Group: Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh – 1852202010003

Trần Quỳnh Diệp – 1852202010008

Bùi Phương Hoa – 1852202010024
Trần Minh Duy – 1852202010014

UNIT 5: COMPANY LAW

-Regulation: act of regulating by a rule of conduct or order usually issued by a

government agency or established authority having the force of law.
-Business entity: legally recognized organizational structure designed to provide and
sells goods and services .
-Company: (UK) institution created to conduct business, usually an association of
person. It exists as a separate legal entity from the owners (share holders). In common
usage, it is sometimes used just to refer to a business.
-Shareholding members: those who invest money in a business entity and receive shares
in return representing a proportional ownership.
-Limited liability: limitation of an owner/investor’s financial or responsibility, usually
limited to the value od a person’s investment in a company or partnership.
-Personality: sometimes called an artificial person or legal entity/person. It is legal
fiction of identity in law which allows natural persons to act as if they were a single
composite individual for certain purpose such as creating a business entity or structure. It
has legal rights, duties and obligations.
-Sole proprietor: single person who earns all the profit and is personally liable for all the
debts or losses of business structure.
-Publicly listed company: business structure which is permitted to offer its shares for
sale to the general public and traded on the public stock exchange.
-Shareholder: owners of a share of a company/corporations through a proportionate
ownership interest of a stock or equity.
-Shareholder members: those who invest money in a business entity and receive share
in return representing a proportional ownership.
-Board of directors: group of individuals elected by shareholders to make the major
decisions of the company.
-Creditors: person or company who is owned a financial obligation.
-Third parties: person who is not party to an agreement or an action but who may have
an interest in it.
-Company formation: process of registering a company. Companies can be created by
individuals, agents, attorneys or accountants. The majority of companies formed in the
UK and the USA today are formed electronicall.
-Certificate of incorporation: document issued by a governmental authority granting a
company status as a legal entity.
-Constitutional documents: document with define the existence of a legal entity and
regulate the structure and control of the entity and its members. The exact form of the
constitution.
-Statutory forms (stature): standardized documents of basic corporate constitution
requirements, which a company may adopt in the creation of a company. These help
define the existence of the company, regulate the legal and financial structure and control
of the company, and organize the company’s internal affairs and management.
-File: to deliver a document to the custody or records of a court or proper authorities for
the purpose of being kept as a matter of record and reference.
-Memorandum of association: (UK) legal document that sets out the important
elements of the corporation, including it’s name, address, objects and powers. It is one of
the two fundamental documents upon which registration of a company is based on (US
articles of incorporation).
-Articles of association: (UK) document that defines a company’s internal organization
(US bylaws).
-Corporate personally: the existence of a company as a legal person.
-Corporate rights: the rights that a corporate has, also the protections offered to
corporations, also includes the rights and privileges offered to corporations by the law or
the states.
-Business vehicle: the types of business entity.
-A stakeholder: someone with a direct interest, investment or involvement in a business,
such as shareholder, employer, suppler or customer.
-A non-affiliated stakeholders: is not directly controlled by or join to the business in
question, so is limited to customers, suppliers and other independent people affected by
the activities of the business, such as neighbors.

UNIT 6: COMMERCIAL LAW

- Private law: affects the rights and obligations of individuals, families, businesses and
small groups and exists to assist citizens in disputes that involve private matters.
-Public law: Deals with issues that affect the general public or state - society as a whole.
-Mercatitle agency: A mercantile agency acts similar to a credit rating agency, but only
focuses on the business side of credit evaluation and does not maintain consumer credit
files.
-Mortgage: A mortgage is a type of loan designed for buying a home. Mortgage loans
allow buyers to break up their payments over a set number of years, paying an agreed
amount of interest.
-Contemporary: existing or happening now.
-Contentious legal work: relates to legal matters that take place between two or more
parties, such as a court hearing or a tribunal hearing to resolve a dispute.
-Non-contentious legal work: relates to transactions occuring between one or more
parties.
-Ratify: to approve and agree to formally and officially, especially in writing.
-Precise legal term: The exactness of the legal term.
-Salvage: The goods retrieved after the destruction or damage of a building or other
property, or the value of those goods.
-Procure: get hold of
-Fuelled by: Impused by
-Brought to an end: Lead to the end
-Goodwill: Kindness
-Deviate : Destroy
-Consent: Agreement
-Commission: payment to someone who sells goods which is directly related to the
amount of goods sold.
-Intermediary: someone who carries messages between people who are unable to meet.
- A “ no cure, no pay” basis: when payment is only made following a positive result. -
---Goodwill: the benefit a business get from good reputation.