DR.

RAKESH GOSAVI

DNB ORTHOPAEDIC QUESTION BANK FROM 2011 TO JUNE 2018

INDEX

Serial No. Topic Page No.

1 Anatomy 2
2 Amputation 3
3 Arthropathy 4
4 Arthroplasty 6
5 Basic Science 9
6 General Orthopaedics 12
7 Congenital Anomalies 16
8 Paediatric Disorders 19
9 Upper Limb Fractures 22
10 Lower Limb Fractures 24
11 Spine Fractures 27
12 Paediatric Fractures 29
13 Special Fractures 31
14 Shoulder & Elbow 32
15 Hand 33
16 Hip 35
17 Knee 36
18 Foot & Ankle 37
19 Implant 38
20 Infections 40
21 Investigations 43
22 Metabolic Disorders 44
23 Nerve Injuries 46
24 Non Union 49
25 Orthotics & Prosthesis 50
26 PSM 51
27 Recent Advances 52
28 Spine Disorders 54
29 Sports Injuries 56
30 Surgical Approaches 59
31 Tumors 61
32 Miscellaneous 64

- Dr. Rakesh Gosavi (DNB Resident)

Govt. R.D.B.P. Jaipuria Hospital, Jaipur

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 DR. RAKESH GOSAVI

ANATOMY
JUNE 2018
 A) write the extensor mechanism of finger with its diagram
B) Describe in brief development of proximal end femur.
C) Blood supply of femoral head.

 Anatomy of arches of foot.

 Histological zone of growth plate

 Surgical anatomy of lower end radius

 Anatomy of rotator cuff of shoulder joint

June 2017
 Anatomy of Rotator cuff.

 Nerve supply of urinary bladder.

 Blood supply of scaphoid bone.

December 2016
 Blood supply of femoral head in various age groups.
April 2016
 Describe with diagram the extensor expansion of finger.

 What are the attachments on greater tronchanter?

June 2015
 Flexor zones of hand.
December 2014

 Describe the anatomy of common peroneal nerve (CPN).

 Iliotibial band
June 2013
 Blood supply of scaphoid bone

 Describe the blood supply of femoral head. How does it differ in children and adults?

 Describe the anatomy of parathyroid gland.

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AMPUTATIONS

June 2018
 A) Indications of amputation.
B) Surgical principles of amputation in children.
C) Levels of various foot amputations; their indications & disadvantages
December 2018

 A) Level of Syme’s amputation.

B) Merits & demerits of Syme’s amputation.
C) Modification of Syme’s amputation
D) Prosthetic management after Syme’s amputation.

 A) Define amputation
B) Enumerate the indications for amputation
C) Discuss any one objective method to decide amputation / limb salvage after traumatic limb
injury.
December 2015

 A) Indications and complications of amputation.

B) Early management of closed above Knee amputation.
December 2013

 Discuss the indications of amputation. Discuss the principles of amputations in children and
adults.
June 2013
 Discuss the absolute and relative indications of amputation.

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ARTHROPATHY
June 2018
 A) What is gout?
B) Differences between gout and pseudo gout?
C) Management of gout in middle aged women?

 A) Enumerate various deformities of rheumatoid hand

B) Management of deformities of rheumatoid hand
December 2017
 A) Etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
B) Common deformities of rheumatoid hand & their mechanism
C) Enumerate the various drugs used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
June 2016
 Sacroiliitis – Etiology & diagnosis.
April 2016
 Biological agents used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
December 2015
 A) Diffrentiate between Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
B) Management of osteoarthritis of knee in an elderly.

 Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of Rheumatoid arthritis.

June 2015
 DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis.
December 2014

 Clinical features of gout & management of acute attack of gout?

 A) Methotrexate in orthopedic practice.

B) Chymopapain.
December 2013
 Define and enumerate the etiology of ‘Neuropathic Arthropathy’. Discuss in brief the diagnosis
and principles of its management.

 Briefly describe the clinical presentations in ‘rheumatoid hand’. Discuss in brief the
pathoanatomy of these lesions.

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December 2012
 Describe in brief etiology, pathology, clinical presentation and the principles of management of
Charcot’s joints.
December 2011
 Describe the pathology, diagnosis and broad principles of management of ankylosing
spondylitis.

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ARTHROPLASTY
June 2018
 A) Types of proximal tibial osteotomies in children and adults.
B) Indications and contraindications of high tibial osteotomy for O.A.Knee.
C) Technique of high tibial osteotomy.

 Indications, contraindications and biomechanics of reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

 A) Unicompartmental Knee arthroplasty indications.

B) Advantages & disadvantages of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
C) Complications of unicompartmental Knee arthroplasty.
December 2017
 A) Role of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in total Knee arthroplasty
B) Benefits of PCL retention prosthesis
C) Benefits of PCL substitution prosthesis

 A) Indicaction & contraindications of total elbow arthroplasty

B) What are the complications of total elbow arthroplasty
C) Changes in design to reduce complications
June 2017
 Clinical and radiological features of aseptic loosening after cementless THA ( total hip
arthroplasty).

 A) Role of templating in Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA).

B) Outline the steps of templating in protrusio acetabuli and a laterised hip with suitable
diagrams.

 A) Role of navigation in Total Knee arthroplasty

B) What precautions you will take while doing total Knee arthroplasty with fixed flexion and
valgus deformity in Knee?

 Recent advamces in cup and stem designs of cemented and uncemnted hips.
December 2016
 A) Outline the technical steps to achieve desired degree of version of acetabular & femoral
components during THR.
B) What is combined angle of anteversion?
C) How will you modify your version in a case of fixed lumbar lordosis or flat back?

 Evolution of different generations of cementing techniques in arthroplasty

 A) Bearing surfaces in total hip replacement.

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B) Investigation and management of dislocation of hip after total hip arthroplasty.

 A) Principles of reverse shoulder replacement. Enumerate its indications.

B) Radial head prosthesis – Design & technique of implantation.

 A) Enumerate the causes of painful stiff Knee after total Knee replacement
B) How will you investigate and manage such a case?
June 2016
 A) Outline the biomechanical principles of total Knee replacement.
B) Gap Balancing technique.

 A) What is the role of PCL in Knee arthroplasty?

B) Benefits of PCL retention Vs substitution.
April 2016
 Types and principles of high tibial osteotomy for osteoarthrosis.

 A) Define tribology.
B) Recent advances in biomaterials in joint replacements to increase their longevity.
December 2015
 A) Common surgical factors affecting the early outcome of total hip arthroplasty.
B) Recent advances in the field of total hip arthroplasty.
June 2015

 A) What is reverse shoulder arthroplasty.?

B) How is it different from conventional shoulder arthroplasty?

 A) Enumerate the bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty.

B) Advantages and disadvantages of each bearing surfaces.
December 2014
 Draw diagram(s) of anatomic and biomechanical axis of lower limb & briefly discuss the
biomechanical principles of total Knee replacement.
June 2014
 List the various generations of cementing technique. Discuss their differences in brief.

 Describe the role of PCL in Knee arthroplasty. Discuss the benefits of PCL retention v/s
substitution.
December 2013
 Write short notes on:
A) High tibial osteotomy
B) Valgus deformity (Hip)

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 Enumerate complications of total knee arthroplasty. Classify periprosthetic fractures and discuss
their management.

June 2013
 Combined angle of anteversion during total hip arthroplasty.

December 2012
 What is reverse shoulder replacement? How is it different from conventional shoulder
arthroplasty? Enumerate the indications and biochemical basis of the design of this prosthesis.

 Classify perioperative femoral stem fractures around the hip joint. Discuss the treatment
options.

 Describe the anatomy of posterior cruciate ligament. Discuss the pros and cons of cruciate
retaining Vs cruciate sacrificing total knee replacement.
June 2012
 Ceramic bearing surfaces in arthroplasty.
December 2011
 Discuss the surgical options in the treatment of mild medial compartment osteoarthrosis of
Knee in a 40 years old man.
 Discuss ceramics as bearing surface in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

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BASIC SCIENCE
JUNE 2018
 A) Stages of fracture healing?
B)Describe various patterns of fracture healing after intramedullary nailing, locked plates and
dynamic compression.

