ABOUT

Korea Rail Network Authority is a state owned agency established in January 2004
for construction and management of railways including high speed, conventional and
urban rail infrastructures.

Business Area Annual Budget

 Railway Construction
600 556
High speed railways, conventional railways, intercity railways,
privately invested railways, trans-Korean railway
Fields of communication, civil, trackbed, electric power, signaling 400
and rolling stock.
 Railway Facilities & Standard Management 200
Maintenance and repair of high speed railways and conventional 46
railways, facilities improvement, standardization
0
 Railway Assets Management Estimate [million dollars]
Development of railway station spheres and station complexes,
lease of railway assets, public housing projects Total LTE-R

 Overseas Railway Projects

Project management, design and construction supervision,
technical consultation, privately invested projects
 Different Radio Integrated
Need for Public
Communication Public
Safety Network
System Network

• Sewol Ferry Disaster (2014) • LTE-R (LTE-Railway)

• Daegu Subway Fire (2003) • PS-LTE (Public Safety LTE)

... • LTE-M (LTE-Maritime)

Broad- G
Integrated u Broadcasting G Integrated G
casting Guard Telecommunication a u Telecommunication u
Public r : 3CH a Public
↑ (20 MHz) d ↓ (20 MHz) a
Network↑ r Network ↓ r
(10MHz) Remote MIC
d (10MHz) d
 ▣ VHF (Conventional Line)

Wireless Communication System

Railway Line
VHF TRS-ASTRO TRS-TETRA
Conventional
Entire route ◎
Rail
Gyeongbu Phase1 Seoul~Dongdaegu ◎ □
High-speed Rail Phase2 Dongdaegu~Busan △
Honam High-speed
Osong~Gwangju △
Rail
Seoul Metropolitan
Suseo~Pyeongtaek △
High-speed Rail
※ Gyeongbu line train has an on-board equipment and each train crew carries three different mobile devices.

▣ TRS (High-speed Line)

 A railway wireless communication system for train operation and

maintenance
 Supports railway specific wireless services(voice, video, large data)
between trains and stations based on 4G technology LTE
 The first LTE-R for high-speed railway is implemented on
Wonju~Gangneung Line

1G. 2G 3G 4G
VHF TRS N/A LTE-R
Railway Wireless Voice Voice Voice
Communication
System Small DATA(below 200 kbps) Large DATA(below 75Mbps)
Video
Proposal of LTE-R Project on Wonju~Gangneung Line based on IRIS(MOLIT) & frequency reallocation(MSIT) plans

*MOLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport / KRNA: Korea Rail Network Authority / MSIT: Ministry of Science and ICT
 EPC
Rel.11
Standard Antenna
applied

Optical Cable

RRU distance: 1Km

Iksan Station GimjeT HoiryongT WoosanT Jeongeup Station NoryeongT

(Test Center)

AM Telecom HOIMYUNG ICT

Mobile
Device On-board
Device
 Based on 3GPP LTE standards, design effective 13 Data transmission delay PASS (28ms) ≤ 600ms
Propriety of LTE-R network with the minimum equipment
1
network architecture ※ Ref. : 3GPP TS23.228 "IP multimedia subsystem(IMS)", 14 Continuous packet loss rate PASS (0s) ≤ 5s
3GPP TS23.401 "GPRS for E-UTRAN Access“

Redundancy of major EPC/DU/RRU coverage redundancy for LTE-R Device mobility, call quality, private/group/emergency
2 15 On-board device requirements
equipment network stability calls, device locating, voice calls, ambience listening , etc.

