6-5 6-5

Trapezoids and Kites

1. Plan
Objectives
1 To verify and use properties of
What You’ll Learn Check Skills You’ll Need
2. 3; 4.8, 16.4, 18, 18
GO for Help Lesson 6-1

trapezoids and kites • To verify and use properties 2

x Algebra Find the values of the variables. Then find the lengths of the sides.
of trapezoids and kites
Examples 1. 4.5 a - 1.4 2. 4.8 3. 7m - 14
3m
. . . And Why
1 Finding Angle Measures
To find angle measures of
in Trapezoids
trapezoidal windows, as in
4y + 6 7y - 3
2 Real-World Connection Example 2 b - 2.3 2a - 7
3 Finding Angle Measures n n+6
a ≠ 5.6, b ≠ 6.8;
in Kites 4.5, 4.2, 4.5, 4.2
5y + 1.4 m ≠ 5, n ≠ 15;
15, 15, 21, 21
New Vocabulary • base angles of a trapezoid
Math Background
A kite can be described as the
union of two isosceles triangles
without their common base or the
1 Properties of Trapezoids and Kites
figure formed by the radii from
the centers of two intersecting The parallel sides of a trapezoid are its bases.
circles to the points of intersection. The nonparallel sides are its legs. Two angles Base angles
Many construction methods that share a base of a trapezoid are base angles Leg Leg
depend on this relationship to of the trapezoid.
circles and on the perpendicularity Base angles
The following theorem is about each pair of base
of the diagonals of a kite.
angles. You will be asked to prove it in Exercise 38.
More Math Background: p. 304D
Key Concepts Theorem 6-15

Lesson Planning and The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
Resources
See p. 304E for a list of the
resources that support this lesson. The bases of a trapezoid are parallel. Therefore the two angles that share a leg are
supplementary. This fact and Theorem 6-15 allow you to solve problems involving
PowerPoint
the angles of a trapezoid.

Bell Ringer Practice

Check Skills You’ll Need
For intervention, direct students to:
Using Properties of
Special Quadrilaterals
Lesson 6-1: Example 3
Extra Skills, Word Problems, Proof
Practice, Ch. 6
1 EXAMPLE
Real-World Connection
In the isosceles trapezoids at
the top of this electric tea
kettle, each pair of base
angles are congruent.
Finding Angle Measures in Trapezoids
ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid and m&B = 102. B C
Find m&A, m&C, and m&D. 102⬚
Two angles that share a
m&A + m&B = 180
leg are supplementary.
D
A
m&A + 102 = 180 Substitute.
m&A = 78 Subtract 102 from each side.
By Theorem 6-15, m&C = m&B = 102 and m&D = m&A = 78.

336 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals

Special Needs L1 Below Level L2

Point out that the diagonals of a kite and a rhombus
are both perpendicular. Therefore, knowing a
quadrilateral has perpendicular diagonals is not
sufficient to conclude it is a kite, because it could be
a rhombus.
336 learning style: tactile
Help students associate Theorem 6-15 with the
Isosceles Triangle Theorem by extending the
nonparallel sides of an isosceles trapezoid to form
an isosceles triangle.
learning style: visual
 Quick Check 1 In the isosceles trapezoid, m&S = 70. P Q 2. Teach
Find m&P, m&Q, and m&R.
110, 110, 70
70⬚
S R Guided Instruction

2 EXAMPLE Real-World Connection 1 EXAMPLE Error Prevention

You are looking up at
Harbour Centre Tower in
Vancouver, Canada.
Quick Check
Some students may think the base
Architecture The second ring of the ceiling shown at the left is made from
angles of an isosceles trapezoid
congruent isosceles trapezoids that create the illusion of circles. What are the
have vertices only on the “bottom”
measures of the base angles of these trapezoids?
side. This misconception stems from
Each trapezoid is part of an isosceles triangle whose base angles are the acute base the common use of the word base
angles of the trapezoid. The isosceles triangle has a vertex angle that is half as large to mean “the side of a figure on
as one of the 20 angles at the center of the ceiling. which it rests.” Point out that each
isosceles trapezoid has two bases,
which may lie in any orientation,
and two pairs of base angles.
1
2 EXAMPLE Careers
Architects design modern office
The measure of each angle at the center of the ceiling is 360
20 or 18.
buildings using not only
trapezoids and squares but also
The measure of &1 is 18
2 , or 9. triangles, circles, and ellipses.
The measure of each acute base angle is 18022 9, or 85.5.
Connection to Engineering
The measure of each obtuse base angle is 180 - 85.5, or 94.5.
Have students find how a
2 A glass ceiling like the one above has 18 angles meeting at the center instead of 20. keystone is used and how its
What are the measures of the base angles of the trapezoids in its second ring? 85, 95 shape relates to this lesson.

