I

November 052019 Meeting A 12

-

Eijke Eke Oji

Oggi ! Oejig ; Oij Ejike Eke
= =
=

t.INT/tRELAST1ClTY- Oij Eijke Eke Eijek Eek

= =
,

A -

CONSTITUTIVERELAI.IO# c .

If there exists a strain energy function IN wk

is defined as

i. lH00KE'sLAI IN '

ta Vij Eij =L Eijise Eke Eij CH

Oij Eijke Eke 4) Where :

=

Oij
Where :
Oij =
Cauchy stress tensor oeij
Eij =
infinitesimal strain tensor then we can always suppose Ca ) is symmetric
Eijkl
=
tensor of elastic constants and it follows that :
( modulus) of the material Eijke Ekeij
=

Note IT IT
a
Eq Cl ) is the so called generalized under this
symmetry condition the number of
-

. .

Hooke 's law independent elastic components is reduced to 21

b relationship
15g
It assumes linear

I
.
a - a

between the stresses and the strains .

Constitutive to describe
C
Cgs
a
. .
serve
,

the material properties of a medium 2T

when it is subjected to external forces
d.
Egs 4) are applicable to materials d .

If the material possesses symmetry in its

exhibiting small deformation when elastic property in certain directions the no ,
.

subjected to external forces .

of independent elastic constants will be reduced

Further
Alternatively ,
eg.cl) may be written as

symmetry w/ respect to plane

→
18 constants
•

one

Sig ke Oke symmetry w/ respect to 3 mutually perpendicular

'

Eij
-
-

IN here :
planes → g

Sig tensor compliance elastic properties identical in all directions

'

of elastic of
a
are
-

the material lie .

isotropic) → a

2 .
-
IELASTICSTIFFNESSCF.is

Note :

is 4th order tensor total of 81

ijke a - →

4
components (3)
{ 039×1 I E) 9×9149×1
=

and Eke ,
symmetries Tig
'

b. Due to the in

the number of elastic constants reduces to 36

{ 03am i
IET oxo 146×1

÷÷÷:&
'
.

031 032 Oz
 I
-
IISOTROPICMATERIALSNOTE
3.

: C .
Relations between the material constants
The most general form of a 4th -

order

f- /
-

UCE-2#
Evan
isotropic tensor is
given by X =
-

) ) T E ( Itv ( t 2V -

tijke-xsijsketmlsiksjetsil8j.is)
¥ii÷
"

:i÷:: : :*: : it
"
"

"" .. .
" "e . .
.

¥m
v X I
-

-
= -

tijke
=

Xsijske tu ( sik get sie Sjk) Txt)

b . For an ISOTROPIC Material E

'

M(3Xt2# =
2M ( Itv)
Eijke Xsijske till six Sj et sie Sjk) Xt M
'

Hip And
eg.CI) becomes , Note

Oij :[ xsij she tµ( sik get Sil Sjk ) ) eke I ( shear modulus or modulus of

Rigidity )
1-
Oij=2µEijtXEkk8 13) o

where :

c.
Eg
thx

.cz)
may
:

be
Lami

rewritten
coefficients

as
( constants)

¥T
-
q

IEXAMPt.IT/PHTSlCALlNtERPRETA#/2M2MC3X
EiIj
-
) -

2M
( verify !)

-
Of v and E
11K Consider a prismatic rod subject to uniaxial
d. In terms of the Young's Modulus of elasticity stress ie ,

CE) and the Poisson's ratio ( v) , on =

Oo ,
other
Oij so

oiii.FEiityfjfyy.gr,
'

sis Po
t.to
""a"
Eiji Oij okksij c,
HEI ¥
-

sij
Eiji
tteroij on,
-

NOW , "
Oo O O

Ofa t 0/35=00
,

Okk =
On t

And ,
Eli On Oo
ttY 0¥
Oo
It÷ Ie
= -

= - -

IE oof /
-

-
( the ratio between the

-
, longitudinal stress and
longitudinal strain )
 I
i=j= Cq (3) becomes

BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEM.ro
1lb When 2
,
.
B .

=
EE " IF,
822
III
00
EI
'

Oaa Fa
-

Fs D :
domain
822
= -

V En f :
boundary
xz
JP
4=-72,47
-
( the negative
the transverse strain
ratio of

4- xa
OK

to the longitudinal strain) x,

-1
1-
EXAMPLE l .

