CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The education sector advances every year by at least 3%. This percentage accounts for the
increase in the number of students being enrolled in the education sector, the increase in the
number of teachers and educational institutions. These institutions have advanced in their
organizational structure from the top offices to the classrooms in order to achieve maximum
efficiency and improved standard of education.

Here the main focus is in the classroom organization and the most important instructional
medium used in the teaching-learning process “The chalkboard”
The chalkboard is a flat, vertical writing surface on which anything can be inscribed by means of
a piece of chalk. The device is generally used for educational purposes, but it can also be found
in the workplace, the home, and restaurants. The chalkboard can be manufactured from a variety
of materials, porcelain enamel is the most common material used today. The origins of the
chalkboard date back to the early decades of the 19th century. Mr. James Pillans is regarded as
the inventor of the chalkboard (or blackboard). He was the Headmaster of a high school in
Edinburgh, Scotland. However, the experts on the history of the chalkboard aren’t sure when he
invented it. He was using it to teach geography in the school and that he was using a chalk. The
device was first employed in the US in 1801. A teacher at West Point named George Baron used
the chalkboard for his math class.

Prior to 1801, teachers couldn’t present their concepts and ideas in a visual manner. In most
classes, students employed slates. The material was made of wood and covered with black grit.
Other slates were made of porcelain. It was where students used to write their lessons.

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Because there were no chalkboards, the teaching process was tedious. If a teacher wanted the
students to solve a math equation, they would go to every student. The instructor would write the
math problem on the slate. To make matters worse, not all students had slates.

Teachers and school administrators quickly realized how convenient it can be. The device
allowed them to explain concepts easily to large numbers of students. The chalk allowed them to
replace the chalkboard’s contents too, it could be erased and another other contents written.

Fifty years after its introduction to the US, the chalkboard had become a mainstay in almost all
schools, its use spread to the whole world.

The invention of the chalkboard evolved and has lead to the development of education systems
As the education sector increases yearly, the teachers are becoming more worked up. Teachers
are faced with the task of presenting content on the chalkboard and constantly having to rub off
the work to create space for more content. The rubbing is done manually by the teacher and this
proves to be tedious when a lot of content needs to be presented and also a problem of health
hazards as a result of chalk dust.

Therefore a need arises for an automated chalkboard eraser which can ease the workload of the
teachers in cleaning up a dirty chalkboard. For in this project, the designer intents to design a
chalkboard that can automatically be rubbed using an electric geared motor or one that can be
rubbed manually if there is no supply of electric power or for those who find the coast of the first
quite expensive.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The two main categories of chalkboard are the fixed wall and portable chalkboards. They are
manufactured in a variety of sizes, styles, and colors but in all of them, they are rubbed by hand
using a small eraser of about 30mm by 110mm which has to be moved to and fro up and down to
rub the whole surface of the chalkboard. This proves to be tedious especially when a lot of
content has to be represented and the chalkboard size cannot accommodate all the content at
once. Some teachers after finishing the lesson live without cleaning the chalkboard and the task
is left to the next teacher who has to teach the class.

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1.3 PURPOSE OF THE DESIGN PROJECT STUDY

One of man’s most fundamental needs is safety needs. This includes security in one’s life,
freedom from bodily harm and threats. The purpose of the study is to design a chalkboard that
can be automatically rubbed and greatly decreases the hazards caused by chalk dust when
rubbing the chalkboard using small erasers.

In addition to this, the product should also reduce on the task levied on teachers of cleaning the
chalkboard and reducing on their tedious work. This will give the teacher more time to
concentrate and proved more in the teaching-learning process to the students.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE DESIGN STUDY

In order to realize results, the following objectives /activities have been performed:

1. Carry out need/market analysis

2. Project design specifications

3. Generate product candidate solutions and selection of the best candidate

solution

4. Making detailed designed schemes for each of the chosen product solution.

5. Processing and realization of the product according to the detailed scheme

6. Testing, assessing and evaluation of the product

7. Marketing sales and after-sales services of the product.

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1.5 WORK PLAN

ACTIVITIES DURATION
FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
Need/ market analysis

Writing project design

specification (PDS)
Generation and selection of the
best candidate solution
Detailed design of the product

Processing and product realization

Testing and assessing and

evaluation of the product
Sales and after-sales services

1.6 METHODOLOGY

Information about the design study was gathered by use of secondary and primary means of data
collection

• Secondary Data

This involves reviewing literature such as textbooks, literature from other scholars, the
internet (wed sites), and the library.