RRU distance Tunnel: 1km 16 On-board device prototype Prototype manufacture completed
3 Coverage redundancy
(Tunnel, Open area) Open area: 1km
17 On-board device call quality PASS (DAQ 4.0) ≥ DAQ 4.0
4 DU handover PASS (100%) ≥ 99% (※ 2T8R)
Call setup time, call connection success rate, long call
5 RRU handover PASS (100%) ≥ 99% (※ 2T8R) 18 Mobile device requirements drop rate, private/group/emergency calls, device
Field strength PASS location, call quality, video calls , etc.
6 46dBm
(RRU output) (46.62dBm)
19 Mobile device Prototype Prototype manufacture completed
7 Coverage PASS (98.8%) ≥ 98% (≥ RSRP –110dBm)
20 Mobile device call quality PASS (DAQ 4.0) ≥ DAQ 4.0
Emergency : ≤ 2sec 100% Common standards : 3GPP TS 23.107, TS 23.203, TS 23.207
PASS (100%) Group : ≤ 2.5sec 100% 21 QoS control requirements Gx interface standard : 3GPP TS 29.210
8 Call setup time PASS (100%) Others1) : ≤ 5sec 100% Rx interface standard : 3GPP TS 29.214
※ Others : Voice/Video calls except
PASS (100%)
emergency/group calls, external PSTN
Prototype manufacture completed
is not considered 22 QoS control prototype
(※ LTE-R : PCRF and eNB supports QoS control)
Handover success PASS (100%) Open area: ≥ 99%
9
rate PASS (100%) Tunnel: ≥ 99%
23 LTE-R Network attach time PASS (414ms) ≤ 500ms
Call connection
10 PASS (100%) ≥ 99% ※ Criteria Source
success rate - No.4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 : TTAK.KO-06.0369 “Functional requirements for LTE based railway communication”,
TTAK.KO-06.0370 “User requirements for LTE based railway communication”
11 Long call drop rate PASS (none) ≤ 0.01 times/hour - No.6 : 3GPP TS36.101 “E-UTRA; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception”
- No.7 : 3GPP TS36.304 "E-UTRA; User Equipment procedures in idle mode“
Data transmission - No.13, 14, 20, 23 : LTE-R national R&D project, Stage 1
12 PASS (100%) ≥ 99% ”Final report on standardization and performance test of radio-based train control system“
success rate - No.17 : Honam high-speed rail railway wireless system standard DAQ 4.0
 Frequency Interference between LTE-R, PS-LTE and LTE-M

• Frequency Interference between Integrated Public Networks using 700 MHz bandwidth.

SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for interference optimization Ministry of Land,

Infrastructure
and Transport
• Related institutes (MOLIT, MOIS, MOF) established SOP

• Applying RAN Sharing between Integrated Public Networks

• Setting up resource allocation rules and standard interworking procedure

Ministry of Ministry of Oceans

the Interior and Safety and Fisheries
 Equipment Class
Communication mode
– mobile station direction
Communication mode
Common Condition – base station direction
Occupied bandwidth
Radio wave type
Antenna power
Frequency tolerance
Base Station Transmitting Unwanted emission mean power of resolution bandwidth depends on frequency difference
Adjacent channel leakage power
Spurious emission
Base Station Receiving
Adjacent channel selectivity
Antenna power
Frequency tolerance
Mobile Station
Transmitting Unwanted emission mean power of resolution bandwidth depends on frequency difference
Adjacent channel leakage power
Spurious emission
Mobile Station Receiving
Adjacent channel selectivity
Condition
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
≤ 10 ㎒
one out of G7D, D7D, D7W, G7W, W7W
(※ LTE-R : G7W, D7W)
below 80W
± (designated frequency×5×10-8+12㎐)
≤ 44.2 dB than the average power of the fundamental frequency
≤ -57 dBm
≥ 76 dB from 698 ㎒ to 710 ㎒
≤ 2W (≤ 200mW for mobile device)
±(designated frequencyX10–7+15㎐)
≤ 29.2dB than the average power of the fundamental frequency
≤ -57 dBm
≥ 53 dB from 753 ㎒ to 771 ㎒
 Allocation of Telecommunication Network Identification Number

• PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) ID

= Mobile Country Code + Mobile Network Code
31 LTE-R (Subway)

LTE-R (Railway) : 4 5 0 3 3 33 LTE-R (Railway)

Allocation of Identification Number & Dialing Code

• Phone number
= Network ID No. + Dialing Code + Subscriber No.