 A) What is limb length discrepancy?

B) Classification of limb length discrepancy.
C) Management of limb length discrepancy due to congenital pseudoarthrosis tibia in children

 A) Types of tourniquets used in orthopaedic surgery

B) Principles of usage of tourniquet
C) Complication of tourniquet in orthopaedic surgery and its management

 A) What is free vascularized bone graft?

B) Role of free vascularized bone graft, allograft and bone substitues in orthopaedics.
DECEMBER 2017
 A) Define gait.
B) Outline phases of gait.
C) Define eccentric & concentric muscle contraction.
D) Give one example of each contraction in the gait cycle.
June 2016
 A) What are the types of fracture healing?
B) Outline stages of endochondral fracture repair.
December 2016
 A) Use of Plaster of Paris in orthopedics and precautioins in applying hip spica
B) Principles of functional cast bracing.

 A) Types of bone grafts

B) Principles of bone banking.

 A) Histology of growth plate.

B) Factors causing growth disturbance.
C) Principles of guided growth modulation.
June 2016
 A) Phases of gait cycle.
B) Trendelenburg gait.
C) Why a patient with hip pain walks with a stick in the opposite hand? Illustrate your answer
with suitable diagrams.

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April 2016
 Define Gait. What are its phases and enumerate various pathological gaits with their causes.

 Bone graft substitutes.

December 2015

 A) Fracture healing.
B) Various factors influencing fracture healing.

 Bone bank and the role of allografts in orthopaedic practice.

 Distraction Histogenesis.
June 2015

 A) Gait cycle.
B) List various types of gaits.
C) Features of antalgic and Trendelenburg gait.

 A) Properties of bone graft.

B) Different types of bone grafts, bone graft substitute and their incorporation.

 Primary fracture healing and secondary fracture healing.

December 2014
 Bone cement.

 Corticotomy
June 2014
 Describe the stages of fracture healing. List the factors influencing the fracture healing. What
are the causes of nonunion?

 Allograft – Definition, types, principles of preparation, adavantages and disadvantages.

 Define distraction histogenesis. Discuss the principles of distraction histiogenesis. Enumerate

the indications of distraction histiogenesis in orthopaedic practice.
December 2013

 What is bone cement? What are the indications and contraindications for its usage? What are
the methods of bone cementing? Mention its complications.

 Describe various bone graft substitute, their method of application, ways of incorporation and
complications.

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June 2013
 Describe bone healing. Discuss factors influencing bone healing.

 Write short notes on:

A) BMP
B) Allografts

 Describe the gross physical features of synovial fluid. Discuss the characteristics features in
various pathological conditions vis a vis microscopic and biochemical analysis.

 Bone cement
December 2012
 Primary bone healing and secondary bone healing.
June 2012
 Describe the structure of bone with illustrative diagram(s).

 Describe the methods used for augmentation of fracture healing.

December 2011
 Bone morphogenic protein

 Describe ‘free vascularized bone transplant’. Discuss the principles of technique and applications
in Orthopaedic practice.

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GENERAL ORTHOPAEDICS
June 2018
 A) What is Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)?
B) Describe its type and stages.
C) Diagnostic criteria and management of CRPS.

 Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of gas gangrene in lower extremity.

December 2017
 A) What is Virchow’s traid?
B) Enumerate the risk factors for developing deep vein Thrombosis (DVT).
C) Prophylactic treatment for DVT.

 A) What is Flail chest?

B) Clinical features of Flail chest and its diagnostic methods in Emergency room
C) Acute and definitive management of flail chest.

 A) Effects of polytrauma on respiratory physiology.

B) What is ‘second hit phenomena’?
C) Principles of damage control Orthopaedics.

 A) Discuss wound ballistics briefly.

B) Pathologic anatomy of ballistic wounds and its management principles
June 2017

 A) Patho- physiology of compartment syndrome.

B) Clinical signs of compartment syndrome.
C) Principles of management of compartment syndrome.
December 2016
 A) ATLS guidelines in polytrauma management.
B) Early Total Care (ETC) in polytrauma and its indications.

 Myositis ossificans – Diagnosis and management.

 Role of Virchow’s triad in the pathogenesis of DVT.

June 2016
 A) How will you treat a “Borderline patient” of Polytrauma?
B) Hypotensive resuscitation.

 A) Pathophysiology of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with skeletal trauma.

B) Discuss the chemical prophylaxis options, with pros and cons of each modality.

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 Reperfusion injury
April 2016
 A) Epiphysiodesis.
B) Callotasis.

 A) What is Grover’s sign?

B) Clinical findings, investigations, pathology and treatment with prognosis of Duchenne’s
muscular dystrophy.

 Fat embolism syndrome.

 Damage control surgery in orthopaedics.

 Fluid management and clinical monitoring of a polytrauma patient with haemorrhagic shock.
December 2015
 Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, prevention and management of Volkmann’s ischaemic
contracture.

 What is thoracic outlet syndrome? Discuss briefly about its various causes.

 Myositis ossficans – Diagnosis & management.

 A) Define polytrauma
B) Clinical presentation, complications and general principles of management of polytrauma.

 Crush syndrome.

 Terrible triad of death.

June 2015
 Pathophysiological, diagnosis and management of fat embolism syndrome.

 A) Define compartment syndrome.

B) Clinical features, investigation and management of acute compartment syndrome of leg.
December 2014
 What is cast syndrome? Enumerate its clinical symptoms and discuss its management.

 Damage control orthopedics.

 Define “virchow’s Triad. Discuss the management of DVT.

 Necrotizing fasciitis.

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 What is pneumatic tourniquet? Discuss its uses, complications & safety guidelines.
June 2014
 Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of acute compartment
syndrome.
December 2013
 Briefly describe the etiology, diagnosis and management of ‘Thoracic Outlet Syndrome’.

 Discuss in brief etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of gas gangrene.

 Tourniquet in Orthopaedics

 Effects of reaming of bone.

 Define shock. Discuss management of shock in a polytrauma patient.

 Necrotisisng fasciitis.

 Write short notes on:

A) Wound Ballistics
B) Fat embolism.
June 2013
 What is re-perfusion injury? How can we prevent it? Outline the principles of its management.

 Plaster of paris

 Describe the etiology, clinical features and treatment of Sudeck’s atrophy.

 Describe IIizarov fixator and corticotomy. How will you manage a case of defect non-union?

 Myosistis ossificans.

 What is “VAC”? How will you manage a case of compound fracture tibia having no neurovascular
deficit?

 What is damage control orthopaedics? How will you manage a case of fracture shaft of femur
with lung contusions in an adult.?
December 2012
 What is compartment syndrome? Discuss etiology, clinical picture and management of
compartment syndrome of leg.

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 Define a “Borderline” patient of polytrauma. Discuss the clinical/ investigative parameters to

decide whether the patient should be managed by Early Total Care (ETC) / Damage Control
orthopaedics (DCO).

 Enumerate various bleeding disorders encountered in orthopedic practice. What is s hemophilic

pseudotumor? Discuss its management.

June 2012
 Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis of Heterotopic
ossification.

 Discuss the management of deep vein thrombosis in orthopedic patients.

 Discuss anatomical basis of thoracic outlet syndrome and its management.

 Describe the musculoskeletal manifestations of sickle cell anemia.

 Describe gait cycle. List various types of gait with diagnostic features.

December 2011
 Describe the pathophysiology of polytrauma patient and discuss the principles of Damage
Control Orthopedics.

 Discuss the etiopathology, diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of D.V.T.

 Discuss the pathophysiology and principles of treatment of Heterotopic ossification.

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CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
December 2017
 A) What is Pes cavus?
B) Classification of Pes cavus.
C) Causes of Pes cavus.
D) Coleman’s block test and its interpretation in Pes cavus.

 A) Classify congenital failure of formation of limbs

B) Pappas classification for congenital femoral deficiency.
C) Management protocol according to Pappas classification

 A) What is tibia vara?