• Primary Data

This involves collecting first hand data from the end users through face to face
interviews, questionnaires and comments from the end users of the product

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The sample selection and size of the subject of the study mainly consisted of teachers, students in
Universities pursuing a course in Education.

1.7 LIMITATIONS TO THE PROJECT STUDY

The following were the constraints that mostly hindered the design project study;

• Time

• Finance to facilitate the design project study

• Materials required for realization and design project study

• People to give support during the study

• Little or too much information

This project study demanded a lot time, research of data and a well equipped workshop and all
this coupled with the semester load. Most of the components were difficult to get because the
devise had specific dimension which hard to get in the market.

1.8 DELIMITATIONS

Concerning time factors, the project designer maximized the use of weekends in order to
complete the project within the period.

The project study designer looked toward Kyambogo University to facilitate the project. The
student provided most of the material by financial support from friends and family.

Since the researcher resides within the location, that is, Kampala, this made data collection more
simple and easy and also helped to save on time and money using the workshops nearby.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
A literature survey on the existing design was conducted prior to the design process. Information
was got from the library and internet.

Since the introduction of the chalk board in the 19 th century, it has evolved. In recent days, the
Whiteboard is being used for educational and business purposes. A whiteboard is a board made
of melamine, painted enamel on steel, or porcelain. Using erasable markers, its non-porous
surface allows it to be used like a chalkboard

The chalkboard was commonly used in schools and businesses but the awareness about allergies
to chalk created a need for an alternative to the chalkboard. As computers became more
commonplace, it became evident that dust from chalkboards was a hazard to electronics.

There isn't an individual credited with the invention of the whiteboard. The first whiteboards
were introduced in the 1960s. Claridge Products was the first company to mass produce the
porcelain on steel whiteboards

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The whiteboard is used like a chalkboard

Today the whiteboard is more than a substitute chalkboard. It is a high-tech teaching tool. Boards
interact with computers and allow teachers and students to surf the internet and write using touch
screen technology. They are also widely used for business presentations.

One very popular variety of chalkboards is the one made of smooth porcelain on steel magnetic
surface. A sturdy chalkboard like this comes with a manufacturer's warranty that covers the
board for several years. A board made with porcelain and steel can work as a magnetic surface in
addition to functioning as a chalkboard. These kinds of boards are generally framed in natural
oak or satin anodized aluminum. They also come with a full-length chalk rail that can be used to
keep chalks, erasers and other small accessories

There are also chalkboards made of specially treated hardboard and is given a durable, baked on
enameled finish. To go with the classy surface these boards are framed in natural oak or
anodized aluminum. The hard, durable surface of these boards offers a surface that aids clean
writing and easy erasing. These boards are made available in both green and black.

Multi-task chalkboards are widely used in educational institutions. These kinds of boards need a
special kind of framing to provide for the various planned tasks. Special attachments for holding
books and stands for other accessories can be added to these framed boards as well.

2.2 Pictorial views of various chalkboard types and erases.

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8|Page
 CHAPTER THREE

NEED/MARKET ANALYSIS

3.0 Introduction

The proposed auto erasing chalk board device market targets the teachers in various teaching
institutes especially the higher institutions of learning. This chapter focused on the need/market
for the product to be designed and how wide the market/need is.

3.1 Market survey administration

The target groups comprises of lectures, teachers and students offering education in the various
faculties in Kyambogo University and in other institutes of learning in Kampala district
The tools used for the data collection are mainly questionnaires and interview approach.

3.2 Population sample

The sample composed of 30 respondents: 22 of the respondents where student pursuing courses
in education and 8 were already teachers in the field.

Respondents No. of respondents Percentage

Student teachers 22 73.3
Teachers / lectures 08 26.7
Total 30 100

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3.3 Data analysis

Data analysis was done after administering the questionnaire. The tools used were tables of
results where the frequencies and percentages were calculated. This data was used to quantify the
needs or the specifications of the people to be considered in the making of the product to be
designed.

3.4 Discussion of the results from the questionnaires

Question 1: How often do use the chalk-board for displaying your content in class?
Results table 1
Options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Yes 30 100
No 00 0
Total 30 100

From the above table, 100% of the respondents said they often use the chalkboard when in the
teaching process.

Question 2: Do you always find problem using a chalk-board in class?

Result table 2
options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Yes 19 63.3
No 11 36.7
Total 30 100

From the above, it’s evident that people usually have some problems using the chalkboards with
its eraser. Therefore this calls for the need of a new design that can solve the current problem
faced.

