Acids and Bases

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, a base

a. is a weak electrolyte.
b. increases the OH– concentration in an aqueous solution.
c. is an electron-pair donor.
d. increases the pH of a solution.
e. is a proton acceptor.

2. Which of the following reactions are acid-base reactions according to the Brønsted-Lowry model?
1. NH4+(aq) + H2O(l) NH3(aq) + H3O+(aq)
2. 2HF(aq) + Ca2+(aq) CaF2(s) + 2H(aq)
 
3. H2PO4 (aq) + OH (aq) HPO42(aq) + H 2O(l)

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 3
e. 1, 2, and 3

3. The species formed when a proton is removed from an acid is called the
a. cation.
b. conjugate base.
c. conjugate acid.
d. buffer.
e. antacid.
4. A species that can either accept or donate a proton is called
a. a Brønsted-Lowry compound.
b. a Lewis base.
c. an Arrhenius acid.
d. amphiprotic.
e. a conjugate pair.
5. What is the conjugate base of HClO2?
a. H+
b. H
c. ClO2+
d. ClO+
e. ClO2
6. What is the conjugate acid of ammonia?
a. H+
b. H
c. NH4+
d. NH3
e. NH2
7. What is the conjugate base of water?
a. H+
b. O2
c. OH
d. H2O
e. H3O+
8. What is the conjugate acid of potassium hydrogen phosphate, K 2HPO4?
a. H3PO4
b. H2PO4
c. HPO42
d. K+
e. OH

9. All of the following species are amphiprotic EXCEPT

a. H2O.
b. HSO4.
c. HPO42.
d. SO42.
e. H2PO4.
10. Which of the following equilibrium constant expressions represents the ionization of water?
a.
b.

c.

d. KW = log[H+]
e. KW = log[OH]
11. Which of the following chemical reactions represents the ionization of water?
a. 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)
b. H2O(l) H2O(aq)
c. H2O(l) H2O+(aq) + e
d. H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH(aq)
e. H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l)
12. If the H+ concentration in a carbonated beverage is 4.7  105 M, what is the OH concentration?
(Kw = 1.0  1014)
a. 4.7  1019 M
b. 2.1  1010 M
c. 5.3  105 M
d. 2.1  10 M
e. 4.7  10 M

13. If the OH concentration in a bottle of an ammonia based cleaner is 3.8  102 M, what is the H+
concentration? (Kw = 1.0  1014)
a. 3.8  1016 M
b. 2.6  1013 M
c. 6.8  102 M
d. 2.6  10 M
e. 3.8  10 M
14. If the H+ concentration is less than 1.0  107 M, the solution is
a. basic.
b. acidic.
c. neutral.
d. amphiprotic.
e. in equilibrium.
15. What is the correct expression for the calculation of pH?
a. pH = log[1.0  1014]
b. pH = log([H+][OH])
c. pH = log[OH]
d. pH = log[OH]
e. pH = log[H+]
16. If the pH of a solution is greater than 7, the solution is
a. acidic.
b. basic.
c. amphiprotic.
d. neutral.
e. in equilibrium.
17. What is the H3O+ concentration of an aqueous solution with a pH of 8.77?
a. 1.7  10–9 M
b. 5.9  10–6 M
c. 1.6  10–4 M
d. 5.23 M
e. 5.9  108 M

18. The pH of a human blood sample is 7.30. What is concentration of OH in blood?
a. 5.01  108 M
b. 2.0  107 M
c. 7.3  107 M
d. 5.01  105 M
e. 2.0  107 M