Visual Learners
Like the diagonals of parallelograms, the diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid have a When proving that the diagonals
special property. of an isosceles trapezoid are
congruent, have students
separately draw and label the
Key Concepts Theorem 6-16
overlapping triangles ABC and
The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent. DCB to help them see how the
parts correspond and why the
triangles are congruent.

Proof Proof of Theorem 6-16 PowerPoint

Given: Isosceles trapezoid ABCD with AB > DC A D Additional Examples

Prove: AC > DB
1 XYZW is an isosceles trapezoid,
It is given that AB > DC. Because the base B C and m&X = 156. Find m&Y, m&Z,
angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent, and m&W.
&ABC > &DCB. By the Reflexive Property of Congruence, BC > BC. Then, X Y
by the SAS Postulate, #ABC > #DCB. Therefore, AC > DB by CPCTC. 156°
W Z
mlY ≠ 156,
Another special quadrilateral that is not a parallelogram is a kite. The diagonals of mlZ ≠ mlW ≠ 24
a kite, like the diagonals of a rhombus, are perpendicular. A proof of this for a kite
(next page) is quite like its proof for a rhombus (at the top of page 330). 2 Half of a spider’s web is
shown below, formed by layers
Lesson 6-5 Trapezoids and Kites 337 of congruent isosceles trapezoids.
Find the measures of the angles
in ABDC.
A
Advanced Learners L4 English Language Learners ELL B
After students read the proof of Theorem 6-16, have Draw several trapezoids in different orientations and
C
them write a paragraph explaining whether the have students identify the bases, legs and base angles. D
diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid bisect each other. Emphasize that the parallel sides are called bases and
are independent of their orientation.

learning style: verbal learning style: verbal mlA ≠ mlB ≠ 75, 337
mlC ≠ mlD ≠ 105
Math Tip
After students read the proof Key Concepts Theorem 6-17
of Theorem 6-17, ask: Are both
diagonals bisected? No; the figure The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular.
then would be a parallelogram.

3 EXAMPLE Teaching Tip

Proof Proof of Theorem 6-17 T
Discuss as a class how to prove
Given: Kite RSTW with TS > TWand RS > RW

DBA

DBC using SSS.
Prove: TR ' SW
S W
PowerPoint Both T and R are equidistant from S and W. By the Converse Z
of the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem, T and R lie on the
Additional Examples perpendicular bisector of SW. Since there is exactly one line
3 Find m&1, m&2, and m&3 through any two points (Postulate 1-1), TR must be the
perpendicular bisector of SW. Therefore, TR ' SW. R
in the kite.
S
1
You can use Theorem 6-17 to find angle measures in kites.
D
R T
3 2
72° 3 EXAMPLE Finding Angle Measures in Kites
B
U
ml1 ≠ 72, ml2 ≠ 90, Find m&1, m&2, and m&3 in the kite. 32⬚
3
ml3 ≠ 18 m&1 = 90 Diagonals of a kite are perpendicular.
90 + m&2 + 32 = 180 Triangle Angle-Sum Theorem 1 2
A C
Resources
122 + m&2 = 180 Simplify.
• Daily Notetaking Guide 6-5 L3
• Daily Notetaking Guide 6-5— m&2 = 58 Subtract 122 from each side.
Adapted Instruction L1 #ABD > #CBD by SSS.
D
By CPCTC, m&3 = m&DBC = 32.

