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भारतीय मानक IS 15462 : 2019

Indian Standard

पॉलीमर पररवर्ति् रिटुमेन ( पी एम िी ) —

रवरिरटि
( पहला पनु रीक्षण )

Polymer Modified Bitumen ( PMB ) ―

Specification
( First Revision )

ICS 75.140

© BIS 2019

भारतीय मानक बयरयू ो

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ी – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
www.bis.gov.in www.standardsbis.in

May 2019 Price Group 7

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Bitumen, Tar and Related Products Sectional Committee, PCD 06

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards after the draft finalized
by the Bitumen, Tar and Related Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and
Related Product Division Council.
Majority of highways in our country have bituminous pavement. High traffic intensity, overloading and variations
in daily and seasonal temperature of the bituminous pavements have been responsible for early development of
distress like rutting, cracking, bleeding, shoving and potholing of bituminous surfacing. Under these conditions,
bituminous pavement constructed using conventional paving bitumen is not able to cope up with the present traffic
requirements.
This standard originally published in 2004 as IS 15462 : 2004 ‘Polymer and rubber modified bitumen ―
Specification’ which covered both polymer and rubber modified bitumen. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)
and Rubber Modified Bitumen (RMB) differ in composition, method of preparation and product performance.
Therefore, it was decided by the Committee to have separate specifications for PMB and RMB. This revision of
IS 15462 covers only PMB. For RMB, a new Indian Standard is under formulation.
Studies have revealed that the properties of bitumen and bituminous mixes can be improved/ modified with the
incorporation of plastomeric and elastomeric polymers. These polymers are called modifiers and the bitumen
premixed with these modifiers is known as the polymer modified bitumen. Use of PMB in wearing/binder course
of the pavement (in top 100 mm from the road surface) is expected to significantly improve the life of surfacing
and extend the time of the next renewal. Full–scale performance studies on overlay carried out by various research
institutions revealed that the use of PMB in construction/ maintenance of bituminous pavements significantly
improve the pavements performance and is cost effective, when life-cycle cost in taken into consideration.
Over the years, different types of polymers have been used to make modified bitumen. The most commonly used
type of modifiers are elastomeric polymers. These are macro-molecules in which the same group of atoms is
repeated very large number of times. These repeated groups can be formed from one or several different molecules
(monomers). The table below lists the group of principal modifiers which are used to modify bitumen for highway
engineering applications airfield/ airports ports and industrial areas. These polymers are also mentioned in Indian
Road Congress (IRC) and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) standards, specifications, and
codes of practices.
Principal Polymer used to prepare Polymer Modified Bitumen:
Plastomeric Thermoplastic Polymers
a) Polyethylene PE
b) Ethylene- Vinyl Acetate Copolymer EVA
c) Ethylene-Methyl Acryl ate Copolymer EMA
d) Ethylene-Butyl Acryl late Copolymer EBA
e) Ethylene Ter Polymer ETP
Elastomeric Thermoplastic Polymers
a) Styrene- Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer SBS
b) Styrene- Isoprene-Styrene Copolymer SIS
c) Styrene- Butadiene SB
d) Styrene Butadiene Rubber SBR
IS 15462 : 2004 was not adequate to reflect the performance of PMB in the field. In this revision, attempts have
been made to incorporate the parameters which are performance oriented.
A review of international development work into performance based specifications indicated the need to adopt
performance based specification parameters in place of conventional classic parameters like penetration, softening
point etc. At present, a number of potential performance-based tests are proposed to characterize the properties of
PMBs. The validation of these parameters is proposed to be carried out in next five years and make appropriate
amendments in the specification.

( Continued on third cover )

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Indian Standard
POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN ( PMB ) ―
SPECIFICATION
( First Revision )
1 SCOPE
This standard prescribes the requirements and methods
of sampling and tests of polymer modified bitumen
(PMB) binders for use in highways, airfield/airports
and other allied construction and maintenance works.
2 REFERENCES
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in the text, constitute provisions of
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision and parties to agreements based on this
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the standard
indicated below:
Indian Standard/ Title
Other Publication
73 : 2013 Paving bitumen — shear stress, τ, to the absolute value of the peak-to-peak
Specification ( fourth revision)
334 : 2002 Glossary of terms relating
to bitumen and tar ( third
revision)
1201 : 2004 Methods for testing tar
and bituminous materials:
Sampling ( first revision)
1205 : 1978 Methods for testing tar
and bituminous materials:
Determination of softening
point ( first revision)
1208 : 1978 Methods for testing tar
and bituminous materials:
Determination of ductility
( first revision)
1209 : 1978 Methods of testing tar
and bituminous materials:
Determination of flash point
and fire point ( first revision)
9381 : 1979 Methods for testing tar
and bituminous materials:
Determination of FRAASS
braking point of bitumen
1
IS 15462 : 2019
Indian Standard/ Title
Other Publication
9382 : 1979 Methods for testing tar
and bituminous materials :
Determination of effect of heat
and air by thin film oven test
ASTM D 4402 - 15 Standard test method for
viscosity determination
of asphalt at elevated
temperatures using a rotational
viscometer
3 TERMINOLOGY
For the purpose of this standard, the definition given in
IS 334 shall apply, in addition to the following:
3.1 Complex Shear Modulus (G*) — Ratio calculated
by dividing the absolute value of the peak-to-peak
shear strain, γ.
3.2 Creep and Recovery — A standard rheological test
protocol whereby a specimen is subjected to a constant
load for a fixed time period then allowed to recover at
zero load for a fixed time period.
3.3 Non-recoverable Creep Compliance (Jnr) — The
residual strain in a specimen after a creep and recovery
cycle divided by the stress applied in kPa.
3.4 Phase Angle (δ) — The angle in degrees between a
sinusoidally applied strain and the resultant sinusoidal
stress in a controlled-strain testing mode, or between
the applied stress and the resultant strain in a controlled-
stress testing mode.
4 DESCRIPTION
When used as bitumen modifier, selected polymer or a
blend of polymers shall have the following properties:
a) Compatible with bitumen,
b) Resist degradation at mixing temperature,
c) Capable of being processed by conventional
mixing and laying machinery,
d) Produce required coating viscosity at application
temperature, and
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IS 15462 : 2019

