Description Legends Units Value

Depth of clay layer H m 10.00

Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-01
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-01

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-01
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-01
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-01
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
3 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
6 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
9 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
15 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
18 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
21 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
24 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
3 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
6 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
9 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
12 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
15 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
18 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
21 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
24 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 100.00 99.96 10 2.00 2.00
1.9 100.00 99.96 15 2.00 2.00
1.8 100.00 99.96 20 2.00 2.00
1.7 100.00 99.96 25 2.00 2.00
1.6 100.00 99.96 30 2.00 2.00
1.5 100.00 99.96 35 2.00 2.00
1.4 100.00 99.96 40 2.00 2.00
1.3 100.00 99.96 45 2.00 2.00
1.2 100.00 99.96 50 2.00 2.00
1.1 100.00 99.96 55 2.00 2.00
1.0 100.00 99.96 60 2.00 2.00
0.9 100.00 99.96 65 2.00 2.00
0.8 100.00 99.96 70 2.00 2.00
0.7 100.00 99.96 75 2.00 2.00
0.6 100.00 99.96 80 2.00 2.00
0.5 100.00 99.96 85 2.00 2.00
90 2.00 2.00
95 2.00 2.00

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

99.99

99.98

Treated Layer
99.97 Untreated Layer

99.96

99.95

99.94
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.9 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.8 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.7 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.6 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.5 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.4 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.3 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.2 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.1 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
1.0 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
0.9 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
0.8 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
0.7 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
0.6 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98
0.5 40.10 30.60 70.70 99.98

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
80
Treated layer
70 settlement
Untreated layer
60
settlement

50 Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100

99.995
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

99.99

Column J
99.985

99.98

99.975
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 70.70 2.00
15 70.70 2.00
20 70.70 2.00
25 70.70 2.00
30 70.70 2.00
35 70.70 2.00
40 70.70 2.00
45 70.70 2.00
50 70.70 2.00
55 70.70 2.00
60 70.70 2.00
65 70.70 2.00
70 70.70 2.00
75 70.70 2.00
80 70.70 2.00
85 70.70 2.00
90 70.70 2.00
95 70.70 2.00
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

2.00 10.00 99.96 4.01 30.60 34.61

2.00 15.00 99.96 6.01 30.60 36.62
2.00 20.00 99.96 8.02 30.60 38.62
2.00 25.00 99.96 10.02 30.60 40.63
2.00 30.00 99.96 12.03 30.60 42.63
2.00 35.00 99.96 14.03 30.60 44.64
2.00 40.00 99.96 16.04 30.60 46.64
2.00 45.00 99.96 18.04 30.60 48.65
2.00 50.00 99.96 20.05 30.60 50.65
2.00 55.00 99.96 22.05 30.60 52.66
2.00 60.00 99.96 24.06 30.60 54.66
2.00 65.00 99.96 26.06 30.60 56.67
2.00 70.00 99.96 28.07 30.60 58.67
2.00 75.00 99.96 30.07 30.60 60.68
2.00 80.00 99.96 32.08 30.60 62.68
2.00 85.00 99.96 34.08 30.60 64.69
2.00 90.00 99.96 36.09 30.60 66.69
2.00 95.00 99.96 38.09 30.60 68.70
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-02
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-02

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-02
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-02
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-02
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 95.12 96.09 97.01 97.83 98.54 99.11 99.52 99.78 99.92 99.98 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
3 99.98 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
6 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
9 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
15 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
18 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
21 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
24 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
3 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
6 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
9 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
12 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
15 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
18 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
21 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
24 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 99.98 62.93 10 2.00 2.00
1.9 99.99 62.93 15 2.00 2.00
1.8 100.00 62.93 20 2.00 2.00
1.7 100.00 62.93 25 2.00 2.00
1.6 100.00 62.93 30 2.00 2.00
1.5 100.00 62.93 35 2.00 2.00
1.4 100.00 62.93 40 2.00 2.00
1.3 100.00 62.93 45 2.00 2.00
1.2 100.00 62.93 50 2.00 2.00
1.1 100.00 62.93 55 2.00 2.00
1.0 100.00 62.93 60 2.00 2.00
0.9 100.00 62.93 65 2.00 0.50
0.8 100.00 62.93 70 2.00 0.50
0.7 100.00 62.93 75 2.00 0.50
0.6 100.00 62.93 80 2.00 0.50
0.5 100.00 62.93 85 2.00 0.50
90 2.00 0.50
95 2.00 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 40.09 19.27 59.36 83.94
1.9 40.09 19.27 59.36 83.94
1.8 40.10 19.27 59.36 83.95
1.7 40.10 19.27 59.36 83.95
1.6 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
1.5 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
1.4 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
1.3 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
1.2 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
1.1 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
1.0 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
0.9 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
0.8 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
0.7 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
0.6 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95
0.5 40.10 19.27 59.37 83.95

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
70
Treated layer
60 settlement
Untreated layer
50 settlement
Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100