Closure Quick Check 3 Find m&1, m&2, and m&3 in the kite.
90, 46, 44
Draw and label an isosceles 46⬚ 1
2
trapezoid, a (convex) kite, and
their diagonals. Then write 3
congruence statements for all
pairs of triangles that you can
prove congruent. Students EXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill, Word Problem, and Proof Practice.
should find three pairs of
congruent triangles for each Practice and Problem Solving
figure.
A Practice by Example Each trapezoid is isosceles. Find the measure of each angle.
Example 1 1. 2. 3.
3 2 1 69, 69, 2 3
(page 336) 111⬚ 111
GO for
Help
77⬚ 1 3
2
1 49⬚
77, 103, 103 49, 131, 131
4. Z 5. Q R 6. B C
Y 105,
75, 75
65⬚ 60⬚
P S A D
105⬚
X 115, 115, 65 120, 120, 60
W

338 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals

17. Answers may vary. Sample:

338
 Example 2
(page 337)
7. Design Each patio umbrella is made
of eight panels that are congruent 3. Practice
isosceles triangles with parallel
stripes. A sample panel is shown Assignment Guide
at the right. The vertex angle
of the panel measures 42. 1 A B 1-39
7a. isosc. trapezoids a. Classify the quadrilaterals
C Challenge 40-44
shown as blue stripes on
the panel.
Test Prep 45-50
b. Find the measures of
Mixed Review 51-56
the quadrilaterals’
interior angles.
69, 69, 111, 111 Homework Quick Check
To check students’ understanding
Example 3 Find the measures of the numbered angles in each kite.
108, 108 of key skills and concepts, go over
(page 338)
8. 22⬚ 9. 45⬚ 10. 1 Exercises 6, 14, 29, 37, 38.
1 90, 68 3 90, 45,
54⬚ 90⬚
2 1 2 45 Diversity
2
Exercise 7 The word umbrella
11. 12. 90, 40, 13. comes from a Latin word mean-
2
1 2 90 ing “shaded area or shadow,”
64⬚
13. 90, 55, 90, 55, 35 3 50⬚ 1 3 35⬚ 1 suggesting protection against the
5 3 rain or sun. Ask whether students
14. 90, 52, 38, 37, 53
know the word for umbrella in
15. 90, 90, 90, 90, 46, 34, 2 4 other languages. For example,
90, 26, 90
56, 44, 56, 44 the Spanish word paraguas
16. 112, 112 14. 15. 16. literally means “for water,”
2 4 9 10 2 and a sombrilla is a parasol.
38⬚ 1 53⬚ 34⬚ 1 2 46⬚ 1
3 5 6 34 5 Exercise 10 Discuss ways to prove
468 m&1 = m&2.
7 8
Exercise 38 Have students work
B Apply Your Skills 17. Open-Ended Sketch two kites that are not congruent, but with the diagonals of together to write this proof.
one congruent to the diagonals of the other. See margin. Even with the Plan, the proof
is complex and worthy of class
18. The perimeter of a kite is 66 cm. The length of one of its sides is 3 cm less than discussion.
twice the length of another. Find the length of each side of the kite.
12, 12, 21, 21
19. Critical Thinking If KLMN is an isosceles trapezoid, is it possible for KM to
bisect &LMN and &LKN? Explain. See margin.

x 2 Algebra Find the value of the variable in each isosceles trapezoid.

20. T W 21. M N 22. B C GPS Guided Problem Solving L3
12 15 15 60⬚ (3x + 15)⬚ Enrichment L4
45⬚ 3x⬚ Reteaching L2
60⬚ 5x⬚ L O
S R Adapted Practice L1
A D Practice Name Class Date L3
23. T U 24. R S 25. Q R Practice 6-5 Trapezoids and Kites

GO nline 3 4 1
Find the measures of the numbered angles in each isosceles trapezoid.

1. 2 2.
99
3. 2

Homework Help
121
62 1

U T 1 1
2

Visit: PHSchool.com SU = x + 1
4.
2
5. 2 6. 2

V P S
S
1 67

Web Code: aue-0605

TR = 2x - 3 QS = x + 5
96 1 1
79

TV = 2x - 1
G O 3 CS 060

RP = 3x + 3
Algebra Find the value(s) of the variable(s) in each isosceles trapezoid.

US = x + 2
7. 3x  3 8. (6x  20) 9. L M

y
7x 2y  5
x1 (4x)

x5 O N

Find the measures of the numbered angles in each kite.

Lesson 6-5 Trapezoids and Kites 339 10.

1
101
2
11. 12.
44
1
80
2 2
1 65
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

48

19. Explanations may vary. CPCTC, opp. &L O &N. or a square. This 13.
1

3
2
27
14.

1
59

2
15.

1
51

Sample: If both ' are &L and &N are opp., but contradicts what is gien, 87 2

bisected, then this KLMN is isos., both so KM cannot bisect

Algebra Find the value(s) of the variable(s) in each kite.