700 ~ 799 Railway 1 Million

LTE-R
800 ~ 899 Subway
‘16 ‘17 ‘18
Demonstration
 MME,
SAE-GW,
PCRF,
HSS
CSCF, Samsung
AS, Electronics COVADA
MCPTT

MGCF
Samsung
Electronics
MGW IPAGEON

MRF NOKIA
* DU : Digital Unit / RRU : Remote Radio Unit

ELUON Samsung
IBCF, Electronics AMTelecom
TrGW

HOIMYUNGICT
 LTE-R
Total NMS
RoIP GW RoIP GW
 Mobile device coverage (≥ RSRP -110dBm 98%) On-board device coverage (≥ RSRP -95dBm 95%)

「Final Report on Radio-based Train Control System Standardization and Performance Test (2014, KAIA)」
*KAIA: Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement

+90 +90
+90

-10 -10
-10

-20 -20
-20

180 0 180 0
180 0

-90 -90
-90
  Node dualization switch condition : Redundancy failure of core equipment

Control Center 2 Sub-control Center  Switch procedure by Fault Level

EPC, IMS, MCPTT, EPC, IMS, MCPTT,
Command server Command server
Equipment Switch Procedure
Fault Level Service Impact
redundancy simplification (Redundancy Failure) (Node Dualization)
MME, HSS, MCPTT,
1 3 Critical VoLTE, MCPTT available Immediate switch
CSCF, SAE-GW
eNB VoLTE, MCPTT available
Idle hour switch
Major AS, MRF, PCRF Supplementary service not available (Call
(after service decision)
UE forwarding, etc.)
IBCF/TrGW, MGCF, VoLTE, MCPTT available No switching
1 In service–Traffic processed at Control Center Minor
MGW PS-LTE & internal calls not uvailable (Equipment recovery)
2 Switch to sub-control center in case of
 Switch Plan : When critical fault occurs, follow switch procedure after monitoring LTE-R NMS
control center failure
3 Traffic processed at Sub-control Center  Control center-Sub-control Center runs in Active-Standby mode(Hot Site), control center is operating in
service

Switch Test Switch Test Equipment Redundancy Switch Test Result

Equipment Redundancy Note Equipment Redundancy Note
Result Result
CSCF/BGCF DU #1
MME Integration
Same as EPC
Server/Port/Po AS server  Active-Standby DU1:1
S-GW Shelf #1 Autoswitch
wer/SW MRF DU Redundancy
Auto switch Integration Auto switch DU (Samsung:30secs
EPC P-GW Redundancy IMS Redundancy Active-Standby DUare
(in seconds) server MGCF Server (in seconds) Single DU #2 
/Nokia:7~13mins)
(Active/ managedas one eNB
HSS Redundancy server
Standby) IBCF/TrGW
Shelf #2
PCRF MGW
• LTE-R for Wonju-Gangneung High-Speed Railway (Max. speed : 250km/h)
→ Assurance of 98% service coverage, Average data throughput DL 40Mbps, UL 20Mbps
• Supports wireless services for IoT, unmanned technology, etc. (following 3GPP international standards)

Category GSM-R LTE-R

• Global (Europe, China, etc.) • Republic of Korea (World’s first LTE-R for high-speed
Range
railway on Wonju~Gangneung line)

Throughput • Max. 172Kbps(DL), 172Kbps(UL) • Avg. DL 40Mbps, UL 20Mbps ※ 10MHz bandwidth

• Voice & Low-rate data • Voice, Video, High-rate data
(ETCS/ERTMS LevelⅡ Voice PTT, Nonstandard) (Video+Voice PTT, MCPTT Standard,
Service MCPTT QCI69/Signaling, 65/Voice, 70/File applied)
• Functional & Location dependent addressing