Question 3: If yes, what is the problem?

Result table 3
options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)

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 Using the chalk 08 26.7
Rubbing the chalk-board 19 63.3
Others, specify 03 10
Total 30 100

From the above results, 26.7% of the respondents had problems using the chalk while 63.3% of
them had problems rubbing the chalkboard when it’s dirty, 10% of the respondents had other
problems like the position of the chalkboard, and its portability. This justifies the need of a
device that solves the problem of rubbing the chalkboard.

Question 4: If b), do you think it is necessary to design an auto erasing chalk-board to

address the problem?

Results table 4

options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)

Yes 21 70
No 7 23.3
Undecided 2 6.7
Total 30 100

From the results of table 4, 70% of the respondents agree the there is need to design an
automated erasing chalkboard, 23.3% say it’s not that necessary to design an automated erasing
chalkboard and 6.7 are not so sure or undecided. This result shows that the project is necessary in
the market.

Question 5: What type of chalk-board would you prefer?

Results table 5
Options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Portable chalkboard 13 43.3
Wall chalkboard 17 56.7
Total 30 100

56.7% of the respondents prefer a permanent wall chalkboard while 43.3% prefer a portable

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chalkboard. This necessitates that the designer should came up with a design of a chalk board
that a wall chalkboard and a portable one too.

Question 6: What type of material(s) would be most appropriate for the chalkboard?
Results table 6
options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Timber 9 30
Steel 5 16.7
Plastic 2 6.7
Timber and steel 8 26.6
Others, specify 6 20
Total 30 100

The results of table 6 show that the most preferred material of the chalkboard is timber and this is
followed by a mixture of timber and steel. 20% of the respondents specified a different material,
most preferable concert for the wall chalkboards. From this analysis, the device will mainly
consist of timber.
Question 7: What colour do you prefer the chalk-board to be?
Results table 7
options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Black 26 86.7
Green 1 3.3
Coffee brown 3 10
Total 30 100

Most of the respondents prefer a black chalkboard

Question 8: What means of operation would you like for the device?

Result table 8

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options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Manually operated 15 50
Electrically operated 15 50
Total 30 100

The results from table 8, indicates that both the manually and electrically operated mechanism of
rubbing are equally demanded. Therefore both will be designed and the customers will then buy
the one they want.

Question 9: Select the type of finishes for the frame of the device you think would bring out
the best appearance as per the selected colour in 7 above.
Result table 9
options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
High gloss paint 5 16.7
Clear vanish 15 50
Silver paint 2 6.7
Others, specify 8 26.6
Total 30 100

Table 9 results indicate that 50% of the respondents like the clear vanish on the device.

Question 10: What would be the likely causes of damage to this device?
Result table 10
options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Environmental damage 2 5.35
Mechanical damage 2 5.35
Mishandling 16 53.3
Undecided 10 33.3
Total 30 100

53.3% of the respondents predict the cause of damage to be from mishandling.

Question 11: How much would you be willing to pay for an auto erasing chalk-board that
meets your requirement?
Result table 11
options Frequency(F) Percentages (%)
Less than 100.000/= 8 26.7
100,000 – 150,000/= 12 40

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 150,000 – 200,000/= 8 26.7
200,000-250,000/= 2 6.6
Total 30 100

The results of table 11 clearly indicate that most the respondents do not want to pay a lot for the
device.
In summary, according to the users there is need for an automated erasing chalkboard that is
mostly made out of timber, the colour should be black, either manually or electrically operated,
having a clear vanish finish and the device cost should be around 100,000/= to 150,000/=
respectively.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

4.0 Introduction
The product design specification was generated from the need/market analysis assessment made
in Kyambogo University in Kampala. The information for the design specification was obtained
through questionnaires that were administered to the sample population and analyzed.

4.1 Scope of the specification

The product design specification covered the requirements for the design, manufacture, operation
and others as discussed below.

4.1.1 Performance/Function
In order for the system to work, the designer put the following into consideration
 The device must be placed on a flat stable base
 The eraser of the device should be able to move horizontally over the writing area.
 The eraser should be able to be removed so that it can be cleaned.

4.1.2 Environment
The device is device is designed to be use in an environment which is damp free, free of shock
loading and insect attack.

4.1.3 Aesthetics
Consideration should be taken such that devices’ colour and texture of the writing area should be
clearly visible to the audience.

4.1.4 Materials
The device will mainly compose of wood and metal and the materials must withstand the

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working environment.

