a good security system and a
good inventory management system.

17. Documentation
Log books for the events, alarms, another maintenance issues and complete detail of site maintenance with every
team can help the O&M personnel to identify, diagnose and trace the problems.

18. Contacts
NAME ROLE NUMBER EMAIL ADRESS

O&M TEAM

Customer TEAM

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