95
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

90

Column J
85

80

75
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 59.36 2.00
15 59.36 2.00
20 59.36 2.00
25 59.36 2.00
30 59.36 2.00
35 59.36 2.00
40 59.36 2.00
45 59.36 2.00
50 59.36 2.00
55 59.36 2.00
60 59.36 2.00
65 59.36 2.00
70 59.36 2.00
75 59.36 2.00
80 59.36 2.00
85 59.37 0.50
90 59.37 0.50
95 59.37 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

2.00 10.00 62.93 4.01 19.27 23.28

2.00 15.00 62.93 6.01 19.27 25.28
2.00 20.00 62.93 8.02 19.27 27.29
2.00 25.00 62.93 10.02 19.27 29.29
2.00 30.00 62.93 12.03 19.27 31.30
2.00 35.00 62.93 14.03 19.27 33.30
2.00 40.00 62.93 16.04 19.27 35.31
2.00 45.00 62.93 18.04 19.27 37.31
2.00 50.00 62.93 20.05 19.27 39.32
2.00 55.00 62.93 22.05 19.27 41.32
2.00 60.00 62.93 24.06 19.27 43.33
2.00 65.00 62.93 26.06 19.27 45.33
2.00 70.00 62.93 28.07 19.27 47.34
2.00 75.00 62.93 30.07 19.27 49.34
2.00 80.00 62.93 32.08 19.27 51.35
2.00 85.00 62.93 34.08 19.27 53.35
2.00 90.00 62.93 36.09 19.27 55.36
2.00 95.00 62.93 38.09 19.27 57.36
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-03
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-03

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-03
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-03
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-03
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 35.17 36.60 38.26 40.22 42.54 45.29 48.58 52.50 57.20 62.78 69.31 76.72 84.60 91.98 97.36 99.68
3 64.10 66.42 69.00 71.86 75.01 78.43 82.08 85.88 89.67 93.21 96.19 98.34 99.52 99.93 100.00 100.00
6 84.45 86.40 88.41 90.45 92.46 94.39 96.13 97.60 98.71 99.44 99.83 99.97 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
9 93.41 94.61 95.76 96.83 97.78 98.57 99.18 99.60 99.84 99.96 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
12 97.42 98.02 98.57 99.03 99.39 99.66 99.84 99.94 99.98 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
15 98.68 99.06 99.37 99.61 99.78 99.90 99.96 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
18 99.42 99.61 99.76 99.87 99.93 99.97 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
21 99.75 99.84 99.91 99.95 99.98 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
24 99.89 99.93 99.97 99.98 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.71 1.36 1.15 0.99 0.86 0.73
3 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.76 1.46 1.19
6 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 2.00 2.00 1.72
9 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 2.00
12 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
15 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
18 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
21 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00
24 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 64.10 19.90 10 2.00 2.00
1.9 66.42 19.90 15 2.00 2.00
1.8 69.00 19.90 20 2.00 0.50
1.7 71.86 19.90 25 2.00 0.50
1.6 75.01 19.90 30 2.00 0.50
1.5 78.43 19.90 35 2.00 0.50
1.4 82.08 19.90 40 2.00 0.50
1.3 85.88 19.90 45 2.00 0.50
1.2 89.67 19.90 50 2.00 0.50
1.1 93.21 19.90 55 2.00 0.50
1.0 96.19 19.90 60 2.00 0.50
0.9 98.34 19.90 65 1.96 0.50
0.8 99.52 19.90 70 1.76 0.50
0.7 99.93 19.90 75 1.60 0.50
0.6 100.00 19.90 80 1.46 0.50
0.5 100.00 19.90 85 1.32 0.50
90 1.19 0.50
95 1.04 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 25.70 6.09 31.80 44.96
1.9 26.63 6.09 32.73 46.28
1.8 27.67 6.09 33.76 47.74
1.7 28.81 6.09 34.91 49.36
1.6 30.08 6.09 36.17 51.15
1.5 31.45 6.09 37.54 53.09
1.4 32.91 6.09 39.01 55.16
1.3 34.44 6.09 40.53 57.32
1.2 35.96 6.09 42.05 59.46
1.1 37.37 6.09 43.47 61.47
1.0 38.57 6.09 44.66 63.16
0.9 39.43 6.09 45.52 64.38
0.8 39.91 6.09 46.00 65.05
0.7 40.07 6.09 46.16 65.28
0.6 40.10 6.09 46.19 65.32
0.5 40.10 6.09 46.19 65.32

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
50

45 Treated layer
settlement
40 Untreated layer
settlement
35
Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100
90

80
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

70

60
50 Column J
40
30

20
10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 31.80 2.00
15 31.80 2.00
20 31.80 2.00
25 31.80 2.00
30 31.80 2.00
35 31.80 2.00
40 31.80 2.00
45 31.82 2.00
50 35.36 1.66
55 38.89 1.41
60 42.43 1.17
65 45.96 0.81
70 46.19 0.50
75 46.19 0.50
80 46.19 0.50
85 46.19 0.50
90 46.19 0.50
95 46.19 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

