Adrian A.

Patanao
AMTE 130 – 11B
Turbo jet engine is a jet engine which produces all of its thrust by ejecting a high energy gas
stream from the engine exhaust nozzle. In contrast to a turbofan or bypass engine, 100% of the
air entering the intake of a turbojet engine goes through the engine core.
Turbojet aircraft work on the principle of accelerating a relatively small mass of air to a high
speed. As optimum efficiency is achieved when the speed of the accelerated air approximates
that of the aircraft, turbojet engines do not reach peak efficiency until speeds approaching mach
2. For sub-mach speeds, a turbofan engine is significantly more efficient and also much quieter
due to the greater mass and lower speed of the exhaust stream leaving the engine.
Turboprop engine is a variant of a jet engine that has been optimised to drive a propeller.
Turboprop equipped aircraft are very efficient at lower flight speeds (less than mach 0.6),
burning less fuel per seat-mile and requiring significantly less runway for takeoff and landing
than a turbojet or turbofan powered aircraft of the same size. When the aircraft is used over
relatively short distances, these cost and performance benefits offset the lower speed making
turboprops the engine of choice for most commuter aircraft. Examples of turboprop powered
aircraft include the Bombardier Dash 8, the Alenia ATR 42 and the Pilatus PC-12.
A turboprop engine is very similar to a turboshaft and many engines are available in both
variants. The principal difference between the two is that the turboprop version must be designed
to support the loads of the attached propeller whereas a turboshaft engine need not be as robust
as it normally drives a transmission which is structurally supported by the vehicle and not by the
engine itself.
Turboshaft engine is a variant of a jet engine that has been optimised to produce shaft power to
drive machinery instead of producing thrust. Turboshaft engines are most commonly used in
applications that require a small, but powerful, light weight engine, inclusive of helicopters
and auxiliary power units.
A turboshaft engine is very similar to a turboprop and many engines are available in both
variants. The principal difference between the two is that the turboprop version must be designed
to support the loads of the attached propeller whereas a turboshaft engine need not be as robust
as it normally drives a transmission which is structurally supported by the vehicle and not by the
engine itself.
Turbofan engine, sometimes referred to as a fanjet or bypass engine, is a jet engine variant
which produces thrust using a combination of jet core efflux and bypass air which has been
accelerated by a ducted fan that is driven by the jet core. The ratio of the mass of air bypassing
the engine core versus the mass of the air going through the core is referred to as a the bypass
ratio. A turbofan engine that derives most of its thrust from the jet engine core efflux is referred
to as low bypass engine whereas an engine that derives most of its thrust from the fan is referred
to as a high bypass engine. In general, low bypass engines are most commonly found in military
applications, and may be equipped with an afterburner, whereas high bypass turbofan engines are

the prevalent design in today's commercial aviation jet engines.