B) Classify tibia vara.
C) Conventional management of tibia vara and recent advances in its management.

 Madelung’s deformity:
A) Classification
B) Pathological anatomy
C) Management protocol
June 2017
 Classification of cavus deformity.

 A) Symotoms and clinical signs of a rigid pes planus deformity.

B) Radiological features of congenital vertical tallus.

 Clinical features, radiological features, differential diagnosis and management principles of

unilateral coxa vara in a toddler.
December 2016
 A) Classify torticollis.
B) Management of torticollis.
C) Sprengel shoulder deformity.
June 2016
 A) Define coxa vara.
B) Etiology, clinical features and management of congenital coxa vara.

 A) Clinical and radiological features of congenital vertical talus.

B) Differential diagnosis and management of congenital vertical talus.
April 2016
 A) Metatarsus adductus.
B) Congenital dislocation of patella.

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 Tibialisation of fibula.
December 2015
 Angular deformity of Knee in children.

 Triple deformity of knee.

June 2015
 Tibial hemimelia.

 Treatment of unilateral DDH in an 18 month old child.

 Congenital vertical talus.

December 2014
 Define torticollis. Enumerate signs and symptoms of congenital torticollis in a 9 year old child.
How will you manage spasmodic torticollis in a child?

 A) Cleidocranial dysostosis
B) Genu valgum

 Cubitus valgus.
June 2014
 Describe the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Madelung deformity.
December 2013
 Metatarsus adductus

 Describe the classification and principles of management of congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia.

 Ehlers Danlos syndrome.

June 2013
 Congenital muscular torticollis
December 2012

 Madelung deformity.

 Describe the classification, clinical features and management of tibial hemimelia.

 Describe the pathology, clinical features, radiological ( X-ray) findings and treatment of
diaphyseal actasis.

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 Quadriceps contracture of infancy and childhood.

June 2012
 Describe the etiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of Madelung’s deformity.

 Classify congenital skeletal limb deficiencies.

 Intoeing gait

 Write brief notes on:

A) Clinical and radiological features of scurvy
B) Adolescent coxa vara
December 2011
 A) Radial Club Hand
B) Congenital Vertical Talus

 Congenital Torticollis

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PAEDIATRIC DISORDERS
June 2018
 A) Enumerate causes of painless limp.
B) What is Perthes disease?
C) Classification and management of Perthes disease.
December 2017
 A) Define cerebral palsy (CP)
B) Classify cerebral palsy.
C) Principles of dorsal root rhizotomy in management of static CP.

 A) Stulberg classification in Perthes disease

B) What is hinged abduction?
C) Management principles / techniques for hinged abduction and coxa magna in healed Perthes
disease.

 A) Causes of intoeing of gait

B) Radiological investigations and their interpretation in intoeing of gait.
C) Its management protocol
December 2016
 A 5 years old child starts developing a progressive valgus deformity of tibia after an insignificant
trauma to the Knee. What is the possible cause and pathogenesis of such a deformity? How will
you treat this condition.?

 A) Clinical and radiological features of developomental dysplasia of hip.

B) Types of pelvic osteotomies for acetabular dysplasia.

 A) Patho-anatomy and Pirani scoring in congenital talipes equino varus.

B) Steps of Ponsetti manipulation and serial cast application.

 A) Define Perthes’s disease

B) Aetiological factors, classification systems and head at risk signs of Perthes disease.
June 2016
 A) Clinical features and pathophysiology of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE).
B) What could be the medical conditions associated with it?
C) What is the difference in the radiological picture of Delbet type-1 fracture neck femur and
SCFE?

 A) Define cerebral palsy and write about its classification based on the pattern of involvement.
B) Clinical features of “crouch gait” and its management.

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April 2016
 Sequalae of septic hip in an infant.

 A) Congenital talipes equinovarus: Pirani scoring and Ponseti Plaster cast technique with
reference to its patho-anatomy.
B) Role of ultrasonography in developmental dysplasia of the hip.

 Battered baby syndrome.

December 2015
 A) Enumerate various causes of limp in a child.
B) Clinical features and management of painful limp with high grade fever in a 5 year old child.

 A) Enumerate various causes of coxa vora.

b) Diagnosis and management of Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis.
December 2014
 Steps of Ponsetti methods of CTEV correction.
June 2014
 Enumerate the differential diagnosis of a limping child ( 10 years). Differentiate between a case
of septic arthritis with transient synovitis.

 Define Tom Smith’s hip arthritis. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and sequalae.
December 2013
 Describe in brief the patho-anatomy, diagnosis and outlines of management of congenital
dysplasia of the hip.

 Ponseti technique in CTEV.

June 2013

 Discuss the patho- anatomy of congenital talipes equino varus.

 Describe the clinical features of osteogenesis imperfecta. Discuss the types of osteogenesis
imperfecta. How does it differ from Battered Baby syndrome?
December 2012
 Describe the classification of perthe’s disease. Enumerate ‘Head at Risk’ signs. List prognostic
factors in perthe’s disease.

 Pathoanatomy of clubfoot.

 Scurvy

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June 2012
 Discuss the differential diagnosis and investigation in an 8 year old child with persistent limp.

 Describe the etiopathology and management of slipped capito-femoral epiphysis (SCFE).

December 2011
 List the causes of limp in an 8 year old child. Describe the differentiating features of septic
arthritis with transient synovitis.

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UPPER LIMB FRACTURES

June 2018
 A) Classify the lower end radius fractures.
B) Describe management of comminuted fracture of lower end of radius.

 A) Management of Holstein Lewis fracture.

December 2017

 A) Terrible traid in elbow fracture dislocations

B) Clinical presentation in acute cases
C) Management outline
D) Short terms & long terms complications

 A) Classify acromioclavicular joint injuries.

B) Imaging techniques for its diagnosis.
C) Management protocol according to classification.
June 2017
 A) Perilunate fracture dislocation and its management in an acute cases.
B) Potential complications of a chronic perilunate fracture dislocation.

 A) Classify scaphoid fracture.

b) Management of displaced, unstable scaphoid fractures.
December 2016
 A) Management of Volar Barton’s fracture.

 B) Pathological anatomy and management of trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation.

June 2016
 A) Classify fractures of proximal humerus.
B) What is the relevance of blood supply of humeral head in planning management of fracture
of proximal humerus?
C) Management of four part fracture in an elderly man.

 A) Management of fracture shaft humerus with radial nerve palsy.

B) What is Holstein Lewis lesion and its management?

 A) Sideswipe injuries if elbow.

B) How will you manage such cases?

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December 2015
 A) Classify traumatic dislocation of shoulder.
B) Diagnosis and management of neglected posterior dislocation of shoulder in a young adult.
June 2015
 Classification of fracture of distal end of radius.
December 2013

 Classify proximal humerus fractures and discuss the management in elderly patients and its
compliucations.

 Classify Glenoid fractures and discuss its management. What is floating shoulder and how is it
managed?

 Enumerate various factors responsible for post traumatic stiffness of elbow. Discuss the
management of stiff elbow.
June 2013
 What are the indications of excision of head of radius? Describe the postero-lateral approach.
December 2012

 Classify acromioclavicular joint injuries. Discuss diagnosis and management.

 What are the components of ‘Terrible traid of the Elbow”? Describe the mechanism and
principles of management.

 Discuss the diagnosis of radial nerve palsy. Suggest the treatment guidelines for closed fracture
of humerus with radial nerve palsy.

June 2012
 Describe the classification of distal humeral fractures in adults. Describe the surgical approaches
used for internal fixation of these fractures.

 Describe the blood supply of scaphoid. Discuss the treatment of nonunion of scaphoid fracture.

 Describe the mechanism of injury of Radial Head Fracture. Discuss its classification and
management.

December 2011
 Classify distal radius fractures. Describe radiological indices of wrist. Discuss the treatment
principles of extra-articular distal radius fractures.

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LOWER LIMB FRACTURE

June 2018
 A) Classification of acetabular fracture.
B) Describe necessary radiological views for diagnosis of acetabular fracture.
C) Surgical management of posterior column acetabular fracture.

