Normal flora is mixture of microorganisms regularly found at any anatomical site on /within the

body of a healthy person

There are two groups of normal flora:
1. The resident flora consists of relatively fixed types of microorganisms regularly
found in a given area at a given age, maintaining health and normal
function with interference mechanism(competition of receptor or binding site of
host cell, competition for nutrient, mutual inhibition by metabolic or toxic
product, antibiotic or other mechanism)
2. The transient flora consists of nonpathogenic or potentially pathogenic
microorganisms that inhabit the skin or mucous membranes for hours, days, or
weeks;
The varied environment of the skin results in locally dense or sparse populations, with Gram-
positive organisms (e.g., staphylococci, diphtheroids) usually predominating.

Staphylococcus
There are two common staphylococcus that lives on skin, Staphylococcus aureus and
Staphylococcus epidermis.
S. epidermidis is a major inhabitant of the skin, and in some areas it makes up more than 90
percent of the resident aerobic flora. S. epidermidis is rarely pathogenic
S. aureus is a leading human opportunistic pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus clinical disease
ranges from minor and self-limited skin infections to invasive and life-threatening diseases.S.
aureus can be distinguished from S. epidermidis by its ability to ferment mannitol

Diphtheroids (Coryneforms)

Coryneforms are Gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped  facultative anaerobic actinobacteria.

These common members of the skin flora are divided into two species: C. diphtheriae and
nondiphtheriae corynebacteria (diphtheroids).

Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae is divided into toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains.

Toxinogenic C. diphtheriae produce the highly lethal diphtheria toxin, which can induce fatal
global toxaemia. Nontoxinogenic (nontoxin-producing) C. diphtheriae are capable of producing
septicaemia, septic arthritis, endocarditis and osteomyelitis.

The nondiphtheriae corynebacteria, diphtheroids, are a diverse group, containing 17 different

species, of which not all are present on human skin. Several species commonly colonize cattle,
while others, such as C. jeikeium (formerly known as CDC group JK), are normal inhabitants of
our epithelium.

Streptococci
Streptococci, especially β-hemolytic streptococci, are rarely seen on normal skin. The paucity of
β-hemolytic streptococci on the skin is attributed at least in part to the presence of lipids on the
skin, as these lipids are lethal to streptococci.
The β-haemolytic streptococci example is Streptococcus pyogenes , which know for causing
superficial infections as well as invasive diseases
Other groups of streptococci, such as α-hemolytic streptococci, exist primarily in the mouth,
from where they may, in rare instances, spread to the skin.

Propionibacterium acnes
P. acnes is an aerotolerant anaerobic, Gram-positive bacillus that produces propionic acid, as a
metabolic byproduct. This bacterium resides in the sebaceous glands, derives energy from the
fatty acids of the sebum. Commonly touted as the cause of acne vulgaris, 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly found in nonsterile areas on healthy individuals and,
much like S. epidermidis, is considered a normal constituent of a human’s natural microflora
This Gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic bacterium is well known for its ability to produce
fluorescent molecules, including pyocyanin (blue-green)
Due to the general harmlessness of the bacteria, infections occur primarily in compromised
patients and in conjunction with hospital stays. Explicitly, immune-compromised individuals
with AIDS

Nail Flora
The microbiology of a normal nail is generally similar to that of the skin. Dust particles and other
extraneous materials may get trapped under the nail, depending on what the nail contacts. In
addition to resident skin flora, these dust particles may carry fungi and
bacilli. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Mucor are the major types of fungi found
under the nails.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746716/
http://www.nios.ac.in/media/documents/dmlt/Microbiology/Lesson-07.pdf