e) Maintain premium properties during storage, NOTE ― Over the years, different types of materials have been
application and in-services. investigated as additives for bitumen modifications. Some of
them which have been trial tested in India and other countries
NOTE ― Homogeneity is very important for desired
are polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene
performance of polymer modified binders. Therefore, these
methyl acrylate, ethylene butyl acrylate, styrene butadiene,
should be prepared at refinery or by appropriate industrial
styrene butadiene styrene block co polymer etc.
process and plant having high shear device.
6.2 The material shall be homogenous and shall not
5 CLASSIFICATION foam when heated at 170°C.
The polymer modified bitumen (PMB) shall be 6.3 No mineral matter other than naturally present, in
classified into five grades as given below: the ingredient material, shall be used.
a) Grade PMB 64-10, having average maximum
6.4 Modifier shall not degrade/separate during heating/
pavement temperature < 64°C and minimum
storage.
pavement temperature > (–10) °C;
b) Grade PMB 70-10, having average maximum 6.5 The polymer modified bitumen (PMB) shall also
pavement temperature < 70°C and minimum conform to the requirements given in Table 1.
pavement temperature > (–10) °C; NOTE — At the time of unloading PMB, contractors like
c) Grade PMB 76-10, having average maximum to conduct some quick field checks on the grade and elastic
characteristics of PMB. For this purpose, three requirements,
pavement temperature < 76°C and minimum
namely, viscosity, softening point and elastic recovery as
pavement temperature > (–10) °C; specified in Table 1 may be conducted. However, the final
d) Grade PMB 82-10, having average maximum acceptance is subject to conformance as specified in 6.5.
pavement temperature < 82°C and minimum
pavement temperature > (–10) °C; and 7 CHOICE OF POLYMER MODIFIED
BITUMEN GRADE
e) Grade PMB 76-22, having average maximum
pavement temperature < 76°C and minimum 7.1 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) are generally
pavement temperature > (–22) °C. recommended for construction of durable pavements
carrying heavy to very heavy traffic loads and/or areas
NOTE where the pavement temperatures vary widely between
Calculation of Pavement Temperatures summer and winter. PMB is also recommended for
a) Since only air temperatures are available from weather data, the wearing course in respect of other Roads due to its
the following equation may be used to estimate the Average superior resistance to oxidation as compared to regular
Maximum Pavement Temperature (at a depth of 20 mm) from viscosity grade bitumen.
high air temperature and latitude of the project location based
on State Highway Research Program (SHRP) research: 7.2 The selection criteria for PMB grade shall be based
T20mm = (Tair – 0.00618 L2 + 0.2289 L + 42.2) (0.9545) – 17.78 on the service conditions of pavement temperature
where, range and traffic. The value of non-recoverable creep
T20mm — average Maximum Pavement Temperature at 20 mm (Jnr) shall be chosen based on the traffic conditions
below the road surface; defined in Table 2.
Tair — high air temperature; and
L — latitude in degrees of the project location. 8 PACKING AND MARKING
Example — Churu (Rajasthan) has high air temperature of
50°C and its latitude is 28.3 degrees N. The Average Maximum
8.1 Packing
Pavement Temperature computed from the above equation Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) shall be suitably
works out to be 71.7°C. Therefore, a PMB 76 should be used packed in container (bulk, drum or bags) as agreed to
in Churu. between the purchaser and the supplier.
b) For low pavement temperatures, the lowest air temperature
may be used as Minimum Pavement Temperature. 8.2 Marking
6 REQUIREMENTS 8.2.1 Each container of PMB shall be legibly and
indelibly marked with the following:
6.1 Material and Manufacture
a) Manufacturer name and/or trade mark, if any;
The polymer modified bitumen (PMB) shall be
b) Grade of the material;
prepared by blending suitable viscosity grade bitumen
conforming to IS 73 or a feed stock compatible with c) Month and year of manufacture; and
additives either at a refinery or any other plant having d) Batch number.
adequate facilities for mixing, blending and testing as
prescribed in this standard.

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IS 15462 : 2019

Table 1 Requirements of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

( Clause 6.5 and 9.5.3 )
Sl Characteristics Grades and Requirements Method of Test,
No. Ref to

PMB PMB PMB PMB PMB Annex IS/ASTM

64-10 70-10 76-10 82-10 76-22
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
(A) Tests to be Carried out on Original Binder
i) Softening point (R and B), °C, Min 60 65 70 80 75 — IS 1205
ii) Elastic recovery of half thread in 70 70 70 85 80 Annex A —
ductilometer at 15°C, percent, Min
iii) Flash point, COC, °C, Min 230 230 230 230 230 — IS 1209
iv) Viscosity at 150°C, Pa.s, Max 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.5 — ASTM D 4402
v) Complex modulus (G*) divided by 64 70 76 82 76 Annex B —
Sin delta (G*/sin δ) as Min 1.0 kPa, 25
mm Plate, 1 mm Gap, at 10 rad/s, at a
temperature, °C
vi) Phase Angle (δ), degree, Max 75 75 75 75 75 Annex B —
vii) Separation, difference in softening point 3 3 3 3 3 Annex C —
(R&B), °C, Max
viii) FRAASS breaking1) point, °C, Max –10 –10 –10 –10 –22 — IS 9381
2)
(B) Tests to be Carried out on Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) Residue
i) Loss in mass, percent, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 — IS 9382
ii) Complex modulus (G*) divided by 64 70 76 82 76 Annex B —
Sin delta (G*/sin δ) as Min 2.2 kPa,
25 mm Plate,1 mm Gap, at 10 rad/s at a
temperature, °C
iii) MSCR TEST
a) Standard Traffic (S) 64 70 76 82 76 Annex D —
Jnr3.2, Max 4.5 kPa-1
Jnrdiff, Max 75 percent
Test Temperature, °C
b) Heavy Traffic (H) 64 70 76 82 76 Annex D —
Jnr3.2, Max 2 kPa-1
Jnrdiff, Max 75 percent
Test Temperature, °C
c) Very Heavy Traffic (V) 64 70 76 82 76 Annex D —
Jnr3.2, Max 1 kPa-1
Jnrdiff, Max 75 percent
Test Temperature, °C
d) Extremely Heavy Traffic (E) 64 70 76 82 76 Annex D —
Jnr3.2, Max 0.5 kPa-1
Jnrdiff, Max 75 percent
Test Temperature, °C
(C) Tests to be Carried out on Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Residue3)
i) Complex modulus (G*) multiplied by 31 34 37 40 31 Annex C —
Sin delta (G*sin δ) as Max 6 000 kPa,
8 mm Plate, 2 mm Gap, at 10 rad/s at a
temperature, °C
1) FRAASS Breaking Point only to be evaluated in case the project site has subzero temp conditions.
2) Method for Preparation of Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) Residue is given in Annex E.
3) Method for Preparation of Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Residue is given in Annex F.