19. The hydronium ion concentration in a sample of lemon juice is 3.2  103 M. What is the pH of the
lemon juice?
a. 1.06
b. 2.01
c. 2.49
d. 5.21
e. 11.72
20. Seawater has a hydroxide ion concentration of 2.0  106 M. What is the pH of seawater?
a. 8.30
b. 5.70
c. 6.99
d. 7.53
e. 8.30
21. What is the pH of 6.5  10–5 M KOH(aq) at 25C?
a. –4.19
b. 1.54
c. 4.19
d. 9.81
e. 12.46
22. All of the following species are strong acids EXCEPT
a. HClO4.
b. HBr.
c. H2SO4.
d. HF.
e. HI.
23. All of the following species are strong bases EXCEPT
a. NaOH.
b. KOH.
c. Mg(OH)2.
d. Sr(OH)2.
e. RbOH.
24. Which of the following species is a weak base?
a. KOH
b. NH4+
c. HF
d. H3PO4
e. CH3CO2
25. What is the pH of a solution prepared by diluting 0.40 mol HNO 3(aq) to a volume of 225 mL?
a. 0.25
b. 0.25
c. 0.40
d. 2.75
e. 7.50
26. An aqueous solution with a pH of 2.00 is diluted from 1.0 L to 3.0 L. What is the pH of the diluted
solution?
a. 0.67
b. 2.00
c. 2.48
d. 4.33
e. 6.00

27. Which of the following solutions will have a pH of 3.0?

a. 1  103 M CH3CO2H
b. 1  103 M NH3
c. 1  103 M NH4+
d. 1  103 M HI
e. Answers b and c are correct.
28. Which of the following solutions will have a pH of 11.0?
a. 11 M Sr(OH)2
b. 1  1011 M NH3
c. 1  1011 M HCl
d. 1  103 M NH4+
e. 1  103 M NaOH

29. Which of the following chemical reactions corresponds to the generic form of the base dissociation
constant (Kb)?
a. HB(aq) + OH(aq) B(aq) + H2O(l)
b. 2H2O(l) H3O (aq) + OH(aq)
+

c. HB(aq) + H2O(l) B(aq) + H3O+(aq)


d. B (aq) + H2O(l) HB(aq) + OH(aq)

e. B (aq) + H3O (aq)
+
HB(aq) + H2O(l)
30. The acid equilibrium constant (Ka) for ammonium chloride refers to which of the following chemical
reactions?
a. NH4+(aq) + H3O+(aq) NH52+(aq) + H2O(l)
+
b. NH4 (aq) + H2O(l) NH3(aq) + H3O+(aq)

c. NH4 (aq) + OH (aq)
+
NH3(aq) + H2O(l)
d. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH(aq)
e. NH3(aq) + H3O+(aq) NH4+(aq) + H2O(l)

31. Which of the following chemical equations corresponds to the base ionization constant, Kb, for hydrogen sulfite
ion (HSO3–)?
a. HSO3–(aq) + H2SO3(aq) 2 H2SO3(aq)
b. HSO3–(aq) + H2O(l) SO32–(aq) + H3O+(aq)
c. HSO3–(aq) + OH–(aq) SO32–(aq) + H2O(l)
– +
d. HSO3 (aq) + H3O (aq) H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)
e. HSO3–(aq) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) + OH–(aq)

32. Which of the following mathematical equations corresponds to the acid dissociation constant (Ka)?
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

33. The anions derived from strong acids are

a. spectator ions.
b. strong bases.
c. amphiprotic.
d. weak acids.
e. strong acids.

34.The conjugate acid of a weak base is

a. amphiprotic.
b. a weak base.
c. a weak acid.
d. a strong acid.
e. a strong base.
35. At 50C, the water ionization constant, Kw, is 5.48  10–14. What is the H3O+ concentration in neutral
water at this temperature?
a. 3.00  10–27 M
b. 2.74  10–14 M
c. 5.48  10–14 M
d. 2.34  10–7 M
e. 1.01  10–7 M