4.1.5 Life span

The life span of the product should be about 10 years.

4.1.6 Ergonomics
The product should be user friendly and easy to operate by the end users and permitting easy
viewing of the written content.

4.1.6 Customer.
The auto-erasing chalkboard will be designed for the institutions of learning. However, it can
also be customized to an individual’s specification to suit other needs like personal chalkboards,
display of notices at conferences and at businesses.

4.1.6 Quantity.
The product will be produced according to the rate of demand of the end users and when fully
established on the market, one unit will be produced per week.

4.1.7 Testing
The product will be tested to ascertain whether it satisfy the requirements of the design
specifications.

4.1.8 Time scales

Market investigation to first prototype – six months.

4.1.9 Manufacturing facility

The device will be manufactured in the Nakawa Vocational Training Institute workshop
Kyambogo University Workshop and

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 CHAPTER FIVE
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

5.0 Introduction

In trying to reach a solution of the design problems, various ideas were put on the table to come
up with a mechanism that can move the chalkboard eraser in a reciprocating motion in order to
erase the chalk dust from the surface of the chalkboard.

5.1 Possible solutions the horizontal reciprocating mechanism

5.1.1 Solution 1
Rack and pinion

Advantage
 This mechanism can easily overcome the frictional force of the eraser

Disadvantage
 It is very bulky and expensive to make.

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5.1.2 Solution 2

Slotted yoke mechanism

Advantages
 It’s easy to construct
 It’s light in weight

Disadvantage
 The stroke length does not cover the whole length of the writing area

5.1.3 Solution 3
Shaper mechanism

Advantages
 This mechanism is very efficient and overcomes the frictional forces produced by the
movement of the eraser.

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Disadvantages
 It is a quick return mechanism
 It’s very bulky and expensive to make or buy.

5.1.4 Solution 4
Chain and sprocket mechanism

Advantages
 Eraser moves the whole length of the writing area.
 Its light and not expensive to make
 It can be made to fit any size of chalkboard

Disadvantages
 Due to the center distance, chain lags

5.1.5 Selection of the best solution

Looking at the possible solution of the mechanism from 1 to 4 to evaluate effectiveness and

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efficiency of the designed project and basing on the advantages and disadvantages (limitations)
given above of all the solutions, solution 4 was selected to be the most viable
The main components of the mechanism include:
 Chain
 Sprocket
 Gear motor

5.2 Components of Mechanism selected

5.2.1 Chain drives

A chain drive consists of an endless chain wrapped around two sprockets. The chain consists of a
number of links connected by pin joints.
Chains have a number of parts. The roller turns freely on the bushing, which is attached on each
end to the Inner plate. A pin passes through the bushing, and is attached at each end to the outer
plate.

5.2.2 Sprockets
Sprockets are toothed wheels with a special profile for teeth upon which a chain rides

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There are different constructions for sprocket wheels. Small sprockets up to 10mm in diameter
are usually made of a disk or a solid disk with a hub on one side and they are machined from low
carbon steel. (Fig a, b)

Large sprockets with more than 100mm diameter are either welded to steel hubs or bolted to cast
iron hubs (fig c, d)

(c) (d)

5.2.3 Gear motor

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Gear motors are complete motive force systems consisting of an electric motor and a reduction
gear train integrated into one easy-to-mount and -configure package. This greatly reduces the
complexity and cost of designing and constructing power tools, machines and appliances calling
for high torque at relatively low shaft speed or RPM. Gear motors allow the use of economical
low-horsepower motors to provide great motive force at low speed such as in lifts, winches,
medical tables, jacks and robotics.

CHAPTER SIX

DETAILED COMPONENT DESIGN

6.1 DESIGN OF CHAIN DRIVE

Designing a chain drive to connect a 50W, 43 rpm gear motor to drive the mechanism at 43rpm,
service condition involves moderate shocks.