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IS 15462 : 2019

Table 2 Selection Criteria for Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

( Clause 7.2 )
Service Condition Pavement Temp Range (Max and Min), °C
64 to (-10) 70 to (-10) 76 to (-10) 82 to (-10) 76 to (-22)
Standard S PMB 64-10 PMB 70-10 PMB 76-10 PMB 82-10 PMB 76-22
Jnr3200 < 4.5 kPa-1
Heavy H PMB 64-10 PMB 70-10 PMB 76-10 PMB 82-10 PMB 76-22
Jnr3200 < 2 kPa-1
Very Heavy V PMB 64-10 PMB 70-10 PMB 76-10 PMB 82-10 PMB 76-22
Jnr3200 < 1 kPa-1
Extremely Heavy E PMB 64-10 PMB 70-10 PMB 76-10 PMB 82-10 PMB 76-22
Jnr3200 < 0.5 kPa-1
1) Standard Service Condition — Traffic levels fewer than 10 million Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs)
and more than the standard traffic speed (>70 km/h).
2) Heavy Service Condition — Traffic levels 10-30 million ESALs or slow-moving traffic (20 to 70 km/h).
3) Very Heavy Service Condition — Traffic levels of greater than 30 million ESALs or very slow moving/
standing traffic («20 km/h)
4) Extremely Heavy Service Condition — Traffic levels of greater than 30 million ESALs and very slow
moving/ standing traffic («20 km/h)

8.2.2 BIS Certification Marking 9.3 From each of the containers selected as in 9.2,
Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) may also be marked an average sample representative of the material
with the Standard Mark. in the container shall be drawn in accordance with
the methods prescribed in IS 1201, taking all the
8.2.2.1 The product(s) conforming to the requirements precautions mentioned therein. All these samples from
of this standard may be certified as per the conformity individual containers shall be stored separately
assessment schemes under the provisions of the Bureau
of Indian Standards Act, 2016 and the Rules and 9.4 Number of Tests
Regulations framed thereunder, and the products may 9.4.1 All the individual samples shall be tested for
be marked with the standard mark. softening point, elastic recovery, separation and
penetration.
9 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR
CONFORMITY 9.4.2 For the remaining characteristics, a composite
sample prepared by mixing together equal quantities
9.1 Lot of PMB from all individual samples taken from each
In any consignment, all the containers of polymer samples container shall be tested.
modified bitumen (PMB) of same category and grade
from the same batch of manufacture shall be grouped 9.5 Criteria for Conformity
to constitute a lot. 9.5.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to
9.2 The number of containers to be selected at random the requirements of this standard, if the conditions
from the lot shall depend upon the size of the lot and mentioned under 9.5.2 and 9.5.3 are satisfied.
shall be in accordance with Table 3.
9.5.2 From the test results of compatibility (separation),
Table 3 Sample Size penetration and elastic recovery, the mean (X) and
( Clause 9.2 ) range (R) shall be calculated. The following conditions
shall be satisfied:
Sl No. Lot Size No. of Containers
(No. of Containers) to be Selected a) (X + 0.6 R) shall be greater than or equal to the
(1) (2) (3) minimum specification limit specified; and
i) Upto 50 2 b) (X + 0.6 R) shall be less than or equal to the
maximum specification limit specified.
ii) 51 – 100 3
iii) 101 – 200 4 9.5.3 The composite sample when tested for the
iv) 201 – 300 5 characteristics mentioned in 9.4.2 shall satisfy the
corresponding requirements of the characteristics given
v) 301 – 500 7
in Table 1.
vi) 501 and above 10

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IS 15462 : 2019

ANNEX A
[ Table 1, Sl. No. (A) (ii) ]
DETERMINATION OF ELASTIC RECOVERY

A-1 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE A-3.2 Thermometer — Any standard thermometer

This is a simple test intended to optimize dose of
polymeric additive in bitumen and also help in assessing
quality of PMB in laboratory.
A-2 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD
The elastic recovery of modified bitumen is evaluated
by comparing recovery of thread after conditioning
for 1 h at specified temperature and the specimen
is elongated up to 10 cm deformation in a ductility
machine. This is intended to assess degree of bitumen
modification by elastomeric additives. The mould for
elastic recovery shall be as shown in Fig. 1.
(ASTM 63°C) of equivalent range and accuracy shall
be used.
A-3.3 Scissors — Any type of conventional scissors
capable ofs cutting modified bitumen at the test
temperature.
A 3.4 Scale — Any transparent scale of measuring up
to 25 cm with ± 1 mm accuracy.
A-4 PROCEDURE
A-4.1 Prepare the test specimens in a set of three
moulds as per dimensions given in Fig. 1 and condition
as prescribed in test method of IS 1208. Elongate the
test specimen at the specified rate to a deformation of
10 cm at a rate of 5 ± 0.25 cm/min. Immediately cut the
test specimen into two halves at the mid-point using the
scissors. Keep the test specimen in the water bath in an
undisturbed condition for 1 h before testing.

A-4.2 After the 1 h time period, move the elongated

half of the test specimen back into position near the
A - 36.5 ± 0.1 mm fixed half of the test specimen so the two pieces of
B - 30.0 ± 0.1 mm modified bitumen just touch. Record the length of the
C - 17.0 ± 0.1 mm recombined specimen as X.
D - 10.0 ± 0.1 mm
E - 10.0 ± 0.1 mm A-5 REPORT
Fig. 1 Design oF MoulD For elastic recovery Calculate the percent/elastic recovery by the following
procedure:
A-3 APPARATUS 10 − X
Elastic recovery, percent = ×100
10
A-3.1 Ductility Machine and Moulds — As per Where,
IS 1208 and Fig. 1. X = length, in cm, of recombined specimen.

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IS 15462 : 2019
ANNEX B
[ Table 1, Sl. No. (A) (vi) and (vii), (B) (ii) and (C) (i) ]
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX MODULUS
B-1 GENERAL
B-1.1 This method covers the determination of the
dynamic shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (sin δ) of
modified bituminous binder. This method is appropriate
for unaged material, material aged in Rolling Thin
Film Oven (RTFO), material aged in Pressure Ageing
Vessel (PAV) or material aged in both RTFO and PAV.
This method is limited to modified bituminous binders
that contain particles with largest dimension less than
250 μ.
B-1.2 The test temperature for this test is related to
the temperature experienced by the pavement in the
geographical area for which the modified bituminous
binder is intended to be used. The complex shear
modulus is an indicator of the stiffness or resistance of
modified bituminous binder to deformation under load.
The complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle
(δ) define the resistance to shear deformation of the
modified bituminous binder in the linear viscoelastic
region. The complex modulus and phase angle are used
to evaluate performance aspect of modified bitumen.
B-2 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD
The method contains the procedure used to measure
the complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ)
of modified bituminous binder using dynamic shear
rheometer and parallel plate geometry. The method is
suitable for use when dynamic shear modulus varies
between 100 Pa and 10 MPa. This range in modulus
is typically obtained between 4 and 88°C, depending
upon the grade, test temperature and conditioning
of the modified bitumen. Test specimen of 1 mm
thickness, 25 mm diameter or 2 mm thickness and 8
mm diameter are prepared between the metal plates.
During the testing one of the parallel plates is oscillated
with respect to the other at pre-selected frequencies and
angular deflection (or torque) amplitudes. The required
amplitude depends upon the value of the complex
shear modulus of the modified bitumen being tested.
The test specimen is maintained at the test temperature
± 0.1°C by enclosing the upper and lower plates in a
thermally controlled environment or test chamber.
The recommended frequency of testing is 10 rad/s.
The complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) are
calculated as part of operation of the rheometer using
software available with the equipment.
B-3 APPARATUS
B-3.1 Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) Test
System — A dynamic shear rheometer consisting
6
of parallel metal plates, an environmental chamber,
a loading device and a control and data acquisition
system.
B-3.2 Test Plates — Metal plates cylindrical in shape
from steel or aluminum with smooth ground surfaces
are required. Two plates 8.00 ± 0.02 mm in diameter and
two plates 25.00 ± 0.05 mm in diameter are required.
The test plates shall have a minimum thickness or
raised portion of 1.5 mm to allow sufficient clearance
for trimming the specimen.
B-3.3 Environmental Chamber — A chamber for
controlling the test specimen temperature by heating
or cooling. The medium for heating and cooling the
specimen in the environmental chamber is either a
gas or liquid that will not affect binder properties. The
temperature in the chamber may be controlled by the
circulation of fluid or conditioned gas. When the air
is used as medium a suitable drier must be included
to prevent condensation of moisture on the plates and
fixture.
B-3.4 Temperature Controller — A temperature
controller capable of maintaining specimen temperature
within ± 0.1°C for the test temperature ranging from
4 to 88°C is needed. A resistance thermal detector
mounted inside the environmental chamber, in intimate
with fixed plate with a range of 4 to 88°C readable to the
nearest 0.1°C. The detector shall be used to control the
temperature in the chamber and provide a continuous
read out of the temperature during the mounting,
conditioning and testing of the specimens.
B-3.5 Loading Device — The loading device shall be
capable to apply a sinusoidal oscillatory load to the
specimen at the frequency of 10 rad/s. The loading
device shall be capable of providing either a stress
control or strain controlled load. If the load is strain
controlled, the loading shall apply a cyclic torque
sufficient to cause an angular rotational strain accurate
to within 100 μ radian of the strain specified. If the load
is stress controlled, the loading device shall apply a
cyclic torque accurate with to within 10 mN.m of the
torque specified. Total system compliance to 100 N.m
torque shall be < 2 m.rad/N.m.
B-3.6 Control and Data Acquisition System — The
control and data acquisition system shall provide a
record of temperature, frequency, deflection angle
and torque. The system shall be capable to record and
calculate the shear stress, shear strain, complex shear
modulus and phase angle of binder at specified test
temperature.
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IS 15462 : 2019

