BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City

Reflective Essay

Metaphor in Discourse

Metaphor’ is the phenomenon whereby we talk and potentially, think about

something in terms of something else. Metaphor as a semantic device is

inspected in terms of its psychological and philosophical implications. It is

shown to be an artificial language, often misleading, and psychologically

unsound. Sperber and Wilson (1995) argue that human language cannot

be understood as purely code like in which every word has precise and

well-specified meaning. Gentner and Bowdle (2001) argue that metaphor

can be seen as species of analogy in that metaphors establish links

between conceptual systems in the target and base domain in which

relational correspondences are emphasized over correspondence between

isolated object attributes. Those concepts present that metaphor is based

on context-relevant attributes and associations of emotion is necessary.

Having the knowledge and knowing when and how to use metaphor

appropriately will give individuals a deeper understanding of the language.

In addition, metaphors will definitely enhance writing in many ways, which

is why so many writers use them. Metaphors give readers a picture in their

minds of what is being discussed or being read since this enhance and

develop the ideas that you want to convey.

In this case, having the knowledge about metaphor, I can totally say

that everyone should be widely use not only academically but also
15

everyday live so that everyone will be exposed and will have deeper
Page

understanding of the language.

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City

References:

Gentner, D. and Bowdle, B. 2001. Convention, form, and figurative

language processing. Metaphor and Symbol, 16(3-4): 223–247.  

[Taylor & Francis Online]

L. David Ritchie (2006) Context and connection in Metaphor: Portland

State University

Retrived from https://books.google.com.ph

Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and

cognition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.  Retrieved from

[Google Scholar]

16
Page
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City

Reflective Essay

Word Coordination

The term coordination refers to syntactic constructions in which two

or more units of the same type are combined into a larger unit and still

have the same semantic relations with other surrounding elements. The

units may be words verb phrases, noun phrases, subordinate clauses or

full sentences All languages appear to possess coordination constructions

of some kind, but there is a lot of cross-linguistic variation. Two principles

to keep in mind:

a. By combining words and groups of words, you avoid repetition that

steals energy from what you write; and

b. By combining whole sentences, you reveal the relationships

between the thoughts.

In English grammar, coordination is the joining of words, phrases or

clauses of the same type to give them equal emphasis and importance.

Having the knowledge about word coordination, I can say that it is a key in

order for use to convey and communicate with others. We can no avoid

faulty or excessive coordination of words. By knowing how to arrange

words in appropriate order will provide the context and the meaning that

you wanted to convey.

17
Page
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City

References:

Haspelmath, M. (2016) Coordination: Retrived from:

9780521581578c01a.xml CUUK171B-Shopen V. 2 December 24, 2006

14:11 1

Scott, J. Assistant Professor. The Principles of Coordination and

Subordination :Pan African Studies Department – California State

University, Northridge: Retrieved from

https://www.csun.edu/~hcpas003/coord.html

Independent and Dependent Clauses☹2016) Coordination and

Subordination: Online Journal: Retrieved from

http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/indep_clause.ht

ml

18
Page
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City

Reflective Essay

Articulation

The term articulation is borrowed from Ramadier (2004). This aspect

of language differs from the first two in that it is a process rather than a

register of speech. According to Ramadier articulation involves

deconstructing one’s own disciplinary knowledge in conjunction with those

of other disciplines in order to understand the building blocks and thereby

reconstruct a common understanding. Sharing and exploring a speech

community involves transparency that promotes understanding. There is

nothing to hide behind if you are sincerely translating your work for others

and simultaneously engaged in actively listening. Good interdisciplinary

work therefore is not possible without mutual trust and respect.

Being aware of the importance of every language in achieving

common understandings will definitely progress the communication of

every individuals. We are not arguing for the development of a common

language for everyone since this would result in the dumbing down of

disciplinary knowledge and expertise. Sharing and exploring a speech

community should be emphasize since it involves transparency. This must

develop interdisciplinary strength and develop new ways of working. This

will also involve careful self-reflection on our uses of language. I believe

19

that we have to build up a much better understanding of this issue in

Page
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Pablo Borbon Main I, Batangas City

language by clarifying, justifying and finding ways to promote common

understanding. Through this process we moved much closer to the crux of

the problem that we wished to explore and gained a deeper insight into

these differences.

References:

Bracken, L.J & Oughton, E.A (2006) What do you mean?’ The importance

of language in developing interdisciplinary research: Department of

Geography, University of Durham,

sRamadier, T (2004). Transdisciplinarity and its challenges: the case of

Urban studies Futures 36 423–39

20
Page