2.00 10.00 19.90 4.01 6.09 10.10

2.00 15.00 19.90 6.01 6.09 12.11
2.00 20.00 19.90 8.02 6.09 14.11
2.00 25.00 19.90 10.02 6.09 16.12
2.00 30.00 19.90 12.03 6.09 18.12
2.00 35.00 19.90 14.03 6.09 20.13
2.00 40.00 19.90 16.04 6.09 22.13
2.00 45.00 19.90 18.04 6.09 24.14
2.00 50.00 19.90 20.05 6.09 26.14
2.00 55.00 19.90 22.05 6.09 28.15
2.00 60.00 19.90 24.06 6.09 30.15
1.96 65.00 19.90 26.06 6.09 32.16
1.76 70.00 19.90 28.07 6.09 34.16
1.60 75.00 19.90 30.07 6.09 36.17
1.46 80.00 19.90 32.08 6.09 38.17
1.32 85.00 19.90 34.08 6.09 40.18
1.19 90.00 19.90 36.09 6.09 42.18
1.04 95.00 19.90 38.09 6.09 44.19
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-04
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-04

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-04
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-04
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-04
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 8.85 9.05 9.30 9.59 9.94 10.39 10.94 11.64 12.56 13.77 15.42 17.72 21.05 26.04 33.82 46.34
3 16.99 17.54 18.20 18.99 19.94 21.11 22.56 24.39 26.71 29.72 33.67 38.95 46.06 55.66 68.23 83.06
6 25.87 26.86 28.02 29.40 31.05 33.05 35.49 38.50 42.22 46.87 52.68 59.90 68.70 78.85 89.14 96.91
9 33.03 34.36 35.92 37.75 39.93 42.52 45.64 49.39 53.91 59.36 65.84 73.36 81.63 89.79 96.25 99.43
12 39.15 40.75 42.62 44.80 47.35 50.37 53.92 58.11 63.03 68.73 75.20 82.20 89.15 95.05 98.69 99.89
15 44.51 46.33 48.43 50.87 53.70 56.99 60.80 65.20 70.23 75.86 81.93 88.06 93.57 97.59 99.54 99.98
18 49.27 51.27 53.55 56.17 59.18 62.63 66.57 71.03 75.98 81.32 86.80 91.97 96.18 98.82 99.84 100.00
21 53.55 55.67 58.08 60.83 63.95 67.48 71.45 75.83 80.58 85.52 90.34 94.59 97.73 99.42 99.94 100.00
24 57.41 59.63 62.13 64.95 68.12 71.67 75.58 79.82 84.28 88.76 92.93 96.35 98.65 99.72 99.98 100.00

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 1.59 0.83 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
3 2.00 1.60 1.09 0.89 0.76 0.67 0.59 0.52 0.50
6 >2.00 2.00 1.66 1.26 1.05 0.90 0.79 0.69 0.59
9 >2.00 >2.00 2.00 1.60 1.29 1.09 0.94 0.82 0.70
12 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 1.95 1.51 1.26 1.08 0.93 0.79
15 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 2.00 1.74 1.42 1.20 1.03 0.86
18 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 1.96 1.58 1.32 1.12 0.94
21 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 2.00 1.73 1.44 1.21 1.01
24 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 >2.00 1.89 1.55 1.30 1.07

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 16.99 6.29 10 2.00 0.50
1.9 17.54 6.29 15 2.00 0.50
1.8 18.20 6.29 20 1.60 0.50
1.7 18.99 6.29 25 1.27 0.50
1.6 19.94 6.29 30 1.09 0.50
1.5 21.11 6.29 35 0.97 0.50
1.4 22.56 6.29 40 0.89 0.50
1.3 24.39 6.29 45 0.81 0.50
1.2 26.71 6.29 50 0.76 0.50
1.1 29.72 6.29 55 0.71 0.50
1.0 33.67 6.29 60 0.67 0.50
0.9 38.95 6.29 65 0.63 0.50
0.8 46.06 6.29 70 0.59 0.50
0.7 55.66 6.29 75 0.55 0.50
0.6 68.23 6.29 80 0.52 0.50
0.5 83.06 6.29 85 0.50 0.50
90 0.50 0.50
95 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 6.81 1.93 8.74 12.36
1.9 7.03 1.93 8.96 12.67
1.8 7.30 1.93 9.22 13.04
1.7 7.61 1.93 9.54 13.49
1.6 8.00 1.93 9.92 14.03
1.5 8.47 1.93 10.39 14.70
1.4 9.05 1.93 10.97 15.52
1.3 9.78 1.93 11.71 16.55
1.2 10.71 1.93 12.64 17.87
1.1 11.92 1.93 13.84 19.58
1.0 13.50 1.93 15.43 21.82
0.9 15.62 1.93 17.54 24.81
0.8 18.47 1.93 20.40 28.84
0.7 22.32 1.93 24.25 34.29
0.6 27.36 1.93 29.29 41.42
0.5 33.31 1.93 35.23 49.82

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
40
Treated layer
35 settlement
Untreated layer
30
settlement