( KW ¿ be transmitted )∗Ks
KW rating of chain =
K1×K 2

Where: Ks = service factor= 1.3

K1 = multiple factor = 1.0

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 K2 = tooth correction factor = 1.0

Also taking driving wheel to have 17 teeth, Z1=17

50× 1.3
KW rating of chain =
1× 1

= 65W

KW rating of chain = 0.065KW

6.1.1 Selection of proper roller chain

The device will contain 4 sprockets of the same diameter and number of teeth and this needs 2
chains

First chain

From table 14.2, chain 06B is selected. Power rating of chain 06B at 50 rpm is 0.14KW

06B information

 Pitch P = 9.525mm
 Roller diameter d1= 6.35mm
 Width b1= 5.72mm

Pitch circle diameter:

Of driving sprocket D1

P
180
D1=
sin ( )
Z1

9 .525
180
=
sin ( )
17

=51.84mm

For driven sprocket D2

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 From Z2 = Z1
( nn 12 )
Z2 = 17
(4343 ) = 17 teeth

P 9 . 525
180 180
D2 =
sin
Z2 ( ) =
sin
17 ( )
= 51.84mm

Number of chain links

Center distance = 1436.68mm

a Z 1+Z 2 Z 2−Z 1 2 P
Ln= 2
P
+
2( )(
+
2π
×
a )( ) ()
1436 . 68 17+17 17−17 2 9 . 525
=
2( 9 .525
+
2
+ )(
2π
× )(
1436 . 68 ) ( )
= 301.67+17+0

= 318.67~319 links

Correct center distance between sprockets

2
a=
P
4 {[
Ln−
Z 1+Z 2
2 (+ )] √[ Ln−(Z 1+Z 2
2 )] [−8
Z 2−Z 1
2π ]}
2

9. 525
{302+ √ (302 )2 −0 }
= 4

= 1438.275mm

To provide small slag, center distance is reduced by 0.002a

a= 0.998×1438.275

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 = 1435.39~1435.4mm

Second chain

Sprocket 3 and 4 are equal to 1 and 2

Therefore, D1=D2=D3= D4= 51.84mm

Also n1=n2=n3=n4 =17 teeth

Number of links

Center distance= 663.18mm

a Z 3+Z 4 Z 3−Z 4 2 P
Ln= 2
P
+ ( )(
2
+
2π )(
×
a ) ()
663 .18 17+17 17−17 2 9 .525
=
2( 9 .525
+
2)(+
2π
× )(
663 . 18 ) ( )
= 156.25 ~ 156 links

Correct center distance between sprockets 3 and 4

2
a=
P
4 {[
Ln−
Z 3+ Z 4
2 ( + )] √[ Ln−(Z 3+ Z 4
2 )] [−8
Z 3−Z 4
2π ]}
2

9. 525
{ 139+ √ ( 139 )2−0 }
= 4

= 519.113mm

To provide small slag, center distance is reduced by 0.002a

a= 0.998×519.113

=518.07mm

6.1.2 PROPERTIES OF DRIVING SPROCKET WHEEL

Given data of chain

 P=9.525
 d1=6.35
 b1=5.72

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  Z=17 teeth
 D=51.84mm

(Da) max =D+1.25P-d1

= 51.84+1.25(9.525)-6.35

= 57.396~57.40mm

1. 6
(Da) min =D + P
( 1− )
Z -d1

1. 6
=
(
51. 84+9 .525 1−
17 ) −6 .35

= 54.12mm

57. 40+54. 12
Therefore outer diameter Da = 2

= 55.76~56mm

Root diameter;

(ri)max= 0.505d1+0.069√3 d 1

= 0.505(6.35) + 0.069 (√3 6 . 35 )

= 3.33MM

(ri) min = 0.505d1

=3.21mm

Roller seating radius ri= 3.27mm

Root diameter Df =D-2ri

= 51.84-2(3.27)

= 45.3mm

Tooth flank radius re

(re) max = 0.008d1(Z2+180)

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 = 0.008(6.35)×(172+180)

= 0.008(6.35)×(469)

=23.8252mm~23.83mm

(re) min = 0.12d1(Z+2)

= 0.12(6.35) × (17+2)

= 14.478mm~14.48mm

Therefore tooth flank radius re = 19.2mm

Tooth side radius rx

rx = P = 9.535mm

Tooth width bf1 for P≤12.7mm

bf1= 0.93b1

= 0.93(5.72)

= 5.32mm

Tooth side relief ba = 0.1P to 0.15P

= 0.1(9.525) to 0.15(9.525)

