GROUP : Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh – 1852202010003

Trần Quỳnh Diệp - 1852202010008

Bùi Phương Hoa - 1852202010024
Trần Minh Duy - 1852202010014

UNIT 3: Tort Law

 Fraudulent: Dishonest and illegal:
 Misstatement: the act of expressing a fact that is not correctOverlap
 Monetary Damages Monetary damages, also referred to as legal damages,
are material compensation, essentially money, that are awarded to an injured
party in a lawsuit.
 Standard of proof: Standard of proof describes the amount of evidence
necessary to prove an assertion or claim in a trialConviction
 Tortfeasor: : a person who commits a tort, delict, or quasi- offense.Tortious
conduct
 Negotiation: is a strategic discussion that resolves an issue in a way that both
parties find acceptable. 
 Compensatory damages: Compensatory damages are money awarded to a
plaintiff to compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred
loss. Compensatory damages are awarded in civil court cases where loss has
occurred as a result of the negligence or unlawful conduct of another party.
 Interference in contractual relation: tort of intentisonally causing a breach of
a valid contract.
 Loss of earning capacity: losing one’s a bility to make a living
 Punitive damages: compensation designed to punish the breaching party for
conduct fond to be reprehensible.
 Reliance: actions by a party showing that he or she expected another party to
act in a certain way.
 Remedy: enforcing a right, cure a wrong or compensate an injury.
 Relief: granting of a remedy by a court.
 Sue for: to start civil proceedings in a court.
 Trespass : unlawfull invasion of the person, property or right of another.

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 Unfair business pratices: acts by business against consumer which are
misleading or frsudulent.
 Tortious conduct: wrongful acts in their nature of a tort

Unit 4: Criminal Law

- Armed robbery: the crime of stealing from somewhere or someone using
weapons.
- Arson: the crime of intentionally starting a fire in order to damage or destroy
something, especially a building.
- Assault: the act of inflicting physical harm or unwanted physical contact
upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to
commit such an action.
- Battery: attempting to physically attack a person.
- Bribery: The act of offering a bribe.
- Burglary: unlawful entering of a building with the intent to commit a crime.
- Domestic violence: violence or abuse against a member of the offender’s
own household (e.g. wife/husband and children)
- Drug trafficking: buying and selling illegal narcotics.
- Drunk driving: operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of
alcohol.
- Embezzlement: using illegally or stealing money which you are looking for
someone else
- Extortion: getting money from people by using threats.
- Forgery: making an illegal copy of banknote or document.
- Fraud: getting money or property from people by making them believe
untrue things.
- Homicide: a person who kills another.
- Insider dealing = insider trading: the act of trading in securities by people
who have confidential information about a company’s finances or
operations.
- Joyriding: stealing a car and driving it dangerously for fun.
- Kidnapping: taking a person against his/her will (or taking a child from the
control of a parent or guardian).

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- Larceny: theft of personal property .
- Manslaughter: unlawful killing but without intent to kill.
- Money laundering: the process of making large amounts of money generated
by a criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to
have come from a legitimate source.
- Obstruction of justice: the crime or act of willfully interfering with the
process of justice and law especially by influencing, threatening, harming, or
impeding a witness, potential witness, juror, or judicial or legal officer or by
furnishing false information in or otherwise impeding an investigation or
legal process.
- Rape: using violence or threats to have sex without consent.
- Shoplifting: stealing merchandise from a shop or business.
- Stalking: repeatedly following and/or harassing a person with unwanted
attention.
- Tax evasion: illegally trying to avoid paying taxes.
- Theft: general term for talking another person’s personal property without
permission.
- Vandalism: intentional and malicious damage to or destruction of property.
- White-collar crimes = business crime: non-violent offences usually
committed by business people or government official, typically property
crimes and economic crimes. Also includes bribery, environmental law
violations and money laundering, among many others .
- Offence = crime: a violation of public which is subject to punishment such
as imprisonment of fine.
- Prosecution: bring a criminal case before a court.
- Prosecutor: lawyer who brings criminal cases on behalf of.
- Jurisdiction: territory or district in which a court has authority to hear cases.
- Offender: person who commits a crime.
- Sentence: to impose a certain punishment.
- Execution: death penalty, capital punishment.
- Corporal punishment: punishment inflicted on the body, such as whipping.
- Imprisonment = supervised release: being confined in jail or prison (also
incarceration).
- Parole: early release from prison after serving part of the sentences, usually
under supervision and upon certain conditions.

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- Probation: sentences which allows the convicted offender to be released into
community under supervision instead of going to prison.
- Community service order: alternative to prison, a criminal sentences that
requires the offender to do unpaid work in the community.
- Petty theft: stealing something of low value (in some jurisdiction less than
$400), in contrast to grand theft, where the value of the stolen goods is
greater.
- Accused: someone charged with a crime, the defendant in a criminal
proceeding.
- Action in tort: case brought in court, seeking damages for a tort.
- Actus reus: criminal deed or act, which means criminal intent).
- Balance of probabilities: where proof of liability must be shown to be more
likely than not.
- Burden of proof: requirement of presenting enough evidence to support a
claim
- Charge: to make a formal accusation of a crime.
- Guilty beyond a reasonable doubt: amount of proof needed to convict a
defendant of a crime.
- Preponderance of the evidence: standard of proof in civil cases requiring that
one side’s case must be more probable than not.
- Judge: public official who hears and decides cases in court.
- Jury: group of people selected to come to a verdict on questions of fact
based on evidence presented in court.
- Claimant = Plaintiff: person who brings a civil action.
- Felony : grave crime punishable by a hasher sentence than a misdemeanor,
which is less serious crime.
- Bin raiding: is where thieves search through people’s household rubbish on
the hunt for personal information that can be used to carry out fraud.