25 Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

20

15

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100

90
80
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

70
60

50 Column J
40

30
20
10
0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 8.74 2.00
15 10.61 1.46
20 14.14 1.08
25 17.68 0.90
30 21.21 0.78
35 24.75 0.69
40 28.29 0.62
45 31.82 0.56
50 35.23 0.50
55 35.23 0.50
60 35.23 0.50
65 35.23 0.50
70 35.23 0.50
75 35.23 0.50
80 35.23 0.50
85 35.23 0.50
90 35.23 0.50
95 35.23 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

2.00 10.00 6.29 4.01 1.93 5.94

2.00 15.00 6.29 6.01 1.93 7.94
1.60 20.00 6.29 8.02 1.93 9.95
1.27 25.00 6.29 10.02 1.93 11.95
1.09 30.00 6.29 12.03 1.93 13.96
0.97 35.00 6.29 14.03 1.93 15.96
0.89 40.00 6.29 16.04 1.93 17.97
0.81 45.00 6.29 18.04 1.93 19.97
0.76 50.00 6.29 20.05 1.93 21.98
0.71 55.00 6.29 22.05 1.93 23.98
0.67 60.00 6.29 24.06 1.93 25.99
0.63 65.00 6.29 26.06 1.93 27.99
0.59 70.00 6.29 28.07 1.93 30.00
0.55 75.00 6.29 30.07 1.93 32.00
0.52 80.00 6.29 32.08 1.93 34.01
0.50 85.00 6.29 34.08 1.93 36.01
0.50 90.00 6.29 36.09 1.93 38.02
0.50 95.00 6.29 38.09 1.93 40.02
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-05
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-05

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-05
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-05
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-05
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 2.47 2.49 2.51 2.55 2.58 2.63 2.69 2.77 2.87 3.01 3.19 3.46 3.86 4.48 5.54 7.50
3 4.48 4.54 4.62 4.71 4.82 4.96 5.14 5.36 5.66 6.05 6.59 7.37 8.51 10.28 13.22 18.51
6 6.60 6.72 6.87 7.05 7.27 7.55 7.89 8.33 8.90 9.66 10.70 12.17 14.32 17.61 22.92 32.03
9 8.33 8.51 8.73 8.99 9.32 9.72 10.22 10.86 11.69 12.79 14.29 16.40 19.45 24.05 31.28 43.09
12 9.84 10.08 10.37 10.72 11.14 11.66 12.32 13.15 14.23 15.65 17.58 20.27 24.13 29.84 38.60 52.26
15 11.22 11.52 11.87 12.30 12.82 13.46 14.26 15.27 16.58 18.31 20.65 23.87 28.44 35.12 45.08 59.90
18 12.51 12.86 13.27 13.77 14.39 15.14 16.08 17.27 18.81 20.82 23.53 27.24 32.45 39.94 50.83 66.28
21 13.71 14.11 14.59 15.17 15.87 16.73 17.81 19.17 20.92 23.20 26.25 30.41 36.19 44.37 55.95 71.63
24 14.85 15.31 15.85 16.50 17.28 18.25 19.46 20.98 22.93 25.47 28.84 33.41 39.69 48.44 60.51 76.12

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
3 0.72 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
6 1.07 0.66 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
9 1.44 0.79 0.62 0.53 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
12 1.93 0.91 0.70 0.59 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
15 2.00 1.03 0.78 0.65 0.57 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
18 >2.00 1.14 0.85 0.70 0.61 0.54 0.50 0.50 0.50
21 >2.00 1.25 0.91 0.75 0.65 0.57 0.51 0.50 0.50
24 >2.00 1.36 0.97 0.80 0.69 0.60 0.54 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 4.48 1.99 10 0.72 0.50
1.9 4.54 1.99 15 0.57 0.50
1.8 4.62 1.99 20 0.50 0.50
1.7 4.71 1.99 25 0.50 0.50
1.6 4.82 1.99 30 0.50 0.50
1.5 4.96 1.99 35 0.50 0.50
1.4 5.14 1.99 40 0.50 0.50
1.3 5.36 1.99 45 0.50 0.50
1.2 5.66 1.99 50 0.50 0.50
1.1 6.05 1.99 55 0.50 0.50
1.0 6.59 1.99 60 0.50 0.50
0.9 7.37 1.99 65 0.50 0.50
0.8 8.51 1.99 70 0.50 0.50
0.7 10.28 1.99 75 0.50 0.50
0.6 13.22 1.99 80 0.50 0.50
0.5 18.51 1.99 85 0.50 0.50
90 0.50 0.50
95 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 1.79 0.61 2.40 3.40
1.9 1.82 0.61 2.43 3.44
1.8 1.85 0.61 2.46 3.48
1.7 1.89 0.61 2.50 3.53
1.6 1.93 0.61 2.54 3.60
1.5 1.99 0.61 2.60 3.67
1.4 2.06 0.61 2.67 3.77
1.3 2.15 0.61 2.76 3.90
1.2 2.27 0.61 2.88 4.07
1.1 2.43 0.61 3.04 4.29
1.0 2.64 0.61 3.25 4.60
0.9 2.95 0.61 3.56 5.04
0.8 3.41 0.61 4.02 5.69
0.7 4.12 0.61 4.73 6.69
0.6 5.30 0.61 5.91 8.36
0.5 7.42 0.61 8.03 11.36