= 0.9525 to 1.42875

= 1.191mm~1.2mm

6.2 CALCULATION OF WEIGHT

Selected wood; Mahogany, Density = 600.000kg/m3

Frame A
 Length=1640mm
 Width = 60mm
 Height= 42.43mm

V =L×W×H

= 1640× 60 ×42.43

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 = 4175112mm3

= 4.175×10-3m3

Mass = D×V

= 600×4.175×10-3m3

= 2.505 Kg

Frame B

 Length = 940mm
 Width = 60mm
 Height =42.43mm

V =L×W×H

=940×60×42.43

= 2393052mm3

= 2.393×10-3m3

Mass = D×V

= 600×2.393×10-3m3

= 1.436Kg

Ply wood

 Length=1600mm
 Width =10mm
 Height = 900mm

V =L×W×H

=1600×10×900

= 1440000mm3

= 1.44×10-3m3

Mass = D×V

= 600×1.44×10-3m3

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 =0.864Kg ~1Kg

Rubber holder

Part a; 15× 105 ×71

= 1.11825×10-4m3 = 0.067

2(0.067) = 0.134Kg

Part b; 71 ×1035 ×15

= 1.102275 ×10-3m3

600×1.102275 ×10-3m3 = 0.661Kg

Total 0.134+0.661=0.795

0.795+0.661= 1.456Kg

PART No OFF WEIGHT

Frame A 2 off 5.01Kg
Frame B 2 off 2.872Kg
Ply wood 1 off 1 Kg
Eraser holder 1 0ff 1.456Kg
Total 10.338Kg

Selecting safe weight = 12Kg

1Kg = 10N

12Kg = (12*10)N

120N

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FBD

. 60N

Ra

Ra = 60N

BMD

L1=50mm

Ma

L1
Ma=60×
1000

50
Ma= 60× 1000

= 3Nm

Shaft diameter

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 Ma
d≥
√
3

0.1 [ σ ] b
where[σ ]b= allowable bending stress

1.7
[σ ]b= ×0.33[σ ]u, [σ ]u= ultimate tensile strength
3.8

Material of steel selected is 30C8

[σ ]u = 500N/mm2

= 500×106N/m2

1.7
[σ ]b = ×0.33(500×106)
3.8

= 73815789.47N/m2

3
d≥
√
3
0.1(73815789.47)

= 7.4mm

Therefore diameter of support shafts = 7.4mm

CHAPTER SEVEN

DETAILED COMPONENT DRAWINGS

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 CHAPTER EIGHT

REALIZATION OF THE PROJECT

8.1 Framing
The frame work is made of timber and joined together by mean of timber joint, gluing and then
nailing.

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8.2 Sanding
The surfaces of the frame and all the joins have been cleaned using sand papers to provide
smooth surface and free from dirt so as to afford painting.

8.3 Finishing
The timber frames have been finished by applying paint.

8.4 Price for the furniture

In the need and market survey analysis, most of the respondent were willing to pay around
100,000/= to 150,000/=. Due to the high inflation rates in Uganda today, realizing the project
proved difficult due to the high prices of the materials in the market.
PART / COMPONENTS QTY COST
Electric motor (9 RPM) 1(12v DC) 50,000
Power supply unite 1 45,000
Bicycle sprocket 4 32,000
Bicycle Chain 3 12,000
Metal bars 2m(40×20) 15,000
Clear vanish 1 ltr 10,000
Sanding sealer ½ ltr 6,000
Sand paper 1 meter 3,000
Plywood (5ply)122x80 cm 1 95,000
Black paint 1 ltr 3500
Roller bearings (Ø 30) 2 10,000
Wood glue ½ ltr 6,000
Timber 15 ×30 12,000

CHAPTER NINE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

9.1 Conclusion
The project was designed from a combination of ideas got as a result of brainstorming, research
from internet and consultations from the general public and my supervisor. It is basically

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responses to the product design specifications which were drawn as a result of need assessment
of the project. The following observations were made for the project design study:
 There was need for the device.

 The respondents also believe that they will be able to afford the product at a price
ranging between 100,000 and 150,000 shillings.

 The respondents also asserted that the device be made mostly of timber.

9.2 Recommendations

 Caution should be taken when using the device as the likely cause of damage to the
product will be miss handling or miss use.

 The design of product should be such that it can be adopted for use where there is electric
supply or it can be manually operated.

9.3 Areas for further improvement on the project design

The height and general size of the product can be improved to be able to accommodate a much
larger audience

REFERENCES

I. Mwakabutu N, (2003) Sazawa Martin Universal Design Berkeley Classic Foldaway

Table in Int Conf on Industrial Design Engineering (USDM), Dar Es salam)..
II. Randy Kroken (2006) Own Home Office Furniture wood gat furniture for developing
countries, in development in, Banff, Canada.

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 III. Melanie Fasciato (1992), Designs and Technology matters, Publish by Stanley Thorners
Publishers Limited.
IV. Design of Machine Elements.

APPENDIX

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