Chapters 1–4 Review – Answer Key

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 166 Question 1

a) There are two lines of symmetry: a vertical line and a horizontal

line. Refer to the diagram.

b) There are four lines of symmetry: a vertical line, a horizontal

line, and two oblique lines. Refer to the diagram.

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 166 Question 2

Example: Refer to the diagram.

Method 1:
Trace the shape, then reflect the tracing over
the dashed line.

Method 2:
Reflect each vertex over the dashed line and
connect the reflected vertices to complete the
shape.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 201

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 166 Question 3

Example: Refer to the diagram.

a) Example: There are four lines of symmetry, one vertical, one

horizontal, and 2 oblique lines.

b) Example: The rotation order is 4.

1
c) Example: The angle of revolution is 90° or revolution.
4

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 166 Question 4

Example: Refer to the diagram.

25 cm

10 cm
10 cm

25 cm
25 cm

a) Example: The height of the round cake and the square cake is 10 cm. The diameter of
the round cake and the side length of the square cake is 25 cm.
To find the surface area of the round cake, use the formula Surface area = πr2 + 2πrh,
where r represents the radius of the circle, d represents the diameter, and h represents the
height.

Surface area = πr2 + 2πrh

= π (12.5)2 + 2π (12.5)(10)
B 1276.3
The surface area of the round cake is approximately 1276.3 cm2.

To find the surface area of the square cake, use the formula Surface area = s2 + 4sh,
where s represents the side length of the square base, and h represents the height of the
prism.
Surface area = s2 + 4sh
= 252 + 4(25)(10)
= 625 + 1000
= 1625
The surface area of the square cake is 1625 cm2.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 202

b) Example: Refer to the diagram.

25 cm 25 cm

With the cuts in each cake, there will be 4 surfaces of dimensions 25 cm by 10 cm

exposed. That would be an increase of (4)(25)(10) or 1000 cm2.

To find the percent increase in surface area for the circular cake, divide 1000 by 1276.5.
1000 ÷ 1276.5 = 0.783
= 78.4%

To find the percent increase in surface area for the square cake, divide 1000 by 1625.
1000 ÷ 1625 = 0.615
= 61.5%

The increase in surface area for the circular cake is 78.3% and for the square cake it is
61.5 %.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 203

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 166 Question 5

a) Refer to the diagram.

The vertices of A are (2, 4), (5, 6), and (5, 2).
The vertices of B are (–2, 5), (–4, 2), and (–6, 5).
The vertices of C are (–5, –2), (–2, –4),
and (–5, –6).
The vertices of D are (4, –2), (2, –5), and (6, –5).

b) Refer to the diagram.

The vertices of B are (–2, 4), (–5, 2), and (–5, 6).
The vertices of C are (–5, –2), (–5, –6),
and (–2, –4).
The vertices of D are (5, –2), (2, –4), and (5, –6).

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 204

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 166 Question 6

a) The total number of exposed faces is 18. To find the surface area, find the area of one
face and multiply by 18.
Since each face of a cube is a square, use the formula A = 18s2.

A = 18s2
= 18(25)2
= 18(625)
= 11 250
The surface area is 11 250 cm2.

b) The total number of exposed faces is16. To find the surface area, find the area of one
face and multiply by 16.
Since each face of a cube is a square, use the formula A = 16s2.

A = 16s2
= 16(25)2
= 16(625)
= 10 000
The surface area is 10 000 cm2.

The surface area decreased by 11 250 – 10 000, or 1250 cm2.

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 7

To write the rational numbers in ascending order, rewrite each fraction as its decimal
equivalent.

−4
= –0.8
5
3 − 11
–2 =
4 4
= –2.75
−2
= –0. 6
3
3 −4 −2
The rational numbers is ascending order are –2 , –0.8, , , 0. 6 , 2.7.
4 5 3

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 205

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 8

Example: To find a fraction between –6.3 and –6.4, write each decimal number as a
fraction.
3 4
–6.3 = –6 –6.4 = –6
10 10
Rewrite each fraction with a common denominator of 20.
3 6 4 8
–6 = –6 –6 = –6
10 20 10 20
7
A fraction between –6.3 and –6.4 is –6 .
20

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 9

a) Estimate.
−2.52 + 1.84 B 3 + 2
B1

Calculate.
–2.52 + 1.84 = 1.84 – 2.52
= –0.68

b) Estimate.
–2.4 × (–1.5) B –2 × –2
B4

Calculate.
Multiply the decimal numbers.
2.4 × 1.5 = 3.6
The sign of the product is positive because both factors are negative.
–2.4 × (–1.5) = 3.6

c) Estimate.
–4.37 ÷ (–0.95) B –4 ÷ –1
B4

Calculate.
Divide the decimal numbers.
4.37 ÷ 0.95 = 4.6
The sign of the quotient is positive because both the dividend and the divisor are
negative.
–4.37 ÷ (–0.95) = 4.6