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
9

8 Treated layer
settlement
7 Untreated layer
settlement
6 Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100
90

80
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

70

60
50 Column J
40
30

20
10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 7.07 0.55
15 8.03 0.50
20 8.03 0.50
25 8.03 0.50
30 8.03 0.50
35 8.03 0.50
40 8.03 0.50
45 8.03 0.50
50 8.03 0.50
55 8.03 0.50
60 8.03 0.50
65 8.03 0.50
70 8.03 0.50
75 8.03 0.50
80 8.03 0.50
85 8.03 0.50
90 8.03 0.50
95 8.03 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

0.72 10.00 1.99 4.01 0.61 4.62

0.57 15.00 1.99 6.01 0.61 6.62
0.50 20.00 1.99 8.02 0.61 8.63
0.50 25.00 1.99 10.02 0.61 10.63
0.50 30.00 1.99 12.03 0.61 12.64
0.50 35.00 1.99 14.03 0.61 14.64
0.50 40.00 1.99 16.04 0.61 16.65
0.50 45.00 1.99 18.04 0.61 18.65
0.50 50.00 1.99 20.05 0.61 20.66
0.50 55.00 1.99 22.05 0.61 22.66
0.50 60.00 1.99 24.06 0.61 24.67
0.50 65.00 1.99 26.06 0.61 26.67
0.50 70.00 1.99 28.07 0.61 28.68
0.50 75.00 1.99 30.07 0.61 30.68
0.50 80.00 1.99 32.08 0.61 32.69
0.50 85.00 1.99 34.08 0.61 34.69
0.50 90.00 1.99 36.09 0.61 36.70
0.50 95.00 1.99 38.09 0.61 38.70
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-06
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-06

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-06
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-06
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-06
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.85 0.89 0.95 1.06 1.27
3 1.31 1.32 1.32 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.43 1.47 1.53 1.61 1.73 1.93 2.25 2.87
6 1.88 1.89 1.91 1.93 1.95 1.98 2.02 2.06 2.13 2.21 2.32 2.48 2.72 3.10 3.75 4.95
9 2.33 2.35 2.37 2.40 2.44 2.48 2.54 2.60 2.70 2.82 2.99 3.23 3.59 4.15 5.11 6.88
12 2.72 2.74 2.78 2.81 2.86 2.92 2.99 3.08 3.20 3.36 3.59 3.91 4.38 5.13 6.39 8.71
15 3.07 3.10 3.14 3.18 3.24 3.31 3.40 3.52 3.67 3.87 4.15 4.54 5.13 6.06 7.61 10.47
18 3.38 3.42 3.47 3.52 3.59 3.68 3.79 3.92 4.10 4.34 4.68 5.15 5.85 6.95 8.79 12.17
21 3.68 3.72 3.78 3.84 3.92 4.02 4.15 4.31 4.52 4.80 5.18 5.73 6.54 7.82 9.94 13.82
24 3.96 4.01 4.07 4.14 4.24 4.35 4.49 4.67 4.91 5.23 5.67 6.29 7.21 8.66 11.06 15.42

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
3 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
6 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
9 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
12 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
15 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
18 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
21 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
24 0.64 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 1.31 0.63 10 0.50 0.50
1.9 1.32 0.63 15 0.50 0.50
1.8 1.32 0.63 20 0.50 0.50
1.7 1.33 0.63 25 0.50 0.50
1.6 1.35 0.63 30 0.50 0.50
1.5 1.36 0.63 35 0.50 0.50
1.4 1.38 0.63 40 0.50 0.50
1.3 1.40 0.63 45 0.50 0.50
1.2 1.43 0.63 50 0.50 0.50
1.1 1.47 0.63 55 0.50 0.50
1.0 1.53 0.63 60 0.50 0.50
0.9 1.61 0.63 65 0.50 0.50
0.8 1.73 0.63 70 0.50 0.50
0.7 1.93 0.63 75 0.50 0.50
0.6 2.25 0.63 80 0.50 0.50
0.5 2.87 0.63 85 0.50 0.50
90 0.50 0.50
95 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 0.53 0.19 0.72 1.02
1.9 0.53 0.19 0.72 1.02
1.8 0.53 0.19 0.72 1.02
1.7 0.53 0.19 0.73 1.03
1.6 0.54 0.19 0.73 1.04
1.5 0.55 0.19 0.74 1.04
1.4 0.55 0.19 0.75 1.05
1.3 0.56 0.19 0.75 1.07
1.2 0.57 0.19 0.77 1.08
1.1 0.59 0.19 0.78 1.11
1.0 0.61 0.19 0.81 1.14
0.9 0.65 0.19 0.84 1.19
0.8 0.70 0.19 0.89 1.26
0.7 0.77 0.19 0.97 1.36
0.6 0.90 0.19 1.10 1.55
0.5 1.15 0.19 1.34 1.90