-
1 -
BASIC EQUATIONS OF LINEAR ELASTICITY

( defined in r )
'
INCOMPRESSIBLE MATERIAL ( F- 12 )
-

strain -

displacement relations :
eij-tacuijtuj.it
REQUIRED ( egs)
: 6

a. Show that µ
-
-

E and X
-
-

Oo
Cgs .

of motion :
Oijjt Pfi pai ( 3 Cgs) =

so constitutive -

relations oij=2µEijtXEk×8ij
:

b. simplify the O -

E relations . ( begs)
total : 61-31-6 =
15
-
eqs 11

S0LUtl -

- -

quantities ( data
=gf÷yg, Fg
a M =
known of the problem)
:
p.fi ai.mx
-

-
'
,

, Unknown
quantities ( to be solved) : Ui

Eij
X=Ev_ = 00
Oij
( Itv )(t -

Lv ) I

Unknowns components of Ui
( re Ya ) no Of 3
. :

6 components of Eij
b . Recall :
6- components of Oij

fini fan
'
sis
'

ii II.
-

- -

15 Unknowns I 15 equations →
DETERMINATE

HOTEL at 4--42 ,
CASE

X
E'Iii :
= 00

at
Titan
, 9Mp=0
His
Apply L' Hopital 's rule Kima ,

tim d- ( x)
¥ 's
dX¥a*m,
X -
soo
.

=
I
3

"a
Eij Oij Okissij
-
-

2µ6#

1Eij=fµfoij-ogIs
" be
simplifying Assumptions : C. NAVlER'SEQUAT

ai Vi ( static ) consider the constitutive relations

y
o o case lip
- -

• -

Sig (4)
'

Vi constant oij 2M Eij t X Ens

-
-
-
-

( quasi -

static
case ) 111$ Differentiate (4) Wrt Xj ,
" Dr
Egs .
Of motions reduces to
Oij
=
2M Eijsj t X Ens ,j8ij (5)

|Oijsjtpfi legs .

of equilibrium) Recall :
Eiji 42 ( Uisj t Uj si)

negligible body forces) Ya ( Uisjj Uj ij )

→
•
fi -
o ( Eijj
-

t .
( 6)
→
Ekk =
42 ( UK K ,
t UK , K )
=

Ukik

|Oijsj →
Ekksj
=
Uk ,
Kj (7)

Hba (6) I (7) into (5) →

2. -
1
BOUNDARY -
CONDITIONS

Oijsj
-
-

2MIICUisjjtujsij5.lt X Uk
W
.
kjsij (8)
a .
If ai FO ,
then we have a dynamic =
Uk , ki
problem w/o requires initial conditions
Ujiji
-

( ICs )
=
MC Uisjjt Ujiji ) t X Ujiji
But if Ai o, then only boundary Oijsj µ Uisjj t ( Mt X) Ujiji (9)
- =

conditions ( Bcs ) are needed to comp

" "
solve the problem .

Recall :
Cgs of . Motion

Oijsjt Pfi
=

Pdi Clo)
b . Bcs are usually OF 2 kinds : lip (9) into CIO)
M Uisjjt ( Mt x) Ujsjitpfi pai
-

i. SPECIFIED DISPLACEMENTS :

thecomponenuiaresecit.ie d Assume : ai
-
-

o ( Navier legs)
µ
.

on the boundary P .

T
lMUisjjtCMtHUjjitpf ""
ii. SPECIFIEDSURFACETRAc.no/#
the components of the surface
fractions Hcn , are assigned on the
P
boundary

ten, i Oijnj
=

Where :

nj :
components of the
unit normal vector on
'
the surface I
 l
-
l a
NOTE :
2 . SOLUTION WHEN fi Ai O -
-
-

Eg ) Cll combines the 3 basic

egs. -

of
linear elasticity into just one set of Ui
=
( same as in PN solution)

But
equations .

17201 =
0 , Kk
=
O

b .

Eg .
Cll) contains only 3 unknowns ( Ui)
'

Yi Yi
-

D =
O
-

, Kk
c .

Boundary conditions
•
SPECIFIED DISPLACEMENT ON Tj
Uilp; =
prescribed displacements

•
SPECIFIED SURFACE FRACTIONS

tcngi Oijnj IM ( Uisj tujsiltxuk.is 8ij]nj

-
- -

prescribed surface traction

=

SOLUTIONS OF THE NAVIER 'S EQUATION

=
1-
I . PAP KOVICH -
NE UBER SOLUTIONS ( ai -
)
o

theorem : A general electrostatic solutions of the

'

Navi ers
egs in terms of harmonic potentials
,

0 and Yi is given by

Ui :( 0
txjyj ) i 411 V) Yi
-

Where 0 and Yi are continuous solutions of

the ergs
.

0in, pxjfj
= -

4M ( t v)
-

and

Yi , Kk =pfi
4M ( I v) -

with It Xi ti ( a position vector to a general

-
-

point *) in the continuous body .