16. 17. (5x  1) 18. (y  9) (4x  13)

combined with KM O pairs of base &’s are &LMN and &LKN. (10x  6)
(2x)°

(3x)
(8x)

(5x  15)
y

KM by the Reflexive also O. By the Trans.

Prop. means kKLM O Prop., all 4 angles are O,
kKNM by SAS. By so KLMN must be a rect. 339
4. Assess & Reteach x 2 Algebra Find the value(s) of the variable(s) in each kite.
26. 27. (3x ⫹ 5)⬚ 28.
PowerPoint

y⬚ y⬚ 6x⬚
Lesson Quiz (2y ⫺ 20)⬚
(x ⫹ 6)⬚
28 (4x ⫺ 30)⬚ 3x⬚
Use isosceles trapezoid ABCD for 2x⬚ 2
(2x ⫺ 4)⬚
Exercises 1 and 2. x ≠ 35, y ≠ 30 x ≠ 18, y ≠ 108
A B
Bridge Design A quadrilateral is formed by the beams of the bridge at the left.
Isosc. trapezoid; all the
D C 29. Classify the quadrilateral. Explain your reasoning. large rt. > appear to be O.

1. If m&A = 45, find
m&B, m&C, and m&D. mlB
≠ 45,
mlC ≠ mlD ≠ 135
2. If AC = 3x - 16 and
BD = 10x - 86, find x. 10
Use kite GHIJ for Exercises 3–6.
H 34–36. See margin.
4
50°
G I
3 1
9°
2 33. Yes; if 2 O ' are rt. ',
J suppl.
3. Find m&1. 90
4. Find m&2. 9
5. Find m&3. 81
6. Find m&4. 40
Alternative Assessment
Have students work in pairs to
write answers to the following
questions:
• How are a kite and a rhombus
similar? How are they
different?
• How are an isosceles trapezoid
and a rectangle similar? How
are they different?
34. No; if two consecutive '
are suppl., then another
pair must be also
because one pair of opp.
' is O. Therefore, the
opp. ' would be O,
which means the figure
would be a ~ and not a
kite.
340
112⬚
Exercises 29–30
31. Yes, the O ' can be
obtuse.
32. Yes, the O ' can be
obtuse, as well as
one other l.
they are suppl. The
other 2 ' are also
4
43. D is any point on BN
such that ND u BN and
D is below N.
Proof
C Challenge
41. It is one half the sum
of the lengths of the
bases; draw a diag.
of the trap. to form
2 >. The bases B
and b of the trap. are
each a base of a n.
Then the segment
joining the midpts.
of the non-n sides is
the sum of the
midsegments of the
>. This sum is
1 1 1 Proof
2 B ± 2 b ≠ 2 (B ± b).
340 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals
35. Yes; the O ' must be
45° or 135° each.
36. No; if two consecutive '
were compl., then the
kite would be concave.
37. Rhombuses and squares
would be kites since opp.
sides can be O also.
30. Find the measures of the other interior angles of the quadrilateral.
112, 68, 68
Critical Thinking Can two angles of a kite be as follows? Explain.
31–33. See below left.
31. opposite and acute 32. consecutive and obtuse
33. opposite and supplementary 34. consecutive and supplementary
35. opposite and complementary 36. consecutive and complementary
37. Writing A kite is sometimes defined as a quadrilateral with two pairs of
consecutive sides congruent. Compare this to the definition you learned in
Lesson 6-1. Are parallelograms, trapezoids, rhombuses, rectangles, or squares
special kinds of kites according to the changed definition? Explain. See margin.
38. Developing Proof The plan suggests a proof of Theorem 6-15. Write a proof
GPS that follows the plan. See back of book.
Given: Isosceles trapezoid ABCD with AB > DC A D
Prove: &B > &C and &BAD > &D 1
B C
E
Plan: Begin by drawing AE 6 DC to form
parallelogram AECD so that AE > DC > AB.
&B > &C because &B > &1 and &1 > &C. Also, &BAD > &D
because they are supplements of the congruent angles, &B and &C.
Write a proof. Use the given figure with additional lines as needed.
39. Given: Isosceles trapezoid TRAP with TR > PA
Prove: &RTA > &APR See margin. T P
40. Given: Isosceles trapezoid TRAP with TR > PA;
BI is the perpendicular bisector of RA intersecting
RA at B and TP at I. See margin.
R A
Prove: BI is the perpendicular bisector of TP.
For a trapezoid, consider the segment joining the midpoints of the two given
segments. How are its length and the lengths of the two parallel sides of the
trapezoid related? Justify your answer.
41. the two nonparallel sides 42. the diagonals
See left. B
* ) See margin.
43. BN is the perpendicular bisector of AC at N.
Describe the set of points, D, for which ABCD is a kite.
See above left. A N C
44. Prove that the angles formed by the noncongruent sides
of a kite are congruent. (Hint: Draw a diagonal of the kite.)
See back of book.
39. Answers may vary. 3. TR O PA (Given)
Sample: Draw TA and RP.
4. RA O RA (Refl. Prop.
1. isosc. trapezoid TRAP of O)
(Given)
5. kTRA O kPAR (SSS)
2. TA O PR (Diagonals
6. lRTA O lAPR
of an isosc. trap. are O.) (CPCTC)
 Test Prep
Test Prep
Resources
Multiple Choice 45. Which statement is true for every trapezoid? B For additional practice with a
A. Exactly two sides are congruent. B. Exactly two sides are parallel. variety of test item formats:
C. Opposite angles are supplementary. D. The diagonals bisect each other. • Standardized Test Prep, p. 361
46. Which statement is true for every kite? J • Test-Taking Strategies, p. 356
F. Opposite sides are congruent. G. At least two sides are parallel. • Test-Taking Strategies with
H. Opposite angles are supplementary. J. The diagonals are perpendicular. Transparencies