B-3.7 Specimen Mold — A silicone rubber mold for the base plate up. Thickness of the gap use depend on
preparation of test specimen. the test temperature. High test temperature of 46°C or
greater require a small gap of 1 mm. High temperature
B-3.8 Specimen Trimmer — A specimen trimmer measurement require a large spindle (25 mm) and low
with a straight edge at least 4 mm wide. temperature a small spindle (8 mm). With the specimen
mounted, the operator shall set the gap at the desired
B-3.9 Calibrated Temperature Detector — A value of 1 000 or 2 000 μ. After the specimen is trimmed
calibrated thermocouple, thermistor, or resistive flush with upper plate, the extra 50 μ is dialed so that
thermometric device (RTD) with a thickness or gap is exactly at the desired value and specimen bulges
diameter < 2.0 mm is suitable for measuring the slightly.
temperature of a dummy specimen sample of binder.
Thermocouples and thermistors are not reliable to B-5 TEST PROCEDURE
± 0.1°C unless calibrated to a standard traceable to Bring the specimen to the test temperature ± 0.1°C.
the National Institute of Standard and Technology After the sample is correctly in place and test
(NIST) and must be calibrated with associated meters temperature appear stable then allow the specimen
or circuitry. Platinum RTDs are typically not suitable for 10 min at the set temperature of the specimen to
because they are too large to fit in the gaps between the equilibrate. The actual temperature equilibration time
plates in the DSR. is equipment dependent and should be checked using
a dummy specimen with very accurate temperature
B-4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN sensing capabilities.
A disk of binder with diameter equal to the oscillating When operating in a strain control mode, testing consist
plate (often called a spindle) of the DSR is needed for of using the rheometer software to select appropriate
testing. There are two ways to prepare the sample for strain value as under.
testing:
a) Bitumen binder can be poured directly onto Material kPa Target Strain
the spindle in sufficient quantity to provide the Strain, Range,
appropriate thickness of material, or Percent Percent
b) A mold can be used to form the disk of material to Original 1.0 G*/sin δ 12 9 to 15
be tested. Then the disk can be placed between the Binder
spindle and fixed plate of DSR. RTFO 2.2 G*/sin δ 10 8 to 12
In the first method, operator should have sufficient Residue
experience to apply exact quantity of binder. In the PAV Residue 6000 G*sin δ 1 0.8 to 1.2
second method, binder is heated until fluid to pour. The
heated binder is poured in to a rubber mold and allow
to cool. The mold consisting binder may be placed in When operating in a stress controlled mode, select an
a refrigerator until it attains solid consistency. Then the appropriate stress level using software as under.
sample is removed from the mold and placed between Material kPa Target Stress
the fixed plate and oscillating spindle of the DSR. The Stress, Range,
excess binder beyond the edge of the spindle should be percent kPa
trimmed. Regardless of the method used for preparation
of the specimen, the final step in preparing the specimen Original 1.0 G*/sin δ 0.120 0.090 to
is to slightly readjust the gap between the spindle and Binder 0.150
the lower plate so that a slight bulge is evident near RTFO 2.2 G*/sin δ 0.220 0.180 to
the edge of the spindle. This step is normally occur Residue 0.260
immediately prior to the testing. The thickness of the PAV 6000 G*sin δ 600 500 to 700
bitumen binder disk sandwiched between the spindle Residue
and fixed plate must be carefully controlled. The proper
specimen thickness is achieved by adjusting the gap Testing consists of using rheometer software to set the
between the spindle and fixed plate. This gap must DSR to apply a constant oscillating stress and recording
be set before mounting the binder sample but while the resulting strain and time lag. The specification
spindle and base plate are mounted in the rheometer at requires oscillation speed to 10 rad/s, which is
the test temperature. The gap is adjusted by means of a approximately 1.59 Hz. A computer is used with
micrometer wheel. The micrometer wheel is graduated DSR to control test parameter and record test results.
usually in units of micron. Turning the wheel allows The operator need not worry about setting the value
precise positioning the spindle and base plate related of applied stress. Instead, the operator should set the
to each other. On some rheometer, the micrometer approximate value of shear strain. Shear strain values
wheel moves the spindle down. On other, it moves vary from 1-12 percent and depend on the stiffness of

