Acids and bases

Questions b When the soluble base is dissolved in water,

Core curriculum the solution changes the colour of litmus
1 Rewrite the following, choosing the correct word paper. What colour change will you see?
from each pair in brackets.   c Name the gas given off when the soluble base
Acids are compounds that dissolve in water giving is heated with ammonium chloride. 
hydrogen ions. Sulfuric acid is an example. It can d i Write a word equation for the reaction
be neutralised by (acids / bases) to form salts called between the insoluble base and sulfuric acid.
(nitrates / sulfates). ii What is this type of reaction called?
Many (metals / non-metals) react with acids to give e Name another acidic oxide.
(hydrogen / carbon dioxide). Acids react with 4 The table above is about the preparation of salts.
(chlorides / carbonates) to give (hydrogen / carbon i Copy it and fill in the missing details.
dioxide). ii Write balanced equations for the eight reactions.
Since they contain ions, solutions of acids are 5 The drawings show the preparation of copper(II)
(good / poor) conductors of electricity. They also ethanoate, a salt of ethanoic acid.
affect indicators. Litmus turns (red / blue) in acids
i powdered ii
while phenolphthalein turns (pink / colourless). copper(II) carbonate
The level of acidity of an acid is shown by its
(concentration / pH number). The (higher / lower)
the number, the more acidic the solution.

2 A and B are white powders. A is insoluble in water, dilute

bubbles
ethanoic
but B dissolves. Its solution has a pH of 3. acid
of gas
A mixture of A and B bubbles or effervesces in
iii copper(II) ethanoate iv
water, giving off a gas. A clear solution forms.
solution
a Which of the two powders is an acid?
residue
b The other powder is a carbonate. Which gas
bubbles off in the reaction?
c Although A is insoluble in water, a clear solution unreacted
copper(II)
forms when the mixture of A and B is added to carbonate
filtrate

water. Explain why.

v
3 Oxygen reacts with other elements to form oxides.
Three examples are: calcium oxide, phosphorus
pentoxide, and copper(II) oxide.
a Which of these is: heat

   i an insoluble base?  
a Which gas is given off in stage ii?
ii a soluble base?
b i Write a word equation for the reaction in ii.
   iii an acidic oxide?

Method of Reactants Salt formed Other products

preparation
a  acid 1 alkali
b  acid 1 metal
c  acid 1 alkali
d  acid 1 carbonate
e  acid 1 metal
f  acid 1 ...................
g acid 1 insoluble base
h  acid 1 ..................
calcium hydroxide and nitric acid calcium nitrate water
zinc and hydrochloric acid .................................. .................................
................. and potassium hydroxide potassium sulfate water only
.............................. and ......................... sodium chloride water and ..............
.............................. and ......................... iron(II) sulfate .................................
nitric acid and sodium hydroxide ................................... .................................
.............................. and copper(II) oxide copper(II) sulfate .................................
.............................. and ............................. copper(II) sulfate carbon dioxide and ...............

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Acids and bases

ii How can you tell when it is over? b i Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
c Which reactant above is: ii List the spectator ions for the reaction.
i present in excess? What is your evidence?
8 Washing soda is crystals of hydrated sodium
ii completely used up in the reaction?
carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O.
d Copper(II) carbonate is used in powder form,
The value of x can be found by titration.
rather than as lumps. Suggest a reason.
In the experiment, 2 g of hydrated sodium
e Name the residue in stage iv.
carbonate neutralised 14 cm3 of a standard 1 M
f Write a list of instructions for carrying out this
solution of hydrochloric acid.
preparation in the laboratory.
a What does hydrated mean?
g Suggest another copper compound to use instead
b Write a balanced equation for the reaction that
of copper(II) carbonate, to make the salt.
took place during the titration.
Extended curriculum
c How many moles of HCl were neutralised?
6 Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the chemical name
d How many moles of sodium carbonate,
for Epsom salts. It can be made in the laboratory
Na2CO3, were in 2 g of the hydrated salt?
by neutralising the base magnesium oxide (MgO).
e What mass of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is
a Which acid should be used to make Epsom salts?
this? (Mr : Na 5 23, C 5 12, O 5 16)
b Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
f What mass of the hydrated sodium carbonate
c i The acid is fully dissociated in water.
was water?
Which term describes this type of acid?
g How many moles of water is this?
ii Which ion causes the ‘acidity’ of the acid?
h How many moles of water are there in 1 mole
d i What is a base?
of Na2CO3.xH2O?
ii Write an ionic equation that shows the oxide
i Write the full formula for washing soda.
ion (O2 2) acting as a base.

7 a i From the list on page 160, write down two

starting compounds that could be used to
make the insoluble compound silver chloride.
ii What is this type of reaction called?

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