OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

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 • Harry McShane,
age 16, 1908.
Pulled into
machinery in a
factory in USA. His
arm was ripped off
at the shoulder
and his leg broken.
• No compensation
paid.
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 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AIM
"the promotion and maintenance of the
highest degree of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers in all occupations"

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 CONTENT
• Health promotion of workers
• Prevention of occupational diseases
• Roles and responsibilities of occupational
health nurse
• Administration of occupational health
services
• International organizations
• Women and occupational health
• Child labour and prevention
• Values at workplace
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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS

Recommendations by ILO / WHO

committee on occupational health in
1953

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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS
• Nutrition
• Communicable disease control
• Environmental sanitation
• Mental health
• Measures for women and children
• Health education
• Family planning

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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
WORKERS
NUTRITION
• Malnutrition
• Canteen /250 workers
• Diet and snacks at
reasonable rates
• Store /dining room
• Health education
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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
WORKERS
COMMNICABLE DISEASE
CONTROL
• Early diagnosis/Rx
• Cases isolated from
working environment
• Protective measures
• Regular Medical checkup
& Immunisation
• TB,Typhoid,hepatitis,malar
ia, venereal diseases
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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
WORKERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
SANITATION
• Water supply
• Food
• Toilet
• General cleanliness
• Space
• Lighting
• Ventillation/Temperature
• Protection from hazards
• Housing
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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
WORKERS
MENTAL HEALTH
• Promote health and
happiness
• Detect signs of emotional
stress
• Identify the cause
• Treatment
• Rehabilitation of the ill

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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
WORKERS
MEASURES FOR WOMEN
&CHILDREN
• Maternity leave for 12 weeks
with cash benefit under ESI act
• Ante/Intra/Postnatal services
• Prohibition of night work
• Prohibits of work underground
• Crèches
• No child below 14 shall be
employed
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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
WORKERS
HEALTH EDUCATION
• Important health promotional
measure
• Provided whenever necessary
• Content
– Hygiene, participation
• At all levels
– Management
– Supervisors
– Workers
– Trade union leaders
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 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
WORKERS
FAMILY PLANNING
• Encouraged to adopt
small family norm
• Health education

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PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

• MEDICAL MEASURES

• ENGINEERING MEASURES

• LEGISLATIVE MEASURES

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 MEDICAL MEASURES
• PRE PLACEMENT EXAMINATION
• PERIODICAL EXAMINATION
• MEDICAL & HEALTH CARE SERVICE
• NOTIFICATION
• SUPERVISION OF WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
• MAINTANANCE & ANALYSIS OF
RECORDS
• HEALTH EDUCATION &
COUNSELLING
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 ENGINEERING MEASURES
• DESIGN OF BUILDING
• GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
• GENERAL VENTILATION
• MECHANISATION
• SUBSTITUTION
• DUSTS
• ENCLOSURE
• ISOLATION
• LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION
• PROTECTIVE DEVICES
• RESEARCH
• STATISTICAL MONITORING
• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
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 LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
• The Factories Act, 1948
• The Employees State Insurance
Act, 1948
• Mine & Mineral Act,
(Development & Regulation) Act,
1957
• Noise Pollution (Regulation &
Control ) Rules, 2000
• The Child Labour (Prohibition &
Regulation) Act, 1986
• The Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution ) Act, 1981
• Maternity Benefit Act (1961)
• Minimum
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 THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948
• Factories act enacted in 1881
• The act amended in 1911, 1934, 1948, 1976, 1987
• Factory: establishment employing 10 or more
workers where power is used, and 20 or more
workers where power is not used.
• Prescribed working hours, holidays and
employment of young men and women.
• Prohibits employment of children under 14 years
• Adolescents should be duly certified by certifying
surgeons regarding fitness to work
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 THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948
• Chapter III (Section 11-20) deals with health
aspects
• Chapter IV (Section 21-40) deals with safety
aspects
• Chapter V deals with welfare aspects
• Chapter VI deals with work hours holidays
interval
• Chapter VII deals with employment of young
person
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 The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
• Provides cash and medical benefits to industrial
employees in case of sickness, maternity and
employment injury.
• Administration by ESI Corporation
• The Union minister for labour :chairman
Secretary Ministry of labour : vice chairman
• 4 principal officers
– Insurance commissioner
– Medical commissioner
– Finance commissioner
– Actuary
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 The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
Benefits to employees Benefits to employers
• Medical benefit • Exemption from the applicability
of Workmen's Compensation Act
• Sickness benefit 1923
• Maternity benefit • Exemption from Maternity
• Disablement benefit Benefit Act 1961
• Dependent benefit • Exemption from payment of
Medical allowance to employees
• Funeral expense and their dependants or
• Rehabilitation arranging for their medical care
allowance • Rebate under the Income Tax
Act on contribution deposited in
the ESI Account
• Healthy work-force.
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 The Child Labour (Prohibition &
Regulation) Act, 1986
• Child (under 14 years) labour
is prohibited in India under
The Child Labour (Prohibition
And Regulation) Act, 1986.
• It includes work in a shop,
commercial establishment,
work-shop, farm, residential
hotel, restaurant, eating-
house, theatre or other place
of public amusement or
entertainment
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 ROLES AND RESPOSIBILITIES OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
• Prevention of occupational injury and
disease
• Promotion of health and work ability
• Improving environmental health
management