7
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IS 15462 : 2019
the binder being used. Relatively soft material tested
at high temperature are tested at strain values of
approximately 10-12 percent. Hard materials are tested
at strain value of about 1 percent. In the initial stage
of the test, rheometer measures the stress required to
achieve the set shear strain and then maintains this
stress very precisely during the test. The shear strain
can very small amounts from the set value to achieve
the constant stress. Variation in shear strain is normally
controlled by rheometer software. In the beginning
of the test, the sample is first conditioned by loading
the specimen for 10 cycles and then 10 additional
cycles and then are applied to obtained test data. The
rheometer software automatically compute and report
values of complex modulus (G*) phase angle (δ).
B-6 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS AND
DATA PRESENTATION
The complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ)
decrease with increasing shear strain. A linear region
may be defined at small region where the modulus is
relatively independent of shear strain. This region will
vary with magnitude of complex modulus. The linear
8
region is defined as range in strains where the complex
modulus is 95 percent or more of the 0 strain value.
The shear stress varies nearly from 0 at the centre
of the plates to a maximum at the extremities of the
plate perimeter. The shear stress is calculated from the
applied or measured torque, measure or applied strain
and the geometry of the test specimen. For the present
specification only value of G* and sin δ are required. A
complete report includes following parameters:
a) G* to the nearest three significant figures,
b) Sin δ to the nearest 0.1 degrees,
c) Test plate size to nearest 0.1 mm and gap to
nearest 1 mm,
d) Test temperature to the nearest 0.1°C,
e) Test frequency to the nearest 0.1 rad/s, and
f) Strain amplitude to the nearest 0.01 percent.
The test temperature as per requirement of specification
for complex modulus value of 1 kPa (G*/sin δ)
for original binder, 2.2 kPa (G*/sin δ) for residue
of RTFO and 6 000 kPa for residue of PAV shall be
calculated from plot of G*and sin δ and temperature for
compliance of specification.
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ANNEX C
[ Table 1, Sl. No. (A) (viii) ]
DETERMINATION OF SEPARATION
C-1 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD
The separation of modifier and bitumen during hot
storage is evaluated by comparing the ring and ball
softening point of the top and bottom samples taken
from a conditioned, sealed tube of polymer modified
bitumen. The conditioning consist of placing a sealed
tube of modified bitumen in a vertical position at
163 ± 5°C in an oven for a period of 48 h. It provides
a reference for determining the relative separation
properties between different types of bitumen modifiers
and their respective bitumen’s. modified bitumen’s
relative stability to separation under storage in static
conditions is determined in heated oven storage without
agitation.
C-2 APPARATUS
C-2.1 Aluminum Tubes — 25.4 mm (1 in) diameter
and 136.7 mm (5.5 in) length blind aluminum tubes
(thickness of foil 1 mm), used to hold the test sample
during the conditioning.
C-2.2 Oven — Capable of maintaining 163 ± 5°C.
C-2.3 Freezer — Capable of maintaining 6.7 ± 5°C.
C-2.4 Rack — Capable of supporting the aluminum
tubes in a vertical position in the oven and freezer.
C-2.5 Spatula and Hammer — The spatula must be
rigid and sharp to allow cutting of the tube containing
the sample when at a low temperature.
C-3 PROCEDURE
C-3.1 Place the empty tube, with sealed end down in
the rack. Heat the sample carefully until sufficiently
9
IS 15462 : 2019
fluid to pour. Care should be taken to prevent localized
overheating. Pass about 100 g of molten sample
through IS Sieve of 200 mm diameter and 600 micron
mesh size. After through stirring, pour 50.0 g into the
vertically held tube. Fold the excess tube over two
times, and crimp and seal.
C-3.2 Place the rack containing the sealed tubes in a
163 ± 5°C oven. Allow the tubes to stand undisturbed
in the oven for a period of 48 ± 4 h. At the end of
the period, remove the rack from the oven, and place
immediately in the freezer at 6.7 ± 5 °C, taking care to
keep the tubes in a vertical position at all times. Leave
the tubes in the freezer for a minimum of 4 h to solidify
the sample completely.
C-3.3 Upon removing the tube from the freezer,
place it on a flat surface. Cut the tube into three
equal length portions with the spatula and hammer.
Discard the centre section, and place the top and
bottom portions of the tube into separate beakers.
Place the beakers into a 163 ± 5°C oven until the
bitumen is sufficiently fluid to remove the pieces of
aluminum tube.
C-3.4 After thoroughly stirring, pour the top bottom
samples into appropriately marked rings for the ring
and ball softening point test. Prepare the rings and
apparatus according to details given in IS 1205. The
top and bottom sample form the same tube should
be tested at the same time in the softening point
test.
C-4 REPORT
Report the difference, in °C, between the softening
points of the respective top and bottom samples.
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IS 15462 : 2019
ANNEX D
[ Table 1, Sl. No. (C) (i) ]
DETERMINATION OF MULTIPLE STRESS CREEP AND RECOVERY (MSCR)
USING DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER
D-1 OUTLINE OF METHOD
This test method is used to determine the presence
of elastic response in a bitumen binder under shear
creep and recovery at two stress levels at a specified
temperature. For performance grade (PG) binders, the
specified temperature will typically be the PG grade
upper temperature. Sample preparation and apparatus
are using the 25 mm parallel plate geometry with a
1 mm gap setting. The sample is loaded at constant
stress for 1 s then allowed to recover for 9 s. Ten creep
and recovery cycles are run at 0.100 kPa creep stress
followed by ten at 3.200 kPa creep stress.
D-2 APPARATUS
D-2.1 Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) — The
rheometer shall run in stress control mode.
D-3 PROCEDURE
D-3.1 Allow the specimen to reach thermal equilibrium
at the desired test temperature. If the specimen has
previously been tested in dynamic shear, allow the
specimen to remain unloaded for at least one minute
before starting the creep and recovery test.
D-3.2 Load the specimen at a constant creep stress of
0.100 kPa for 1.00 second duration creep and follow
with a zero stress recovery of 9.00 s duration. Record
the stress and strain at least every 0.10 s for the creep
cycle and at least every 0.45 s for the recovery cycle
on a running accumulated time such that, in addition to
other data points, data points at 1.00 s and 10.00 s for
each cycle’s local time are explicitly recorded.
D-3.3 Allowing no rest period between cycles, repeat
the creep and recovery cycle nine times for a total of
ten cycles.
D-3.4 Allowing no rest period following D-3.3, repeat
the ten creep and recovery cycles of D-3.2 and D-3.3
utilizing a load of 3.200 kPa.
D-3.5 For each of the twenty creep and recovery cycles
record the following.
D-3.5.1 Initial strain value at the beginning of the creep
portion of each cycle. This strain shall be denoted as ԑ0.
D-3.5.2 The strain value at the end of the creep portion
(that is, after 1.0 s) of each cycle. This strain shall be
denoted as ԑc.
10
D-3.5.3 The adjusted strain value at the end of creep
portion (that is, after 1.0 s) of each cycle:
ԑ1 = ԑc – ԑ0 (1)