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
1.6
Treated layer
1.4 settlement
Untreated layer
1.2
settlement

1 Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100
90

80
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

70

60
50 Column J
40
30

20
10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 1.34 0.50
15 1.34 0.50
20 1.34 0.50
25 1.34 0.50
30 1.34 0.50
35 1.34 0.50
40 1.34 0.50
45 1.34 0.50
50 1.34 0.50
55 1.34 0.50
60 1.34 0.50
65 1.34 0.50
70 1.34 0.50
75 1.34 0.50
80 1.34 0.50
85 1.34 0.50
90 1.34 0.50
95 1.34 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

0.50 10.00 0.63 4.01 0.19 4.20

0.50 15.00 0.63 6.01 0.19 6.21
0.50 20.00 0.63 8.02 0.19 8.21
0.50 25.00 0.63 10.02 0.19 10.22
0.50 30.00 0.63 12.03 0.19 12.22
0.50 35.00 0.63 14.03 0.19 14.23
0.50 40.00 0.63 16.04 0.19 16.23
0.50 45.00 0.63 18.04 0.19 18.24
0.50 50.00 0.63 20.05 0.19 20.24
0.50 55.00 0.63 22.05 0.19 22.25
0.50 60.00 0.63 24.06 0.19 24.25
0.50 65.00 0.63 26.06 0.19 26.26
0.50 70.00 0.63 28.07 0.19 28.26
0.50 75.00 0.63 30.07 0.19 30.27
0.50 80.00 0.63 32.08 0.19 32.27
0.50 85.00 0.63 34.08 0.19 34.28
0.50 90.00 0.63 36.09 0.19 36.28
0.50 95.00 0.63 38.09 0.19 38.29
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-07
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-07

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-07
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-07
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-07
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.28
3 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.56
6 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.76 0.89
9 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.80 0.83 0.89 0.99 1.18
12 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.99 1.06 1.20 1.45
15 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.13 1.23 1.39 1.70
18 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.14 1.19 1.26 1.38 1.57 1.95
21 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.12 1.14 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.24 1.30 1.39 1.52 1.75 2.18
24 1.17 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.30 1.34 1.41 1.51 1.66 1.92 2.42

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
3 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
6 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
9 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
12 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
15 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
18 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
21 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
24 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 0.40 0.20 10 0.50 0.50
1.9 0.40 0.20 15 0.50 0.50
1.8 0.40 0.20 20 0.50 0.50
1.7 0.41 0.20 25 0.50 0.50
1.6 0.41 0.20 30 0.50 0.50
1.5 0.41 0.20 35 0.50 0.50
1.4 0.41 0.20 40 0.50 0.50
1.3 0.41 0.20 45 0.50 0.50
1.2 0.42 0.20 50 0.50 0.50
1.1 0.42 0.20 55 0.50 0.50
1.0 0.43 0.20 60 0.50 0.50
0.9 0.43 0.20 65 0.50 0.50
0.8 0.45 0.20 70 0.50 0.50
0.7 0.47 0.20 75 0.50 0.50
0.6 0.50 0.20 80 0.50 0.50
0.5 0.56 0.20 85 0.50 0.50
90 0.50 0.50
95 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 0.16 0.06 0.22 0.31
1.9 0.16 0.06 0.22 0.32
1.8 0.16 0.06 0.22 0.32
1.7 0.16 0.06 0.22 0.32
1.6 0.16 0.06 0.22 0.32
1.5 0.16 0.06 0.22 0.32
1.4 0.16 0.06 0.23 0.32
1.3 0.17 0.06 0.23 0.32
1.2 0.17 0.06 0.23 0.32
1.1 0.17 0.06 0.23 0.32
1.0 0.17 0.06 0.23 0.33
0.9 0.17 0.06 0.23 0.33
0.8 0.18 0.06 0.24 0.34
0.7 0.19 0.06 0.25 0.35
0.6 0.20 0.06 0.26 0.37
0.5 0.23 0.06 0.29 0.40

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
0.35
Treated layer
0.3 settlement
Untreated layer
0.25 settlement
Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100
90

80
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

70

60
50 Column J
40
30

20
10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 0.29 0.50
15 0.29 0.50
20 0.29 0.50
25 0.29 0.50
30 0.29 0.50
35 0.29 0.50
40 0.29 0.50
45 0.29 0.50
50 0.29 0.50
55 0.29 0.50
60 0.29 0.50
65 0.29 0.50
70 0.29 0.50
75 0.29 0.50
80 0.29 0.50
85 0.29 0.50
90 0.29 0.50
95 0.29 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