 A) Describe Hoffa’s fracture.

B) Mechanism of injury of Hoffa’s fracture.
C) Diagnosis and management of Hoffa’s fracture.

 A) What is Lisfranc joint?

B) Classsify the Lisfranc joint injury.
C) Management of Lisfranc injury with complications.

 A) What is unstable trochanteric fracture?

B) Briefly discuss the various methods of treatment of unstable trochanteric fracture.
December 2017
 A) Classify tibial condylar fractures
B) Outline its management principles according to classification.
C) Potential complications of tibual condylar fractures and their management.
June 2017
 A) Classify the ankle fractures (Give any one system)
B) How will you manage supination external rotation injury?

 How will you manage Gustilo- Anderson Type IIIb fracture of distal femur?
December 2016
 A) Classify distal femoral fractures.
B) Management algorithm for such fractures.
June 2016
 A) Classification of fracture neck of talus
B) Outline the principles of its management.
c) What is Hawkin’s Sign?

 A) Classify tibial plateau fractures.

B) Ideal time and technique for fixation of a type IV tibial plateau fracture.

 A) Classify trochanteric fractures of hip.

b) Pros and cons of their management with DHS/PFN.

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December 2015
 A) Classify open fractures.
B) Management of open fractures of shaft tibia in a tertiary care setting.

 A) Classify acetabular fractures.

B) Role of radiological investigations in management of acetabular fractures.

 A) Acute management of traumatic Knee dislocation.

B) Classify multi-ligament knee injury & principles of managing such cases.
June 2015
 A) Classify tibial plateau fractures.
B) Mechanism of injury, evaluation and treatment of each type.

 A) Classify calcaneal fractures.

B) Management principles and complications of calcaneal fracture.

 Hoffa’s fracture.

 A) Classify neglected femoral neck fracture in adult.

B) Treatment with rationale in each type of neglected femoral neck fracture.

December 2013

 Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and management of an infected fracture shaft femur in an adult
after surgery for the fracture.

 Classify fracture neck of talus. Discuss their management. What is Hawkin’s sign?

June 2013
 Describe the clinical presentation of posterior dislocation of hip. How will you reduce it by
Bigelow’s method? Discuss causes which make reduction difficult. Enumerate complications of
posterior dislocation of hip.

 Classify pelvic fractures. Describe various radiological views for assessing pelvic injuries. How will
you manage rotationally unstable pelvic injuries?

 Describe the design of pelvic ‘C’ clamp. What are the indication of its application and method to
fix an unstable fracture?
December 2012
 Describe the mechanism of injury and classification of tibial pilon fracture. Discuss the
management

 Classify acetabular fracture. Outline the treatment of each fracture type.

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June 2012
 Describe the classification, clinical features and management of Lisfranc’s fracture dislocation.

 Describe the Sander’s classification of calcaneal fractures and discuss the treatment of each
type.

December 2011
 Classify proximal tibial fractures. Outline the management of type IV, V, and VI fractures.

 A) Fracture head of femur

B) Classification of Calcaneal fractures.

 Describe the blood supply of talus. Classify “Talar neck fractures”. Discuss treatment and list
complications.

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SPINE FRACTURES
June 2018
 A) What is Hangman’s fracture?
B) Mechanism of injury classification and management of Hangman’s fracture

 A) Classify thoracolumbar spinal injuries.

B) Management of patient with D12 burst fracture.
December 2017
 A) Classify odontoid fracture.
B) Mechanism of injury
C) Clinical features of an acute odontoid fracture
D) Management of acute odontoid fracture.
December 2016
 A) Classify injuries of thoraco-lumbar spine.
B) Outline management of each type.
April 2016
 A) What is Hangman’s fracture?
B) Classification and management of Hangman’s fracture.
June 2017
 A) How will you teat unifacetal fracture dislocation of C5 C6?
June 2015
 A) Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA).
B) Hangman’s fracture.
June 2014
 What is whiplash injury of cervical spine? Discuss its clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.

 Discuss the “ASIA SCORE”. Classify bladder paralysis in spinal cord injury with salient features.
December 2013

 Describe clinical features, relevant investigation and management of Whiplash injury in cervical
spine.
December 2012
 Describe the mechanism of injury. Classification and treatment of Hangman’s fracture.

 A) Role of injectable methyl prednisolone in post traumatic spinal injuries.

B) Classification of incomplete spinal cord syndromes.

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June 2012
 Describe the classification of thoracolumbar injuries and discuss the treatment of burst fracture
of lumbar one vertebra (L1)
December 2011
 Autonomic dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury.

 Discuss the management of osteoporotic spinal fractures.

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PAEDIATRIC FRACTURES
June 2018
 A) Classify Monteggia fractures.
B) Management of Monteggia fractures in children.
C) Management of a 3 month old anterior neglected Monteggia fracture dislocation in a 6-year
old child.

 A)Classification of physeal injury in children

B) Management of physeal injury in children
December 2018
 A) Classify proximal radial fractures in children
B) Its management principles in fresh fractures
c) Management principles in malunited fractures
June 2017
 A) What are the options available for the management of fracture of proximal third of femur in
an adolescent?
B) Advantages and disadvantages of each method.
December 2016
 Classify fractures around elbow in a six year old child.
April 2016
 Management of supracondylar fracture with pink pulseless hand.
June 2015
 A) Structure of physis with suitable diagram(s).
B) Classify the physical injuries.

 Pulseless pink hand following a supracondylar fractures of humerus in a child.

June 2014
 Classify fracture neck and femur in children. Discuss the treatment principles and prognosis.

 Classify epiphyseal injuries. Describe the treatment principles and complications of each type.
June 2013
 Torus fracture.
 Define and classify epiphyseal injuries. Discuss the management of Salter’s & Harris type IV
epiphyseal injuries.

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December 2011
 Describe the structure of physis. Classify physeal injury. Outline the treatment of physeal injury
and enumerate the complicatioins

 Define and classify Montegia fracture dislocation. Discuss the treatment principles of neglected
Montegia fracture dislocation in a 10 year old child.

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SPECIAL FRACTURES
June 2018
 A) Classify perioprosthetic fracture around total hip arthroplasty
B) Management of perioprosthetic fracture around hip
December 2017
 A) Define stress fracture
B) Enumerate common sites for stress fracture
C) Causes of stress fractures
D) Clinical features, classification and management of stress fracture of femoral neck in young
adults.
June 2016
 Stress fractures- Etiopathogenesis & diagnosis.

 A) Classify periprosthetic fractures around Knee arthroplasty.

B) principles and management of each type.
December 2015
 Pseudo fractures.
 Problems encountered and the use of various modalities in surgical management of fragility
fractures.
June 2015

 Classify periprosthetic femoral shaft fractures after total hip arthroplasty and their treatment
options.

June 2012
 Alendronate induced fractures.

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SHOULDER & ELBOW

December 2015
 A) Enumerate causes of stiff elbow
B) Surgical management of post traumatic ankyloses of elbow in extension.
December 2014
 Frozen shoulder: Clinical features & management.

December 2013

 Briefly describe the etiology and patho-anatomy of recurrent dislocation of shoulder. Outline
the principles of management.

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HAND
December 2016
 Intrinsic plus hand.
April 2016
 Pathological anatomy of Boutonniere and Swan-neck deformities in rheumatoid arthritis.

 A) What is Kanaval’s sign?

B) Management of suppurative flexor tenosynovitis of hand.

 Treatment of cut flexor tendons in “No-man’s land in hand”.

June 2015
 Dupuytren’s contracture.

 Clinical features and management of a 2 month old with zone 2 injury.

December 2014
 Define trigger finger. Enumerate causes of trigger finger. Describe the clinical picture and
surgical management of trigger thumb.

 Compound palmar ganglion.

 What is felon? What is its preferred management? How it is different from paronychia?
June 2014
 Describe the potential spaces of hand. Discuss clinical features and treatment of deep space
infection of hand.

