Cashew Value Chain

Cashew

Collection of Cashew nuts and

Cashew apples

Cashew nut Trader Cashew apple

Drying of Cashew nut Cashew apple Juice

Cashew nut Shells Cashew nut Processing Units Cashew Kernels Cashew apple Cashew apple
Wholes, Splits, Bits candy wine

Cashew
Butter
Cashew apple
Sugar coated cashew nuts Roasted and salted cashew nuts Pomase
(Animal feed)

Cashew nut Shell Liquid CSNL based Products (Resin, Cardenol)

Export Market Domestic Market

 TCP/CMB/2901
Cambodia – Value chain

Commodity:
Cashew nut
Level- I: Cashew nut Drying

No. Features Categorization

1 End use: Post harvest Treatment-Drying of cashew nut to storage/Processing

moisture level

Raw cashew nut when picked from the orchards has high moisture content and
required to be dried before processing and / or storage. Dried cashew nut fetches a
correct price (higher price).

2 Integration
Status: The product is a ready for marketing as raw material for Cashew
nut processing factories. Dried raw nuts are also exported directly.

3 Technology: Technology is simple and very well established. Cashew nut is

harvested / picked during summer season when there is good
sunshine, Sun drying is the normal practice. A Cement concrete
drying yard is used for drying cashew nuts. About 20 Kg/m2 is
spread with frequent turning of the nuts using garden poker or a
shovel.

4 Equipment: Only equipment needed for sun drying of cashew nuts is a shovel
and pokers for frequent turning of the nuts in the drying yard.
Mechanical dryers can be used but the costs involved may not
justify the use of mechanical dryers for cashew nuts.

5 Investment: Low investment

6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be
exported. In Cambodia there is only one cashew nut processing
unit of 4-tones/day capacity. Thus if nut production is more than
1000 tones per year it has to be exported till such time more
processing units are established. There appear to be good demand
from the neighboring countries.

TCP/CMB/2901
Cambodia – Value chain

Commodity:
Cashew nut
Level – I:
Cashew nut processing unit - Primary Processing of Cashew nut

No. Features Categorization

1 End use: Cashew Kernels

Cashew kernels are ready to eat products and can be used in almost food
preparations. Cashew Kernels are also the basic raw material in the production of
cashew nut butter. Further Value addition to the Kernels is possible by roasting and
salting the nuts or sugar coating the nuts. Cashew kernels and other value added
kernels can be packed under nitrogen / Carbon dioxide for enhancing the shelf life.
Such nuts are usually priced higher. Cashew shells (Waste from the processing of
cashew nut) is used for the manufacture of Cashew shell resin (CSNL) or used as
fuel in the processing unit itself.

2 Integration The product is a ready to market / use product and can also be an
Status: intermediate product in the manufacture of roasted, coated nuts and
cashew butter.

3 Technology: Technology is very well established and is available as part of the

plant and machinery. However both technology production and
plant machinery have to be imported. India can supply technology
and plant and machinery for cashew nut processing as well as for
CSNL and other down stream products. Apna Industries and
Gayathri Enterprises are the few suppliers from India). Sri Lanka
Cashew nut Development Board also provides technology and
Machinery for processing cashew nut.
4 Equipment: Equipment has to be imported from other countries such as India,
Vietnam, Thailand, Italy and Sri Lanka. Italy can supply a
continuous shelling machine for cashew nut. Indian Institute f
Technology at Kharagpur, India has developed a Continuous
shelling machine for cashew nut.

5 Investment: Medium investment: US $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 depending upon

the capacity and product mix.

6 Markets The product is for domestic market as well as for export.

TCP/CMB/2901
Cambodia – Value chain

Commodity:
Cashew nut
Level- II
Value added products from Cashew kernels – roasted ad coated cashew nuts

No. Features Categorization

1 End use: Value added product from cashew kernel

Roasted and salted nuts as well as Sugar coated nuts are mainly used as tea –time
snack
2 Integration
Status: The product is a ready to market.

3 Technology: Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The

equipment needed can be locally fabricated.
4 Equipment:
Equipment required is roasting pan or rotating type roaster either
electrical or gas fired, Coating Pans and salting pans and vacuum
packing machine. The equipment can be locally fabricated or can
be imported from neighboring countries.

5 Investment: Low investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery id in the

range of $ 5000 - $15000 depending upon the capacity)

6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be
exported.

TCP/CMB/2901
Cambodia – Value chain

Commodity:
Cashew nut
Level- II
Utilization of Cashew apple for the production of Juice, Cashew apple candy and
jam.