36. What is the conjugate base of [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)?

a. H3O+
b. [Fe(H2O)6]2+
c. [Fe(H2O)5H3O]4+
d. [Fe(H2O)5OH]2+
e. [Fe(H2O)5]3+
37. A solution of 0.10 M aluminum nitrate has a pH close to 3.0. Which chemical equation explains the
acidic pH of the solution?
a. Al3+(aq) + 3OH(aq) Al(OH)3(s) + 3H3O+(aq)
3+
b. Al(H2O)6 (aq) + H2O(l) Al(H2O)5(OH)2+(aq) + H3O+(aq)
c. Al(NO3)3(s) + 3H2O(l) Al(OH)3(s) + 3HNO3(s)
d. HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) NO3(aq) + H3O+(aq)

e. NO3 (aq) + H2O(l) H2O + HNO3(aq)
38. The pH of aqueous 0.50 M hypobromous acid, HBrO, is 4.45. What is the Ka of this acid?
a. 2.5  10–9
b. 5.0  10–9
c. 3.4  10–7
d. 3.5  10–5
e. 7.1  10–5

39. The pH of 0.350 M benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, is 2.32. What is the pKa for this acid?
a. 0.350
b. 1.38
c. 1.79
d. 2.32
e. 4.18
40. The pH of 0.400 M sodium nitrite, NaNO2, is 8.42. What is the Kb for this base?
a. 1.7  1011
b. 3.6  1010
c. 3.8  109
d. 9.5  109
e. 8.8  107

41. The pH of aqueous 0.10 M pyridine (C5H5N) ion is 9.09. What is the Kb of this base?
a. 8.0  10–10
b. 1.5  10–9
c. 9.0  10–6
d. 1.6  10–5
e. 1.2  10–5

42. A solution of 0.25 mol HF diluted to 1.0 L has a hydronium ion concentration of 1.3  102 M. What
is the percent ionization of HF?
a. 0.80 %
b. 1.3%
c. 4.2%
d. 5.2%
e. 31%
43. What is the pH of 0.26 M ammonium ion?
NH4+(aq) + H2O(l) NH3(aq) + H3O+(aq) Ka = 5.6  1010
a 3.87
.
b 4.33
.
c 4.75
.
d 4.92
.
e 9.25
.

44. Ammonia is a weak base (Kb = 1.8  105). What is the pH of 1.2 M ammonia?
a. 2.33
b. 4.74
c. 9.26
d. 10.14
e. 11.67

45. Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, is found in sour milk. What is the pH of 0.30 M lactic acid?
(Ka = 1.4  104)
a. 0.52
b. 1.07
c. 2.19
d. 4.00
e. 5.12

46. Hydrogen sulfate ion, HSO4, has an acid dissociation constant of 1.0  102. What is the pH of 0.45 M hydrogen
sulfate?
a. 0.35
b. 1.21
c. 2.00
d. 2.19
e. 3.03

47. What is the pH of 0.25 M aqueous acetate ion? (Kb of CH3CO2– = 5.6  10–10)
a. 4.32
b. 4.93
c. 9.07
d. 9.68
e. 13.40

48. Which of the following chemical equations corresponds to Ka3 for phosphoric acid, H3PO4?
a. H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) H2PO4(aq) + H3O+(aq)

b. H2PO4 (aq) + H2O(l) HPO42(aq) + H3O+(aq)
c. HPO42(aq) + H2O(l) PO43(aq) + H3O+(aq)
d. H3PO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) HPO42(aq) + 2H3O+(aq)

e. H2PO4 (aq) + 2H2O(l) PO43(aq) + H3O+(aq)

49. Which of the following chemical equations corresponds to Kb1 for SO32–?
a. HSO3–(aq) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) + OH–(aq)
2– +
b. SO3 (aq) + H3O (aq) HSO3–(aq) + H2O(l)
c. H2SO3(aq) + OH–(aq) HSO3–(aq) + H2O(l)
– –
d. HSO3 (aq) + OH (aq) SO32–(aq) + H2O(l)
2–
e. SO3 (aq) + H2O(l) HSO3–(aq) + OH–(aq)

50. All of the following statements concerning diprotic acids and bases are incorrect EXCEPT
a. Ka1 is always large.
b. Ka1 is larger than Ka2.
c. Ka1 is equal to Kb2.
d. Ka1 + Kb2 equals Kw.
e. Ka1 + Ka2 equals Kw.