Go norte’ | alysis of Stress and Strain Three Dimensions in 14 | Introduction phe preceding chapters have been concerned with two-dimensional prob- jems, except for the preliminary basic considerations of Chap. 1. The present chapter, and the next, are devoted to further general questions pasic to the solution of further problems. 8 In this chapter, the analysis of stress is entirely separate from the analysis of strain. No stress-strain relations are introduced. The results are applicable to stress occurring in any kind of (continuous) medium—for instance, a viscous fluid, or a plastic solid, and similarly with respect to strain. We turn now to the general case of stress distribution in three dimen- sions. Tt was shown (see Art. 4) that the stresses acting on the six sides of a cubic element can be described by six components of stress, namely, the three normal stresses oz, oy, oz and the three shearing stresses Ty Tax = Taz) Tye = Tey = Tys; If these components of stress at any point are known, the stress acting on any inclined plane through this point can be calculated from the equations of statics. Let 0 bea point of the stressed body, and suppose the stresses are known for the coordinate planes xy, «2, yz (Fig. 126). To get the stress for any inclined plane through 0, we take a plane BCD parallel to it at a small distance from 0, so that this latter plane together with the coordinate planes cuts out from the body a very small tetrahedron BCDO. Since the stresses vary continuously over the vol- ume of the body, the stress acting on the plane BCD will approach the stress on the parallel plane through 0 as the element js made infinitesimal. In considering the conditions of equilibrium of the elemental tetra hedron, the body forces can be neglected (see page 5). Also, because th element is verv small. we can neglect the variation of the stresses over th ‘Scanned wih CamScanner