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The Overall Impact of Distributed Generation On Power Quality in GEPCO Region by The Insertion of Shadiwal Hydel Power Station
The Overall Impact of Distributed Generation On Power Quality in GEPCO Region by The Insertion of Shadiwal Hydel Power Station
80
Zh 70
60
50
40
Vh2 Vh1 30
20
10 Frequency
Without Capacitance
agreement with afore calculated respective values of resonant
600
frequencies which substantiate the correctness of simulation
400
process.
Fig. 9 depicts the impact of three different parallel
200 resistances in the same case of parallel resonance in system
response characteristics. As little as ten percent resister
0 loading can have a noteworthy and valuable impact on peak
0 500 1000 1500
Frequency Hz impedance. The most troublesome resonant conditions evolve
1000 when capacitors are installed on substation buses where the
Without Capacitance transformer dominates the system impedance and has a high
800 C=10uF X/R ratio. The relative resistance is low and corresponding
Impedance Ohms
C=20uF
600
parallel resonant impedance peak is very sharp and high. This
is a common cause of capacitor failure, transformer failure or
400 the failure of other load equipment. It is a misunderstanding
200
that resistive load damp harmonics as in the absence of
resonance, load will have little impact on the harmonic
0
0 500 1000 1500
currents and the resulting voltage distortion. Most of the
Frequency Hz current will flow back in the power source. Nevertheless it is
appropriate to say the resistive loads damp the resonance
Fig.5. Frequency response of circuit shown in Fig.3, Case 1 and 2, Table 1 hence considerably reducing the harmonic distortion. Motor
Fig. 6 shows the frequency response of circuit shown in Fig 4. loads are primarily inductive and provide little damping, rather
The graphs correspond to Case 4, Case 5 and Case 6 in the they may cause an increase in the problem by shifting the
data Table 1. Unlike first three cases the transformer used resonant frequency closer to a significant harmonic. However
from 33 kV to 11 kV is a 10 MVA transformer, which some small fractional horsepower motors may help in
indicates a smaller value of inductive reactance. damping because their X/R ratio is lower than large three
Consequently the inductance in the circuit shown in Fig 4 has phase motors.
shifted to the new position determined by the length of the
cable. This is repeated for a 15MVA transformer in three
following cases.
C=10uF
C=20uF
600
400
200
0 Cable
0 500 1000 1500
Frequency Hz
1000
Without Capacitance
800
Impedance Ohms
C=10uF
C=20uF
600
0 T-line Xl
0 500 1000 1500
Frequency Hz
Impedance (ohms)
10000
Per phase
reactance of step 8%
5000
up Transformer
Length of Line 10 Km
Spacing between Horizontal 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
conductors D12=2.4384m Frequency (Hz)
D23=2.4384m
Fig. 10: Frequency Response
D13=4.8768m
Total Line 377 Ohm 1000
Impedance
Reactance
800
Total Line 12 mH
Impedance (ohms)
Inductance 600
Capacitive 200
reactance
0
Total Line 0.1 µF 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Frequency (Hz)
Capacitance
KVAR of 400 KVAR Fig. 11: Zoom View of frequency response
Capacitor Banks
In the above response, system resonates near 3400Hz.
Per phase 0.073 µF
capacitance of IV. CONCLUSIONS
banks Addition of a distributed generation source into a system
Collector cable 500 mm²(1000 MCM) may cause parallel resonance and harmonics in the system
Size
which affects the power system badly. Sources of theses
No. of per phase 3
collector cables distortions in voltage and current levels may be
Collector cable’s 0.1 µF transformer reactance, line reactance, capacitor banks,
capacitance collector cables etc. The number of resonances is likely
equal to the number of physical and equivalent capacitors
Table 3. Data for components in Fig.8
(cables, capacitor banks etc). The effect of capacitive
Case T1 T2 X2 L1 L2 elements on resonance appears to be decoupled. Each
X1
/Plot 11/132 132/11 𝛀 mH mH
𝛀 capacitive element contributes to a resonance. Such is a
kv kV 𝑽𝟐𝑳 𝑽𝟐𝑳
5 6 � � � � 𝑿𝟏 𝑿𝟐 case of Shadiwal Hydel power station. In the context, the
No. MVA MVA 𝑴𝑽𝑨 𝑴𝑽𝑨
/𝟐𝝅𝒇 /𝟐𝝅𝒇 effect of connecting Shadiwal Hydel power station to the
X% X% × 𝟖% × 𝟖%
nearest grid (Gujrat old grid) is surveyed and results for the
level of parallel resonance are analysed.
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V. REFERENCES