D-3.5.4 The strain value at the end of the recovery
portion (that is, after 10.0 s) of each cycle. This strain
shall be denoted as ԑr.
D-3.5.5 The adjusted strain value at the end of recovery
portion (that is, after 10.0 s) of each cycle:
ԑ10 = ԑr – ԑ0 (2)
D-4 CALCULATION
D-4.1 Using the results obtained in D-3.5 determine the
average percent recovery and non-recoverable creep
compliance for the bitumen binder at creep stress levels
of 0.100 kPa and 3.200 kPa as follows:
D-4.1.1 For each of the ten cycles at a creep stress of
0.100 kPa, calculate the percent recovery, ԑr(100, N), for N
= 1 to 10:
ԑr(100, N) = (ԑ1 – ԑ10) × 100 / ԑ1 (3)
D-4.1.2 For each of the ten cycles at a creep stress of
3.200 kPa calculate the percent recovery, ԑr(3200, N), for
N = 1 to 10:
ԑr(3200, N) = (ԑ1 – ԑ10) × 100 / ԑ1 (4)
D-4.1.3 Calculate average percent recovery at
0.100 kPa:
R100 = SUM [ԑr(100, N)] / 10 for N = 1 to 10 (5)
D-4.1.4 Calculate average percent recovery at 3.200
kPa:
R3200 = SUM [ԑr(3200, N)]/10 for N = 1 to 10 (6)
D-4.1.5 Calculate percent difference in recovery
between 0.100 kPa and 3.200 kPa:
Rdiff = [(R100 – R3200) × 100] / (R100) (7)
D-4.1.6 For each of the ten cycles at a creep stress
of 0.100 kPa calculate the non-recoverable creep
compliance, Jnr(100, N), for N = 1 to 10:
Jnr(100, N) = ԑ10 / 100 (8)
D-4.1.7 For each of the ten cycles at a creep stress
of 3.200 kPa calculate the non-recoverable creep
compliance, Jnr(3200, N), for N = 1 to 10:
Jnr(3200, N) = ԑ10 / 100 (9)
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D-4.1.8 Calculate average non-recoverable creep
compliance at 0.100 kPa:
Jnr100 = SUM [Jnr(100, N)] / 10 for N = 1 to 10
D-4.1.9 Calculate average non-recoverable creep
compliance at 3.200 kPa:
Jnr3200 = SUM [Jnr(3200, N)] / 10 for N =
1 to 10
D-4.1.10 Calculate percent difference in non-
recoverable creep compliance between 0.100 kPa and
3.200 kPa:
Jnr – diff = [(Jnr3200 – Jnr100)100] / (Jnr100)
D-5 REPORT
Report the following information:
a) Sample identification;
b) Test temperature, to the nearest 0.1ºC;
IS 15462 : 2019
c) Average percent recovery at 0.100 kPa, R100, to the
nearest 0.1 percent;
(10) d) Average percent recovery at 3.200 kPa, R3200, to
the nearest 0.1 percent;
e) Percent difference between average recovery
at 0.100 kPa and 3.200 kPa, Rdiff, to the nearest
0.1 percent;
(11) f) Non-recoverable creep compliance at 0.100 kPa,
Jnr100, to three significant figures;
g) Non-recoverable creep compliance at 3.200 kPa,
Jnr3200, to three significant figures; and
h) Percent difference between non-recoverable creep
(12) compliance at 0.100 kPa and 3.200 kPa, Jnr-diff, to
nearest 0.1 percent.
11
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IS 15462 : 2019
ANNEX E
[ Table 1, Note (1) ]
PREPARATION OF ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN (RTFO) TEST RESIDUE
E-1 OUTLINE OF METHOD
A moving film of bituminous material is heated in an
oven for 85 min at 163°C. The effects of heat and air
are determined from changes in physical test values as
measured before and after the oven treatment.
E-2 APPARATUS
E-2.1 Oven — This shall be a double-walled electrically
heated convection-type oven. Its inside dimensions
shall be 381 mm high, 483 mm wide, and 445 ± 13
mm deep (with the door closed). The door shall contain
a symmetrically located window with dimensions
of 305 to 330 mm wide by 203 to 229 mm high. The
window shall contain two sheets of heat-resistant glass
separated by an air space. The window should permit
an unobstructed view of the interior of the oven. The
top of the upper heating element shall be 25 ± 3 mm
below the oven floor.
E-2.1.1 The oven shall be vented at the top and bottom.
The bottom vents shall be located symmetrically to
supply incoming air around the heating elements. They
shall have an open area of 15.0 ± 0.7 cm2. The top vents
shall be symmetrically arranged in the upper part of the
oven and have an open area of 9.3 ± 0.45 cm2.
E-2.1.2 The oven shall have an air plenum covering the
side walls and ceiling. The air space shall be 38.1 mm
deep from the walls and ceiling. At a midpoint in the
width of the oven, and 152.4 mm from the face of the
circular metal carriage to its axis, a squirrel cage-type
fan 133 mm outside diameter (OD) by 73 mm wide
shall be turned at 1725 rpm by an externally mounted
motor. The squirrel cage fan shall be set so that the
fan turns in an opposite direction to its vanes. The air
flow characteristics of the fan-plenum system shall be
suction from the floor of the oven through the wall
plenums and exhaust of the air through the fan.
E-2.1.3 The oven shall be equipped with a proportional
control thermostat capable of maintaining a temperature
of 163°C to within ± 0.5°C. The sensing element of the
thermostat may be placed at any location that enables
the oven to maintain temperature control as specified
E-2.1.4 The thermometer shall be hung or affixed to
a mounting in the ceiling which is 50.8 mm from the
right side of the oven at a midpoint in the depth of
the oven. The thermometer shall hang down into the
oven so that the bulb of the thermometer is within 25
mm. of an imaginary line level with the shaft of the
circular metal carriage. The heating controls shall be
12
capable of bringing the fully loaded oven back to the
test temperature within a 10 min period after insertion
of the samples in a preheated oven.
E-2.1.5 The oven shall be provided with a 304.8 mm
diameter, vertical circular carriage. This carriage shall
be provided with suitable openings and clips for firmly
holding eight glass containers in a horizontal position.
The vertical carriage shall be mechanically driven
through a 19 mm diameter shaft at a speed of 15 ± 0.2
r/min.
E-2.1.6 The oven shall be equipped with an air jet
positioned to blow heated air into each bottle at its
lowest point of travel. The air jet shall have an outlet
orifice 1.016 mm in diameter connected to a 7.6 m
length of 8 mm outside diameter refrigeration copper
tubing. This tubing shall be coiled to lie flat on the
bottom of the oven and lead to a source of fresh, dried,
dust-free regulated air.
E-2.2 Flowmeter — The flowmeter may be any suitable
type capable of accurately measuring the airflow at a
rate of 4 000 ml/min. The flowmeter shall be located
downstream of all regulating devices and upstream of
the copper coil. The flowmeter shall be positioned so it
is maintained at approximately room temperature. The
airflow shall be calibrated periodically using a wet-test
meter or other displacement method. This calibration
shall be based on airflow exiting the air jet and shall be
conducted with the oven off and at room temperature.
E-2.3 Thermometer — This thermometer shall be used
to make all temperature measurements required by this
test method. In order to reduce the risks associated with
thermometer breakage, the thermometer may be fully
or partially encapsulated in an optically transparent
polymer sheath having a maximum thickness of
0.25 mm. In place of test thermometer electronic
temperature measurement device may also be used.
E-2.4 Container — The container in which the sample
is to be tested shall be of clear, transparent, heat-
resistant glass.
E-2.5 Cooling Rack — A wire or sheet metal rack,
constructed of stainless steel or aluminum, which
allows the sample containers to cool in a horizontal
position, with each container in the same horizontal
plane. The rack shall be constructed in a way that allows
air to flow freely around each container with at least
2.5 cm clearance between containers and at least 2.5 cm
clearance between the containers and any solid surface.