 Describe the flexor zones of hand. Outline the treatment of flexor tendon injury (acute and
chronic) in zone II.
December 2013
 Discuss the management of ‘claw hand’ in a patient suffering from Leprosy.
June 2013
 What is Kienbock’s disease? Write in brief etiology, diagnosis and management of this
condition.

 What is Dupuytren’s fracture dislocation? Discuss its management.

 Mallet Finger

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December 2012
 Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features and management of Dupuytren’s contracture.

 Describe the flexor tendon zones of the hand. Describe the management of cut flexor tendons
of middle finger in zone III

June 2012
 Enumerate causes of claw hand deformity. Discuss its management in short.

 Describe the treatment of acute flexor tendon injuries in various zones of hand.

December 2011
 What is Keinbock’s disease? Write briefly its etiology, diagnosis, clinical staging and
management.

 Describe the flexor zones of hand. Discuss the orinciples of acute tendon repair (zone-wise).

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HIP
December 2016
 A) Clinical features of transient migratory osteoporosis of hip (TMO).
B) Tabulate the differences between osteonecrosis and transient migratory osteoporosis of hip.
C) Enumerate the steps of managing TMO.
December 2014
 Enumerate causes of avascular necrosis (AVN) and non arthroplasty surgical methods of AVN of
femoral head. Describe core decompression.
June 2013
 Discuss differentiating features between osteonecrosis and transient migratory osteoporosis.
December 2012
 Describe the biomechanics of hip. Discuss Trendelenburg test and gait.
June 2012
 Discuss treatment options of the focal cartilage defect over the medial femoral condyle in a 40
year old man.
December 2011

 Femoro-acetabular Impingement Syndrome

 Describe the pathology of avascular necrosis of femoral head and outline the principles of
management in Ficat 3 stage of femoral head in a 30 years old man.

 Transient migratory osteoporosis.

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KNEE
June 2014
 Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Pigmented villonodular
synovitis.

 Define the recuurent dislocation of patella. Discuss in brief its clinical features, diagnosis and
treatment.

June 2013
 Habitual dislocation of patella.

December 2012
 Define post traumatic stiff Knee. Discuss in brief its causes diagnosis and management.

December 2011
 Describe the extensor mechanism of Knee and the factors that predispose to recurrent
dislocation of patella.

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FOOT AND ANKLE

June 2018
 A) What is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?
B) Write stages and management of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
June 2017
 A) Clinical signs and symptoms of a neglected Tendo-Achilles rupture in a middle aged man.
B) Outline its management.
December 2016

 A) Clinical features of chronic painful mid portion tendinopathy of Achilles tendon.

B) Role of plantaris tendon in the pathogenesis of this condition; with special emphasis on
anatomy of plantaris tendon.
June 2016
 A) Osteochondritis dissecans of ankle
B) SPONK (spontaneous Osteonecrosis of Knee)

 A) Hallux valgus deformity.

B) Role of triple arthrodesis.
April2016
 Foot drop and equinus deformity.

 Patho-anatomy and clinical features of Achilles tendon rupture and treatment of a fresh
rupture.
June 2015
 A) Enumerate the causes of rupture of Achilles tendon.
B) Diagnosis and treatment of a fresh case of rupture of Achilles tendon in a 60 year old patient.
June 2013

 Describe the anatomy of Tibialis posterior tendon. What is posterior Tibial tendon dysfunction?
Describe the management of such cases.
June 2012
 Describe the principles of stabilization of foot.

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IMPLANT
June 2018
 A) What is dynamization?
B) Describe its role in Orthopaedics using various implants.

 A) What is biodegradable implants?

B) Describe various biodegradable implants used in Orthopaedics.
C) Advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable implants.

 A) Indications and contraindications of Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) Nail.

B) Advantages of Tibiotalocalcaneal Nail over other methods of ankle arthrodesis.
December 2017
 A) What are the synthetic bioabsorbable materials for orthopaedic surgery?
B) Enumerate their advantages
C) Enumerate their complication & limitations
June 2017
 Compare pros and cons of angular stable device and dynamic compression screw for distal
femur fractures.

 A) Different constructs of external fixators.

B) What are the latest advances in constructs of external fixator.
Deccember 2016
 Salient features of tensile elastic nailing & technique of implantation.
June 2016
 A) Evolution of plate osteosynthesis starting from “Sherman” plates to prevent day locking
plates.
B) What are the principles of locking plate osteosynthesis including their advantages and
disadvantages?
April 2016
 A) Types of frames and methods to increase the stability of external fixator.
B) How will you prevent complications of external fixator?
December 2015

 Tension Band Wiring.

 Herbert Screw.
 Minimum Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis.
 Bioabsorbable Implants.

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December 2014
 What are commonly used absorbable sutures in Orthopaedics? Compare their properties.
June 2014
 Discuss the tension band principles. Describe its clinical use in fracture management.

 Name the biomaterial used in Orthopaedics. Discuss their characteristic features.

December 2013
 Highly cross linked polyethylene
June 2013
 LCP
December 2012
 DCP and locked compression plate.
June 2012
 Describe the Tension Band principle and how it is used in fracture care?

 External fixator in musculoskeletal injuries.

December 2011
 Discuss the differences between:-
A) Machine screw and ASIF screw
B) DCP, LCDCP, LOCKING plate
C) Static compression and Dynamic compression.

 Describe Stress, Strain and Young’s Modulus of Elasticity in relation to Orthopedic implants.

 A) Biodegradable implants
B) Principles and applications of Interlocking Nailing

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INFECTIONS
June 2018
 A) Sequelae of osteomyelitis in paediatric patients.
B) Describe management of each sequela
December 2017
 A) Risk factors for developing infections following total hip arthroplasty.
B) Classification of prosthetic joint infection.
C) Management protocol of prosthetic joint infection

 A) Orthopaedic manifestation of HIV infections.

B) Universal guidelines for surgeons while operating a patient with proven HIV infection.
June 2017
 A) Role of Biofilm in implant infection in orthopedics.
B) Biomechanics and clinical uses of floor reaction orthosis.

 A) Management of acute septic arthritis of hip in infant.

B) Give any one classification system for septic sequelae of hip in children.

 A) What is triple deformity of the Knee?

B) What are its causes?
C) Its management in TB arthritis of the Knee.

 A) Molecular test used in multidrug resistant tuberculosis.

B) Dosage & important side effects of second line drugs in osteoarticular tuberculosis.
C) Role of PET to assess healing in osteoarticular tuberculosis.
December 2016
 Pathophysiology, clinical features and management of septic arthritis of hip in a neonate.

 A) Pathology and clinical features of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in long bone.

B) Management of chronic osteomyelitis of long bone.

 Masquelet technique: indication and steps in an infected nonunion.

 A) Define drug resistant tuberculosis.

B) How do you suspect drug resistance in spinal tuberculosis.?
c) How will you investigate and manage a case of suspected drug resistant tuberculosis.
June 2016
 A) Pathophysiology of Pott’s spine.
B) Routes through which a tubercular abscess can travel to far off regions in the body based on
anatomical facts.

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 A) Recent advances in detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

B) Enumerate various newer methods with their sensitivity and specificity.
C) GeneXpert/CB-NATT and its specific advantages.

 A) Orthopedic manifestation of AIDS.

B) Guidelines to prevent spread of HIV infection during operative intervention
April 2016

 A) Precautions taken by surgical team during operation of HIV positive patient.

B) Surgical site infection: prevention & treatment.
December 2015
 Diagnosis and management of Pott’s paraplegia.
June 2015
 A) Role of biofilm in implant infection.
B) Production, regulation and management of biofilm.

 ATT regimens in bone and joint tuberculosis.

 A) Stages of tubercular arthritis of hip.

B) Differentiating clinical features, treatment and prognosis of each stage.

 Instrumentation in spinal tuberculosis – rationale and indications.

December 2014
 Clinical features and complications of tuberculosis of cervical spine.
June 2014
 Write briefly the current presentation and treatment strategies in MRSA infection. Briefly
mention about its evaluation.