47. Two consecutive angles of a trapezoid are right angles. Three of the
following statements about the trapezoid could be true. Which statement
CANNOT be true? A
A. The two right angles are base angles.
B. The diagonals are not congruent.
C. Two of the sides are congruent.
D. No two sides are congruent.
48. Quadrilateral EFGH is a kite. What is the G
value of x? H
F. 15 75⬚
F H
G. 70
x⬚ 20⬚
H. 85
E
J. 160
Short Response 49. In the trapezoid at the right, BE 5 2x 2 8,
A D
DE 5 x 2 4, and AC 5 x 1 2.
49. [2] a. (2x – 8) ± (x – 4) a. Write and solve an equation for x. E
B C 42. It is one half the
≠ x ± 2 OR b. Find the length of each diagonal.
equivalent difference of the lengths
equation; x ≠ 7 50. Diagonal RB of kite RHBW forms an equilateral triangle with two of the of the bases; from
sides. m&BWR = 40. Draw and label a diagram showing the diagonal and
b. 9, 9 Ex. 41, the length of the
the measures of all the angles. Which angles of the kite are largest?
segment joining the
[1] one computational See margin.
error midpts. of the non- n
sides is 12(B ± b). By the
Side-Splitter Thm., the
Mixed Review middle part of this
segment joins the
Lesson 6-4 Find the indicated angle measures for the rhombus. 126⬚ 3 midpts. of the diags.
GO for
Help 51. m&1 126 52. m&2 27 53. m&3 27 Each outer segment
1
measures 21 b. So the
2
length of the segment
Lesson 5-2 x 2 Algebra Find the values indicated. connecting the midpts.
F A of the diags. is
54. a. a 55. a. x 1
b. FG 2a - 3 b. CD D B 2 (B – b).
c. GH E G c. BC 50. [2]
a+1 2x + 24 7x + 9
a. 4 a. 3 R
b. 5 H b. 30 C
c. 5 c. 30 60° 70°
Lesson 4-2 56. State the postulate that justifies the B C D H 60° 40° W
statement #ABC > #DEF. SAS
60° 70°

A F E B
lHRW and lHBW
[1] incorrect diagram
lesson quiz, PHSchool.com, Web Code: aua-0605 Lesson 6-5 Trapezoids and Kites 341 OR no work shown

40. Draw BI as described, 4. kTRB O kPAB (SAS) 9. kTBI O kPBI (SAS)

then draw BT and BP. 5. BT O BP (CPCTC) 10. lBIT O lBIP (CPCTC)
6. lRBT O lABP 11. lBIT and lBIP are
1. TR O PA (Given) (CPCTC) rt. '. (O supp. ' are
2. lR O lA (Base ' of 7. lTBI O kPBI (Compl. rt. '.)
isosc. trap. are O.) of O ' are O.) 12. TI O PI (CPCTC)
3. RB O AB (Def. of 8. BI O BI (Refl. Prop. 13. BI is # bis. of TP.
bisector) 341
of O) (Def. of # bis.)