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E-3 PREPARATION OF OVEN
E-3.1 Position the air outlet orifice so that it is 6 mm
± 3 mm from the opening of the glass container. The
orifice shall also be so positioned that the jet blows
horizontally into the central arc of the opening of the
circling glass container.
E-3.2 Position the thermometer so that the end of
the bulb of the thermometer is within 25.4 mm of an
imaginary line level with the center of the shaft holding
the revolving carriage.
E-3.3 Level the oven so that the horizontal axes of the
glass containers when in position in the carriage are
level to within ± 1.0°.
E-3.4 Start the fan. The fan shall remain on whenever
the oven heater is on and the oven door is closed. This
standard permits (but does not require) the fan to be
stopped when the oven door is opened. Stopping the
fan may be accomplished manually, with an electronic
door interlock, or through other means.
E-3.5 Preheat the oven for a minimum of 16 h prior
to testing with the control thermostat adjusted to the
setting that will be used during the test. This setting
shall be selected such that when the oven is fully loaded
and the air is on, the oven will equilibrate at 163 ±
0.5°C, as indicated by the test thermometer.
E-4 PROCEDURE
E-4.1 The sample as received shall be free of water.
Heat the sample in its container with a loosely fitted
cover in an oven not to exceed 150°C for the minimum
time necessary to ensure that the sample is completely
fluid. Manually stir the sample but avoid incorporating
air bubbles.
E-4.2 Pour 35 ± 0.5 g of the sample into each of the
required glass containers, providing sufficient material
for characterizing tests which are to be run on the
residue.
E-4.3 Immediately after pouring the sample into a
glass container, turn the container to a horizontal
13
IS 15462 : 2019
position. Rotate the container slowly for at least one
full rotation, and attempt to pre-coat its cylindrical
surface. It is not necessary to pre-coat the open end
of the container, and care should be taken to prevent
the sample from flowing out of the container during
this step. Place the container horizontally in a clean
cooling rack that is maintained in a draft-free, room-
temperature location away from ovens and other
sources of heat.
E-4.3.1 Allow the glass sample containers to cool in the
cooling rack for a minimum of 60 min, and a maximum
of 180 min.
E-4.4 With the oven at operating temperature and the
airflow set at 4 000 ± 200 ml/min, arrange the containers
holding the bitumen in the carriage so that the carriage
is balanced. Fill any unused spaces in the carriage
with empty containers. Close the door and rotate the
carriage assembly at a rate of 15 ± 0.2 r/min. Maintain
the samples in the oven with the air flowing and the
carriage rotating for 85 min. The test temperature of
163 ± 0.5°C shall be reached within the first 10 min;
otherwise, discontinue the test.
E-4.5 At the conclusion of the testing period, remove
any samples for mass change determination and place
them horizontally in the cooling rack. Then, remove
each remaining glass sample container, one at a time,
and transfer its contents to a collection container
having a capacity at least 30 percent greater than the
total expected volume of residue. This transfer shall
be accomplished by first pouring out any residue that
will flow freely from the glass sample container and
then scraping out as much of the remaining residue
as practical. While the residue is being removed from
each sample container, the oven door shall remain
closed, with the heater power on, the air on, and the
remaining samples rotating in the carriage. The final
container shall be removed from the oven within 5 min
of removal of the initial container.
E-4.6 After removing the residue from each of the
glass containers, gently stir the collection container to
homogenize the residue without introducing air into it.
Test the residue within 72 h of performing the RTFO
test.
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IS 15462 : 2019
ANNEX F
[ Table 1, Note (2) ]
PREPARATION OF PRESSURIZED AGING VESSEL (PAV) RESIDUE
F-1 OUTLINE OF METHOD
The RTFO test residue (Annex E) is placed in standard
stainless steel pans and aged at the specified conditioning
temperature for 20 h in a vessel pressurized with air
to 2.10 MPa. The conditioning temperature is selected
according to the grade of bitumen binder. The residue
is then vacuum degassed.
F-2 APPARATUS
F-2.1 Pressure Vessel
A stainless steel pressure vessel designed to operate
at 2.1 ± 0.1 MPa between 90 and 110°C with interior
dimensions adequate to hold ten PAV pans and a pan
holder. The pan holder shall be capable of holding
ten PAV stainless steel pans in a horizontal (level)
position, such that the bitumen binder film thickness is
reasonably uniform. The holder shall be designed for
easy insertion and removal from the vessel when the
holder, pans, and bitumen binder are at the conditioning
temperature.
F-2.2 Pressure and Temperature Controlling De-
vices
F-2.2.1 A pressure relief valve that prevents pressure
in the vessel from exceeding the design pressure of the
vessel, but in no case exceeding 2.5 MPa during the
conditioning procedure.
F-2.2.2 A pressure regulator or regulating system
capable of controlling the pressure within the vessel to
± 0.02 MPa, and with a capacity adequate to reduce
the pressure from the source of compressed air, so
that the pressure within the loaded pressure vessel is
maintained at 2.1 ± 0.1 MPa gauge (relative) pressure
during the conditioning process.
F-2.2.3 A slow-release bleed valve or pressure
controller that allows the pressure in the vessel at the
completion of the conditioning procedure to be reduced
from 2.1 MPa to local atmospheric pressure within 8 to
15 min.
F-2.3 Temperature Controlling Device
A digital temperature control device for maintaining the
temperature during the conditioning procedure within
the pressure vessel at the conditioning temperature ±
0.5°C.
F-2.3.1 A heating device (forced-draft oven or fluid
bath) capable of restoring the conditioning temperature
14
within the vessel after loading the pans and the pan
holder and prior to pressurizing the vessel within 2 h
of placing the loaded vessel in the heating device. The
device shall be capable of maintaining the temperature
within the pressure vessel at the conditioning
temperature ± 0.5°C. If an oven is used, the oven
shall have sufficiently large interior dimensions to
allow forced air to freely circulate within the oven and
around the pressure vessel when the vessel is placed in
the oven. The oven shall contain a stand or shelf that
supports the loaded pressure vessel in a level position
above the lower surface of the oven.
F-2.3.2 A pressure vessel with an integral temperature
control system that is capable of restoring the pre-
conditioning temperature, within the vessel after
loading the pans and the pan holder, prior to pressurizing
the vessel within 2 h of placing the loaded vessel in the
heating device, and maintaining the temperature within
the pressure vessel at the conditioning temperature ±
0.5°C.
F-2.4 Temperature and Pressure Measuring
Devices
F-2.4.1 A platinum resistive thermometric device
(RTD) accurate to the nearest 0.1°C, for measuring
temperature inside the pressure vessel. The RTD shall
be calibrated as an integral unit with its respective
metre or electronic circuitry.
F-2.4.2 Temperature Recording Device
A strip chart recorder or other data acquisition system
capable of recording temperature throughout the
conditioning process to within ± 0.1°C at a minimum
interval of once per minute. As an alternative, an
