Ed Mororizep GyroscoPE Ossective: To study the gyroscopic effect of a rotating dise. Experimental justification of the equationT = [.0.0, for calculating the gyroscopic couple by observation and measurement of results for independent variation in applied couple T and precession Inrropuction: Axis or Spam, Ifa body is revolving about an axis, the latter is known as axis of spin (Refer Fig.1, where OX is the axis of spin). Paecession Precession means the rotation about the third axis OZ (Refer Fig. 1) that is perpendicular to both the axis of spin OX and that of couple OY. Axis oF Precession: ‘The third axis OZ is*perpendicular to both the axis of spin OX and that of couple OY is known as axis of precession. Gyroscoric Errecr: To a body revolving (or spinning) about an axis say OX, (Refer Fig.1) if a couple represented by a vector OY perpendicular to OX is applied, then tke body tries to process about an axis OZ which is perpendicular both to OX and OY. Thus, the couple is mutually perpendicular. The above combined effect is known as precessional or gyroscopic effect. Gyroscore It is a body while spinning about an axis is free to rotate in other directions under the action of external forces. Moterized Gyroscope 4OX — Axis of spin, OY — Axis of Couple, OZ — Axis of Precession Figure 1 Turory: Grroscoric Covet oF « Pane Disc Let a disc of weight “W’ having a moment of inertia I be spinning at an angular velocity @ about axis OX in anticlockwise direction viewing from front (Refer Fig.2). Therefore, the angular momentum of disc is Iw. Applying right-hand screw rule the sense of vector representing the angular momentum of dise whieh is also a vector quantity will be in the direction OX as shown. A couple whose axis is OY perpendicular to OX and is in the plane Z, is now applied to prices the axis OX. Z Figure: 2 Let axis OX tur through a small angular displacement from OX to OX? in time 6t. The couple applied produces a change in the direction of angular velocity, the Motorized Gyroscope aiSS ae eee ee magnitude & the magnitude remaining constant. This change is due to she velocity of precession. ‘Therefore, ‘OX’ represents the angular momentum after time dt. —> —> Change of angular momentum = OX’ — OX = XX" XX _OXxd0 2 Angular desplacement = e e at dt As, XX°=OXxd@ indirection of XX" ‘Now as rate of change of angular momentum Couple applied dO We get T=OX— ° dt But OX =l0 Where I = Moment of Inertia of dise © = Angular Velocity of disc. And in the limit dt is very small Wehave @- 0, dt Where @p = Angular velocity of precession of yoke about vertical axis. ‘Thus, we get— T= The direction of the couple applied on the body is clockwise when looking in the XOXO, direction XX’ and in the limit this is perpendicular to the axis of and cf p. The reaction couple exerted by the body on its frame is equal in magni-ude to that of C, but opposite in direction. Description: The set up consists of heavy disc mounted on a horizontal shaft, rotated by a variable speed motor, The rotor shaft is coupled to a motor mounted on a trunion frame having bearings in a yoke frame, which is free to rotate about vertical exis. A weight pan on other side of disc balances the weight of motor. Rotor dise can be move about Motorized Gyroscope 3three axis, Weight can be applied at a particular distance from the center of rotor to calculate the applied torque. The gyroscopic coup'e can be determined with the help of moment of inertia, angular speed of disc and angular speed of precession. Uniities Requirep: Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz 5-15 amp sccket with earth connection. ‘Tachometer Bench Area Required: | mx 1 m Experimenta Procepure: : 1, Set the rotor at zero position. 2. Start the motor with the help of rotary switch. 3. Increase the speed of rotor with dimmer stat & stable it & measure the R.P.M. with the help of tachometer. Put the weight on weight pan then yoke rotate at anticlockwise direction, Measure the rotating angle (300, 400) with the help of stopwatch. Repeat the experiment for the various speeds and loads. Nave After the test is over set dimmer stat to zero position and switch off main supply. Observation & CaLcuLation: Data: 2 £ = 9.81 m/sec” r = 015m W = 542kg Lo =~ 0225 OBSERVATION TABLE: S.No. N w do at (RPM) | (kg) (degree) (sec)CALCULATIONS: T= 100, kgm "rad/see = = . es 180 | rad/see = Poa EL kom, kgm 9, NomeNctature: 40 = Angle of precession dt = _ Time required for this precessions, sec 2 = Acceleration due to gravity, m /sec” I = Moment of inertia of disc, kg m sec” L = _ Distance of weight for the center of disc, m N = _ RPMof Disc spin = Radius of disc, m Tie = Theoretical Gyroscopic couple, kg-m Tax = Actual Gyroscopic couple, kg-m W = Weight of rotor dise, kg w= Weight on pan, kg © — = Angular velocity of disc, rad/sec ©) = Angular velocity of precession of yoke about vertical axis, rad/see 10. Precautions & Maintenance Instructions: 1. Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 180 volts and above than 230 volts. 2. Before start the motor set dimmer stat at zero position. Increase the speed gradually 11. Troustesnootine: Motorized Gyroscope 51 ‘The main light is not ON check the main switch, 2. The motor is not working check the rotary switch & dimmer stat 12, Rererences: 1 Prof. P.L. Ballaney, “Theory Of Machines & Mechanisms”, 23rd ed. - Khanna Publishers, ND, 2003, Page 385-387. | Motcrized Gyroscope