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 206

d) Estimate.
0.76 + (–1.83) B 1 + –2
B –1

Calculate.
Adding the opposite of 1.83 is the same as subtracting 1.83.
0.76 + (–1.83) = 0.76 – 1.83
= –1.07

e) Estimate.
8.48 – 10.51 B 8 – 10
B –2

Calculate.
8.48 – 10.51 = –2.03

f) Estimate.
–5.3 (4.2) B –5 (4)
B –20

Calculate.
Multiply the decimal numbers.
5.3 × 4.2 = 22.26
The sign of the product is negative because one factor is negative.
–5.3(4.2) = –22.26

g) Estimate.
–2.31 – (–5.72) B –2 – (–6)
B4

Calculate.
Subtracting –5.72 is the same as adding its opposite.
–2.31 + 5.72 = 3.41

h) Estimate.
–5.5 ÷ (–5.5) B –5 ÷ (–5)
B1

Calculate.
A number divided by itself is 1.
So, –5.5 ÷ (–5.5) = 1.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 207

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 10

a) Estimate.
1 – (–1) = 2

Calculate.
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
1 – ⎜ −1 ⎟
10 ⎝ 10 ⎠
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
=1 + ⎜ 1 ⎟ Subtracting ⎜ −1 ⎟ is the same as adding the opposite of ⎜ −1 ⎟ .
10 ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
1+1
=2 Add the whole numbers and the numerators of the fractions.
10
2
=2
10
1
=2 Reduce to lowest terms.
5

b) Estimate.
3 ÷ (–3) = –1

Calculate.
3 ⎛ 3 ⎞
3 ÷ −3
5 ⎜⎝ 8 ⎟⎠
18 ⎛ −27 ⎞
= ÷ ⎜ ⎟ Rewrite the mixed numbers as improper fractions.
5 ⎝ 8 ⎠
18 ⎛ −8 ⎞
= × ⎜ ⎟ Multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor.
5 ⎝ 27 ⎠
− 144
= Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.
135
− 16
= Reduce to lowest terms.
15
1
= –1 Rewrite the improper fraction as a mixed number.
15

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 208

c) Estimate.
–1 – 0 = –1

Calculate.
1 1
–1 –
2 12
1 −1 1 1
= –1 + Subtracting is the same as adding the opposite of .
2 12 12 12
− 3 −1
= + Rewrite the mixed number as an improper fraction.
2 12
− 18 − 1
= + Rewrite with a common denominator.
12 12
− 19
= Add the numerators.
12
7
= –1 Rewrite as a mixed number.
12

d) Estimate.
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2
− + ⎜ − ⎟ = −
6 ⎝ 6 ⎠ 6
1
= −
3

Calculate.
1 −1
− +( )
6 8
− 4 ⎛ −3 ⎞
= + ⎜ ⎟ The least common multiple of 6 and 8 is 24.
24 ⎝ 24 ⎠
− 4 + (−3)
= Add the numerators.
24
7
= −
24

e) Estimate.
0×0=0

Calculate.
1 ⎛ 3 ⎞
× ⎜ − ⎟
10 ⎝ 7 ⎠
3
= − Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.
70

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 209

f) Estimate.
1÷1=1

Calculate.
2 4
÷
3 5
2 5
= × Multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor.
3 4
10
= Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.
12
5
= Rewrite in lowest terms.
6

g) Estimate.
–4 + 2 = –2

Calculate.
1 5
–4 + 2
2 9
−9 23
= + Rewrite the mixed numbers as improper fractions.
2 9
− 81 46
= + The least common multiple of 2 and 9 is 18.
18 18
− 81 + 46
= Add the numerators.
18
− 35
=
18
17
= –1 Rewrite as a mixed number.
18

h) Estimate.
–3 × –2 = 6

Calculate.
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
–2 ⎜ −2 ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
− 5 ⎛ −5 ⎞
= × ⎜ ⎟ Rewrite the mixed numbers as improper fractions.
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
25
= Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.
4
1
=6 Rewrite the improper fraction as a mixed number.
4

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 210

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 11

a) Estimate.
Use the square root of a perfect square on each side of 2.56 . 2.56 is between 1 and
4 , but closer to 4 . Since 1 = 1 and 4 = 2, an estimate for 2.56 might be 2.

Calculate.
Use a calculator.
2.56 = 1.6
The side length of the square is 1.60 cm.

b) Estimate.
1
0.01 =
100
1 1
=
100 10
1
= 0.1
10
The estimate is the exact answer. The side length of the square is 0.1 km.

c) Estimate.
Use the square root of a perfect square on each side of 0.048 . 0.048 is between
0.04 and 0.09 , but closer to 0.04 . Since 0.04 = 0.2 and 0.09 = 0.3, an
estimate for 0.048 might be 0.2.

