Manuel III Miguel L.

Rafanan

Fundamentals of nursing

BSN – 1

i.

LEVELS OF PREVENTION DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES

PRIMORDIAL Consists of actions in order The preventive measures
PREVENTION to lessen future hazards to that come before the onset
the health of an individual of illness or injury and
and thus inhibits the before the disease process
establishment of factors begins. Examples include
which are known to immunization and taking
increase the risk of disease. regular exercise to prevent
Primordial Prevention health problems developing
addresses broad health in the future.
determinants rather than
preventing personal
exposure to risk factors,
which is the goal of
primary prevention.
PRIMARY PREVENTION Primary prevention aims to Legislation and enforcement
prevent disease or injury to ban or control the use of
before it ever occurs. This hazardous products such as
is done by preventing asbestos or to mandate safe
exposures to hazards that and healthy practices.
cause disease or injury,
altering unhealthy or Education about healthy and
unsafe behaviours that can safe habits such as eating
lead to disease or injury, well, exercising regularly,
and increasing resistance to not smoking.
disease or injury should
exposure occur. Immunization against
infectious diseases.

SECONDARY Secondary prevention aims Regular exams and

PREVENTION to reduce the impact of a screening tests to detect
disease or injury that has disease in its earliest stages
already occurred. This is (e.g. mammograms to detect
 done by detecting and breast cancer)
treating disease or injury as
soon as possible to halt or Daily, low-dose aspirins
slow its progress, and/or diet and exercise
encouraging personal programs to prevent further
strategies to prevent heart attacks or strokes
reinjury or recurrence, and
implementing programs to Suitably modified work so
return people to their injured or ill workers can
original health and return safely to their jobs.
function to prevent long-
term problems.

TERTIARY PREVENTION Tertiary prevention focuses Managing disease post

on rehabilitation, assisting diagnosis to slow or stop
the patient to accommodate
disease progression through
to his disability. measures such as
chemotherapy,
rehabilitation, and screening
for complications. cardiac or
stroke rehabilitation
programs, chronic disease
management programs 

ii.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs - Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in
psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within
a pyramid.

Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher
up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological, safety, love and
belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Kalish’s Hierarchy of needs – Kalish’s Hierarchy of Needs add another layer between the
bottom two levels. In his view, the bottom level in Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs which is
“Physiological” is reserved for the survival and elementary comfort such as food, air, water,
acceptable temperature, rest, elimination, freedom from pain, etc. Then, at the higher level
and below “Safety”, Kalish added “Stimulation” needs which are the activity, exploration,
sex, stimulation, novelty. Nurses and other caregivers should take note of Kalish’s extended
model or added levels in his Hierarchy because it emphasizes the fulfilling need for mental
stimulation is essential and fundamental to human health and happiness.
iii.
Needs are essential for all living individual to surviveand to attain healthy life. As an
individual I also have a certain needs to continue to live with a good life, since I’m a nursing
student I need to perform excellently in class and in every field to help and maintain healthy
life for other people, I should be a good model for my future patients so that I can give good
care for their needs to get this I also need Safety needs, I need family, school guards, police,
school buildings, government and medical care. On the Love and Belongingness needs:
friendship, family and intimacy. On the self-esteem needs I need respect, self-esteem, status,
strength, freedom and self-confidence. These are the things I need in order for me to survive
in this course and also in the future. These needs help me to achieve my daily needs whether
at home or in school.