electronic device capable of reporting only maximum
and minimum temperatures (accurate to ± 0.1°C) may
be used.
F-2.4.3 A pressure gauge capable of measuring the
pressure in the pressure vessel to within ± 0.02 MPa
during the conditioning process.
F-2.5 Stainless Steel Pans
Cylindrical pans, each 140 ± 1 mm inside diameter and
9.5 ± 1.5 mm deep, with a flat bottom. Pans shall be
manufactured of stainless steel and shall have a metal
thickness of approximately 0.6 mm.
F-2.6 Balance
With a least count of 1 g.
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F-2.7 Vacuum Oven
A vacuum oven capable of maintaining temperature up
to 180°C with an accuracy of ± 5°C and 15 ± 1.0 kPa
absolute pressure shall be used
F-2.8 Temperature and Vacuum Measuring Devices
F-2.8.1 Temperature Measuring Device
A temperature sensor capable of measuring the vacuum
oven chamber temperature to within ± 5°C.
F-2.8.2 Vacuum Measuring Device
A vacuum gauge, absolute pressure gauge or digital
vacuum measuring system capable of measuring the
absolute pressure in the chamber to within ± 0.5 kPa.
F-2.9 Vacuum System
A vacuum system capable of generating and maintaining
pressure below 15 kPa absolute. Suitable vacuum
systems include a vacuum pump, an air aspirator, or a
house vacuum system.
F-2.10 Oven
An oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 168 ±
5°C, readable to 1°C.
F-3 PROCEDURE
F-3.1 Place the pan holder inside the pressure vessel.
If an oven is used, place the pressure vessel inside the
oven, select a conditioning temperature, and preheat
the pressure vessel to the conditioning temperature
selected.
F-3.2 Condition the bitumen binder in accordance with
RTFO test.
F-3.3 Combine the hot residue from the RTFO test
bottles into a single container, stir to blend, and then
transfer to PAV pans for PAV conditioning, or allow the
hot residue in the container to cool to room temperature
and cover and store at room temperature for PAV
conditioning at a later date. If conditioned bitumen
binder is allowed to cool to room temperature, heat
it until it is sufficiently fluid to pour and stir it before
pouring it into the PAV pans.
F-3.4 Place each PAV pan on a balance and add 50 ±
0.5 g mass of bitumen binder to the pan. This will yield
approximately a 3.2 mm thick film of bitumen binder.
F-3.5 Place the filled pans in the pan holder. Pans
containing bitumen binders from different sources and
grades may be placed in the pressure vessel during a
single conditioning run. Place the pan holder with filled
15
IS 15462 : 2019
pans inside the pressure vessel and close the pressure
vessel.
F-3.6 Connect the temperature transducer line and the
air pressure supply line to the loaded pressure vessel’s
external connections as required by the vessel design
and oven configuration.
F-3.7 Let the temperature inside the pressure vessel
reaches the specified temperature. Apply an air pressure
of 2.10 ± 0.1 MPa and then start timing the conditioning
run. If the temperature inside the vessel has not reached
the desired temperature for applying pressure within
2 h of loading the pan holder and pans, discontinue the
procedure and discard the bitumen samples.
F-3.8 Maintain the temperature and air pressure inside
the pressure vessel for 20 h ± 10 min.
F-3.9 If the temperature indicated by the temperature
recording device rises above or falls below the target
conditioning temperature ± 0.5°C for more than a
total of 60 min during the 20 h conditioning period,
declare the conditioning process invalid and discard
the material. Further, if the temperature indicated
by the temperature recording device varies from
the target aging temperature by more than 5°C for
a total of 10 min, declare the conditioning process
invalid and discard the material. If the pressure at the
end of the conditioning period is outside the range,
declare the conditioning process invalid and discard
the material. If a device capable of recording only
minimum and maximum temperatures was used and
if either the maximum or the minimum temperature
recorded during the 20 h period varies by more than
± 0.5°C from the conditioning temperature, declare
the conditioning process invalid and discard the
material.
F-3.10 At the end of the 20 h conditioning period,
begin the slow reduction of the internal pressure of the
PAV, using the air pressure bleed valve. The bleed valve
should be preset to an opening that requires 8 to 15 min
to equalize the internal and external pressures on the
PAV, thus avoiding excessive bubbling and foaming
of the bitumen binder. Alternatively, the pressure
controller can be programmed to release the pressure
slowly over 15 min. Do not include the pressure release
and equalization time as part of the 20 h conditioning
period.
F-3.11 Vacuum degas the aged samples.
F-3.11.1 Remove the pan holder and pans from the
PAV, and place the pans in an oven set to 168 ± 5°C for
15 ± 1 min.
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IS 15462 : 2019
F-3.11.2 Preheat the vacuum oven to 170 ± 5°C.
F-3.11.3 Remove the pans from the oven and scrape the
hot residue from all pans containing the same sample
into a single container. Select a container of dimensions
such that the depth of the residue in the container is
between 15 and 40 mm. After the last pan of a sample
has been scraped, and if additional containers are to be
prepared, transfer the container to the 168°C warming
oven. After all of the containers have been prepared,
transfer them to the vacuum oven within one minute.
Once the last container has been placed in the vacuum
degassing oven, maintain the temperature at 170 ± 5°C
for 10 ± 1 min.
F-3.11.4 Open the valve to the vacuum system as
rapidly as possible to reduce the pressure to 15 ± 2.5
kPa absolute
16
Maintain the absolute pressure at 15 ± 2.5 kPa for
30 ± 1 min. Release the vacuum and remove the
container. If any bubbles remain on the surface, remove
them by flashing the surface of the PAV residue with a
torch or hot knife.
F-3.12 If tests to determine the properties of the
degassed PAV residue are not performed immediately,
it is permissible to cover and store the samples in their
containers at room temperature for future testing. The
critical steps before testing the conditioned samples
are:
a) Reheating the aged bitumen to 168 ± 5°C for a
maximum of 30 min prior to using the sample for
subsequent tests, and
b) Stirring the sample to ensure homogeneity.
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(Continued from second cover)

In this revision, five performance based grades of PMB have been incorporated taking significant deviation from
the conventional approach. These grades are based on maximum and minimum pavement temperatures. Further,
this revision requires extensive use of rather complex Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Therefore, it is highly
desirable that the laboratory technician is trained well in its use.
While preparing this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from IRC SP 053 : 2010 ‘Guidelines
on use of modified bitumen in road construction’ published by Indian Road Congress and clause 501.2.1 of
specification by MoRTH.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value,
observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).’ The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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Bureau of Indian Standards

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development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: PCD 06 (12977).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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