0.50 10.00 0.20 4.01 0.06 4.07

0.50 15.00 0.20 6.01 0.06 6.08
0.50 20.00 0.20 8.02 0.06 8.08
0.50 25.00 0.20 10.02 0.06 10.09
0.50 30.00 0.20 12.03 0.06 12.09
0.50 35.00 0.20 14.03 0.06 14.10
0.50 40.00 0.20 16.04 0.06 16.10
0.50 45.00 0.20 18.04 0.06 18.11
0.50 50.00 0.20 20.05 0.06 20.11
0.50 55.00 0.20 22.05 0.06 22.12
0.50 60.00 0.20 24.06 0.06 24.12
0.50 65.00 0.20 26.06 0.06 26.13
0.50 70.00 0.20 28.07 0.06 28.13
0.50 75.00 0.20 30.07 0.06 30.14
0.50 80.00 0.20 32.08 0.06 32.14
0.50 85.00 0.20 34.08 0.06 34.14
0.50 90.00 0.20 36.09 0.06 36.15
0.50 95.00 0.20 38.09 0.06 38.15
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-08
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-08

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-08
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-08
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-08
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08
3 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14
6 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.21
9 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.27
12 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.32
15 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.36
18 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.41
21 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.45
24 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.44 0.49

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
3 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
6 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
9 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
12 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
15 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
18 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
21 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
24 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 0.13 0.06 10 0.50 0.50
1.9 0.13 0.06 15 0.50 0.50
1.8 0.13 0.06 20 0.50 0.50
1.7 0.13 0.06 25 0.50 0.50
1.6 0.13 0.06 30 0.50 0.50
1.5 0.13 0.06 35 0.50 0.50
1.4 0.13 0.06 40 0.50 0.50
1.3 0.13 0.06 45 0.50 0.50
1.2 0.13 0.06 50 0.50 0.50
1.1 0.13 0.06 55 0.50 0.50
1.0 0.13 0.06 60 0.50 0.50
0.9 0.13 0.06 65 0.50 0.50
0.8 0.13 0.06 70 0.50 0.50
0.7 0.13 0.06 75 0.50 0.50
0.6 0.14 0.06 80 0.50 0.50
0.5 0.14 0.06 85 0.50 0.50
90 0.50 0.50
95 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.9 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.8 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.7 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.6 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.5 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.4 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.3 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.2 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.1 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
1.0 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
0.9 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
0.8 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
0.7 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
0.6 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.10
0.5 0.06 0.02 0.08 0.11

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
0.09

0.08 Treated layer

settlement
0.07 Untreated layer
settlement
0.06 Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100
90

80
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

70

60
50 Column J
40
30

20
10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 0.08 0.50
15 0.08 0.50
20 0.08 0.50
25 0.08 0.50
30 0.08 0.50
35 0.08 0.50
40 0.08 0.50
45 0.08 0.50
50 0.08 0.50
55 0.08 0.50
60 0.08 0.50
65 0.08 0.50
70 0.08 0.50
75 0.08 0.50
80 0.08 0.50
85 0.08 0.50
90 0.08 0.50
95 0.08 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

0.50 10.00 0.06 4.01 0.02 4.03

0.50 15.00 0.06 6.01 0.02 6.03
0.50 20.00 0.06 8.02 0.02 8.04
0.50 25.00 0.06 10.02 0.02 10.04
0.50 30.00 0.06 12.03 0.02 12.05
0.50 35.00 0.06 14.03 0.02 14.05
0.50 40.00 0.06 16.04 0.02 16.06
0.50 45.00 0.06 18.04 0.02 18.06
0.50 50.00 0.06 20.05 0.02 20.07
0.50 55.00 0.06 22.05 0.02 22.07
0.50 60.00 0.06 24.06 0.02 24.08
0.50 65.00 0.06 26.06 0.02 26.08
0.50 70.00 0.06 28.07 0.02 28.09
0.50 75.00 0.06 30.07 0.02 30.09
0.50 80.00 0.06 32.08 0.02 32.10
0.50 85.00 0.06 34.08 0.02 34.10
0.50 90.00 0.06 36.09 0.02 36.11
0.50 95.00 0.06 38.09 0.02 38.11
 Description Legends Units Value
Depth of clay layer H m 10.00
Bulk Density of clay layer g2 g/cm3 1.40
Coefficient of consolidation in Vertical Direction Cvz cm /sec
2
1.00E-09
Relation between Cvz and Cvr 1
Coefficient of consolidation in Horizontal Direction Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-09

Height of working platform Hwp m 2.00

Density of working platform g1 g/cm 3
1.80

Height of embankment He m 1.00

Density of embankment material g3 g/cm3 1.80

INPUT FOR TREATED LAYER

Height of band drain Hsd m 5.00
Value of CVZ Cvz cm2/sec 1.00E-09
Value of CVR Cvr cm2/sec 1.00E-09
Drainage Condition Double as SD
Sand Drain Diameter d cm 6.50

Time of Sand Drains t months 3.00

Drain lay out
Triangular 3
Square 4
Pattern of sand drain 3
Input for Smear Zone
Radius of Drain well rw cm 3.25
Relation between rw and rs 1
Radius of Smear Zone rs cm 3.25
Permeability of soil in horizontal direction Kh 1.00
Relation between Kh and Ks 1
Permeability of smear zone Ks 1.00