Calculate.
Use a calculator.
0.048 = 0.219 089 023
The side length of the square is approximately 0.22 mm.

d) Estimate.
Use the square root of a perfect square on each side of 1.02 . 1.02 is between 0.81
and 1 , but closer to 1 . Since 0.81 = 0.9 and 1 = 1, an estimate for 1.02 might
be 1.

Calculate.
Use a calculator.
1.02 = 1.009 950 494
So, the side of the square is approximately 1.01 km.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 211

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 12

To find the perimeter, determine the side length.

To find the side length, calculate the square root of the area, 2.89 m2.
2.89 = 1.7
The side length of the square is 1.7 m.
To find the perimeter, multiply 1.7 by 4.
1.7 × 4 = 6.8
The perimeter of the square quilt is 6.8 m.

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 13

Apply the exponent law. Multiply the exponents.

(43)5 = 415
Apply the exponent law. Since the bases are the same, add the exponents.
42 × 415 = 417

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 14

(–6)0 + 23 ÷ (7 – 5)2 Use the order of operations.

Perform the operation within the parenthesis first.
0 3 2
= (–6) + 2 ÷ (2) Evaluate the powers.
=1+8÷4 Perform the division.
=1+2 Perform the addition.
=3

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 15

2 10 12
( −4 ) ( −4 ) =
( −4 )
3 3
( −4 ) ( −4 )
9
= ( −4 )
= −262 144

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 16

(3 × 7)4 = (3 × 7) × (3 × 7) ×(3 × 7) ×(3 × 7)

= 3 ×3 × 3 × 3 ×7 × 7 × 7 × 7
= 34 × 74

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 212

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 167 Question 17

a) In the formula, N = 50(2)t, replace t with 5.

N = 50(2)t
= 50(2)5 Evaluate the power.
= 50(32) Multiply.
= 1600
After 5 h, there will be 1600 bacteria.

b) In the formula, N = 50(2)t, replace t with 9.

N = 50(2)t
= 50(2)9 Evaluate the power.
= 50(512) Multiply.
= 25 600
After 9 h there will be 25 600 bacteria.

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 168 Question 18

To make an enlargement of the figure using a scale factor of 3, measure the vertical and
horizontal lengths. Multiply these lengths by 3. Draw the enlargement. Refer to the
diagram.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 213

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 168 Question 19

a) To determine the missing value, divide 42 by 3.5.

42 ÷ 3.5 = 12
The missing value is 12.

b) To determine the missing value, divide 49.95 by 2.7.

49.95 ÷ 2.7 = 18.5
The missing value is 18.5.

c) To determine the missing value, multiply 0.09 by 4.6.

0.09 × 4.6 = 0.414
The missing value is 0.414.

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 168 Question 20

Assume rABC is similar to rDBE. Set up ratios of the corresponding sides.

Side AC, which is 2.9 units, corresponds to side DE, which is 1.9 units.
Side AB, which is x + 1.9 units, corresponds to side DB, which is 1.9 units.
2.9 x + 1.9
=
1. 9 1.9
Divide (2.9 × 1.9) by 1.9.
x + 1.9 = (2.9 × 1.9) ÷ 1.9
x + 1.9 = 2.9
x=1
The value of x is 1 unit.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 214

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 168 Question 21

Set up a proportion for the scale and the measurements.

Rewrite 154 km as 15 400 000 cm. Measure the distance from Calgary to Regina on the
map. The distance is 4.2 cm. Let x represent the actual distance from Calgary to Regina.

diagram measurement
Scale =
actual measurement
1 4.2
=
15 400 000 x

Multiply 15 400 000 by 4.2 to determine the actual distance in centimetres.

15 400 000 × 4.2 = 64 680 000
Rewrite 64 680 000 cm in kilometres.
64 680 000 cm = 646.8 km
The actual distance from Calgary to Regina is 646.8 km.

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 168 Question 22

Measure the sides of rectangles A and F.

The dimensions of A are 2.5 cm by 1.0 cm.
The dimensions of F are 2.5 cm by 1.1 cm.
Therefore, rectangles A and F are not similar.

Measure the sides of rectangles B and D.

The dimensions of B are 2.3 cm by 1.5 cm.
The dimensions of D are 2.3 cm by 1.5 cm.
Therefore, rectangles B and D are similar.

Measure the sides of rectangles E and C.

The dimensions of E are 3.8 cm by 2.2 cm.
The dimensions of C are 5.7 cm by 0.5 cm.
3 .8
= 0.67
5. 7
2.2
= 4.4
0.5
3.8 2.2
≠
5.7 0.5
Ratios of corresponding sides are not equal, so rectangles E and C are not similar.

MHR ● MathLinks 9 Solutions 215

Chapters 1–4 Review Page 168 Question 23

a) The different types of polygons in the tessellation arehexagons, triangles, and

heptagons.

b) The hexagons are similar, the triangles are similar, and the heptagons are similar.
Example: Each triangle shares two edges with a hexagon and one edge with a heptagon.
The similar shapes decrease in size with distance from the centre.

c) Answers will vary.

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