 Describe the indications of surgery in tuberculosis of spine. Discuss role of instrumented

stabilization in TB spine.
December 2013
 Briefly discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis & differential diagnosis and broad principles of
management of Tuberculosis of Dorsal Spine with Paraplegia.

 Biofilm.
 What is a Tubercle? Discuss patho-anatomy, diagnosis and principles of management of cold
abscess.
June 2013
 What is tuberculoma? Discuss the primary drug used to treat tuberculosis of spine. Enumerate
complication of isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambatol.

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 Describe the clinical features, investigations and management of acute osteomyelitis of upper
end of tibia in a 10 years old child.

 Gram negative septicemia.

 Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.

 Describe the mechanism of bacterial colonization and perpetuation in osteomyelitis after

orthopedic implant surgery. How is the situation different in tubercular infection of
musculokeletal system?

December 2012

 Psoas abscess

 Management strategies in a HIV patient with a fresh compound fracture of leg bones.

June 2012
 Define MDR Tuberculosis. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of a case of
MDR Tuberculosis of spine.

 Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management tuberculosis of hip in children.

 Sequelae of pyogenic arthritis of hip in infancy.

December 2011
 Define osteomyelitis. Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of acute
osteomyelitis in a child.

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INVESTIGATIONS
June 2018
 A) Radiation hazards in Orthopaedics
B) Preventive measures for radiation hazards in orthopaedics

 Recent advances in various imaging modalities in orthopaedics

December 2017

 A) Principles of Gamma camera

B) Radioactive substance(s) used in Gamma Camera
C) Indications & use of Gamma Camera
April 2016
 Positron emission tomography in orthopaedics.
December 2015
 Role of Whole Body CT Scan in trauma.
June 2015
 Role of Nuclear scan studies in orthopedic practice.
 Applications of MRI in diagnosis and management of spinal tumours.
December 2014
 PET Scan in orthopaedic practice.
June 2014
 Describe the principles of ultrasonography. Discuss its clinical use in Orthopaedic practice.
 A) Principles and clinical use of PET Scan
B) Principles and clinical use of Bone Scan
December 2013
 PET Scan.
December 2012
 Describe the principles of ultrasonography. List the usage of ultrasonography in orthopedics
practice.
June 2012

 Bone scan in musculoskeletal disorder

 Write a short note on nuclear medicine and its applications in oethopedics.
 Describe the role of ultrasonography in musculoskeletal disorders.

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METABOLIC DISORDERS
June 2018
 A) Describe calcium metabolism
B) Skeletal and radiological changes in hyperparathyroidism
C) Principles and indications of Teriparatide in osteoporosis
December 2017
 A) Define osteoporosis
B) Enumerate lab test & radiological tests to diagnose & prognosticate osteoporosis
C) Mechanism of action of Teriparatide in treatment of osteoporosis
D) Potential complication of Teriparatide.
June 2017
 A) Enmerate various causes of osteoporosis.
B) Enumerate techniques for bone mass measurement.
C) Drug therapy available for osteoporosis.

 A) What is renal osteodystrophy?

B) Enumerate its causes.
C) Its clinical and radiological features.
D) Management of renal osteodystrophy.
December 2016

 A) Physiology of calcium metabolism.

B) Role of PTH in calcium metabolism.
C) Tabulate the biochemical differences between renal tubular and glomerular rickets.

 A) Define osteoporosis. How will you assess for osteoporosis.?

B) Principles of management of fragility (osteoporotic) fractures of long bones.

 Radiological features of scurvy and rickets.

June 2016
 Clinical features, pathology and radiological findings of “Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
(DISH)”.
April 2016
 Paget’s disease: Clinical features, biochemical investigations and medical treatment.
 Medical treatment of osteoporosis.
December 2015
 A) Classify osteoporosis.
B) Clinical presentation and management of senile osteoporosis.

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June 2015
 Pathology, clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of Rickets.
December 2014
 Role of bisphosphonates in the management of osteoporosis and their complications.
June 2014
 Define peak bone mass. What factors affect attaining peak bone mass? How does it correlate
with osteoporosis?
December 2013

 Fluorosis.
 Discuss the presentation, X-ray picture and management of dietary rickets.
 Enumerate various methods fpr bone mineral measurement. Define its density in various
conditions. Discuss management of osteoporosis fractures.
June 2013
 Vitamin D resistant rickets
 Define osteoporosis. Describe various radiological investigations in a patient with osteoporosis.
How will you manage of a case of fracture D12 in an adult?
 Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of alkaptonuria.
 Describe clinical features and radiological presentation of adenoma of parathyroid. What is
hungry bone syndrome?
December 2012
 What is “Diffuse Interstitial Skeletal Hyperostosis” (DISH)? Describe the clinical features and its
management.
 Describe the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of renal osteodystrophy.
 Hyperparathyroidism
June 2012

 Diagnosis and treatment of osteomalacia

 List the factors affecting the calcium metabolism. Describe the radiological features of rickets.
 Describe the clinical features, laboratory findings and management of Gout.

December 2011
 Describe the pathiology, cliniucal features and principles of treatment of a neuropathic joint.
 Renal Rickets
 Discuss the role of parathyroid glands in calcium metabolism.

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NERVE INJURIES
June 2018
 A) Define entrapment syndrome.
B) Enumerate various entrapment syndromes.
C) Clinical features and management of carpel tunnel syndrome.

 A) Classify nerve injury.

B) Causes of radial nerve palsy in an adult.
December 2017
 A) Types of Brachial Plexus injuries around birth,
B) Mechanism of causation,
C) Clinical features in a new born &
D) Management of a neglected / undiagnosed Erb’s palsy in a 3 year old child.

 Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome:

A) Enumerate its etiology and clinical features
B) What are the diagnostic test for it?
C) Its treatment protocol

 A) Methods of closing gaps between nerve ends during nerve repair.

B) Enumerate expendable nerves.
C) Donor site morbidity of common donor nerves
June 2017
 A) Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve regeneration following axonotmesis.
B) Anatomy and contents of carpel tunnel with suitable diagram(s).
December 2016
 Ulnar paradox.

 A) Classify nerve injuries.

B) How will you manage a one and half year old child with median nerve injury in the middle of
the arm?

 Classification of brachial plexus injury.

June 2016
 Tardy Ulnar Nerve palsy.
 Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
April 2016
 A) Classification and electro-diagnostic studies of nerve injuries.
B) Draw a diagram of strength duration curve & write about its clinical significance.

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December 2015
 Course of Radial Nerve and its applied surgical significance.

 Motor March.

 Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of carpel tunnel syndrome.

 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome – Clinical features & management.

June 2015
 Wallerian degeneration.

 A) Nerve conduction velocity.

B) Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of carpel tunnel syndrome.

 A) Sundarland’s classification of nerve injuries.

B) Tendon transfers for ulnar nerve palsy.
December 2014
 Name the muscles supplied by the CPN nerve and the tendon transfers in CPN palsy.
June 2014
 Wallerian degeneration – Definition and pathology.

 A) Principles of Tendon transfer.

B) Tendon transfer for high radial nerve palsy.

 Describe the pathology of nerve regeneration. Classify nerve injuries.

December 2013
 Briefly discuss the methods of nerve repair and methods of closing gaps between nerve ends.
 Write notes on:
A) Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome
B) Erb’s palsy.

 Write shirt notes on:

A) Strength Duration Curve
B) Electromyography.
June 2013
 Classify nerve injuries. Write briefly about their prognosis.

 Draw diagram(s) of brachial plexus. How will you clinically differentiate pre-ganglionic from post
ganglionic lesions?

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December 2012
 Electrodiagnosis in carpel tunnel syndrome

June 2012
 Describe the surgical reconstruction in a case of one and half year old common peroneal nerve
palsy.

December 2011
 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

 Early tendon transfer in radial Nerve palsy

 Strength Duration Curve

 Draw cross section of peripheral nerve and label the structures. Describe Sunderland’s
classification of nerve injury.

 Define ulnar claw hand. Discuss the tendon transfer for ulnar claw hand following ulnar nerve
injury.