Openness & Availability Railway Environment Maintenance

• 3GPP satisfied equipment • Redundancy/Dualization for seamless
• DU receives 12 RRUs Max. railway services
• Max. 75Mbps of data throughput • Stable operation in -30°C (DU, RRU)
• Optimal handover at high-
speed(250km/h)
using virtual technologies(2T2R)
• Improved maintenance with LTE-R
NMS
• Supports remote antenna tilting
• Antenna, RRU, UPS: earthquake /salt
attack/vibration/water/dust -proof
certification
 DU1(Standby) Auto-switch DU2(Standby) DU3(Standby)
in case of
DU2 failure
DU1(Active) DU2(Active) DU3(Active)

① RRU alternation for cell ② Takes 66sec from RRU2-1 ③ RRU2-3 is in service after
coverage redundancy to RRU2-3 for train about 30sec of switch time

Seamless Switching
MTTR
operation in case time
250Km/h of DU failure DU
4 hours 30 sec
(Samsung)

Control Center 3 Traffic flow of backhaul architecture 1GbE 1 1G capacity IP MPLS applied
Servers EPC 1GbE
3 1GbE
2 2 Equipment redundancy

● ●●●
DWDM 2 L3(IP MPLS) 1
Backbone
Sub-control Center
L3(IP MPLS)
Servers EPC 3 3 DWDM interface
1GbE
1GbE
 Cell Config. Result RSRP SINR DL (Mbps) UL (Mbps)
2T2R Avg. -71.7 18.2 33.2 10.2
2T4R Avg. -70.1 23.6 42.6 14.4

SINR RSRP UL DL
With 2T4R(copy cell),
25 -68 number of handover reduced
23.6 2T2R 10.2
33.2
20 -70.1 -70
18.2 2T4R 14.4
42.6 Improvement of
15 -71.7 -72
SINR and other qualities
2T2R 2T4R 0 20 40 60

According to characteristics of each site, different cell configuration is applied

 Open Area : 2T2R  Station and Tunnel Area : 2T4R
 • Measurement of coverage for mobile devices with RSRP -110 dBm or more

• Measurement of handover success rate at speed of 250 km/h

• Validation of LTE-R quality such as call success rate, data throughput and data transmission success rate

Major Facilities
Mobile Device Criteria Railroad Station
(Control station, Depot)
Coverage 99.717% -110dBm, over 98% Call success ra
99.10% 99.63% 99.51%
te

Avg. Data Major Facilities Transmission Major Facilities

Railroad Station Railroad Station
Throughput (Control station, Depot) success rate (Control station, Depot)
DL (Mbps) 35.950 53.154 61.125 DL 99.27% 99.98% 100.0%
UL (Mbps) 15.304 19.755 20.419 UL 99.15% 99.96% 100.0%

Handover
Mobile Device Criteria
success rate
DU 99.880%
Over 98%
RRU 99.895%
• Traffic capacity of LTE-R on Wonju ~ Gangneung : Average UL 20Mbps, DL 40Mbps
(VoLTE Voice 45Kbps, Video 1Mbps / MCPTT Voice 60Kbps, Video 1Mbps)
Data Path Traffic capacity (avg.) Capacity used (Estimate※) Free capacity
UL 20Mbps 10.6Mbps 47%
DL 40Mbps 4.8Mbps 88%

※ Final report on standard system implementation and performance test of radio-based train control system (2014, KAIA)

『Research on Linking Plan for Industry 4.0 Using LTE-R』 (2017.8 ~ 2018.7)

eMBMS (evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) based application services

Korean Radio-based Train Control System

~2020

Replacement of entire signal system with KRTCS_2 (~2029)

• Based on validation result on Wonju~Gangneung line
• Example application on Jeolla High-speed Railway (2018~)
• New and upgrading lines first
The world’s first LTE-R
opens a new chapter
of railway wireless communication!

Thank you