INPUT FOR UNTREATED LAYER

Thickness of Bottom Clay Layer Hcl m 5.00
CV of bottom clay layer Cv cm2/sec 1.00E-09
Drainage Condition
Single 1
Double 2
Drainage Condition 1

SETTLEMENT OF CLAY LAYER SUBJECTED TO SAND DRAINS

Settlement of treated layer cm 40.10
Settlement of untreated layer cm 30.62
Total Settlement of clay layer cm 70.71
Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
24

21

Time (Months)
18

10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time
Time Spacing (m)
Months 2.00 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.00 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
3 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
6 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
9 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
12 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09
15 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10
18 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11
21 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12
24 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation for varying Time

100

90

80
Time B/D
70
1 Month
3 Month
60 6 Month
9 Month
50
U%

12 Month
15 Month
40 18 Month
21 Month
30 24 Month

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)
Time Percent Consolidation (U %)
Months 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
3 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
6 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
9 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
12 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
15 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
18 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
21 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
24 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Time for Varying Percent Consolidation (U%)

24

21
Time (Months)

18
"Consolidation %"
10
15 %
20
%
12 30
%
40
9 %
50
%
6 60
%

0
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated layer (%)

% Consolidation

Spacing in m for

Spacing in m for
Consolidation of

Consolidation of
Untreated layer

Untreated layer
Treated layer
Spacing in m

(%)
2.0 0.04 0.02 10 0.50 0.50
1.9 0.04 0.02 15 0.50 0.50
1.8 0.04 0.02 20 0.50 0.50
1.7 0.04 0.02 25 0.50 0.50
1.6 0.04 0.02 30 0.50 0.50
1.5 0.04 0.02 35 0.50 0.50
1.4 0.04 0.02 40 0.50 0.50
1.3 0.04 0.02 45 0.50 0.50
1.2 0.04 0.02 50 0.50 0.50
1.1 0.04 0.02 55 0.50 0.50
1.0 0.04 0.02 60 0.50 0.50
0.9 0.04 0.02 65 0.50 0.50
0.8 0.04 0.02 70 0.50 0.50
0.7 0.04 0.02 75 0.50 0.50
0.6 0.04 0.02 80 0.50 0.50
0.5 0.04 0.02 85 0.50 0.50
90 0.50 0.50
95 0.50 0.50

Variation of Spacing with Percent Consolidation (U%) for Treated and Untreated layer of
clay
100
% Consolidtion

90

80

70

60
Treated Layer
50 Untreated Layer
40

30

20

10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Treated Layer in

Untreated Layer

Total Settlement

Consolidation in
Settlement of

Settlement of
Spacing in m

Cumulative
in cm
in cm
cm

%
2.0 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.9 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.8 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.7 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.6 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.5 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.4 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.3 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.2 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.1 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
1.0 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.9 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.8 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.7 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.6 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.5 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03

Variation of Spacing with Settlement for Treated and Untreated layer of Clay
0.025
Treated layer
settlement
0.02 Untreated layer
settlement
Total settlement
Settlement (cm)

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25

Spacing (m)
 Variation of Spacing with Cumulative Consolidation in %
100
90

80
Cumulative Consolidation (%)

70

60
50 Column J
40
30

20
10

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
Spacing (m)
Total Settlement
Consolidation in

Spacing in m
in cm
%

10 0.02 0.50
15 0.02 0.50
20 0.02 0.50
25 0.02 0.50
30 0.02 0.50
35 0.02 0.50
40 0.02 0.50
45 0.02 0.50
50 0.02 0.50
55 0.02 0.50
60 0.02 0.50
65 0.02 0.50
70 0.02 0.50
75 0.02 0.50
80 0.02 0.50
85 0.02 0.50
90 0.02 0.50
95 0.02 0.50
Spacing for consolidation

Consolidation of Treated

Settlement of Untreated

Total settlement in cm
Settlement of Treated
Untreated layer in %
of Treated layer in m

Consolidation of

layer in cm

layer in cm
layer in %

0.50 10.00 0.02 4.01 0.01 4.02

0.50 15.00 0.02 6.01 0.01 6.02
0.50 20.00 0.02 8.02 0.01 8.03
0.50 25.00 0.02 10.02 0.01 10.03
0.50 30.00 0.02 12.03 0.01 12.04
0.50 35.00 0.02 14.03 0.01 14.04
0.50 40.00 0.02 16.04 0.01 16.05
0.50 45.00 0.02 18.04 0.01 18.05
0.50 50.00 0.02 20.05 0.01 20.06
0.50 55.00 0.02 22.05 0.01 22.06
0.50 60.00 0.02 24.06 0.01 24.07
0.50 65.00 0.02 26.06 0.01 26.07
0.50 70.00 0.02 28.07 0.01 28.08
0.50 75.00 0.02 30.07 0.01 30.08
0.50 80.00 0.02 32.08 0.01 32.09
0.50 85.00 0.02 34.08 0.01 34.09
0.50 90.00 0.02 36.09 0.01 36.09
0.50 95.00 0.02 38.09 0.01 38.10