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NON UNION
June 2018
 A) Define non union.
B) Classification of non union.
C) Recent advances in management of gap non-union of fracrure tibia.
April 2016
 Management of non-union of femoral neck fracture with viable head in a 40 year old patient.

June 2014

 Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment principles of nonunion of
fracture scaphoid.

June 2012
 Discuss the management of failed osteo-synthesis of fracture neck of femur in a young adult.

 Discuss the management of diaphyseal gap nonunion with 5 cm bone loss in a young adult.

December 2011
 Classify infected nonunion. Discuss the treatment of infected nonunion of tibia.

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ORTHOTICS & PROSTHESIS

December 2016
 Biomechanical features of floor reaction orthosis.
April 2016
 A) Differences between SACH foot and Jaipur foot.
B) Bionic hand.
June 2015
 SACH foot and Jaipur foot.

December 2014
 What is myoelectric prosthesis? Describe its components, applications & advantages.

December 2013
 Halo-pelvic device.

 What is a myoelectric prosthesis? Describe its components, applications and advantages in brief.

June 2013
 What is Jaipur foot?

December 2012
 Steenbeek brace

June 2012
 Floor reaction orthosis (FRO).

 Write brief notes on:

A) Role of orthosis in treatment of club foot
B) Patellar tendon bearing prosthesis.

December 2011
 Describe “JAIPUR FOOT”. Discuss the difference with “SACH FOOT & “MADRAS FOOT”?
 SOMI brace.

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PSM
June 2015
 Evidence based medicine.

 RCT (Randomized controlled trial).

June 2014

 What is evidence based medicine? Describe the hierarchy of evidence. Discuss the differences in
various types of studies.

 Write short notes on:

A) Plagiarism
B) Impact factor

December 2012
 Write short notes on:
A) Impact factor
B) Plagiarism
C) Randomized Control Trial (RCT)

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RECENT ADVANCE
June 2017
 A) What is reconstructive ladder for open fractures?
B) What is negative wound therapy?
C) What is fix and close protocol in open fractures?

 A) What is the method to prepare Plasma Rich Plasma (PRP)?

B) What are the indicatioins of PRP in orthopedic lesions?
How does it work?
C) Role of local injection of steroid versus PRP in plantar fasciitis?

 A) What is nanotechnology?
b) Role of nanotechnology in orthopaedics.
c) Recent advances in detection of periprosthetic joint infections.

 A) What are the stem cells? How stem cells are procured for therapeutic use?
B) Indications of stem cell therapy in orthopedics.
c) Role of stem cell therapy in avascular necrosis of head of femur.

December 2016
 Vacuum assisted closure of wounds.

June 2016
 A) Enumerate the biologic and biophysical technologies for the enhancement of fracture repair.
B) Use of BMP in orthopedics.

April 2016
 Principles of coverage of soft tissue defect and bone gap in tibia in mid-leg in a patient with
feeble distal pulses.

 Recent advances in the management of infected persistent wounds.

 Role of embolization in orthopaedics.

December 2015

 Increasing role of minimum techniques in orthopaedics and the role of arthroscopy in the
management of intra-articular fractures.

 Role of Platelets Rich plasma (PRP) in orthopaedics.

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June 2015
 Autologous chondrocyte implantation.

December 2014
 A) Gene therapy in Orthopedics.
B) Induced membrane formation to cover bone defects.
 Platelet rich plasma

 Advances in articular cartilage tissue engineering.

June 2014

 Describe in brief the current state of knowledge of use of stem cells in Orthopaedic practice.

December 2013
 Discuss physiology of normal articular cartilage and its biomechanical functions. Discuss the
advances in articular cartilage tissue engineering and repair.

June 2012
 Discuss the therapeutic potential of stem cells in musculoskeletal disorders.

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SPINE DISORDERS
June 2018
 A) Define claudication.
B) Difference between vascular and neurological claudication.
C) Management of a 60-year old women with lumbar canal stenosis.

 A) Recent advances in medical and surgical management of osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

B) Minimal invasive spine surgery in orthopaedics
December 2017
 A) Classification of congenital scoliosis.
B) Treatment guidelines in young children with adequate growth potential.

 A) Define spondylolisthesis
B) Its classification in adults.
C) Clinical features and diagnostic tests
D) Treatment protocol

 A) Define end vertebrae & apical vertebrae in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
B) Describe two radiological methods to measure the curve in AIS.
C) Fusionless technique of correction in idiopathic scoliosis.

 A) Indications of spinal osteotomy in a young patient of ankylosing spondylitis

B) Enumerate osteotomy techniques & their principles
C) Potential complication of spinal osteotomy
June 2017
 Pathophysiology and management of autonomous bladder.

 A) What are the types of cord injuries?

C) Role of methyl prednisolone succinate in spinal cord injuries.
December 2016
 Anterolateral decompression in tuberculosis of spine.
 A) Endoscopic spinal surgery – technique.
B) What is sacral nutation & Its role in chronic low backache.
June 2016
 A) What is the “watershed zone” of the spinal cord?
B) Draw a cross section of the spinal cord in the dorsal region.
C) Stages of Pott’s paraplegia in a typical paravertebral lesion based on the anatomy of tracts.

 Safety measures in Scoliotic surgery.

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April 2016
 Diplegia and double hemiplegia

 Spina ventosa.

 Prevention and treatment of pressure sores and urinary tract infection in a paraplegic patient.

 Recent advances in management of prolapsed intervertebral disc.

December 2015

 A) Classify Scoliosis.
B) Clinical features and management of idiopathic scoliosis.

 Brown Sequard syndrome – Etiopathogenesis & clinical features.

 Spinal shock.
June 2015
 Differentiate between:
A) Neurologic and vascular claudication.
B) Paraplegia with active disease (early onset paraplegia) and paraplegia with healed disease
(late onset paraplegia).
December 2014

 Vascular claudication.

 Factors influencing spinal curve progression in congenital scoliosis.

June 2014
 Discuss pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of L4-L5 intervertebral disc
prolapse.
December 2013
 Spinal canal stenosis.

 Neurogenic bladder
June 2013
 Discuss the principles of application of Milwaukee Brace. What are the clinical features of
idiopathic Kyphoscoliosis? Enumerate the indications of surgical intervention.

 Describe the anatomy of central and lateral canals in the lumbar spine in relation to lumbar
canal stenosis. How will you clinically differentiate central from lateral canal stenosis. Briefly
describe the management.

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SPORTS INJURY
June 2018
 A) Anatomy of posterolateral corner of Knee joint (PLC)
B) Clinical test for diagnosis of PLC injury.
C) Management of PLC injury.

 A) Classification of cartilage injury.

B) Describe investigation and management of cartilage injuries of knee joint.
December 2017
 A) What is impingement syndrome ( Shoulder)?
B) Pathophysiology of Rotator Cuff tear.
C) Various imaging modalities for it.
D) Diagnostic tests ( describe any two)
E) Management outline.

 A) Broad indications for hip arthroscopy

B) Portal positioning for hip arthroscopy
C) Potential complications of hip arthroscopy
June 2017
 Clinical tests to diagnose rotator cuff tears, and outline its management.

 A) What is Milwaukee Shoulder syndrome?

B) Its clinical signs and symptoms.
C) Its differential diagnosis and management.

 Clinical features and management of discoid meniscus.

 A) Various clinical tests to assess glenohumeral instability.

B) How will you manage anterior dislocation of shoulder with Bankert lesion & Hill-Sachs lesion
associated with dislocation?

 A) Management of marrow oedema syndrome

B) Management of SLAP lesions.

 A) What are the various types of grafts used to reconstruct ACL?

B) What is double bundle ACL reconstruction?
C) Steps to reconstruct multi-ligamentous injury around Knee
December 2016
 Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Bankart’s lesion.

 A) Indications & techniques of hip arthroscopy.

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B) Can you manage an incongruent reduction after a reduced hip dislocation because of loose
body with hip arthroscopy?
C) What is an absolute contraindication to manage such a case with conventional hip
arthroscopy?

 Anatomy of posterolateral corner of knee & various patterns of injuries in this area

 A) Arthroscopic management of osteochondral lesion of knee.