No. Features Categorization

1 End use: Value added product from cashew apple

Cashew apple is rich in vitamin C (5-7 times more than that of oranges). Cashew
apple juice, jam and candy are therefore rich sources of vitamin C and can find
ready market like other similar products.
2 Integration
Status: The product is a ready to market.
3 Technology: Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The
technology is available from Philippines, Brazil and from India
(CFTRI). The astringent and acrid taste of cashew fruit has been
traced to the tannin content and an unidentified oily substance. Two
successful methods for removing bad flavors are to steam for 5
minutes at 0.4 kg/m3 plus subsequent cold water rinsing, and to
cook the fruit in a 2% common salt solution for 3-4 minutes.
Cooking in the salt solution results in a slight salty taste. a third
method, tannin precipitation with gelatin added to juice has also
been successful.
The process for Jam and candy is similar to that of other fruit jams
and candies.
4 Equipment: A hand-operated, home-constructed fruit juice expeller developed
in the Philippines is reportedly capable of processing 138 kg fruit
per hour and yielded 109 liters juice/h. Approximately 30-40% of
the fruit by weight remains after the juice is extracted. CFTRI
Mysore, India; has developed a large-scale juice extractor for
cashew apple. The equipment for Jam and candies can be locally
fabricated.
5 Investment: Low – Medium investment. (Investment in Plant and
Machinery is in the range of $ 8000 - $50000 depending upon
the capacity)

6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be
exported. The residue after juice extraction can be used as animal
feed ingredient.

TCP/CMB/2901
Cambodia – Value chain

Commodity:
Cashew nut
Level- II
Utilization of Cashew apple for the production of Cashew apple wine.

No. Features Categorization

1 End use: Value added product from cashew apple

Cashew apple is rich in vitamin C (5-7 times more than that of oranges). Cashew
apple wine is potable liquor.

2 Integration The product is a ready to market.

Status:
3 Technology:
Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The
technology is available from Philippines, Brazil and from India
(CFTRI). The astringent and acrid taste of cashew fruit has been
traced to the tannin content and an unidentified oily substance. Two
successful methods for removing bad flavors are to steam for 5
minutes at 0.4 kg/m3 plus subsequent cold water rinsing, and to
cook the fruit in a 2% common salt solution for 3-4 minutes.
Cooking in the salt solution results in a slight salty taste. a third
method, tannin precipitation with gelatin added to juice has also
been successful.
Juice is fermented in a similar manner like Palm juice or grape
juice. Fermented juice is filtered and bottled and is known as
Cashew apple wine. Wine is further concentrated in Pot stills to
produce Cashew apple brandy. Technology is available from
CFTRI, Mysore, India.
4 Equipment: The Plant and machinery for the production of Cashew apple wine
and brandy need to be imported from India, Brazil or the
Philippines.

5 Investment: Medium to High investment. (Investment in Plant and

Machinery is in the range of $ 50000 - $100000 depending upon
the capacity)

6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be
exported.

TCP/CMB/2901
Cambodia – Value chain

Commodity:
Cashew nut
Level- III
Products from Cashew Nut Shell-CSNL, Resin, Dusting Powder and Cardenol

No. Features Categorization

1 End use: Waste / By product (Cashew nut Shell) utilization and Value added
product from cashew nut shell liquid
 CNSL is used in the manufacture of brake linings, industrial belting and clutches,
reinforcing synthetic rubber, for oil and acid resistance, in lacquers, in electrical
insulation material, as a metal anti-corrosive material, for waterproofing and as an
adhesive. The use of CNSL in varnishes, lacquers, paints and brake linings requires
distillation and further refinement. Also, due to the requirement of large amounts of
solvent it would be more economic to import synthetic resin into developing
countries.
CNSL exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and
weak antifungal activity against molds. Traditionally it is to treat such scurvy,
sores, warts, ringworm and psoriasis. It could be a source of new antimicrobial
agents, especially for use in foods and cosmetics.

2 Integration
Status: The product is a ready to market.

3 Technology:
Technology is very well established and is available from
Machinery suppliers. Apna Industries, Chennai is one such
technology provider. Technology can also be got from National
Research and Development Council (NRDC), New Delhi.

4 Equipment: Plant and Machinery is available from M/s Apna Industries,

Chennai, India

5 Investment: Medium – High investment. (Investment in Plant and

Machinery is in the range of $ 50000 - $150000 depending upon
the capacity)

6 Markets
The product is mainly for export market (USA and Europe)