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 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
• Clinician
• Specialist
• Manager
• Coordinator
• Adviser
• Health educator
• Counselor
• Researcher
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 ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICES

• CENTRAL LEVEL

• STATE LEVEL

• VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS

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 ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICES

• CENTRAL LEVEL
– The director general for factory inspection and advisory
services
– The government departments of labour and health and
the Board of mines
– The atomic energy commission
– Central labour institute at Mumbai and regional labour
institutes in Kanpur, Kolkata and Chennai.

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 ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICES

• STATE LEVEL
– No occupational health division in state health
directorate except Uttar Pradesh
– State responsibilities are vested in Chief inspector of
factories

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 ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICES

• VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS
– Tata institute of industrial hygiene
– Society of Industrial Medicine.
– Also certain political association work for the welfare of
workers like,

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 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• The International Labour Organization
• Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
(Canada)
• Congressional Office of Compliance (US)
• European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU)
• Government & Educational OHS Resources (Australia)
• Health and Safety Executive (UK)
• Health for Work Adviceline for small businesses (UK)
• Information Center of Occupational Safety and Health
(Israel)
• Workplace Safety & Health Council, Singapore
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 The International Labour
Organization
• The International Labour Organization is a
specialized agency in relationship with the United
Nations,
• Comprises the International Labour Conference, the
Governing Body, and the International Labour
Office.
• Conference meets annually, is composed of national
representatives of government, management, and
labour
• Principal function is to formulate international
labour standards in the form of Conventions and of
Recommendations. It may also record its decisions
in the form of resolutions which is accepted by
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WELFARE ORGANISATION OF EMPLOYEES
• Indian National Trade Union Congress
(INTUC)
• Centre of Indian trade unions (CITU)

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 WOMEN AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
• Women's jobs have specific characteristics
• Equipment and schedules designed in relation
to the average male body
• Low wages
• Sexual harassment at work place
• Discrimination against women
• Excluded from many health-promoting
benefits
• Increased responsibility on household works
• The laws of labour are male oriented
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 Global Commission Report
• Issues should be examined within the context of gender specific analyses
• identify the specific occupational health risks of particular industries,
• Women's work in the informal sector, in agriculture and in the home has to
be conceptualized and measured
• specific occupational health risks of women are to be addressed.
• studies to identify and assess occupational health risks should be extended.
• Legislation addressing women's occupational health needs should be
reassessed
• International agreement about the classification of reproductive hazards
(such as chemicals) and on the precautions needed to protect both men
and women from those hazards, should be developed.
• collaboration on the part of the various international agencies concerned,
such as WHO and ILO.
• Interdisciplinary research with a strong social science component.
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 VALUES AT WORKPLACE
Characteristics of people at a work place
• Different genders
• Diverse ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds
• Different ages and experiences
• Different abilities
• Different religions
• Different languages
• Different family structures
• Different educational backgrounds
• Different work and life experiences
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 VALUES AT WORKPLACE
1. Believe in yourself and your
values.
2. Know your rights as well as
duties
3. Be responsible, sincere and
honest in your work.
4. Be acknowledgeable to
superiors and kind towards
subordinates.
5. Don’t compromise justice
6. Be a learner.
7. Be an advocate for others
when situation calls.
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1. Be sensitive to the impact you
have on others.
2. Respect others‘ dignity,
values , beliefs and feelings.
3. Communicate honestly.
4. Never harass or accept the
harassment of others.
5. Confront prejudices and
stereotypes that demean or
exclude people
6. Accept our mistakes and don’t
blame it on others.
7. Excuse others mistake, all are
humans
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 Thank You

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