B) Etiology of osteochondritis dessicans.

 A) Mnagaement of degenarative arthritis of knee in the young patients.

B) Visco supplementation for Knee arthritis.
June 2016
 A) What is Scapular Dyskinesia?
B) Its role in Rotator Cuff Impingement Syndrome.

 A) Current status of Hip Arthroscopy.

B) Its indications in contemporary orthopedic practice.
C) Explain the important steps of the procedure.

 Labral tears of hip in young athletes.

 Recent advances in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with reference to creation of femoral tunnel
and femoral fixation methods.

 Role of meniscal repair in the Knee joint.

April 2016
 Meniscal repair.
December 2015
 Painful Arch Syndrome – Etiopathogenesis & management.

 A) Causes of maltracking of patella.

B) Surgical management of Recurrent Dislocation of Patella in a child.

 Scapular dyskinesis.
June 2015
 A) Mechanism of injury of “ Unhappy triad of O’ Donoghue”
B) Outline the management of chronic ACL insufficiency in a young athletic.
December 2014
 Bankart’s lesion

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 Indications, positioning, portals and complications of hip arthroscopy.

December 2013
 Femoro-acetabular Impingement Syndrome.

 Hip Arthropathy.

 How will you diagnose Anterior Crucinate Ligament (ACL) injury clinically? Discuss the
investigations and management of ACL injury in young athlete reporting after injury.
June 2013

 Discoid meniscus

 Enumerate the portals for arthroscopy of knee joint. Describe the various arthroscopies, their
accessories and indications of arthroscopy of knee joint.
December 2011
 Discuss the diagnosis and management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury.

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SURGICAL APPROACHES
December 2017
 A) Enumerate surgical approaches to reduce & fix pilon fracture.
B) Enumerate steps of postero-lateral approach.
C) Enumerate its advantages & disadvantages.

 A) Steps of posterior approach to hip joint while performing hip arthroplasty

B) Potential complications
C) What are its advantages & disadvantages as compared to anterior approach?
June 2017
 A) Surgical anatomy of Ganz approach to hip joint.
B) Indications of Ganz approach to hip joint.

 Principles of management of intercondylar fracture humerus and Bryan Morrey approach

( Triceps reflecting approach).

 Approach to bicondylar Hoffa’s fracture.

 A) Prophylactic management of deep vein thrombosis before hip surgery.

B) Fat embolism following fracture shaft femur in a young adult in casualty.
December 2016
 Modified Stoppa’s approach for acetabulum fractures.
April 2016
 Rotation plasty.

 Indications and steps of safe surgical dislocation of hip.

 Principles of wound debridement.

December 2015
 Anatomy and blood supply of proximal end of femur and its importance in safe surgical
dislocation of hip.
June 2015
 Surgical steps of;
A) Hardinge approach to hip.
B) Anterolateral decompression of D5-D6 spine.

 Safe surgical dislocation: Indications and key steps.

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December 2014
 A) Bikini incision.
B) Schanz osteotomy.
June 2014
 List the osteotomies around hip. Write briefly about the principles of each osteotomy.

 Discuss the surgical steps of:

A) Anterolateral decompression of D5-D6 tuberculosis of spine.
B) Anterolateral exposure of hip.
December 2012
 What is surgical dislocation of the hip joint? Enumerate the indications and key technical steps.

 Salter’s osteotomy
June 2012
 Describe with illustrative diagrams the surgical exposure of radius at various levels.
December 2011
 Salter’s Osteotomy

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TUMORS
June 2018
 A) Clinical, radiological features and management of giant cell tumor.
B) How to prevent &manage recurrence of giant cell tumor?
December 2017
 A) Enneking’s staging of benign and malignant bone tumours.
B) Techniques of biopsy in aggressive ( potentially malignant) bone tumours.
June 2017

 A) Clinical work up and laboratory diagnosis of metastatic bone tumours.

B) Outline management principles of these in long bones.

 Clinical presentation, radiological features and management of

A) Chondromyxoid fibroma of distal femur.
B) Osteoid osteoma of femoral neck.
December 2016
 A) Staging of bone tumours.
B) Principles, indications and contraindications of limb salvage surgery.
June 2016

 A) What is fibrous dysplasia of bone?

B) Clinical features of fibrous dysplasia of bone.
C) Campanacci disease (osteofibrous dysplasia)

 Schwannoma – Clinical features & diagnosis.

 How will you manage a case of chondroblastoma of hip ?

April 2016
 A) Pyknodysostosis.
B) Codeman’s tumor.

 Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.

 Types and principles of biopsy for musculoskeletal tumors.

 Haemophilic cyst.

 A) Musculoskeletal manifestation of neurofibromatosis

B) Polystotic fibrous dysplasia.

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 Ostetis fibrosa cystica.

 A) Expandable megaprosthesis.
B) Extracorporeal radiotherapy for bone sarcoma.

 Brachytherapy.
December 2015

 A) Synovial Chondromatosis – Diagnosis & management.

B) Osteoid Osteoma – diagnosis & management.

 Limb salvage in malignant bone tumors with special emphasis on osteosarcoma of distal end of
femur.
June 2015
 A) Enumerate fibrous lesions of the bone.
B) Clinical features, diagnosis and management of fibrous dysplasia of bone.

 Oncogenic osteomalacia.

 Current concepts in the management of Osteosarcoma.

 Current concepts in the management of skeletal metastasis.

December 2014
 Fibrous dysplasia.

 What is “sandwich technique”? Describe the technique in the management of giant cell tumor
of distal end of radius.
June 2014

 Discuss in brief pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of fibrous dysplasia of
bone.

 Differentiate between parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma in terms of pathology, clinical

features, treatment and prognosis.

 Discuss principles of limb salvage surgery in malignant bone tumour. List the indications and
contraindications
December 2013
 Discuss in brief the presentation,diagnosis and management of ‘Multiple Myeloma’.
June 2013
 Describe the clinical features, radiology and treatment of non ossifying fibroma.

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December 2012
 Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of synovial chondromatosis.

 Giant cell variants

 Briefly describe methods to cover defects after excision of primary malignant tumors of bone.
What is extracorporeal irradiated tumor bone?
December 2011
 Pigmented villonodular synovitis

 A) Unicameral Bonw Cyst

B) Parosteal osteosarcoma

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MISCELLANEOUS
December 2016
 Aetiopathogenesis of hand to knee gait.
 Ganga score.
 Low molecular weight heparin – Indications and monitoring during treatment
June 2016
 Post traumatic tibia valga.
April 2016

 Medical ethics in orthopaedics.

 Ankylosis and arthrodesis.

December 2015
 Morning stiffness

 A) Role of ligamentotaxis in acute trauma.

B) PTB test.

 Skleletal traction in acute trauma.

 Pantalar Arthrodesis.
June 2015
 Synovial fluid analysis.

 Ligamentotaxis.

 Current concepts in the management of skeletal metastasis.

 A) Mangled Extremity Severity Score.

B) Ganga Score.
December 2014
 Synovial fluid.

 A) Gluteus maximus flap in the management of decubitus ulcer.

B) Stove-in-chest.

 Neurofibromatosis.

 A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Post operative fever

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 Define component therapy. Enumerate and mention uses of various blood fractions.

 Autologous transfusion.

 A) Telemedicine
B) Bionic arm.
December 2013
 Botulinum
June 2013
 Cast Syndrome
December 2012
Write short notes on:
 A) IT ( IIiotibial) band contracture in polio.
B) Strength duration curve

 Isokinetic exercises.

 What is crouch gait? How will you evaluate such a patient? Discuss the management.

 Define hierarchy of evidence. Define broad principles of each level of evidence.

 Define functional cast bracing. Discuss the indications and principles of applications of patellar
tendon bearing cast.

 Write short notes on:

A) Ganga score
B) Spine at risk sign
June 2012
 Antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infection.
 Interferential therapy.
December 2011

 Plaster Cast syndrome

 Discuss the principles of application of Functional Cast Bracing in the management of diaphyseal
fractures of long bones.
 Interferential therapy.

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